151
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Iemma F, Puoci F, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Cirillo G, Spizzirri UG, Picci N. Ferulic acid as a comonomer in the synthesis of a novel polymeric chain with biological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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152
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Yamaki K. Experimental Animal Models to Evaluate Physiological Activities of Agricultural Products, Food Components, and Drugs. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.57.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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153
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Lai P, Li KY, Lu S, Chen HH. Phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from Japonica rice bran. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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154
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Roschek B, Fink RC, Li D, McMichael M, Tower CM, Smith RD, Alberte RS. Pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 2, and 5-lipooxygenase, inhibited by stabilized rice bran extracts. J Med Food 2009; 12:615-23. [PMID: 19627211 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, the outer bran and germ of the kernel and a by-product of rice milling, is rich in phytonutrients but has been underutilized because of lipid content instability. New methods for the processing of rice bran have yielded a stabilized form that is increasingly used in foods and dietary supplements. Recent studies have documented a role for stabilized rice bran (SRB) in treating diabetes and arthritis, although little is known of the bioactive compounds that impart these health benefits. Here we characterize the chemical composition of three extracts of SRB and identify the functional bioactives contributing to the inhibitory properties against three key pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase [COX] 1, COX2, and 5-lipoxygenase [5-LOX]) that control the inflammatory cascade involved in impaired joint health, pain, and arthritis. One extract (SRB-AI) demonstrated significant COX1 and COX2 inhibitory activities with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values for COX1 and COX2 of 305 and 29 microg/mL, respectively, but no 5-LOX inhibition. The second extract (SRB-AII) inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with IC(50) values of 310, 19, and 396 microg/mL, respectively. The third extract (SRB-AIII), a blend of SRB-AI and SRB-AIII, inhibited COX1, COX2, and 5-LOX with respective IC(50) values of 48, 11, and 197 microg/mL. Analysis of the extracts by direct analysis in real time time of flight-mass spectrometry revealed that SRB-AI, SRB-AII, and SRB-AIII contain over 620, 770, and 810 compounds, respectively. Of these, 17 were identified as key bioactives for COX and/or LOX inhibition. These SRB extracts have applications for functional foods and dietary supplements for control of inflammation and joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Roschek
- HerbalScience Group LLC, Naples, Florida 34110, USA
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155
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Ruktanonchai U, Sakulkhu U, Bejrapha P, Opanasopit P, Bunyapraphatsara N, Junyaprasert V, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Effect of lipid types on physicochemical characteristics, stability and antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol-loaded lipid nanoparticles. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:614-26. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040802586571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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156
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Mahmud S, Saleem M, Siddique S, Ahmed R, Khanum R, Perveen Z. Volatile components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Citrus acida var. sour lime peel oil. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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157
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158
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Pan MH, Lai CS, Dushenkov S, Ho CT. Modulation of inflammatory genes by natural dietary bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4467-77. [PMID: 19489612 DOI: 10.1021/jf900612n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have shown that chronic inflammation predisposes individuals to various types of cancer. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. Conversely, an oncogenic change induces an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumors. Natural bioactive compounds in dietary plant products including fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, tea, and wine are claimed to help prevent cancer, degenerative diseases, and chronic and acute inflammation. Modern methods in cell and molecular biology allow us to understand the interactions of different natural bioactive compounds with basic mechanisms of inflammatory response. The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now unraveled. Natural bioactive compounds exert anti-inflammatory activity by modulating pro-inflammatory gene expressions have shown promising chemopreventive activity. This review summarizes current knowledge on natural bioactive compounds that act through the signaling pathways and modulate inflammatory gene expressions, thus providing evidence for these substances in cancer chemopreventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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159
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Chigorimbo-Murefu NT, Riva S, Burton SG. Lipase-catalysed synthesis of esters of ferulic acid with natural compounds and evaluation of their antioxidant properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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160
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Yorulmaz A, Velioglu YS, Tekin A, Simsek A, Drover JCG, Ates J. Phytosterols in 17 Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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161
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Ohara K, Uchida A, Nagasaka R, Ushio H, Ohshima T. The effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on adiponectin secretion. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:130-137. [PMID: 19013780 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HADs), observed ubiquitously in plants, have some physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of HADs on serum adiponectin concentrations in mice and on adiponectin secretion of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In mice, serum adiponectin concentrations were increased by gamma-oryzanol administration. CAPE, curcumin, and trans-ferulic acid markedly enhanced the adiponectin secretion of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but not gamma-oryzanol. To clarify the effects of gamma-oryzanol in mice or the effects of HADs on the underlying mechanisms of adiponectin secretion, we further investigated the effect of HADs on adiponectin secretion in the NF-kappaB activation state. Although the adiponectin secretion was reduced in the presence of lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, only gamma-oryzanol supported the activity of adiponectin secretion under NF-kappaB activated condition. The results indicate that these HADs might regulate adiponectin secretion by the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. HADs might be effective for ameliorating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ohara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 5-7 Konan 4, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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162
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Islam MS, Yoshida H, Matsuki N, Ono K, Nagasaka R, Ushio H, Guo Y, Hiramatsu T, Hosoya T, Murata T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Antioxidant, Free Radical–Scavenging, and NF-κB–Inhibitory Activities of Phytosteryl Ferulates: Structure–Activity Studies. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:328-37. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09146fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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163
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NAKORNRIAB MUNTANA, SRISEADKA TINAKORN, WONGPORNCHAI SUGUNYA. QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOID AND FLAVONOID COMPONENTS IN BRANS OF SOME THAI BLACK RICE CULTIVARS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2008.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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164
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Oliveira L, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Cordeiro N. Lipophilic extracts from banana fruit residues: a source of valuable phytosterols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9520-9524. [PMID: 18817409 DOI: 10.1021/jf801709t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts of unripe pulp and peel of banana fruit 'Dwarf Cavendish' was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acids, sterols, and steryl esters are the major families of lipophilic components present in banana tissues, followed by diacylglycerols, steryl glucosides, long chain fatty alcohols, and aromatic compounds. Fatty acids are more abundant in the banana pulp (29-90% of the total amount of lipophilic extract), with linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids as the major compounds of this family. In banana peel, sterols represent about 49-71% of the lipophilic extract with two triterpenic ketones (31-norcyclolaudenone and cycloeucalenone) as the major components. The detection of high amounts of steryl esters (469-24405 mg/kg) and diacylglycerols (119-878 mg/kg), mainly present in the banana peel extract, explains the increase in the abundance of fatty acids and sterols after alkaline hydrolysis. Several steryl glucosides were also found in significative amounts (273-888 mg/kg), particularly in banana pulp (888 mg/kg). The high content of sterols (and their derivatives) in the 'Dwarf Cavendish' fruit can open new strategies for the valorization of the banana residues as a potential source of high-value phytochemicals with nutraceutical and functional food additive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Oliveira
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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165
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Tilay A, Bule M, Kishenkumar J, Annapure U. Preparation of ferulic acid from agricultural wastes: its improved extraction and purification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7644-8. [PMID: 18707110 DOI: 10.1021/jf801536t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic antioxidant present in plants, which is widely used in the food and cosmetic industry. In the present study, various agricultural wastes such as maize bran, rice bran, wheat bran, wheat straw, sugar cane baggasse, pineapple peels, orange peels, and pomegranate peels were screened for the presence of esterified FA (EFA). Among the sources screened, maize bran was found to contain the highest amount of EFA. Pineapple peels, orange peels, and pomegranate peels were also found to contain traces of EFA. Alkaline extraction of EFA from maize bran was carried out using 2 M NaOH. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of EFA extraction, which resulted in a 1.3-fold increase as compared to the unoptimized conventional extraction technique. FA was analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purification was carried out by adsorption chromatography using Amberlite XAD-16 followed by preparative high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The recovery of Amberlite XAD-16 purified FA was up to 57.97% with HPLC purity 50.89%. The fold purity achieved was 1.35. After preparative HPTLC, the maximum HPLC purity obtained was 95.35% along with an increase in fold purity up to 2.53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Tilay
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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166
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Chen JR, Singhal R, Lazarenko OP, Liu X, Hogue WR, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Short term effects on bone quality associated with consumption of soy protein isolate and other dietary protein sources in rapidly growing female rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:1348-58. [PMID: 18703746 DOI: 10.3181/0802-rm-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of soy protein consumption on bone quality have been reported. The effects of other dietary protein sources such as whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and rice protein isolate (RPI) on bone growth have been less well examined. The current study compared effects of feeding soy protein isolate (SPI), WPH and RPI for 14 d on tibial bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rapidly growing female rats relative to animals fed casein (CAS). The effects of estrogenic status on responses to SPI were also explored. Tibial peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) showed all three protein sources had positive effects on either BMD or BMC relative to CAS (P < 0.05), but SPI had greater effects in both intact and OVX female rats. SPI and E2 had positive effects on BMD and BMC in OVX rats (P < 0.05). However, trabecular BMD was lower in a SPI + E2 group compared to a CAS + E2 group. In OVX rats, SPI increased serum bone formation markers, and serum from SPI-fed rats stimulated osteoblastogenesis in ex vivo. SPI also suppressed the bone resorption marker RatLaps (P < 0.05). Both SPI and E2 increased alkaline phosphatase gene expression in bone, but only SPI decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and estrogen receptor gene expression (P < 0.05). These data suggest beneficial bone effects of a soy diet in rapidly growing animals and the potential for early soy consumption to increase peak bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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167
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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of rice bran oil and column partition fractionation of γ-oryzanols. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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168
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169
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Effects of radix adenophorae and cyclosporine A on an OVA-induced murine model of asthma by suppressing to T cells activity, eosinophilia, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2008:781425. [PMID: 18382613 PMCID: PMC2276601 DOI: 10.1155/2008/781425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Radix Adenophorae extract (RAE) on ovalbumin-induced asthma murine model. To study the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects of RAE, we examined the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and inhibitory effects of T cells in murine by RAE and cyclosporine A (CsA). We examined determination of airway hyperresponsiveness, flow cytometric analysis (FACS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real time (PCR), hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson trichrome staining in lung tissue, lung weight, total cells, and eosinophil numbers in lung tissue. We demonstrated how RAE suppressed development on inflammation and decreased airway damage.
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170
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Heinemann RJB, Xu Z, Godber JS, Lanfer-Marquez UM. Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ-Oryzanol Contents inJaponicaandIndicaSubspecies of Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Cultivated in Brazil. Cereal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-85-2-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riana J. B. Heinemann
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - J. Samuel Godber
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Ursula M. Lanfer-Marquez
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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171
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Lilitchan S, Tangprawat C, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura S, Chokmoh S, Krisnangkura K. Partial extraction method for the rapid analysis of total lipids and γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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172
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Plant Sterol Methyltransferases: Phytosterolomic Analysis, Enzymology, and Bioengineering Strategies. BIOENGINEERING AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT PATHWAYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1755-0408(07)01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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173
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Mohamed R, Fernández J, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed oil is a rich source of gamma-tocopherol. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S207-11. [PMID: 17995816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant potential of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts was studied. Different plant organs, including seeds, stems, leaves, and sepals, were analyzed with respect to their water-soluble antioxidant capacity, lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity, and tocopherol content, revealing that roselle seeds are a good source of lipid-soluble antioxidants, particularly gamma-tocopherol. Roselle seed oil was extracted and characterized, and its physicochemical parameters are summarized: acidity, 2.24%; peroxide index, 8.63 meq/kg; extinction coefficients at 232 (k(232)) and 270 nm (k(270)), 3.19 and 1.46, respectively; oxidative stability, 15.53 h; refractive index, 1.477; density, 0.92 kg/L; and viscosity, 15.9 cP. Roselle seed oil belongs to the linoleic/oleic category, its most abundant fatty acids being C18:2 (40.1%), C18:1 (28%), C16:0 (20%), C18:0 (5.3%), and C19:1 (1.7%). Sterols include beta-sitosterol (71.9%), campesterol (13.6%), Delta-5-avenasterol (5.9%), cholesterol (1.35%), and clerosterol (0.6%). Total tocopherols were detected at an average concentration of 2000 mg/kg, including alpha-tocopherol (25%), gamma-tocopherol (74.5%), and delta-tocopherol (0.5%). The global characteristics of roselle seed oil suggest that it could have important industrial applications, adding to the traditional use of roselle sepals in the elaboration of karkade tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mohamed
- Institute Andaluz de Biotecnología, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 1 planta, University de Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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174
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175
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Fazary AE, Ju YH. Feruloyl esterases as biotechnological tools: current and future perspectives. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:811-28. [PMID: 17989872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases represent a diverse group of hydrolases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of ester bonds between plant cell wall polysaccharide and phenolic acid. They are widely distributed in plants and microorganisms. Besides lipases, a considerable number of microbial feruloyl esterases have also been discovered and overexpressed. This review summarizes the latest research on their classification, production, and biophysicochemical properties. Special emphasis is given to the importance of that type of enzyme and their related phenolic ferulic acid compound in biotechnological processes, and industrial and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Fazary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan, China
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176
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Preliminary study of the chemical composition of rice milling fractions stabilized by microwave heating. J Food Compost Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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177
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178
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Characterization and Compositional Studies of Oil from Seeds of Desi Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars Grown in Pakistan. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-007-1136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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179
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Britz SJ, Prasad PVV, Moreau RA, Allen LH, Kremer DF, Boote KJ. Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and gamma-oryzanol in brown rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7559-65. [PMID: 17725318 DOI: 10.1021/jf0637729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Brown rice is a valuable source of lipid-soluble antioxidants including ferulated phytosterols (i.e., gamma-oryzanol), tocopherols, and tocotrienols. To evaluate the impact of temperature on the accumulation of these compounds, seeds from six different rice lines grown to maturity in replicate greenhouses in Gainesville, FL, were analyzed. The lines represented Oryza sativa indica, O. sativa japonica, and Oryza glaberrima of different origins. Temperatures were maintained near ambient at one end of each greenhouse and at approximately 4.5 degrees C above ambient at the other end. gamma-Oryzanols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were extracted from whole seed (i.e., brown rice) and analyzed by HPLC. Tocotrienols and tocopherols varied widely between lines but changed only slightly with respect to temperature. In general, the proportions of alpha-tocotrienol and/or alpha-tocopherol increased at elevated temperature, whereas gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol decreased. Six gamma-oryzanol peaks, identified on the basis of absorbance maxima at 330 nm and HPLC-mass spectrometry, were quantified. The most abundant component was 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, present at 40-62% of total. Its levels increased 35-57% at elevated temperature in five of six lines, accounting for most of the change in total gamma-oryzanol. The results suggest that the physiological action of individual ferulated phytosterols should be investigated because their relative proportions in gamma-oryzanol can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Britz
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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180
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Yu S, Nehus ZT, Badger TM, Fang N. Quantification of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice germ and bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7308-13. [PMID: 17691808 DOI: 10.1021/jf071957p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice bran is a rich natural source of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol, which have been extensively studied and reported to possess important health-promoting properties. However, commercial rice bran is a mixture of rice bran and germ, and profiles of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in these two different materials are less well-studied. In the current study, vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice bran and germ were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The components were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with both positive- and negative-ion modes. Both deprotonated molecular ion [M - H](-) and protonated molecular ion [M + H](+) found as the base peaks in spectra of vitamin E components made ESI-MS a valuable analytic method in detecting vitamin E compounds, especially when they were at very low levels in samples. Ultraviolet absorption was used for quantification of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components. While the level of vitamin E in rice germ was 5 times greater than in rice bran, the level of gamma-oryzanol in rice germ was 5 times lower than in rice bran. Also, the major vitamin E component was alpha-tocopherol in rice germ and gamma-tocotrienol in rice bran. These data suggest that rice bran and germ have significantly different profiles of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components. The method enables rapid and direct on-line identification and quantification of the vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice bran and germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanggong Yu
- Hubei College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
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181
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Kikuchi T, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Watanabe K, Nishino H. Cancer chemopreventive effects of cycloartane-type and related triterpenoids in in vitro and in vivo models. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:918-22. [PMID: 17503850 DOI: 10.1021/np068044u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight natural and semisynthetic cycloartane-type and related triterpenoids have been evaluated for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells as a primary screening test for anti-tumor promoters. In addition, these triterpenoids have been tested for their inhibitory effects on activation of (+/-)-(E)-methtyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexemide (NOR 1), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, as a primary screening test for anti-tumor initiators. All of the compounds tested exhibited inhibitory effects on both EBV-EA and NOR 1 activation. Six of these compounds having a C-24 hydroxylated side chain, viz., (24R)-cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (9), (24R)-cycloartane-3beta,24,25-triol (11), (24S)-cycloartane-3beta,24,25-triol (12), (24xi)-24-methylcycloartane-3beta,24,241-triol (14), (24xi)-241-methoxy-24-methylcycloartane-3beta,24-diol (15), and (24xi)-24,25-dihydroxycycloartan-3-one (27), showed higher inhibitory effects than the others tested on both EBV-EA (IC50 values of 6.1-7.4 nM) and NOR 1 activation. Furthermore, compounds 14 and 15 exhibited inhibitory effects on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugdai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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182
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A comparison of the antioxidant properties of steryl ferulates with tocopherol at high temperatures. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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183
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Bi Y, Yang G, Li H, Zhang G, Guo Z. Characterization of the chemical composition of lotus plumule oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7672-7. [PMID: 17002438 DOI: 10.1021/jf0607011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterizations of lotus plumule and plumule oil, focusing on approximate composition analysis of lotus plumule powder and fatty acid composition, lipid classes, triglyceride (TG) profiles, and sterol analysis of the plumule oil, were conducted in this work. The results revealed that the lotus plumule constitutes 7.8% moisture, 4.2% ash, and 12.5% crude oil and 26.3% protein on the dry base. Lotus plumule oil is rich in linoleic acid (50.4%) and oleic acid (13.5%), and the dominating saturated fatty acids are palmitic acid (18.0%) and behenic acid (6.8%). The principal components of TG in lotus plumule oil are LLL (12.80%), beta-PLL (11.27%), beta-POL (8.28%), beta-PLO (8.58%), and beta-BeLL (8.32%). Lipid class assay of the crude oil gave the saponification value of 153.4 KOH mg/g and tocopherol content 390 mg/100 g. A distinct characteristic of lotus plumule oil is that its unsaponifiable matter is incredibly high, up to 14-19%, which consists mainly of beta-sitosterol (32%), Delta(5)-avenasterol (20%), and campesterol (6.3%). The major occurring form of sterols was found to be steryl ester. This work might be useful to develop innovative applications of lotus plumule oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Bi
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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184
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Harada KM, Tanaka K, Fukuda Y, Hashimoto W, Murata K. Paenibacillus sp. strain HC1 xylanases responsible for degradation of rice bran hemicellulose. Microbiol Res 2006; 163:293-8. [PMID: 16829064 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. strain HC1 is the first bacterium capable of growing on rice bran hemicellulose as a sole carbon source. Two xylanases (Xyl-I and -II) were purified from the bacterial culture fluid and enzymatically characterized. Xyl-I and -II showed monomer forms with molecular masses of 30 and 18kDa, respectively, and were most active at around pH 5.0 and 45 degrees C. Xylooligosaccharides were degraded to xylobiose and xylose by Xyl-I, but not by Xyl-II, suggesting that Xyl-I plays an important role in complete depolymerization of xylan. Both enzymes acted endolytically on rice bran hemicellulose, indicating that Xyl-I and -II contribute to the structure determination and practical use of the polysaccharide, an unutilized biomass in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mine Harada
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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185
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Yu S, Fang N, Li Q, Zhang J, Luo H, Ronis M, Badger TM. In vitro actions on human cancer cells and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry fingerprint of phytochemicals in rice protein isolate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4482-92. [PMID: 16756384 DOI: 10.1021/jf0605852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice protein isolate (RPI) has been reported to reduce the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. To determine the potential role of phytochemicals associated with the RPI, we studied in vitro antitumor activities of an ether fraction from RPI using human tumor cell lines, including two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7) and two myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226 and IM-9). Concentration-dependent antiproliferative effects of the ether fraction were observed in all cell lines using the standard 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Fraction-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) was detected in all cell lines, and this was associated with the induction of proapoptotic bax protein and cdk inhibitors (p21) and the suppression of cdk4 and cyclin D1 activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with both positive and negative modes was used to analyze the phytochemicals in the ether fraction from RPI. Fifty-seven phytochemicals were identified or characterized by their diagnostic fragmentation patterns and direct comparison with the authentic standards on the basis of electrospray ionization-MS/MS data. The major components bound to RPI were lysoglycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and fatty acid 3-[2-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxycarbonyl)-2-hydroxy-ethoxy]-2-hydroxy-propyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanggong Yu
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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186
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Akihisa T, Watanabe K, Yoneima R, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Biotransformation of cycloartane-type triterpenes by the fungus Glomerella fusarioides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:604-7. [PMID: 16643035 DOI: 10.1021/np058120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of three cycloartane-type triterpenes, cycloartenol (1), 24-methylenecycloartanol (2), and cycloartenone (3), by the fungus Glomerella fusarioides was studied. Compound 1 was converted to 3, cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (4), and cycloartane-3beta,24,25-triol (5). Compound 2 was metabolized to cycloeucalenol (6) and two new compounds, 24-methylcycloartane-3beta,24,24(1)-triol (7) and 24(1)-methoxy-24-methylcycloartane-3beta,24-diol (8). Compound 3 was converted into two new metabolites, 4alpha,4beta,14alpha-trimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopregnane-3,20-dione (9) and 25-hydroxy-24-methoxycycloartan-3-one (14), and four known compounds, viz., cycloartane-3,24-dione (10), 24-hydroxycycloart-25-en-3-one (11), (23E)-25-hydroxycycloart-23-en-3-one (12), and 24,25-dihydroxycycloartan-3-one (13). The structures of four new metabolites, 7, 8, 9, and 14, were established by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
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187
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Harada KM, Tanaka K, Fukuda Y, Hashimoto W, Murata K. Degradation of rice bran hemicellulose by Paenibacillus sp. strain HC1: gene cloning, characterization and function of β-D-glucosidase as an enzyme involved in degradation. Arch Microbiol 2005; 184:215-24. [PMID: 16205911 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-005-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A bacterium (strain HC1) capable of assimilating rice bran hemicellulose was isolated from a soil and identified as belonging to the genus Paenibacillus through taxonomical and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Strain HC1 cells grown on rice bran hemicellulose as a sole carbon source inducibly produced extracellular xylanase and intracellular glycosidases such as beta-D-glucosidase and beta-D-arabinosidase. One of them, beta-D-glucosidase, was further analyzed. A genomic DNA library of the bacterium was constructed in Escherichia coli and gene coding for beta-D-glucosidase was cloned by screening for beta-D-glucoside-degrading phenotype in E. coli cells. Nucleotide sequence determination indicated that the gene for the enzyme contained an open reading frame consisting of 1,347 bp coding for a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 51.4 kDa. The polypeptide exhibits significant homology with other bacterial beta-D-glucosidases and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1. Beta-D-Glucosidase purified from E. coli cells was a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 50 kDa most active at around pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. Strain HC1 glycosidases responsible for degradation of rice bran hemicellulose are expected to be useful for structurally determining and molecularly modifying rice bran hemicellulose and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mine Harada
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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188
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A rapid procedure for analysing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol contents. J Food Compost Anal 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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189
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Figueroa-Espinoza MC, Villeneuve P. Phenolic acids enzymatic lipophilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2779-2787. [PMID: 15826020 DOI: 10.1021/jf0484273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilization is the esterification of a lipophilic moiety (fatty acid or fatty alcohol) on different substrates (phenolic acid, sugar, protein, ...), resulting in new molecules with modified hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. This reaction can be obtained chemically or enzymatically using different enzymes. Phenolic acids possess interesting biological properties (antioxidant, chelator, free radical scavenger, UV filter, antimicrobial, ...), but because of their relatively low solubility in aprotic media, their application in oil-based products is limited. Therefore, the esterification of their carboxylic acid function with a fatty alcohol enhances their hydrophobicity and results in a multifunctional amphiphilic molecule. Enzymatic lipophilization of phenolic acids is nowadays studied for potential industrial applications. Different systems have been proposed to perform the reaction yield [free or immobilized enzymes (lipase, feruloyl esterase, tannase, etc.), free or added organic solvent, addition of surfactant, microemulsion system, etc.]. Some of the functional properties of these esters have been demonstrated. This review presents a panorama of the advances in this field.
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190
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Nyström L, Mäkinen M, Lampi AM, Piironen V. Antioxidant activity of steryl ferulate extracts from rye and wheat bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2503-2510. [PMID: 15796586 DOI: 10.1021/jf048051t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of steryl ferulates from other sources than rice have not yet been studied much, despite the fact that rice steryl ferulates (gamma-oryzanol) have been shown to possess good antioxidant activity. In this study, steryl ferulate extracts from wheat or rye bran were studied for their capability to inhibit hydroperoxide formation in bulk methyl linoleate and methyl linoleate emulsion. Further, their activity to scavenge DPPH radicals was analyzed. The activities were compared to synthetic steryl ferulates, rice steryl ferulates, ferulic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. Nonrice cereal extracts of steryl ferulates exhibited good antioxidant activity, especially in the bulk lipid system. The radical scavenging activity was similar to that of nonesterified ferulic acid, indicating that the ferulic acid moiety is responsible for the antioxidant properties. This study illustrates a new aspect to the health-promoting properties of rye and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nyström
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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191
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Chen MH, Bergman C. A rapid procedure for analysing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol contents. J Food Compost Anal 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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192
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Luo HF, Li Q, Yu S, Badger TM, Fang N. Cytotoxic hydroxylated triterpene alcohol ferulates from rice bran. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:94-97. [PMID: 15679326 DOI: 10.1021/np049889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three hydroxylated triterpene alcohol ferulates, (24S)-cycloart-25-ene-3 beta,24-diol-3 beta-trans-ferulate (1), (24R)-cycloart-25-ene-3 beta,24-diol-3 beta-trans-ferulate (2), and cycloart-23Z-ene-3 beta,25-diol-3 beta-trans-ferulate (3), along with known compounds cycloartenol trans-ferulate (4) and 24-methylenecycloartanol trans-ferulate (5) were isolated from rice bran. Their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2-5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Luo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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193
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Holser RA, Bost G, Van Boven M. Phytosterol composition of hybrid Hibiscus seed oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2546-2548. [PMID: 15113154 DOI: 10.1021/jf035473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The seed oils from fifteen hybrid Hibiscus varieties were analyzed for desmethyl sterol content to identify bioactive compounds that could promote the use of these oils for edible applications. Hibiscusis being developed as a new crop with edible and nutraceutical applications for the component tissues and tissue extracts. Previously, hybrid varieties were developed for ornamental purposes on the basis of flower morphology and color. Currently, the effects of selective breeding on seed oil components are of interest as these represent potential natural products with bioactive properties. In the present study, sterol structures were identified as the corresponding trimethyl silyl ether derivatives obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of the seed oils. This material contained an average of 32 wt % sterols and exhibited a relative composition of sitosterol, 76.3%; campesterol, 10.3%; stigmasterol, 7.3%; 5-avenasterol, 4.4%; and cholesterol, 0.6%. The content of 5-avenasterol showed statistically significant variation among the hybrid varieties with a range of 1.2-5.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Holser
- USDA-ARS-NCAUR, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, Illinois, 61604, USA.
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194
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Acorn (Quercus
spp.) fruit lipids: Saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions: A detailed study. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-0921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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195
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Abstract
In recent years, the impressive development of molecular genetics tools, the sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, the availability of DNA or transposon tagged mutants, and the multiple possibilities offered by stable transformation with DNA in sense and antisense orientation have enabled the application of a strategy of gain or loss of function to study the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Here we describe the results obtained with these techniques. The results essentially confirm data obtained previously with sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) and enable the precise dissection of biosynthetic pathways. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of molecular genetics techniques as applied to sterol metabolism. The greater selectivity of these techniques constitutes an invaluable advantage and has led to the discovery of a role for sterols in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Benveniste
- Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Departement Biogenese et Fonctions des Isoprenoides, UPR-CNRS 2357, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
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196
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Iwatsuki K, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Higashihara H, Mukainaka T, Iizuka M, Hayashi Y, Kimura Y, Nishino H. Sterol ferulates, sterols, and 5-alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat, rye, and corn bran oils and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:6683-6688. [PMID: 14582960 DOI: 10.1021/jf030371+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sterol ferulate, free sterol, and 5-alk(en)ylresorcinol constituents of wheat, rye, and corn bran oils were studied. Among the sterol ferulates, one novel compound, 24-methylenecholestanol ferulate (7), along with six known compounds, namely, 24-methylcholestanol ferulate (1), 24-methylcholesterol ferulate (2), 2-methyllathosterol ferulate (3), stigmastanol ferulate (4), sitosterol ferulate (5), and schottenol ferulate (6), were isolated and characterized. Five known free sterols, namely, 24-methylcholesterol (8), stigmastanol (9), sitosterol (10), schottenol (11), and stigmasterol (12), were isolated and identified. 5-Alk(en)ylresorcinols were found in wheat and rye bran oils but not in corn bran oil. Of these, one new compound, 5-n-(2'-oxo-14'-Z-heneicosenyl) resorcinol (19), and seven known compounds, namely, 5-n-heptadecyl- (13), 5-n-nonadecyl- (14), 5-n-heneicosyl- (15), 5-n-tricosyl- (16), 5-n-pentacosyl- (17), 5-n-(14'-Z-nonadecenyl)- (18), and 5-n-(2'-oxoheneicosyl)resorcinols (20), were isolated and characterized. These compounds were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. Four compounds, 1, 2, 4, and 11, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Iwatsuki
- K-Laboratories for Intelligent Medical Remote Services, 2266-22 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-0003, Japan
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197
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198
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Bergman CJ, Xu Z. Genotype and Environment Effects on Tocopherol, Tocotrienol, and γ-Oryzanol Contents of Southern U.S. Rice. Cereal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2003.80.4.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Bergman
- USDA-ARS, Rice Research Unit, 1509 Aggie Drive, Beaumont, TX 77713. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - Z. Xu
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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199
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Fang N, Yu S, Badger TM. Characterization of triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates in rice bran using LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:3260-3267. [PMID: 12744652 DOI: 10.1021/jf021162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols in rice bran oil have been extensively studied and reported to possess important pharmacological actions. Inconsistent results on the numbers and structures of ferulates have been reported, primarily because of the analytical procedures employed. Conventional methods for analysis of phytosterol content in oil are carried out by characterization of trimethylsilylated derivatives (TMS) using GC-EI-MS after saponification of oils or individual compound isolated from oils. This study developed an LC-MS/MS method for the direct analysis of triterpene alcohol and sterol esters in rice bran oil. In addition to verifying the results of previous research, nine new relatively polar triterpene alcohol and sterol esters were characterized by their retention behaviors in LC and ESI-MS data from both negative- and positive-ion mode. This is the first evidence for the presence of hydroxylated ferulate esters and caffeate esters as part of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran. The method enables rapid and direct on-line characterization of triterpene alcohol and sterol esters in oils. LC-MS/MS equipped with reverse-phase LC and ESI-MS should be well-suited for identification and quantification of the polar metabolites of phytosterols in biological fluids after consumption of rice bran oil or other oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianbai Fang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 South Marshall Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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200
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Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric identification of phenolic compounds in Sicilian olive oils. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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