151
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Cytotoxicity of functionalized carbon nanotubes in J774A macrophages. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:853-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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152
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Zhang Y, Tekobo S, Tu Y, Zhou Q, Jin X, Dergunov SA, Pinkhassik E, Yan B. Permission to enter cell by shape: nanodisk vs nanosphere. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4099-4105. [PMID: 22839702 DOI: 10.1021/am300840p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Changing polystyrene nanoparticles from three-dimensional spherical shape to two-dimensional disk shape promotes their cell surface binding with significant reduction of cell uptake. As a result of lower cell uptake, nanodisks show very little perturbations on cell functions such as cellular ROS generation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression compared to nanospheres. Therefore, disk-shaped nanoparticles may be a promising template for developing cell membrane-specific and safer imaging agents for a range of biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, tissue engineering, cell tracking, and stem cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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153
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Liu D, Wang L, Wang Z, Cuschieri A. Different cellular response mechanisms contribute to the length-dependent cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:361. [PMID: 22748010 PMCID: PMC3461426 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has not been an agreement on the best methods for the characterisation of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) toxicity. The length of MWCNTs has been identified as a factor in in vitro and in vivo studies, in addition to their purity and biocompatible coating. Another unresolved issue relates to the variable toxicity of MWCNTs on different cell types. The present study addressed the effects of MWCNTs' length on mammalian immune and epithelial cancer cells RAW264.7 and MCF-7, respectively. Our data confirm that MWCNTs induce cytotoxicity in a length- and cell type-dependent manner. Whereas, longer (3 to 14 μm) MWCNTs exert high toxicity, especially to RAW264.7 cells, shorter (1.5 μm) MWCNTs are significantly less cytotoxic. These findings confirm that the degree of biocompatibility of MWCNTs is closely related to their length and that immune cells appear to be more susceptible to damage by MWCNTs. Our study also indicates that MWCNT nanotoxicity should be analysed for various components of cellular response, and cytotoxicity data should be validated by the use of more than one assay system. Results from chromogenic-based assays should be confirmed by trypan blue exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Liu
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee Medipark, Dundee DD2 1FD, UK
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee Medipark, Dundee DD2 1FD, UK
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee Medipark, Dundee DD2 1FD, UK
| | - Alfred Cuschieri
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee Medipark, Dundee DD2 1FD, UK
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154
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Depan D, Misra RDK. Processing-structure-functional property relationship in organic-inorganic nanostructured scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering: the response of preosteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3080-91. [PMID: 22733690 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We elucidate here for the first time the structure-processing-functional property relationship in chitosan (CS)-based scaffolds, where molecular machinery governing proliferation and growth of osteoblasts is mediated by nanostructured carbon. The interconnected network structure of organic-inorganic scaffolds was obtained by covalent linkage of carboxyl group of functionalized single-walled carbon nanohorn with the amine group of CS. The molecular-scale dispersibility of functionalized nanostructured carbon was an important physicochemical factor influencing cellular interactions and biological response. Furthermore, it was beneficial in promoting the biocompatibility and the degradation product of the scaffolds. The hydrophilicity, good water retention ability, and interconnected porous structure of organic-inorganic scaffolds enabled pronounced cell attachment and proliferation and enhanced the stability toward enzymatic degradation. The infiltration of cells and colonization of the pores of the scaffolds and cellular interactions were promoted due to covalent linkage of nanostructured carbon with CS. Additionally, the interconnectivity of porous scaffolds facilitated cells to infiltrate inside the pores of CS-nanostructured scaffolds, implying that nanostructured carbon merits consideration in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Depan
- Center for Structural and Functional Materials, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, USA
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155
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Zhang T, Tang M, Kong L, Li H, Zhang T, Zhang S, Xue Y, Pu Y. Comparison of cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 219-220:203-212. [PMID: 22534157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The increased application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has raised the level of public concern regarding possible toxicities. Using in vitro cellular assays, we were able to assess the immunotoxicity of pristine multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their derivatives, covalently functionalized with carboxyl (COOH) or polyethylene glycol (PEG), in rodent macrophage cells. Moreover, special focus was placed on the role of surface modification and nanotubes aggregation on toxicity. Results showed that pristine MWCNTs reduce cell viability compared with functionalized MWCNTs in RAW 264.7 macrophages when incubated at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL. However, in addition to causing cytotoxicity, functionalized MWCNTs induce serious inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at various MWCNTs concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). Particle surface modification and dispersion status in biological medium were key factors in determining cytotoxicity. These findings imply that MWCNTs-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages may be associated with surface modification and aggregation of MWCNTs, which is reflected by alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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156
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de la Zerda A, Kim JW, Galanzha EI, Gambhir SS, Zharov VP. Advanced contrast nanoagents for photoacoustic molecular imaging, cytometry, blood test and photothermal theranostics. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 6:346-69. [PMID: 22025336 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various nanoparticles have raised significant interest over the past decades for their unique physical and optical properties and biological utilities. Here we summarize the vast applications of advanced nanoparticles with a focus on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based or CNT-catalyzed contrast agents for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, cytometry and theranostics applications based on the photothermal (PT) effect. We briefly review the safety and potential toxicity of the PA/PT contrast nanoagents, while showing how the physical properties as well as multiple biological coatings change their toxicity profiles and contrasts. We provide general guidelines needed for the validation of a new molecular imaging agent in living subjects, and exemplify these guidelines with single-walled CNTs targeted to α(v) β(3) , an integrin associated with tumor angiogenesis, and golden carbon nanotubes targeted to LYVE-1, endothelial lymphatic receptors. An extensive review of the potential applications of advanced contrast agents is provided, including imaging of static targets such as tumor angiogenesis receptors, in vivo cytometry of dynamic targets such as circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles in blood, lymph, bones and plants, methods to enhance the PA and PT effects with transient and stationary bubble conjugates, PT/PA Raman imaging and multispectral histology. Finally, theranostic applications are reviewed, including the nanophotothermolysis of individual tumor cells and bacteria with clustered nanoparticles, nanothrombolysis of blood clots, detection and purging metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes, spectral hole burning and multiplex therapy with ultrasharp rainbow nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, the Bio-X Program and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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157
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Shvedova AA, Pietroiusti A, Fadeel B, Kagan VE. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced toxicity: focus on oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:121-33. [PMID: 22513272 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are emerging as highly promising technologies in many sectors in the society. However, the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials also raises concerns about inadvertent exposure to these materials and the potential for adverse effects on human health and the environment. Despite several years of intensive investigations, a common paradigm for the understanding of nanoparticle-induced toxicity remains to be firmly established. Here, the so-called oxidative stress paradigm is scrutinized. Does oxidative stress represent a secondary event resulting inevitably from disruption of biochemical processes and the demise of the cell, or a specific, non-random event that plays a role in the induction of cellular damage e.g. apoptosis? The answer to this question will have important ramifications for the development of strategies for mitigation of adverse effects of nanoparticles. Recent examples of global lipidomics studies of nanoparticle-induced tissue damage are discussed along with proteomics and transcriptomics approaches to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the complex and interrelated molecular changes in cells and tissues exposed to nanoparticles. We also discuss instances of non-oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage resulting from direct physical interference of nanomaterials with cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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158
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Galvan-Garcia P, Keefer EW, Yang F, Zhang M, Fang S, Zakhidov AA, Baughman RH, Romero MI. Robust cell migration and neuronal growth on pristine carbon nanotube sheets and yarns. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:1245-61. [DOI: 10.1163/156856207782177891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Galvan-Garcia
- a Regenerative Neurobiology Research Division, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward W. Keefer
- b Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8560, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8560, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- c Regenerative Neurobiology Research Division, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- d NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Shaoli Fang
- e NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Anvar A. Zakhidov
- f NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ray H. Baughman
- g NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Mario I Romero
- h Regenerative Neurobiology Research Division, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8560, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8560, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8560,
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159
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Serafino A, Togna AR, Togna GI, Lisi A, Ledda M, Grimaldi S, Russier J, Andreola F, Monthioux M, Béguin F, Marcaccio M, Rapino S, Paolucci F, Fiorito S. Highly electroconductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes as potentially useful tools for modulating calcium balancing in biological environments. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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160
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Zhao X, Liu R. Recent progress and perspectives on the toxicity of carbon nanotubes at organism, organ, cell, and biomacromolecule levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 40:244-255. [PMID: 22244841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A wide application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is on the way owing to their unique structural, optical, mechanical and electronic properties, high specific surface area, and facile functionalization. As a result, human beings will inevitably be exposed to CNTs, especially when the tubes are utilized as diagnostic and therapeutic tools to better understand, detect, and treat human diseases. Therefore the new subject of nanotoxicology, which is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials, is now gaining public concern. This review provides an overview and comments on recent advances (mostly within the last 3 years) in the toxicology of CNTs, including their toxicity targeted to cells, organs, tissues and the whole organism, including mammals and other species (e.g. aquatic species, plants, and bacteria). Not only these traditional subjects of toxicological study but the interaction of CNTs and biomacromolecules is also covered so that the mechanism of their toxicity may be understood and their undesirable properties are more likely to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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161
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Zhang Y, Yan B. Cell cycle regulation by carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes through p53-independent induction of p21 under the control of the BMP signaling pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1212-21. [PMID: 22428663 DOI: 10.1021/tx300059m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes how carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) induce p53-independent p21 expression and cell cycle arrest. MWCNTs suppress BMP signaling and lead to the downregulation of Id protein production and the upregulation of p21 because p21 expression is directly controlled by Id proteins through their regulation of the E-box motifs in the p21 promoter. The overexpressed p21 protein then binds to the cyclin D/cdk4,6 complexes and inhibits the phosphorylation of Rb protein. Hypophosphorylation of Rb prevents the release of E2F factors and causes cell cycle arrest. These findings provide valuable insight into a mechanistic understanding of carbon nanotubes' effects on cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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162
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Ponti J, Broggi F, Mariani V, De Marzi L, Colognato R, Marmorato P, Gioria S, Gilliland D, Pascual Garcìa C, Meschini S, Stringaro A, Molinari A, Rauscher H, Rossi F. Morphological transformation induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes on Balb/3T3 cell model as an in vitro end point of carcinogenic potential. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:221-33. [PMID: 22279961 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the toxicological effects of nude and chemically functionalised (-NH(2), -OH and -COOH groups) multiwall carbon nanotubes (mwCNTs) using immortalised mouse fibroblasts cell line (Balb/3T3) as in vitro model, alternative to the use of animals, to assess basal cytotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, genotoxicity and cell interaction of nanomaterials (NM). Combining in vitro tests such as cell transformation assay and micronucleus with physicochemical and topological analysis, we obtained results showing no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Carcinogenic potential and mwCNTs interaction with cells were instead evident. We stressed the importance that different toxicological end points have to be considered when studying NM, therefore, assays able to detect long-term effects, such as carcinogenicity, must be taken into account together with a panel of tests able to detect more immediate effects like basal cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Nanobiosciences Unit, Ispra, (VA), Italy.
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163
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Plonska-Brzezinska ME, Mazurczyk J, Palys B, Breczko J, Lapinski A, Dubis AT, Echegoyen L. Preparation and characterization of composites that contain small carbon nano-onions and conducting polyaniline. Chemistry 2012; 18:2600-8. [PMID: 22262451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small multilayer fullerenes, also known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs; 5-6 nm in diameter, 6-8 shells), show higher reactivity than other larger carbon nanostructures. Here we report the first example of an in situ polymerization of aniline on phenyleneamine-terminated CNO surfaces. The green, protonated, conducting emeraldine polyaniline (PANI) was directly synthesized on the surface of the CNO. The functionalized and soluble CNO/PANI composites were characterized by TEM, SEM, DSC, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the conducting CNO/PANI films were also investigated. In comparison with pristine CNOs, functionalized carbon nanostructures show dramatically improved solubility in protic solvents, thus enabling their easy processing for coatings, nanocomposites, and biomedical applications.
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164
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Nanocarriers as Nanomedicines. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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165
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Nanotoxicology and in vitro studies: The need of the hour. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:151-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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166
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Hadidi N, Hosseini Shirazi SF, Kobarfard F, Nafissi-Varchehd N, Aboofazeli R. Evaluation of the Effect of PEGylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Viability and Proliferation of Jurkat Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2012; 11:27-37. [PMID: 25317182 PMCID: PMC3876557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous nanosized drug delivery systems currently under investigation, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), regardless of being single or multiple-walled, offer several advantages and are considered as promising candidates for drug targeting. Despite the valuable potentials of CNTs in drug delivery, their toxicity still remains an important issue. After the PEGylation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with phospholipid-PEG (Pl-PEG) conjugates to prepare water-dispersible nanostructures, the present study was designed to evaluate whether the functionalization with Pl-PEG derivatives could alter the cytotoxic response of cells in culture, affect their viability and proliferation. In-vitro cytotoxicity screens were performed on cultured Jurkat cells. The SWCNTs samples used in this exposure were pristine SWCNTs, Pl-PEG 2000/5000-SWCNTs at various concentrations. Jurkat cells were first incubated for 3 h at 37°C with test materials and seeded in 6-well culture plates at a given concentration. The plates were then incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. Cell Viability and proliferation assay were performed using trypan blue exclusion test and the cell cycle kinetic status of Jurkat cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell morphology was finally studied using double staining technique and a fluorescence microscope. We found that, regardless of the duration of exposure, functionalized SWCNTs were substantially less toxic, compared to pure SWCNTs and that the molecular weight of Pl-PEGs played an important role at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our noncovalent protocol seemed to be effective for increasing SWCNTs biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of MedicalmSciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Farshad Hosseini Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Nafissi-Varchehd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Aboofazeli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of MedicalmSciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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167
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Nanomaterial-Based Antibacterial Paper. NANO-ANTIMICROBIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7124105 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24428-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial materials are widely used in everyday life and plays important roles in the public health system. There are a wide range of materials that have been known to prevent attachment and proliferation of microbes on material surfaces. These include antibiotics, metal ions and quaternary ammonium compounds. Given the availability of these various antibacterial materials, concerns about antibiotics-resistance, environmental pollution, relatively complex processing and high cost have been of much recent interest. Antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials have been explored to meet these challenges. Various nanomaterials including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), titanium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been found to be highly effective bacterial-killing materials. The most well-known examples are silver and silver-based compounds, which were well known to be antiseptic to a spectrum of bacterium even in ancient times. AgNPs have proven to possess high antibacterial activity with minimal perturbation to human cells. Consequently, widespread applications of AgNPs have been found in medical and environmental areas [1]. More recently, carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a type of novel antibacterial nanomaterials, including CNTs and graphene. In this chapter, we aim to provide a review on the fabrication of nanomaterials-based paper-like films and their antibacterial applications.
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168
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Pacurari M, Qian Y, Fu W, Schwegler-Berry D, Ding M, Castranova V, Guo NL. Cell permeability, migration, and reactive oxygen species induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in human microvascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:112-28. [PMID: 22129238 PMCID: PMC3230883 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.615110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have elicited great interest in biomedical applications due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, and optical properties. Intravenous administration of MWCNT-based medical imaging agents and drugs in animal models was utilized. However, the potential harmful health effects of MWCNT administration in humans have not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, to date, there are no apparent reports regarding the precise mechanisms of translocation of MWCNT into target tissues and organs from blood circulation. This study demonstrates that exposure to MWCNT leads to an increase in cell permeability in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). The results obtained from this study also showed that the MWCNT-induced rise in endothelial permeability is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and actin filament remodeling. In addition, it was found that MWCNT promoted cell migration in HMVEC. Mechanistically, MWCNT exposure elevated the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in HMVEC. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the bioreactivity of MWCNT, which may have implications in the biomedical application of MWCNT in vascular targeting, imaging, and drug delivery. The results generated from this study also elucidate the potential adverse effects of MWCNT exposure on humans at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacurari
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Y Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
- Corresponding authors: Nancy L. Guo, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center and Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, Tel: (304) 293-6455; Fax: (304) 293-4667; and Yong Qian, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, Tel: (304) 285-6286; Fax: (304) 285-5938;
| | - W Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - D Schwegler-Berry
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - M Ding
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - V Castranova
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - NL Guo
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Corresponding authors: Nancy L. Guo, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center and Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, Tel: (304) 293-6455; Fax: (304) 293-4667; and Yong Qian, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, Tel: (304) 285-6286; Fax: (304) 285-5938;
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Pacurari M, Qian Y, Fu W, Schwegler-Berry D, Ding M, Castranova V, Guo NL. Cell permeability, migration, and reactive oxygen species induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in human microvascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:129-147. [PMID: 22251262 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.625549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have elicited great interest in biomedical applications due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, and optical properties. Intravenous administration of MWCNT-based medical imaging agents and drugs in animal models was utilized. However, the potential harmful health effects of MWCNT administration in humans have not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, to date, there are no apparent reports regarding the precise mechanisms of translocation of MWCNT into target tissues and organs from blood circulation. This study demonstrates that exposure to MWCNT leads to an increase in cell permeability in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). The results obtained from this study also showed that the MWCNT-induced rise in endothelial permeability is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and actin filament remodeling. In addition, it was found that MWCNT promoted cell migration in HMVEC. Mechanistically, MWCNT exposure elevated the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in HMVEC. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the bioreactivity of MWCNT, which may have implications in the biomedical application of MWCNT in vascular targeting, imaging, and drug delivery. The results generated from this study also elucidate the potential adverse effects of MWCNT exposure on humans at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacurari
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300, USA
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170
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Saraceno R, Chiricozzi A, Gabellini M, Chimenti S. Emerging applications of nanomedicine in dermatology. Skin Res Technol 2011; 19:e13-9. [PMID: 22175818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology is a new branch of engineering consisting of the usage of nanoscale particles (100 nm and smaller). Nanomedicine is the application of nanoscale technologies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in medicine. Nanodermatology, nanotechnology applied to dermatology, represents one of the most advanced field for which an increasing interest, both economic and scientific, is rising. The skin is the first point of contact for a whole host of nanomaterials, ranging from topical preparations, articles of clothing and household products, to sporting goods and industrial manufactured goods. Applications of nanomedicine in dermatology include new direction in medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Gold nanoparticle, quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles are used in non-invasive nanoimaging of high-resolution dermoscopy, microscopy, nanopunch, and spectroscopy, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Nanotherapeutics has been considered in immunotherapy, genetherapy, and drug therapy. In drug therapy, because of size reduction or encapsulation of drug particles, the therapeutic potential of water insoluble and unstable drugs improve, and also facilitate the delivery of small molecules across blood, skin, nails, and pilosebaceous unit. AIMS To review therapeutic applications and benefits of nanomedicine in esthetic dermatology, treatment of malignancies, and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Saraceno
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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171
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Yuan J, Gao H, Sui J, Duan H, Chen WN, Ching CB. Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide on Human Hepatoma HepG2 cells: An iTRAQ-Coupled 2D LC-MS/MS Proteome Analysis. Toxicol Sci 2011; 126:149-61. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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172
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Wu D, Pak ES, Wingard CJ, Murashov AK. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes inhibit regenerative axon growth of dorsal root ganglia neurons of mice. Neurosci Lett 2011; 507:72-7. [PMID: 22172934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations have demonstrated that nanomaterials may be toxic to human tissue. While the ability of nano-scaled particulate matter is known to cause a range of problems in respiratory system, recent observations suggest that the nervous system may be vulnerable as well. In the current paper we asked whether exposure of primary neuronal cell cultures to nanoparticles might compromise regenerative axon growth. Regenerative response was triggered by performing a conditioning lesion of sciatic nerve five days prior to collection of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). DRG neurons were plated at a low density and incubated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0.1-10 μg/ml in 10% of surfactant in saline) overnight. The experiments showed that exposure of DRG cultures to MWCNT significantly impaired regenerative axonogenesis without concomitant cell death. These results indicate that MWNCTs may have detrimental effect on nerve regeneration and may potentially trigger axonal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd., Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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173
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Nerl HC, Cheng C, Goode AE, Bergin SD, Lich B, Gass M, Porter AE. Imaging methods for determining uptake and toxicity of carbon nanotubes in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:849-65. [PMID: 21793676 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is increasing rapidly in electrical, mechanical, and health and medical applications due to their thermal, electrical conductive and other properties. The continued commercial up-scaling of CNT production and application needs to be accompanied by an understanding of the occupational health, public safety and environmental implications of these materials. An increasing volume of literature on the toxicity of CNTs is being published; however, the results of these studies are frequently inconclusive. Due to the enormous number of permutations of nanoparticle shape, dimensions, composition and surface chemistry, only a fundamental understanding of the processes by which CNTs interact with cells will allow a realistic, practical assessment of the risks of the wide range of possible products. Alternatively, by understanding how the physicochemical properties of CNTs relate to their interaction with cells, it will be possible to design 'medical grade' CNTs, which can be used as diagnostic agents or as vectors to deliver therapeutic agents to cell and tissue targets. This article discusses the challenges associated with characterizing the toxicity of CNTs and the need for complimentary nanometrology techniques to relate their physicochemical properties to their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Nerl
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK
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174
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Yuan H, Hu S, Huang P, Song H, Wang K, Ruan J, He R, Cui D. Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exhibit Dual-Phase Regulation to Exposed Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:44. [PMID: 27502666 PMCID: PMC3211858 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we are the first to report that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll cells exposed to different concentration of SWCNTs. The mesophyll protoplasts were prepared by enzyme digestion, and incubated with 15, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml SWCNTs for 48 h, and then were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured. Partial protoplasts were stained with propidium iodide and 4'-6- diamidino-2-phenylindole, partial protoplasts were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SWCNTs, and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that SWCNTs could traverse both the plant cell wall and cell membrane, with less than or equal to 50 μg/ml in the culture medium, SWCNTs stimulated plant cells to grow out trichome clusters on their surface, with more than 50 μg/ml SWCNTs in the culture medium, SWCNTs exhibited obvious toxic effects to the protoplasts such as increasing generation of ROS, inducing changes of protoplast morphology, changing green leaves into yellow, and inducing protoplast cells' necrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, single walled carbon nanotubes can get through Arabidopsis mesophyll cell wall and membrane, and exhibit dose-dependent dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts such as low dose stimulating cell growth, and high dose inducing cells' ROS generation, necrosis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621002, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanglian Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621002, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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175
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Kim JS, Song KS, Lee JK, Choi YC, Bang IS, Kang CS, Yu IJ. Toxicogenomic comparison of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and asbestos. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:553-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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176
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Ding N, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y. Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 194:324-330. [PMID: 21872392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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177
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Li Y, Liu Y, Fu Y, Wei T, Le Guyader L, Gao G, Liu RS, Chang YZ, Chen C. The triggering of apoptosis in macrophages by pristine graphene through the MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2011; 33:402-11. [PMID: 22019121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology and the wide use of graphene, it has become necessary to assess the potential biological adverse effects of graphene. However, most of the recent publications are focused on various modified graphenes. We demonstrated biological effects of commercial pristine graphene in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, which is an important effector cells of the innate immune system. We found that the pristine graphene can induce cytotoxicity through the depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), then trigger apoptosis by activation of the mitochondrial pathway. The MAPKs (JNK, ERK and p38) as well as the TGF-beta-related signaling pathways were found to be activated in the pristine grapheme-treated cells, which activated Bim and Bax, two pro-apoptotic member of Bcl-2 protein family. Consequently, the caspase 3 and its downstream effector proteins such as PARP were activated and the execution of apoptosis was initiated. This study provides an insight for the suppression of the apoptosis induced by the graphene through the mitochondrial pathways, the MAPKs- and TGF-beta-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
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178
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Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes on human hepatoma HepG2 cells: an iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS proteome analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1820-7. [PMID: 22001959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and its derivatives are promising candidates for applications in electronics, energy, materials and biomedical areas. However, with the growing potential biomedical applications and the rising societal concerns on nanosafety, mechanistic understanding of the interactions between nanomaterials and living systems has become imperative. In the present study, our group applied the iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS approach to analyze the protein profile change of mammalian cells in response to SWCNTs. Specifically, the human hepatoma HepG2 cells were chosen as the in vitro model to study the potential cytotoxicity of SWCNTs on the vital organ of liver. Overall 51 differentially expressed proteins that involved in metabolic pathway, redox regulation, signaling pathway, cytoskeleton formation and cell growth were identified. We found SWCNTs triggered the up-regulation of metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins and proteins involved in redox regulation, which indicated SWCNTs could induce oxidative stress, perturb protein synthesis and interfere cellular metabolism. Our data also suggested that SWCNTs might induce the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, and finally lead to stress-induced apoptosis. The comparative protein profile obtained here provided molecular evidence on the cellular functions in response to SWCNTs, which should very useful to elucidate the cytotoxicity caused by those nanomaterials.
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179
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Boncel S, Müller KH, Skepper JN, Walczak KZ, Koziol KK. Tunable chemistry and morphology of multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a route to non-toxic, theranostic systems. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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180
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Lai DY. Toward toxicity testing of nanomaterials in the 21st century: a paradigm for moving forward. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 4:1-15. [PMID: 21965171 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A challenge-facing hazard identification and safety evaluation of engineered nanomaterials being introduced to market is the diversity and complexity of the types of materials with varying physicochemical properties, many of which can affect their toxicity by different mechanisms. In general, in vitro test systems have limited usefulness for hazard identification of nanoparticles due to various issues. Meanwhile, conducting chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies in rodents for every new nanomaterial introduced into the commerce is impractical if not impossible. New toxicity testing systems which rely on predictive, high-throughput technologies may be the ultimate goal of evaluating the potential hazard of nanomaterials. However, at present, this approach alone is unlikely to succeed in evaluating the toxicity of the wide array of nanomaterials and requires validation from in vivo studies. This article proposes a paradigm for toxicity testing and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of reference materials for specific nanomaterial classes/subclasses using short-term in vivo animal studies in conjunction with high-throughput screenings and mechanism-based short-term in vitro assays. The hazard potential of a particular nanomaterial can be evaluated by conducting only in vitro high-throughput assays and mechanistic studies and comparing the data with those of the reference materials in the specific class/subclass-an approach in line with the vision for 'Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century' of chemicals. With well-designed experiments, testing nanomaterials of varying/selected physicochemical parameters may be able to identify the physicochemical parameters contributing to toxicity. The data so derived could be used for the development of computer model systems to predict the hazard potential of specific nanoparticles based on property-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Lai
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Risk Assessment Division, Washington, DC, USA.
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181
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Herrmann IK, Urner M, Hasler M, Roth-Z’Graggen B, Aemisegger C, Baulig W, Athanassiou EK, Regenass S, Stark WJ, Beck-Schimmer B. Iron core/shell nanoparticles as magnetic drug carriers: possible interactions with the vascular compartment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1199-213. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Nanomagnets with metal cores have recently been shown to be promising candidates for magnetic drug delivery due to higher magnetic moments compared with commonly used metal oxides. Successful application strongly relies on a safe implementation that goes along with detailed knowledge of interactions and effects that nanomagnets might impart once entering the body. Materials & Methods: In this work, we put a particular focus on the interactions of ultra-strong metal nanomagnets (≥ three-times higher in magnetization compared with oxide nanoparticles) within the vascular compartment. Individual aspects of possible effects are addressed, including interactions with the coagulation cascade, the complement system, phagocytes and toxic or inflammatory reactions both by blood and endothelial cells in response to nanomagnet exposure. Results: We show that carbon-coated metal nanomagnets are well-tolerated by cells of the vascular compartment and have only minor effects on blood coagulation. Conclusion: These findings provide the fundament to initiate successful first in vivo evaluations opening metal nanomagnets with improved magnetic properties to fascinating applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K Herrmann
- Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Urner
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Hasler
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Roth-Z’Graggen
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner Baulig
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evagelos K Athanassiou
- Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Regenass
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinics for Immunology, Diagnostics AKI, Häldeliweg 4, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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182
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Depan D, Girase B, Shah JS, Misra RDK. Structure-process-property relationship of the polar graphene oxide-mediated cellular response and stimulated growth of osteoblasts on hybrid chitosan network structure nanocomposite scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3432-45. [PMID: 21664303 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We here describe the structure-process-property relationship of graphene oxide-mediated proliferation and growth of osteoblasts in conjunction with the physico-chemical, mechanical, and structural properties. Chitosan-graphene network structure scaffolds were synthesized by covalent linkage of the carboxyl groups of graphene oxide with the amine groups of chitosan. The negatively charged graphene oxide in chitosan scaffolds was an important physico-chemical factor influencing cell-scaffold interactions. Furthermore, it was advantageous in enhancing the biocompatibility of the scaffolds and the degradation products of the scaffolds. The high water retention ability, hydrophilic nature, and high degree of interconnectivity of the porous structure of chitosan-graphene oxide scaffolds facilitated cell attachment and proliferation and improved the stability against enzymatic degradation. The cells infiltrated and colonized the pores of the scaffolds and established cell-cell interactions. The interconnectivity of the porous structure of the scaffolds helps the flow of medium throughout the scaffold for even cell adhesion. Moreover, the seeded cells were able to infiltrate inside the pores of chitosan-graphene oxide scaffolds, suggesting that the incorporation of polar graphene oxide in scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Depan
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-4130, USA
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183
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Jiang C, Li L, Hao H. Carbon nanotube yarns for deep brain stimulation electrode. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2011; 19:612-6. [PMID: 21859605 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2011.2165733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new form of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode was proposed that was made of carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs). Electrode interface properties were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The CNTY electrode interface exhibited large charge storage capacity (CSC) of 12.3 mC/cm(2) which increased to 98.6 mC/cm(2) after acid treatment, compared with 5.0 mC/cm(2) of Pt-Ir. Impedance spectrum of both untreated and treated CNTY electrodes showed that finite diffusion process occurred at the interface due to their porous structure and charge was delivered through capacitive mechanism. To evaluate stability electrical stimulus was exerted for up to 72 h and CV and EIS results of CNTY electrodes revealed little alteration. Therefore CNTY could make a good electrode material for DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Jiang
- Institute of Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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184
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Yang K, Qin W, Tang H, Tan L, Xie Q, Ma M, Zhang Y, Yao S. Polyamidoamine dendrimer-functionalized carbon nanotubes-mediated GFP gene transfection for HeLa cells: effects of different types of carbon nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:231-9. [PMID: 21976448 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three types of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-functionalized single and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT-PAMAM-1, MWCNT-PAMAM-2, and SWCNT-PAMAM-3), were prepared by covalent linkage approach. The micro-morphologies of the three f-CNTs and the interaction of MWCNT-PAMAM-2 with HeLa cells were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The free amine groups on the surface of the three types of CNTs-PAMAM hybrids were quantitatively analyzed. Their cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA of enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-N1) to HeLa cells were investigated in detail. The results suggest that although all three types of CNTs-PAMAM hybrids can deliver pEGFP-N1 into HeLa cells and the exogenous GFP gene has been successfully expressed, MWCNT-PAMAM-2 with shorter length and larger amount of free amine groups on its surface possesses higher transfection efficiency (6.79%), being about 3.0 and 1.7 times as large as those of MWCNT-PAMAM-1 (2.24%) and SWCNT-PAMAM-3 (4.08%), respectively; their cytotoxicity to HeLa cells decrease following the sequence of SWCNT-PAMAM-3 > MWCNT-PAMAM-2 > MWCNT-PAMAM-1. These results may be useful for understanding the effects of the chemical/physical properties of f-CNTs on their gene transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, allowing for construction of promising CNT-based intracellular delivery vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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185
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Poma A, Di Giorgio ML. Toxicogenomics to improve comprehension of the mechanisms underlying responses of in vitro and in vivo systems to nanomaterials: a review. Curr Genomics 2011; 9:571-85. [PMID: 19516964 PMCID: PMC2694561 DOI: 10.2174/138920208786847962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. Such materials typically possess nanostructure-dependent properties (e.g., chemical, mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, biological), which make them desiderable for commercial or medical application. However, these same properties may potentially lead to nanostructure-dependent biological activity that differs from and is not directly predicted by the bulk properties of the constitutive chemicals and compounds. Nanoparticles and nanomaterials can be on the same scale of living cells components, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and cellular organelles. When considering nanoparticles it must be asked how man-made nanostructures can interact with or influence biological systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an example of carbon-based nanomaterial, which has won a huge spreading in nanotechnology. The incorporation of CNTs in living systems has raised many concerns because of their hydrophobicity and tendency to aggregate and accumulate into cells, organs, and tissues with dangerous effects. Applications of toxicogenomics to both investigative and predictive toxicology will contribute to the in-depth investigation of molecular mechanisms or the mode of nanomaterials action that is achieved by using conventional toxicological approaches. Parallel toxicogenomic technologies will promote a valuable platform for the development of biomarkers, in order to predict possible nanomaterial's toxicity. The potential of characteristic gene expression profiles ("fingerprint") of exposure or toxicological response to nanoparticles will be discussed in the review to enhance comprehension of the molecular mechanism of in vivo and in vitro system exposed to nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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186
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Pan H, Lin YJ, Li MW, Chuang HN, Chou CC. Aquatic toxicity assessment of single-walled carbon nanotubes using zebrafish embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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187
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Gu N, Wang J. Effects of DMSA-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on global gene expression of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:130-9. [PMID: 21641980 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) are considered to be a promising nanomaterial with biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs on the expression of all identified mouse genes, which regulate various cellular biological processes, were determined to establish whether this nanoparticle is cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated with 100μg/ml of DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs for 4, 24 and 48h, and the global gene expression was detected via Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 GeneChips(®) microarrays. It was found that gene expression of 711, 545 and 434 transcripts was significantly altered by 4-, 24- and 48-h treatments, respectively. Of these genes, 27 were consistently upregulated and 6 were consistently downregulated at the three treatment durations. Bioinformatic analysis of all differentially expressed genes revealed that this nanoparticle can strongly activate inflammatory and immune responses and can inhibit the biosynthesis and metabolism of RAW264.7 cells at a dose of 100μg/ml. These results demonstrated that DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs display cytotoxicity in this type of macrophage at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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188
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Di Giorgio ML, Bucchianico SD, Ragnelli AM, Aimola P, Santucci S, Poma A. Effects of single and multi walled carbon nanotubes on macrophages: Cyto and genotoxicity and electron microscopy. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 722:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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189
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Global gene response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to silver nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:1278-91. [PMID: 21409410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), exhibiting a broad size range and morphologies with highly reactive facets, which are widely applicable in real-life but not fully verified for biosafety and ecotoxicity, were subjected to report transcriptome profile in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A large number of genes accounted for ∼3% and ∼5% of the genome affected by AgNPs and Ag-ions, respectively. Principal component and cluster analysis suggest that the different physical forms of Ag were the major cause in differential expression profile. Among 90 genes affected by both AgNPs and Ag-ions, metalloprotein mediating high resistance to copper (CUP1-1 and CUP1-2) were strongly induced by AgNPs (∼45-folds) and Ag-ions (∼22-folds), respectively. A total of 17 genes, responsive to chemical stimuli, stress, and transport processes, were differentially induced by AgNPs. The differential expression was also seen with Ag-ions that affected 73 up- and 161 down-regulating genes, and most of these were involved in ion transport and homeostasis. This study provides new information on the knowledge for impact of nanoparticles on living microorganisms that can be extended to other nanoparticles.
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190
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Mahmoudi M, Azadmanesh K, Shokrgozar MA, Journeay WS, Laurent S. Effect of Nanoparticles on the Cell Life Cycle. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3407-32. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1003166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | | | - W. Shane Journeay
- Nanotechnology Toxicology Consulting & Training, Inc., Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medical School, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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191
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Ke PC, Lamm MH. A biophysical perspective of understanding nanoparticles at large. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7273-83. [PMID: 21394374 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present a biophysical perspective that describes the fate of nanoparticles in both the aqueous phase and in living systems. Specifically, we show the correlations between the physicochemistry of fullerenes and their uptake, translocation, transformation, transport, and biodistribution in mammalian and plant systems, at the molecular, cellular, and whole organism level. In addition to fullerenes and their structural derivatives, we describe the biological and environmental implications and applications of the condensed matter of carbon nanotubes and quantum dots, and the soft condensed matter of plastic and dendrimers. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the vast opportunities and unique advantages of applying experimental and simulation biophysics to the nascent research field of understanding nanoparticles at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chun Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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192
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Guo YY, Zhang J, Zheng YF, Yang J, Zhu XQ. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Mutat Res 2011; 721:184-91. [PMID: 21296185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have multiple applications in various areas. However, it has been suggested that exposure to nanoparticles may be a risk for the development of vascular diseases due to injury and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. Therefore, in the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Optical and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) study showed that MWCNTs were able to enter cells rapidly, distribute in the cytoplasm and intracellular vesicles and induce morphological changes. Exposure to MWCNTs reduced the viability of HUVECs, and induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Furthermore, MWCNTs could cause DNA damage as indicated by the formation of γH2AX foci. MWCNTs also affected cellular redox status, e.g., increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as altering superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels. On the other hand, the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) preincubation can inhibit the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of MWCNTs. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MWCNTs could induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in HUVECs, probably through oxidative damage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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193
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Yan L, Zhao F, Li S, Hu Z, Zhao Y. Low-toxic and safe nanomaterials by surface-chemical design, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:362-382. [PMID: 21157592 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity grade for a bulk material can be approximately determined by three factors (chemical composition, dose, and exposure route). However, for a nanomaterial it depends on more than ten factors. Interestingly, some nano-factors (like huge surface adsorbability, small size, etc.) that endow nanomaterials with new biomedical functions are also potential causes leading to toxicity or damage to the living organism. Is it possible to create safe nanomaterials if such a number of complicated factors need to be regulated? We herein try to find answers to this important question. We first discuss chemical processes that are applicable for nanosurface modifications, in order to improve biocompatibility, regulate ADME, and reduce the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes). Then the biological/toxicological effects of surface-modified and unmodified carbon nanomaterials are comparatively discussed from two aspects: the lowered toxic responses or the enhanced biomedical functions. We summarize the eight biggest challenges in creating low-toxicity and safer nanomaterials and some significant topics of future research needs: to find out safer nanofactors; to establish controllable surface modifications and simpler chemistries for low-toxic nanomaterials; to explore the nanotoxicity mechanisms; to justify the validity of current toxicological theories in nanotoxicology; to create standardized nanomaterials for toxicity tests; to build theoretical models for cellular and molecular interactions of nanoparticles; and to establish systematical knowledge frameworks for nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing, 100049, China
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194
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Wang J, Sun P, Bao Y, Liu J, An L. Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes on PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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195
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are remarkable materials with a simple and inert molecular structure that gives rise to a range of potentially valuable physical and electronic properties, including high aspect ratio, high mechanical strength and excellent electrical conductivity. This review summarizes recent research on the application of CNT-based materials to study and control cells of the nervous system. It includes the use of CNT as cell culture substrates, to create patterned surfaces and to study cell-matrix interactions. It also summarizes recent investigations of CNT toxicity, particularly as related to neural cells. The application of CNT-based materials to directing the differentiation of progenitor and stem cells toward neural lineages is also discussed. The emphasis is on how CNT surface chemistry and nanotopography can be altered, and how such changes can affect neural cell function. This knowledge can be applied to creating improved neural interfaces and devices, as well as providing new approaches to neural tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Voge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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196
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Johnston HJ, Hutchison GR, Christensen FM, Peters S, Hankin S, Aschberger K, Stone V. A critical review of the biological mechanisms underlying the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: The contribution of physico-chemical characteristics. Nanotoxicology 2011; 4:207-46. [PMID: 20795897 DOI: 10.3109/17435390903569639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This critical review of the available human health safety data, relating to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), was conducted in order to assess the risks associated with CNT exposure. Determining the toxicity related to CNT exploitation is of great relevance and importance due to the increased potential for human exposure to CNTs within occupational, environmental and consumer settings. When this information is combined with knowledge on the likely exposure levels of humans to CNTs, it will enable risk assessments to be conducted to assess the risks posed to human health. CNTs are a diverse group of materials and vary with regards to their wall number (single and multi-walled CNTs are evident), length, composition, and surface chemistry. The attributes of CNTs that were identified as being most likely to drive the observed toxicity have been considered, and include CNT length, metal content, tendency to aggregate/agglomerate and surface chemistry. Of particular importance, is the contribution of the fibre paradigm to CNT toxicity, whereby the length of CNTs appears to be critical to their toxic potential. Mechanistic processes that are critical to CNT toxicity will also be discussed, with the findings insinuating that CNTs can exert an oxidative response that stimulates inflammatory, genotoxic and cytotoxic consequences. Consequently, it may transpire that a common mechanism is responsible for driving CNT toxicity, despite the fact that CNTs are a diverse population of materials. The similarity of the structure of CNTs to that of asbestos has prompted concern surrounding the exposure of humans, and so the applicability of the fibre paradigm to CNTs will be evaluated. It is also necessary to determine the systemic availability of CNTs following exposure, to determine where potential targets of toxicity are, and to thereby direct in vitro investigations within the most appropriate target cells. CNTs are therefore a group of materials whose useful exploitable properties prompts their increased production and utilization within diverse applications, so that ensuring their safety is of vital importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinor J Johnston
- Centre for Nano Safety, School of Life Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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197
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UO M, AKASAKA T, WATARI F, SATO Y, TOHJI K. Toxicity evaluations of various carbon nanomaterials. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:245-63. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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198
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Akhavan O, Abdolahad M, Abdi Y, Mohajerzadeh S. Silver nanoparticles within vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes with open tips for antibacterial purposes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Sun JT, Hong CY, Pan CY. Surface modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different methods for modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers are summarized, and recent development is highlighted by discussing some representative examples in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Tong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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200
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Feng H, Qian Z, Wang C, Chen C, Chen J. Tuning the energy barrier of water exchange reactions on Al(iii) by interaction with the single-walled carbon nanotubes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4183-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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