151
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Pan W, Yang H, Li N, Yang L, Tang B. Simultaneous Visualization of Multiple mRNAs and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Living Cells Using a Fluorescence Nanoprobe. Chemistry 2015; 21:6070-3. [PMID: 25752514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of multiple tumour markers is of great significance for improving the accuracy of early cancer detection. In this study, a fluorescence nanoprobe has been prepared that can simultaneously monitor and visualize multiple mRNAs and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in living cells. Confocal fluorescence imaging results indicate that the nanoprobe could effectively distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells even if one tumour maker of normal cells was overexpressed. Furthermore, it can detect changes in the expression levels of mRNAs and MMPs in living cells. The current approach could provide new tools for early cancer detection and monitoring the changes in expression levels of biomarkers during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 (P.R. China)
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152
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Randeria PS, Jones MR, Kohlstedt KL, Banga RJ, Olvera de la Cruz M, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA. What controls the hybridization thermodynamics of spherical nucleic acids? J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3486-9. [PMID: 25738968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hybridization of free oligonucleotides to densely packed, oriented arrays of DNA modifying the surfaces of spherical nucleic acid (SNA)-gold nanoparticle conjugates occurs with negative cooperativity; i.e., each binding event destabilizes subsequent binding events. DNA hybridization is thus an ever-changing function of the number of strands already hybridized to the particle. Thermodynamic quantification of this behavior reveals a 3 orders of magnitude decrease in the binding constant for the capture of a free oligonucleotide by an SNA conjugate as the fraction of pre-hybridized strands increases from 0 to ∼30%. Increasing the number of pre-hybridized strands imparts an increasing enthalpic penalty to hybridization that makes binding more difficult, while simultaneously decreasing the entropic penalty to hybridization, which makes binding more favorable. Hybridization of free DNA to an SNA is thus governed by both an electrostatic barrier as the SNA accumulates charge with additional binding events and an effect consistent with allostery, where hybridization at certain sites on an SNA modify the binding affinity at a distal site through conformational changes to the remaining single strands. Leveraging these insights allows for the design of conjugates that hybridize free strands with significantly higher efficiencies, some of which approach 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S Randeria
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Resham J Banga
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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153
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Posch C, Latorre A, Crosby MB, Celli A, Latorre A, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Green GA, Weier J, Zekhtser M, Ma J, Monico G, Char DH, Jusufbegovic D, Rappersberger K, Somoza Á, Ortiz-Urda S. Detection of GNAQ mutations and reduction of cell viability in uveal melanoma cells with functionalized gold nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:15. [PMID: 25653058 PMCID: PMC4586106 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Early treatment may improve any chances of preventing metastatic disease, but diagnosis of small UM is challenging. Up to 95 % of all UMs carry somatic mutations in the G-coupled proteins GNAQ and GNA11 promoting anchorage-independent growth and proliferation. About 50 % of UMs are fatal. Once metastatic, patients have limited options for successful therapy. METHODS We have developed functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to visualize transcripts of mutant GNAQ mRNA in living cells. In addition to their suitability as a specific tool for GNAQ mutation detection, we have developed a novel linker that enables conjugation of siRNAs to AuNPs allowing for greater and more rapid intracellular release of siRNAs compared to previously described approaches. RESULTS Binding of modified AuNPs to matching target mRNA leads to conformational changes, resulting in a detectable fluorescent signal that can be used for mutation detection in living cells. Knockdown of GNAQ with siRNA-AuNPs effectively reduced downstream signals and decreased cell viability in GNAQ mutant uveal melanoma cells. CONCLUSION AuNPs may in future be developed to serve as sensors for mutations of vital importance. The new release system for siRNA-AuNP improves previous systems, which conceivably will be useful for future therapeutic gene regulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115, San Francisco, CA, USA,
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154
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Bédard M, Avti PK, Lam T, Rouleau L, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Conjugation of multivalent ligands to gold nanoshells and designing a dual modality imaging probe. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1788-1800. [PMID: 32262252 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of branched tetraethylene glycol (TEG) based ligands for subsequent conjugation to gold nanoshells are reported. TEG enhances the aqueous solubility of hollow gold nanoshells (HAuNShs), and the branched architecture provides stability. An examination of the supernatant of the surface displacement reaction shows that the structure of the ligand plays an important role in the functionalization of HAuNShs. The binding of multivalent ligands leads to rupturing of the gold nanoshell architecture; most probably due to the large dendron not compensating the replacement of small citrate capping agents. The construction of a probe with dual imaging capabilities is demonstrated by covalent linking of a dendron containing Cy5.5A dye to gold nanoshells. It leads to fluorescence quenching of Cy5.5A by the gold nanoshells, as evidenced in solution and in cellular internalization studies with J774 and bEnd.3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bédard
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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155
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Randeria PS, Briley WE, Chinen AB, Guan CM, Petrosko SH, Mirkin CA. Nanoflares as probes for cancer diagnostics. Cancer Treat Res 2015; 166:1-22. [PMID: 25895862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients whose cancer is detected early are much more likely to have a positive prognosis and outcome. Nanoflares hold promise as a practical diagnostic platform for the early detection of cancer markers in living cells. These probes are based on spherical nucleic acid (SNAs) and are typically composed of gold nanoparticle cores and densely packed and highly oriented oligonucleotide shells; these sequences are complementary to specific mRNA targets and are hybridized to fluorophore-labeled reporter strands. Nanoflares take advantage of the highly efficient fluorescence quenching properties of gold, the rapid cellular uptake of SNAs that occurs without the use of transfection agents, and the enzymatic stability of such constructs to report a highly sensitive and specific signal in the presence of intracellular target mRNA. In this chapter, we will focus on the synthesis, characterization, and diagnostic applications of nanoflares as they relate to cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S Randeria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Sheridan Road, 2145, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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156
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Merkle FT, Eggan K. Modeling human disease with pluripotent stem cells: from genome association to function. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 12:656-68. [PMID: 23746975 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into human disease may enable the development of treatments that are effective in broad patient populations. The confluence of gene-editing technologies, induced pluripotent stem cells, and genome-wide association as well as DNA sequencing studies is enabling new approaches for illuminating the molecular basis of human disease. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of combining these technologies and provide a workflow for interrogating the contribution of disease-associated candidate genetic variants to disease-relevant phenotypes. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of human pluripotent stem cells for placing disease-associated genetic variants into molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian T Merkle
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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157
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Huang J, He Y, Yang X, Wang K, Ying L, Quan K, Yang Y, Yin B. I-motif-based nano-flares for sensing pH changes in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15768-71. [PMID: 25370524 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report an intracellular probe termed i-motif-based nano-flares. They could sense pH change in a live cell since they combine cellular transfection, enzymatic protection, and pH detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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158
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Su X, Kuang L, Battle C, Shaner T, Mitchell B, Fink MJ, Jayawickramarajah J. Mild two-step method to construct DNA-conjugated silicon nanoparticles: scaffolds for the detection of microRNA-21. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1739-43. [PMID: 25243490 PMCID: PMC4198101 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel two-step method, starting from bulk silicon wafers, to construct DNA conjugated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). This method first utilizes reactive high-energy ball milling (RHEBM) to obtain alkene grafted SiNPs. The alkene moieties are subsequently reacted with commercially available thiol-functionalized DNA via thiol-ene click chemistry to produce SiNP DNA conjugates wherein the DNA is attached through a covalent thioether bond. Further, to show the utility of this synthetic strategy, we illustrate how these SiNP ODN conjugates can detect cancer-associated miR-21 via a fluorescence ON strategy. Given that an array of biological molecules can be prepared with thiol termini and that SiNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, we envision that this synthetic protocol will find utility in salient SiNP systems for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Su
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Cooper Battle
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ted Shaner
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brian
S. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Mark J. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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159
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Rouge JL, Hao L, Wu XA, Briley WE, Mirkin CA. Spherical nucleic acids as a divergent platform for synthesizing RNA-nanoparticle conjugates through enzymatic ligation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8837-43. [PMID: 25144723 PMCID: PMC4174098 DOI: 10.1021/nn503601s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a rapid, divergent method for using spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) as a universal platform for attaching RNA to DNA-modified nanoparticles using enzyme-mediated techniques. This approach provides a sequence-specific method for the covalent attachment of one or more in vitro transcribed RNAs to a universal SNA scaffold, regardless of RNA sequence. The RNA-nanoparticle constructs are shown to effectively knock down two different gene targets using a single, dual-ligated nanoparticle construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Rouge
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Liangliang Hao
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Xiaochen A. Wu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - William E. Briley
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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160
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Daraee H, Eatemadi A, Abbasi E, Fekri Aval S, Kouhi M, Akbarzadeh A. Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedical and drug delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:410-22. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.955107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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161
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Yang B, Zhang XB, Kang LP, Huang ZM, Shen GL, Yu RQ, Tan W. Intelligent layered nanoflare: "lab-on-a-nanoparticle" for multiple DNA logic gate operations and efficient intracellular delivery. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8990-8996. [PMID: 24969570 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA strand displacement cascades have been engineered to construct various fascinating DNA circuits. However, biological applications are limited by the insufficient cellular internalization of naked DNA structures, as well as the separated multicomponent feature. In this work, these problems are addressed by the development of a novel DNA nanodevice, termed intelligent layered nanoflare, which integrates DNA computing at the nanoscale, via the self-assembly of DNA flares on a single gold nanoparticle. As a "lab-on-a-nanoparticle", the intelligent layered nanoflare could be engineered to perform a variety of Boolean logic gate operations, including three basic logic gates, one three-input AND gate, and two complex logic operations, in a digital non-leaky way. In addition, the layered nanoflare can serve as a programmable strategy to sequentially tune the size of nanoparticles, as well as a new fingerprint spectrum technique for intelligent multiplex biosensing. More importantly, the nanoflare developed here can also act as a single entity for intracellular DNA logic gate delivery, without the need of commercial transfection agents or other auxiliary carriers. By incorporating DNA circuits on nanoparticles, the presented layered nanoflare will broaden the applications of DNA circuits in biological systems, and facilitate the development of DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
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162
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Banga R, Chernyak N, Narayan SP, Nguyen ST, Mirkin CA. Liposomal spherical nucleic acids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9866-9. [PMID: 24983505 PMCID: PMC4280063 DOI: 10.1021/ja504845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of metal-free spherical nucleic acid nanostructures was synthesized from readily available starting components. These particles consist of 30 nm liposomal cores, composed of an FDA-approved 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid monomer. The surface of the liposomes was functionalized with DNA strands modified with a tocopherol tail that intercalates into the phospholipid layer of the liposomal core via hydrophobic interactions. The spherical nucleic acid architecture not only stabilizes these constructs but also facilitates cellular internalization and gene regulation in SKOV-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham
J. Banga
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Natalia Chernyak
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Suguna P. Narayan
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical
and Biological
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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163
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Latorre A, Posch C, Garcimartín Y, Celli A, Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Ma J, Zekhtser M, Rappersberger K, Ortiz-Urda S, Somoza Á. DNA and aptamer stabilized gold nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7436-7442. [PMID: 24882040 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be used as carriers of a variety of therapeutics. Ideally, drugs are released in the target cells in response to cell specific intracellular triggers. In this study, GNPs are loaded with doxorubicin or AZD8055, using a self-immolative linker which facilitates the release of anticancer therapeutics in malignant cells without modifications of the active compound. An additional modification with the aptamer AS1411 further increases the selectivity of GNPs towards cancer cells. Both modifications increase targeted delivery of therapeutics with GNPs. Whereas GNPs without anticancer drugs do not affect cell viability in all cells tested, AS1411 modified GNPs loaded with doxorubicin or AZD8055 show significant and increased reduction of cell viability in breast cancer and uveal melanoma cell lines. These results highlight that modified GNPs can be functionalized to increase the efficacy of cancer therapeutics and may further reduce toxicity by increasing targeted delivery towards malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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164
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Mathematical modeling of functionalized-microsphere based assays for rapid DNA detection: From sample preparation to results. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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165
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Lee K, Cui Y, Lee LP, Irudayaraj J. Quantitative imaging of single mRNA splice variants in living cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:474-80. [PMID: 24747838 PMCID: PMC4426190 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing is a fundamental process of gene regulation, and errors in RNA splicing are known to be associated with a variety of different diseases. However, there is currently a lack of quantitative technologies for monitoring mRNA splice variants in cells. Here, we show that a combination of plasmonic dimer probes and hyperspectral imaging can be used to detect and quantify mRNA splice variants in living cells. The probes are made from gold nanoparticles functionalized with oligonucleotides and can hybridize to specific mRNA sequences, forming nanoparticle dimers that exhibit distinct spectral shifts due to plasmonic coupling. With this approach, we show that the spatial and temporal distribution of three selected splice variants of the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, can be monitored at single-copy resolution by measuring the hybridization dynamics of the nanoplasmonic dimers. Our study provides insights into RNA and its transport in living cells, which could improve our understanding of cellular protein complexes, pharmacogenomics, genetic diagnosis and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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166
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Wu X, Choi CHJ, Zhang C, Hao L, Mirkin CA. Intracellular fate of spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7726-33. [PMID: 24841494 PMCID: PMC4046773 DOI: 10.1021/ja503010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticle conjugates are a class of bionanomaterials that are extremely potent in many biomedical applications. Their unique ability to enter multiple mammalian cell types as single-entity agents arises from their novel three-dimensional architecture, which consists of a dense shell of highly oriented oligonucleotides chemically attached typically to a gold nanoparticle core. This architecture allows SNAs to engage certain cell surface receptors to facilitate entry. Here, we report studies aimed at determining the intracellular fate of SNAs and the trafficking events that occur inside C166 mouse endothelial cells after cellular entry. We show that SNAs traffic through the endocytic pathway into late endosomes and reside there for up to 24 h after incubation. Disassembly of oligonucleotides from the nanoparticle core is observed 16 h after cellular entry, most likely due to degradation by enzymes such as DNase II localized in late endosomes. Our observations point to these events being likely independent of core composition and treatment conditions, and they do not seem to be particularly dependent upon oligonucleotide sequence. Significantly and surprisingly, the SNAs do not enter the lysosomes under the conditions studied. To independently track the fate of the particle core and the fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides that comprise its shell, we synthesized a novel class of quantum dot SNAs to determine that as the SNA structures are broken down over the 24 h time course of the experiment, the oligonucleotide fragments are recycled out of the cell while the nanoparticle core is not. This mechanistic insight points to the importance of designing and synthesizing next-generation SNAs that can bypass the degradation bottleneck imposed by their residency in late endosomes, and it also suggests that such structures might be extremely useful for endosomal signaling pathways by engaging receptors that are localized within the endosome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuan Zhang
- International Institute for
Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Liangliang Hao
- International Institute for
Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- International Institute for
Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
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167
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Rush AM, Nelles DA, Blum AP, Barnhill SA, Tatro ET, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Intracellular mRNA regulation with self-assembled locked nucleic acid polymer nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7615-8. [PMID: 24827740 PMCID: PMC4046771 DOI: 10.1021/ja503598z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We present an untemplated,
single-component antisense oligonucleotide
delivery system capable of regulating mRNA abundance in live human
cells. While most approaches to nucleic acid delivery rely on secondary
carriers and complex multicomponent charge-neutralizing formulations,
we demonstrate efficient delivery using a simple locked nucleic acid
(LNA)-polymer conjugate that assembles into spherical micellar nanoparticles
displaying a dense shell of nucleic acid at the surface. Cellular
uptake of soft LNA nanoparticles occurs rapidly within minutes as
evidenced by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly,
these LNA nanoparticles knockdown survivin mRNA, an established target
for cancer therapy, in a sequence-specific fashion as analyzed by
RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Rush
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, §Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, ∥Department of Psychiatry, ⊥Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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168
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Lin LS, Cong ZX, Cao JB, Ke KM, Peng QL, Gao J, Yang HH, Liu G, Chen X. Multifunctional Fe₃O₄@polydopamine core-shell nanocomposites for intracellular mRNA detection and imaging-guided photothermal therapy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3876-83. [PMID: 24654734 PMCID: PMC4564054 DOI: 10.1021/nn500722y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites have the potential to integrate sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic functions into a single nanostructure. Herein, we synthesize Fe3O4@polydopamine core-shell nanocomposites (Fe3O4@PDA NCs) through an in situ self-polymerization method. Dopamine, a melanin-like mimic of mussel adhesive proteins, can self-polymerize to form surface-adherent polydopamine (PDA) films onto a wide range of materials including Fe3O4 nanoparticles used here. In such nanocomposites, PDA provides a number of advantages, such as near-infrared absorption, high fluorescence quenching efficiency, and a surface for further functionalization with biomolecules. We demonstrate the ability of the Fe3O4@PDA NCs to act as theranostic agents for intracellular mRNA detection and multimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy. This work would stimulate interest in the use of PDA as a useful material to construct multifunctional nanocomposites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sen Lin
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhong-Xiao Cong
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai-Mei Ke
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiao-Li Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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169
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Kang KA, Wang J. Smart dual-mode fluorescent gold nanoparticle agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:398-409. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung A. Kang
- Chemical Engineering Department; University of Louisville; Louisville KY USA
| | - Jianting Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2234 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building; University of Maryland; College Park MD USA
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170
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Nanoparticle-based detection of cancer-associated RNA. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:384-97. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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171
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Cao-Milán R, Liz-Marzán LM. Gold nanoparticle conjugates: recent advances toward clinical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:741-52. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.891582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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172
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Lu L, Qian Y, Wang L, Ma K, Zhang Y. Metal-enhanced fluorescence-based core-shell Ag@SiO₂ nanoflares for affinity biosensing via target-induced structure switching of aptamer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1944-50. [PMID: 24480015 DOI: 10.1021/am4049942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) technology is the achievement of distance modulation with nanometer accuracy between the fluorophore and metal surface to obtain maximum enhancement. We propose an MEF-based core-shell Ag@SiO2 nanoflare for distance control via the thickness of silica shell with cooperation of DNA hybridization. The nanoflare contains a 50 nm spherical silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) core, a 8 nm silica shell, and cyanine (Cy5)-labeled aptamer hybridized with a complementary DNA (cDNA) immobilized onto the shell surface. The formation of the Cy5-labeled aptamer/cDNA duplex on the Ag@SiO2 NP surface results in the confinement of Cy5 to the shell surface and an increase in the fluorescence of Cy5 with a 32-fold enhancement factor in bulk solution (signal-on). In the presence of affinity-binding targets, the Cy5-labeled aptamers confined onto the Ag@SiO2 NP surface dissociate from their cDNA into the solution because of structure switching. The target-induced release of aptamer leads to a reduction in the enhanced fluorescence signal of the labeled Cy5 moiety (signal-off). Thus, the nanoflare can be used as a sensor for target recognition. Using adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) aptamer, detection of ATP has a linear response from 0 to 0.5 mM and a detection limit of 8 μM. With various types of DNA probes immobilized onto the core-shell Ag@SiO2 NPs, the MEF-based nanoflare has provided an effective platform for the detection and quantification of a broad range of analytes, such as mRNA regulation and detection, cell sorting, and gene profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, China
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173
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Alhasan AH, Patel PC, Choi CHJ, Mirkin CA. Exosome encased spherical nucleic acid gold nanoparticle conjugates as potent microRNA regulation agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:186-92. [PMID: 24106176 PMCID: PMC3947239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of naturally occurring nanomaterials that play crucial roles in the protection and transport of endogenous macromolecules, such as microRNA and mRNA, over long distances. Intense effort is underway to exploit the use of exosomes to deliver synthetic therapeutics. Herein, transmission electron microscopy is used to show that when spherical nucleic acid (SNA) constructs are endocytosed into PC-3 prostate cancer cells, a small fraction of them (<1%) can be naturally sorted into exosomes. The exosome-encased SNAs are secreted into the extracellular environment from which they can be isolated and selectively re-introduced into the cell type from which they were derived. In the context of anti-miR21 experiments, the exosome-encased SNAs knockdown miR-21 target by approximately 50%. Similar knockdown of miR-21 by free SNAs requires a ≈3000-fold higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Alhasan
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Pinal C. Patel
- AuraSense Therapeutics, LLC, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Suite 410, Skokie, IL 60077
| | - Chung Hang J. Choi
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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174
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Wang K, Huang J, Yang X, He X, Liu J. Recent advances in fluorescent nucleic acid probes for living cell studies. Analyst 2014; 138:62-71. [PMID: 23154215 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Living cell studies can offer tremendous opportunities for biological and disease studies. Due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, minimum interference with living biological systems, ease of design and synthesis, fluorescent nucleic acid probes (FNAPs) have been widely used in living cell studies, such as for intracellular detection, cell detection, and cell-to-cell communication. Here, we review the general requirements and the recent developments in FNAPs for living cell studies. We broadly classify these designs as hybridization probes and aptamer probes. For hybridization probes, we describe recently developed designs, such as nanomaterial-based and amplification-based hybridization probes. For aptamer probes, we discuss four general paradigms that have appeared most frequently in the literature: nanomaterial-based, nanomachine-based, cell surface-anchored and activatable aptamer probe designs in vivo. FNAPs promise to open up new and exciting opportunities in biological marks detection for a wide range of biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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175
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Peixoto de Almeida M, Pereira E, Baptista P, Gomes I, Figueiredo S, Soares L, Franco R. Gold Nanoparticles as (Bio)Chemical Sensors. GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63285-2.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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176
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Bujold KE, Fakhoury J, Edwardson TGW, Carneiro KMM, Briard JN, Godin AG, Amrein L, Hamblin GD, Panasci LC, Wiseman PW, Sleiman HF. Sequence-responsive unzipping DNA cubes with tunable cellular uptake profiles. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a new approach for the design and assembly of a dynamic DNA cube with an addressable cellular uptake profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Bujold
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Johans Fakhoury
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas G. W. Edwardson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Karina M. M. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Joel Neves Briard
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Lilian Amrein
- Department of Oncology
- Jewish General Hospital
- Montréal, Canada
| | - Graham D. Hamblin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physics
- McGill University
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS)
- McGill University
- Montréal, Canada
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177
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Dhakal S, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA, Olvera de la Cruz M. Growth dynamics for DNA-guided nanoparticle crystallization. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10948-59. [PMID: 24274629 DOI: 10.1021/nn404476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructures assemble into a large variety of well-defined crystalline superlattices via DNA-directed hybridization. Crystallities of SNA with various shapes emerge during the assembly process, which coalesce during coarsening, leading to polycrystalline materials. Here, we investigate the growth dynamics of SNAs into body-centered cubic superlattices and the coalescence of SNA aggregates using a colloidal model formulated from the competition of electrostatic core repulsions and localized DNA hybridization attractions. We find that the growth law of isolated SNA crystallities is well-described by the power law t(1/2), in agreement with experimental observations. At later times, coalescence slows the growth dynamics considerably and is dependent on the orientational mismatch (misorientation angle) of the coalescing crystallites. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the misorientation angle decreases continually during the coalescence, which is a signature of the grain rotation induced coalescence mechanism. This mechanism is followed by the coarsening of a "neck" that develops at the boundary between the coalescing crystallites. Remarkably, we find faster coalescence dynamics for larger SNAs compared to smaller SNAs due to their enhanced surface diffusion, which more effectively reduces curvature at the boundary of two superlattices. These findings provide fundamental insight into the relationship between nanoparticle surface chemistry and its crystallite growth and coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subas Dhakal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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178
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Abstract
This review is focused on a novel cellular probe, the plasmonic nanobubble (PNB), which has the dynamically tunable and multiple functions of imaging, diagnosis, delivery, therapy and, ultimately, theranostics. The concept of theranostics was recently introduced in order to unite the clinically important stages of treatment, namely diagnosis, therapy and therapy guidance, into one single, rapid and highly accurate procedure. Cell level theranostics will have far-reaching implications for the treatment of cancer and other diseases at their earliest stages. PNBs were developed to support cell level theranostics as a new generation of on-demand tunable cellular probes. A PNB is a transient vapor nanobubble that is generated within nanoseconds around an overheated plasmonic nanoparticle with a short laser pulse. In the short term, we expect that PNB technology will be rapidly adaptable to clinical medicine, where the single cell resolution it provides will be critical for diagnosing incipient or residual disease and eliminating cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. This review discusses mechanisms of plasmonic nanobubbles and their biomedical applications with the focus on cancer cell theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Lapotko
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; ; Tel.: +1-713-348-3708
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179
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Li F, Zhang H, Dever B, Li XF, Le XC. Thermal stability of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1790-7. [PMID: 24102258 PMCID: PMC3836601 DOI: 10.1021/bc300687z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Therapeutic
uses of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs)
have shown great potential and exciting opportunities for disease
diagnostics and treatment. Maintaining stable conjugation between
DNA oligonucleotides and gold nanoparticles under thermally stressed
conditions is one of the critical aspects for any of the practical
applications. We systematically studied the thermal stability of DNA-AuNPs
as affected by organosulfur anchor groups and packing densities. Using
a fluorescence assay to determine the kinetics of releasing DNA molecules
from DNA-AuNPs, we observed an opposite trend between the temperature-induced
and chemical-induced release of DNA from DNA-AuNPs when comparing
the DNA-AuNPs that were constructed with different anchor groups.
Specifically, the bidentate Au–S bond formed with cyclic disulfide
was thermally less stable than those formed with thiol or acyclic
disulfide. However, the same bidentate Au–S bond was chemically
more stable under the treatment of competing thiols (mercaptohexanol
or dithiothreitol). DNA packing density on AuNPs influenced the thermal
stability of DNA-AuNPs at 37 °C, but this effect was minimum
as temperature increased to 85 °C. With the improved understanding
from these results, we were able to design a strategy to enhance the
stability of DNA-AuNPs by conjugating double-stranded DNA to AuNPs
through multiple thiol anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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180
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Deng D, Zhang D, Li Y, Achilefu S, Gu Y. Gold nanoparticles based molecular beacons for in vitro and in vivo detection of the matriptase expression on tumor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:216-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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181
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Heuer-Jungemann A, Harimech PK, Brown T, Kanaras AG. Gold nanoparticles and fluorescently-labelled DNA as a platform for biological sensing. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9503-9510. [PMID: 23982570 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade gold nanoparticle-nucleic acid conjugates became progressively important for biomedical applications. Fluorophores attached to nucleic acid-gold nanoparticle conjugates have opened up a new era of biological sensing. The most promising advancement in this field was the invention of the so-called 'nano-flare' systems. These systems are capable of detecting specific endocellular targets such as mRNAs, microRNAs or small molecules in real time. In this minireview, we discuss the current progress in the field of DNA-nanoparticles as sensors, their properties, stability, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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182
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Pan W, Zhang T, Yang H, Diao W, Li N, Tang B. Multiplexed detection and imaging of intracellular mRNAs using a four-color nanoprobe. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10581-8. [PMID: 24088027 DOI: 10.1021/ac402700s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection and imaging of multiple intracellular biomarkers hold great promise for early cancer detection. Here, we introduce a four-color nanoprobe that can simultaneously detect and image four types of mRNAs in living cells. The nanoprobe composed of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a dense shell of molecular beacons, which can identify multiple intracellular mRNA transcripts. It shows rapid response, high specificity, nuclease stability, and good biocompatibility. Intracellular experiments indicate that the nanoprobe could effectively distinguish cancer cells from their normal cells, even some mRNAs are overexpressed in normal cells. Moreover, it can identify the changes of the expression levels of mRNA in living cells. The current strategy could provide more-accurate information for early cancer detection and availably avoid false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University . Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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183
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Li XL, Shan S, Xiong M, Xia XH, Xu JJ, Chen HY. On-chip selective capture of cancer cells and ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3868-75. [PMID: 23912689 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid recognition of cancer cells and detection of tumor biomarker survivin mRNA plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of many cancers. Based on the integration of specific cancer cell capture and intracellular survivin mRNA detection, this work presents a novel and sensitive on-chip approach for the bioanalysis of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. The microchannel surface was firstly modified with a prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) monoclonal antibody as the recognition element for prostate cancer cells (PC-3). As a result of the antigen-antibody specific affinity interactions, PC-3 cells could be selectively captured on the microchannel surface. After cell capture, nano-sized graphene oxide-poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) (NGO-PEG) was employed as a quencher and carrier of a signal tag, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antisense oligonucleotide (F-S1), which is complementary to part of survivin mRNA (target survivin mRNA), to transfect into the captured PC-3 cells. Upon the selective binding of S1 to intracellular survivin mRNA, F-S1 will be released from the NGO-PEG, inducing the fluorescence recovery of FITC. This antibody-based microfluidic device enables simple and inexpensive monitoring of the amount of survivin mRNA in single captured cell without the need for sample pretreatment. The survivin mRNA content in each PC-3 cell was estimated to be (4.8 ± 1.8) × 10(6) copies. This strategy opens a different perspective for ultrasensitive survivin mRNA detection, which may facilitate the early screening for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China.
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184
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Jarreau C, Welch MJ, Taylor JSA. Nucleic Acid-directed Self-assembly of Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticle Imaging Agents. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1055-1064. [PMID: 24058728 PMCID: PMC3777812 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have attracted much interest as a platform for development of multifunctional imaging and therapeutic agents. Multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles are generally constructed by covalent assembly of a gold core with thiolated ligands. In this study, we have assembled multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles in one step by nucleic acid hybridization of ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide)-derivatized gold nanoparticles with a library of pre-functionalized complementary PNAs (peptide nucleic acids). The PNAs were functionalized by conjugation with DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) for chelating 64Cu for PET imaging, PEG (polyethylene glycol) for conferring stealth properties, and Cy5 for fluorescent imaging. The resulting nanoparticles showed good stability both in vitro and in vivo showing biodistribution behavior in a mouse that would be expected for a PEGylated gold nanoparticle rather than that for the radiolabelled PNA used in its assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Chad Jarreau
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John-Stephen A. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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185
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Díaz JA, Gibbs-Davis JM. Sharpening the thermal release of DNA from nanoparticles: towards a sequential release strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2862-2871. [PMID: 23341260 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the sharp melting behavior of DNA-linked nanoparticle aggregates, the melting of DNA strands from individual gold nanoparticles is broad despite the high surface density of bound DNA. Here, it is demonstrated how sharpened melting can be achieved in colloidal nanoparticle systems using branched DNA-doubler structures hybridized with complementary DNA-doublers bound to the gold nanoparticle. Moreover, sharpened transitions are observed when DNA-doublers are hybridized with linear DNA-modified gold nanoparticles. This result suggests that the DNA density on nanoparticles is intrinsically great enough to form cooperative structures with the DNA-doublers. Finally, by introducing abasic destabilizing groups, the melting temperature of these DNA-doublers decreases without decreasing the sharpness. Consequently, by varying the temperature, two DNA-doublers with different stabilities dissociate sequentially from the gold nanoparticle surface, without overlapping and within a narrow temperature window. Owing to the excellent thermal selectivities exhibited by this system, the implementation of DNA-doublers in sequential photothermal therapies and with other nanomedicine delivery agents that rely on DNA dissociation as the mechanism of selective release is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián A Díaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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186
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Wu C, Chen T, Han D, You M, Peng L, Cansiz S, Zhu G, Li C, Xiong X, Jimenez E, Yang CJ, Tan W. Engineering of switchable aptamer micelle flares for molecular imaging in living cells. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5724-31. [PMID: 23746078 PMCID: PMC3789376 DOI: 10.1021/nn402517v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of the expression, distribution, and dynamics of biological molecules in living cells is one of the most challenging tasks in the analytical sciences. The key to effective and successful intracellular imaging is the development of delivery platforms with high efficiency and ultrasensitive molecular probes for specific targets of interest. To achieve these goals, many nanomaterials are widely used as carriers to introduce nucleic acid probes into living cells for real-time imaging of biomolecules. However, limitations on their use include issues of cytotoxicity and delivery efficiency. Herein, we propose a switchable aptamer micelle flare (SAMF), formed by self-assembly of an aptamer switch probe-diacyllipid chimera, to monitor ATP molecules inside living cells. Similarity of hydrophobic composition between diacyllipids in the micelle flares and phospholipid bilayers in the dynamic membranes of living cells allows SAMFs to be uptaken by living cells more efficiently than aptamer switch probes without external auxiliary. Switchable aptamers were found to bind target ATP molecules with high selectivity and specificity, resulting in restoration of the fluorescence signal from "OFF" to "ON" state, thus indicating the presence of the analyte. These switchable aptamer micelle flares, which exhibit cell permeability and nanoscale controllability, show exceptional promise for molecular imaging in bioanalysis, disease diagnosis, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuichen Wu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Da Han
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxu You
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lu Peng
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Sena Cansiz
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Xiangling Xiong
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Elizabeth Jimenez
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
| | - Chaoyong James Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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187
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Shen Y, Shrestha R, Ibricevic A, Gunsten SP, Welch MJ, Wooley KL, Brody SL, Taylor JSA, Liu Y. Antisense peptide nucleic acid-functionalized cationic nanocomplex for in vivo mRNA detection. Interface Focus 2013; 3:20120059. [PMID: 24427537 PMCID: PMC3638413 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with many aetiologies, resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the host, followed by dyspnoea, hypoxemia and pulmonary oedema. A central mediator is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that drives the production of NO and continued inflammation. Thus, it is useful to have diagnostic and therapeutic agents for targeting iNOS expression. One general approach is to target the precursor iNOS mRNA with antisense nucleic acids. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have many advantages that make them an ideal platform for development of antisense theranostic agents. Their membrane impermeability, however, limits biological applications. Here, we report the preparation of an iNOS imaging probe through electrostatic complexation between a radiolabelled antisense PNA-YR9 · oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) hybrid and a cationic shell-cross-linked knedel-like nanoparticle (cSCK). The Y (tyrosine) residue was used for (123)I radiolabelling, whereas the R9 (arginine9) peptide was included to facilitate cell exit of untargeted PNA. Complete binding of the antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN hybrid to the cSCK was achieved at an 8 : 1 cSCK amine to ODN phosphate (N/P) ratio by a gel retardation assay. The antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN · cSCK nanocomplexes efficiently entered RAW264.7 cells, whereas the PNA-YR9 · ODN alone was not taken up. Low concentrations of (123)I-labelled antisense PNA-YR9 · ODN complexed with cSCK showed significantly higher retention of radioactivity when iNOS was induced in lipopolysaccharide+interferon-γ-activated RAW264.7 cells when compared with a mismatched PNA. Moreover, statistically, greater retention of radioactivity from the antisense complex was also observed in vivo in an iNOS-induced mouse lung after intratracheal administration of the nanocomplexes. This study demonstrates the specificity and sensitivity by which the radiolabelled nanocomplexes can detect iNOS mRNA in vitro and in vivo and their potential for early diagnosis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P. Gunsten
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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188
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Smith CA, Simpson CA, Kim G, Carter CJ, Feldheim DL. Gastrointestinal bioavailability of 2.0 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3991-3996. [PMID: 23600730 DOI: 10.1021/nn305930e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of gold nanoparticles as imaging agents and therapeutic delivery systems is growing rapidly. However, a significant limitation of gold nanoparticles currently is their low absorption efficiencies in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following oral administration. In an attempt to identify ligands that facilitate gold nanoparticle absorption in the GI tract, we have studied the oral bioavailability of 2.0 nm diameter gold nanoparticles modified with the small molecules p-mercaptobenzoic acid and glutathione, and polyethylene glycols (PEG) of different lengths and charge (neutral and anionic). We show that GI absorption of gold nanoparticles modified with the small molecules tested was undetectable. However, the absorption of PEGs depended upon PEG length, with the shortest PEG studied yielding gold nanoparticle absorptions that are orders-of-magnitude larger than observed previously. As the oral route is the most convenient one for administering drugs and diagnostic reagents, these results suggest that short-chain PEGs may be useful in the design of gold nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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189
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OCSOY ISMAIL, OCSOY MUSERREFARSLAN, YASUN EMIR, TAN WEIHONG. NUCLEIC ACID-FUNCTIONALIZED NANOMATERIALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA)-functionalized nanomaterials (NMs) have received considerable attention in recent years. The use of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) for surface functionalization of NMs offers the ability to directly address desired targets and coat NMs with biocompatible polymers, such as poly [(ethylene)] glycol (PEG) and polyacrylamide (PA), enhancing the utility of these complexes in biomedicine. In particular, the target-specific recognition capacity of surface-functionalized NMs has opened up new avenues for disease diagnosis and therapy. This review focuses on the biological applications of a special type of nucleic acid, termed aptamer, conjugated with a variety of NMs for a wide spectrum of applications in nanobiomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ISMAIL OCSOY
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, Forida 32611/7200, United States of America
| | - MUSERREF ARSLAN OCSOY
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, Forida 32611/7200, United States of America
| | - EMIR YASUN
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, Forida 32611/7200, United States of America
| | - WEIHONG TAN
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, Forida 32611/7200, United States of America
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190
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Wang Z, Zhang K, Shen Y, Smith J, Bloch S, Achilefu S, Wooley KL, Taylor JS. Imaging mRNA expression levels in living cells with PNA·DNA binary FRET probes delivered by cationic shell-crosslinked nanoparticles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3159-67. [PMID: 23538604 PMCID: PMC3687806 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob26923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging of gene expression through the use of fluorescent antisense probes targeted to the mRNA has been an area of great interest. The main obstacles to developing highly sensitive antisense fluorescent imaging agents have been the inefficient intracellular delivery of the probes and high background signal from unbound probes. Binary antisense probes have shown great promise as mRNA imaging agents because a signal can only occur if both probes are bound simultaneously to the mRNA target site. Selecting an accessible binding site is made difficult by RNA folding and protein binding in vivo and the need to bind two probes. Even more problematic, has been a lack of methods for efficient cytoplasmic delivery of the probes that would be suitable for eventual applications in vivo in animals. Herein we report the imaging of iNOS mRNA expression in live mouse macrophage cells with PNA·DNA binary FRET probes delivered by a cationic shell crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticle (cSCK). We first demonstrate that FRET can be observed on in vitro transcribed mRNA with both the PNA probes and the PNA·DNA hybrid probes. We then demonstrate that the FRET signal can be observed in live cells when the hybrid probes are transfected with the cSCK, and that the strength of the FRET signal is sequence specific and depends on the mRNA expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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191
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Vigderman L, Zubarev ER. Therapeutic platforms based on gold nanoparticles and their covalent conjugates with drug molecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:663-76. [PMID: 22613038 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review will first look at the various covalent strategies that have been developed to attach drugs to gold nanoparticles as well as the strengths and limitations of such strategies. After examining general strategies for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their subsequent covalent functionalization, this review will focus on nanoparticle conjugates for gene therapy, antibacterial, and anticancer applications including the use of gold nanoparticles with intrinsically therapeutic properties. The effects of targeting and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles will also be discussed.
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192
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Chen G, Song F, Xiong X, Peng X. Fluorescent Nanosensors Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303485n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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193
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Hou S, Ma H, Ji Y, Hou W, Jia N. A calcium phosphate nanoparticle-based biocarrier for efficient cellular delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1131-1136. [PMID: 23323641 DOI: 10.1021/am3028926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODNs) can bind to some specific RNA of survivin can prevent the mRNA translation at the genetic level, which will inhibit survivin expression and make the cancer cells apoptosis. However, the ASODNs-based therapies are hampered by their instability to cellular nuclease and their weak intracellular penetration. Here we reported a calcium phosphate (CP)-based carrier to achieve efficient delivery of ASODNs into cells. In this study, we used a facile microemulsion approach to prepare spherical and porous ASODNs-CP nanoparticles (ASODNS-CPNPs) with the size of 50-70 nm in diameter, and their structure, morphology and composition were characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, ICP and DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the nanoparticles have a high ASODNs loading capacity. Furthermore, cellular uptake and delivery efficiency of the ASODNS-CPNPs, as well as cellular apoptosis induced by the ASODNs doping into the calcium phosphate nanoparticles, were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, biological TEM, flow cytometry, and MTT assay. Efficient intracellular delivery of the nanoparticles was observed. All these results suggested that the prepared calcium phosphate nanoparticles could be used as a promising biocarrier for delivery of ASODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Hou
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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194
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Zhang H, Li F, Dever B, Li XF, Le XC. DNA-mediated homogeneous binding assays for nucleic acids and proteins. Chem Rev 2012; 113:2812-41. [PMID: 23231477 DOI: 10.1021/cr300340p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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195
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Su X, Xiao X, Zhang C, Zhao M. Nucleic acid fluorescent probes for biological sensing. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:1249-1262. [PMID: 23146180 DOI: 10.1366/12-06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid fluorescent probes are playing increasingly important roles in biological sensing in recent years. In addition to the conventional functions of single-stranded DNA/RNA to hybridize with their complementary strands, affinity nucleic acids (aptamers) with specific target binding properties have also been developed, which has greatly broadened the application of nucleic acid fluorescent probes to the detection of a large variety of analytes, including small molecules, proteins, ions, and even whole cells. Another chemical property of nucleic acids is to act as substrates for various nucleic acid enzymes. This property can be utilized not only to detect those enzymes and screen their inhibitors, but also employed to develop effective signal amplification systems, which implies extensive applications. This review mainly covers the biosensing methods based on the above three types of nucleic acid fluorescent probes. The most widely used intensity-based biosensing assays are covered first, including nucleic acid probe-based signal amplification methods. Then fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence anisotropy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy assays are introduced, respectively. As a rapidly developing field, fluorescence imaging approaches are also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, China
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196
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Zheng YB, Payton JL, Song TB, Pathem BK, Zhao Y, Ma H, Yang Y, Jensen L, Jen AKY, Weiss PS. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to probe photoreaction pathways and kinetics of isolated reactants on surfaces: flat versus curved substrates. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5362-5368. [PMID: 22978482 DOI: 10.1021/nl302750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We identify and control the photoreaction paths of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiolate-linked anthracene phenylethynyl molecules on Au substrate surfaces, and study the effects of nanoscale morphology of substrates on regioselective photoreactions. Two types of morphologies, atomically flat and curved, are produced on Au surfaces by controlling substrate structure and metal deposition. We employ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), combined with Raman mode analyses using density functional theory, to identify the different photoreaction paths and to track the photoreaction kinetics and efficiencies of molecules in monolayers. The SAMs on curved surfaces exhibit dramatically lower regioselective photoreaction kinetics and efficiencies than those on atomically flat surfaces. This result is attributed to the increased intermolecular distances and variable orientations on the curved surfaces. Better understanding of the morphological effects of substrates will enable control of nanoparticle functionalization in ligand exchange in targeted delivery of therapeutics and theranostics and in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bing Zheng
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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197
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Li N, Chang C, Pan W, Tang B. A Multicolor Nanoprobe for Detection and Imaging of Tumor-Related mRNAs in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7426-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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198
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Li N, Chang C, Pan W, Tang B. A Multicolor Nanoprobe for Detection and Imaging of Tumor-Related mRNAs in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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199
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Saha K, Agasti SS, Kim C, Li X, Rotello VM. Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. Chem Rev 2012; 112:2739-79. [PMID: 22295941 PMCID: PMC4102386 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2759] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarit S. Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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200
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Improved cellular specificity of plasmonic nanobubbles versus nanoparticles in heterogeneous cell systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34537. [PMID: 22509318 PMCID: PMC3317980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited specificity of nanoparticle (NP) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine. Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble (PNB) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells, we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells. This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor, CD3 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1. Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level.
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