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Gjorgjieva T, Xie X, Commins P, Pasricha R, Mahmood SR, Gunsalus KC, Naumov P, Percipalle P. Loss of β-Actin Leads to Accelerated Mineralization and Dysregulation of Osteoblast-Differentiation Genes during Osteogenic Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002261. [PMID: 33304760 PMCID: PMC7709978 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actin plays fundamental roles in both the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. In the nucleus, β-actin regulates neuronal reprogramming by consolidating a heterochromatin landscape required for transcription of neuronal gene programs, yet it remains unknown whether it has a role in other differentiation models. To explore the potential roles of β-actin in osteogenesis, β-actin wild-type (WT) and β-actin knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are reprogrammed to osteoblast-like cells using small molecules in vitro. It is discovered that loss of β-actin leads to an accelerated mineralization phenotype (hypermineralization), accompanied with enhanced formation of extracellular hydroxyapatite microcrystals, which originate in the mitochondria in the form of microgranules. This phenotype is a consequence of rapid upregulation of mitochondrial genes including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in reprogrammed KO cells. It is further found that osteogenic gene programs are differentially regulated between WT and KO cells, with clusters of genes exhibiting different temporal expression patterns. A novel function for β-actin in osteogenic reprogramming through a mitochondria-based mechanism that controls cell-mediated mineralization is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gjorgjieva
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Xie
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- Program in ChemistryDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Renu Pasricha
- Core Technology PlatformsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Kristin C. Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Panče Naumov
- Program in ChemistryDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐106 91Sweden
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152
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Ma C, Sun Y, Pi C, Wang H, Sun H, Yu X, Shi Y, He X. Sirt3 Attenuates Oxidative Stress Damage and Rescues Cellular Senescence in Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Targeting Superoxide Dismutase 2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599376. [PMID: 33330487 PMCID: PMC7718008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of aging. The process of physiological aging is always accompanied by increased levels of endogenous oxidative stress. Exogenous oxidants have contributed to premature cellular senescence. As a deacetylase located in mitochondrial matrix, Sirt3 plays critical roles in mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and cellular senescence. However, it remains unknown whether Sirt3 exerts the analogous role in cellular senescence caused by two different oxidation pathways. In this study, the function of Sirt3 was investigated in age-related natural senescence and H2O2-induced premature senescence of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our results showed that Sirt3 expression was significantly decreased in both senescent MSCs, which was concerned with reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated DNA injury. Sirt3 repletion could partly reverse the senescence-associated phenotypic features in natural and premature senescent MSCs. Moreover, Sirt3 replenishment led to the reduction in the levels of cellular ROS by enhancing the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), thus maintaining the balance of intracellular oxidation and antioxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress damage. Altogether, Sirt3 inhibits MSC natural senescence and H2O2-induced premature senescence through alleviating ROS-induced injury and upregulating SOD2 expression and activity. Our research indicates that Sirt3 might contribute to uncovering the novel mechanisms underlying MSC senescence and provide new insights to aging and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenchen Pi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The First Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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153
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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154
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Wang L, Li Q, Yan H, Jiao G, Wang H, Chi H, Zhou H, Chen L, Shan Y, Chen Y. Resveratrol Protects Osteoblasts Against Dexamethasone-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4451-4463. [PMID: 33122889 PMCID: PMC7591001 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s266502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but glucocorticoid treatment is associated with bone damage. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in many plants, and we investigated its protective role on dexamethasone-induced dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts. Materials and Methods MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts were treated with dexamethasone in the presence/absence of different doses of resveratrol for 24 or 48 h. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to evaluate cell viability. Apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometry. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and Alizarin Red S staining were used to study osteoblast differentiation. Expression of osteoblast-related genes was measured by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and mitochondrial expression of superoxide dismutase were evaluated by Western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, mitochondrial-complex activity, and mitochondrial DNA content were measured to evaluate mitochondrial function. Results Resveratrol induced the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of osteoblasts in the presence of dexamethasone. Resveratrol increased the ALP activity and mineralization of osteoblasts. Resveratrol also attenuated dexamethasone-induced inhibition of mRNA expression of osteogenesis maker genes, including bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteoprotegerin, runt-related transcription factor-2, and bone Gla protein. Resveratrol alleviated dexamethasone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Resveratrol strongly stimulated expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α and sirtuin-3 genes, as well as their downstream target gene superoxide dismutase-2. Resveratrol induced phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Blockade of AMPK signaling using compound C reversed the protective effects of resveratrol against dexamethasone. Conclusion Resveratrol showed protective effects against dexamethasone-induced dysfunction of osteoblasts by activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University Spine and Spine Cord Disease Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Chi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital (Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University Spine and Spine Cord Disease Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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155
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myeloma Bone Disease and Possible Roles for NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186723. [PMID: 32937821 PMCID: PMC7555756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesions are one of the central features of multiple myeloma (MM) and lead to bone pain, fractures, decreased quality of life, and decreased survival. Dysfunction of the osteoclast (OC)/osteoblast (OB) axis plays a key role in the development of myeloma-associated osteolytic lesions. Many signaling pathways and factors are associated with myeloma bone diseases (MBDs), including the RANKL/OPG and NF-κB pathways. NRF2, a master regulator of inflammatory signaling, might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism via anti-inflammatory signaling and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The loss of NRF2 expression in OCs reduced bone mass via the RANK/RANKL pathway and other downstream signaling pathways that affect osteoclastogenesis. The NRF2 level in OBs could interfere with interleukin (IL)-6 expression, which is associated with bone metabolism and myeloma cells. In addition to direct impact on OCs and OBs, the activity of NRF2 on myeloma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells influences the inflammatory stress/ROS level in these cells, which has an impact on OCs, OBs, and osteocytes. The interaction between these cells and OCs affects the osteoclastogenesis of myeloma bone lesions associated with NRF2. Therefore, we have reviewed the effects of NRF2 on OCs and OBs in MBDs.
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156
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Wang S, Zhang J, Deng X, Zhao Y, Xu K. Advances in characterization of SIRT3 deacetylation targets in mitochondrial function. Biochimie 2020; 179:1-13. [PMID: 32898647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of mitochondrial functional state is intimately in relation with SIRT3 (sirtuin3). SIRT3, the deacetylase mainly anchored in mitochondria, acts as a modulator of metabolic regulation via manipulating the activity and function of downstream targets at post-translational modification levels. The features of energy sensing and ADP-ribose transference of SIRT3 have also been reported. Recently, accumulating SIRT3-focusing evidences have suggested its complicated role in a series of adverse events such as metabolic disorders, aging-related diseases, coupled with tumors, in which SIRT3 regulates the progress of corresponding biochemical reactions by targeting key mediators. By systematically summarizing the downstream deacetylated proteins of the SIRT3 axis, this review aims to give a comprehensive introduction to the main metabolic pathways and diseases of the molecules involved in acetylation modification, which is expected to provide a direction for further exploration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of the above diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Keshu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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157
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Cooper ID, Crofts CAP, DiNicolantonio JJ, Malhotra A, Elliott B, Kyriakidou Y, Brookler KH. Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management. Open Heart 2020; 7:e001356. [PMID: 32938758 PMCID: PMC7496570 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners.Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis.Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D Cooper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster - Cavendish Campus, London, UK
| | - Catherine A P Crofts
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Aseem Malhotra
- Visiting professor of Evidence Based Medicine, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bradley Elliott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster - Cavendish Campus, London, UK
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster - Cavendish Campus, London, UK
| | - Kenneth H Brookler
- Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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158
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Shi Y, He R, Yang Y, He Y, Zhan L, Wei B. Potential relationship between Sirt3 and autophagy in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:162. [PMID: 32934730 PMCID: PMC7471650 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is an important member of the sirtuin protein family. It is a deacetylase that was previously reported to modulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and limit the extent of oxidative damage in cellular components. As an important member of the class III type of histone deacetylases, Sirt3 has also been documented to mediate nuclear gene expression, metabolic control, neuroprotection, cell cycle and proliferation. In ovarian cancer (OC), Sirt3 has been reported to regulate cellular metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Sirt3 can regulate autophagy through a variety of different molecular signaling pathways, including the p62, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase and mitochondrial ROS-superoxide dismutase pathways. However, autophagy downstream of Sirt3 and its association with OC remains poorly understood. In the present review, the known characteristics of Sirt3 and autophagy were outlined, and their potential functional roles were discussed. Following a comprehensive analysis of the current literature, Sirt3 and autophagy may either serve positive or negative roles in the regulation of OC. Therefore, it is important to identify the appropriate expression level of Sirt3 to control the activation of autophagy in OC cells. This strategy may prove to be a novel therapeutic method to reduce the mortality of patients with OC. Finally, potential research directions into the association between Sirt3 and other signaling pathways were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Runhua He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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159
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Yan X, Qu X, Tian R, Xu L, Jin X, Yu S, Zhao Y, Ma J, Liu Y, Sun L, Su J. Hypoxia-induced NAD + interventions promote tumor survival and metastasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Life Sci 2020; 259:118171. [PMID: 32738362 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, is responsible for the chemo-resistance and metastasis of malignant solid tumors. Recent studies indicated that mitochondria undergo morphological transitions as an adaptive response to maintain self-stability and connectivity under hypoxic conditions. NAD+ may not only provide reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and in determining energy production, but also functions as a signaling molecule in mitochondrial dynamics regulation. In this review, we describe the upregulated KDAC deacetylase expression in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of tumor cells that results from sensing the changes in NAD+ to control mitochondrial dynamics and distribution, which is responsible for survival and metastasis in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhi Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sihang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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160
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Wang S, Deng Z, Ma Y, Jin J, Qi F, Li S, Liu C, Lyu FJ, Zheng Q. The Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy in Bone Metabolic Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2675-2691. [PMID: 32792864 PMCID: PMC7415419 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic disorders include osteolysis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two major types of cells in bone constituting homeostasis. The imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts has been shown to have a direct contribution to the onset of these diseases. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy and mitophagy, the selective autophagy of mitochondria, may play a vital role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Several signaling pathways, including PINK1/Parkin, SIRT1, MAPK8/FOXO3, Beclin-1/BECN1, p62/SQSTM1, and mTOR pathways, have been implied in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy in these cells. Here we review the current progress about the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in these bone metabolic disorders, as well as the molecular signaling activated or deactivated during this process. Together, we hope to draw attention to the role of autophagy and mitophagy in bone metabolic disorders, and their potential as a new target for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and the requirements of further mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China.,South China University of Technology-The University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China
| | - Yuanchen Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China
| | - Jiewen Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China.,South China University of Technology-The University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China.,South China University of Technology-The University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang Liu
- South China University of Technology-The University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng-Juan Lyu
- South China University of Technology-The University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, China
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161
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Xin T, Lu C. SirT3 activates AMPK-related mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16224-16237. [PMID: 32721927 PMCID: PMC7485737 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SirT3) and AMPK stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which increases mitochondrial turnover and cardiomyocyte regeneration. We studied the effects of SirT3, AMPK, and mitochondrial biogenesis on sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Our data showed that after treating cardiomyocytes with lipopolysaccharide, SirT3 and AMPK levels decreased, and this was followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death. Overexpression of SirT3 activated the AMPK pathway and improved mitochondrial biogenesis, which is required to sustain mitochondrial redox balance, maintain mitochondrial respiration, and suppress mitochondrial apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis abolished SirT3/AMPK-induced cardioprotection by causing mitochondrial damage. These findings indicate that SirT3 reduces sepsis-induced myocardial injury by activating AMPK-related mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing 300192, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing 300192, P.R. China
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162
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Maity J, Deb M, Greene C, Das H. KLF2 regulates dental pulp-derived stem cell differentiation through the induction of mitophagy and altering mitochondrial metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101622. [PMID: 32777717 PMCID: PMC7417940 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the regulatory role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) during osteoblast (OB) differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cell (DPSC)s, herein, we show that the levels of KLF2 and autophagy-related molecules were significantly increased in differentiated cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches of KLF2 confirmed that KLF2 modulated autophagic and OB differentiation-related molecules. In addition, knockdown of the autophagic molecule (ATG7 or BECN1) in DPSCs resulted in reduced levels of KLF2 and OB differentiation-related molecules. Conversely, the induction of autophagy increased levels of KLF2 and OB differentiation-related molecules. Moreover, OB differentiation induced mitophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential-related molecules. In addition, OB differentiation reduced the generation of total and mitochondrial ROS productions and induced intracellular Ca2+ production. Measurements of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation simultaneously in live cells revealed that OB differentiation decreased the oxygen consumption rate, which is an indicator of mitochondrial respiration and reduced the level of ATP production. Furthermore, flux analysis also revealed that OB differentiation increased the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in the non-glycolytic acidification, and the glycolytic capacity conditions, increasing the lactate production and reducing the metabolic activity of the cells. Thus, a metabolic shift from mitochondrial respiration to the glycolytic pathway was observed during OB differentiation. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis confirmed that the KLF2 and active epigenetic marks (H3K27Ac and H3K4me3) were upregulated in the promoter region of ATG7 during OB differentiation. These results provide evidence that the mitophagy process is important during OB differentiation, and KLF2 critically regulates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Carl Greene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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163
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164
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Torre E, Iviglia G, Cassinelli C, Morra M, Russo N. Polyphenols from grape pomace induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1721-1734. [PMID: 32236566 PMCID: PMC7169659 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are increasingly investigated for the treatment of periodontitis and research on their use in dental biomaterials is currently being conducted. Grape pomace extracts are a rich source of polyphenols. In the present study, the polyphenols of two different types of grape pomace were characterized and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, and the effect of polyphenol-rich grape pomace extracts on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation was investigated. Solid-liquid extraction was used to recover polyphenols from red and white grape pomace. The two extracts have been characterized through the phenolic content and antioxidant power. Human MSCs (hMSCs) from the bone marrow were cultured both with and without given amounts (10 or 20 µg/ml) of the obtained pomace extracts. Their effects on cell differentiation were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, compared with relevant controls. Results showed that both pomace extracts, albeit different in phenolic composition and concentration, induced multiple effects on hMSC gene expression, such as a decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio and an enhanced expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation, thus suggesting a shift of hMSCs towards osteoblast differentiation. The obtained results provided data in favor of the exploitation of polyphenol properties from grape pomace extracts as complementary active molecules for dental materials and devices for bone regeneration in periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, I‑14037 Portacomaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, I‑14037 Portacomaro, Italy
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165
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Concise Review: The Regulatory Mechanism of Lysine Acetylation in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7618506. [PMID: 32399051 PMCID: PMC7204305 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7618506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of MSCs has attracted considerable attention in the global science and technology field, with the self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential for diabetes, obesity treatment, bone repair, nerve repair, myocardial repair, and so on. Epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, which has become a research hotspot in the medical field. This review focuses on the role of lysine acetylation modification on the determination of MSC differentiation direction. During this progress, the recruitment of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs) is the crux of transcriptional mechanisms in the dynamic regulation of key genes controlling MSC multidirectional differentiation.
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166
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Yuan Y, Zhu L, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Peng T, Lu Y. S-Sulfhydration of SIRT3 by Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1302-1319. [PMID: 31218880 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Clinical use of cisplatin (Cisp), one of the most widely used, common, and effective chemotherapeutic agents, is limited by its side effects, particularly tubular injury-associated nephrotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alleviates Cisp-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Results: A single intraperitoneal injection of Cisp is employed to induce AKI, and the mice exhibit severe kidney dysfunction and histological damage at day 4 after Cisp injection. Here, we reported that H2S alleviated Cisp-caused renal toxicity via SIRT3 activation and subsequent improvement of mitochondrial ATP production. Using a biotin-switch assay, we showed that H2S increased S-sulfhydration of SIRT3 and induced deacetylation of its target proteins (OPA1, ATP synthase β, and superoxide dismutase 2). These effects of H2S were associated with a reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation, an increase in ATP generation, and less oxidative injury. Notably, the S-sulfhydration of SIRT3 induced by H2S was abrogated when Cys256, Cys259, Cys280, and Cys283 residues on SIRT3 (two zinc finger domains) were mutated. Innovation and Conclusion: Our data suggest that H2S attenuates Cisp-induced AKI by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT3 sulfhydrylation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 1302-1319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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167
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Sirtuin 3 deficiency does not impede digit regeneration in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16491. [PMID: 31712596 PMCID: PMC6848098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is thought to be one of the main contributors to metabolic flexibility-promoting mitochondrial energy production and maintaining homeostasis. In bone, metabolic profiles are tightly regulated and the loss of SIRT3 has deleterious effects on bone volume in vivo and on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Despite the prominent role of this protein in bone stem cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation, the importance of SIRT3 for regeneration after bone injury has never been reported. We show here, using the mouse digit amputation model, that SIRT3 deficiency has no impact on the regenerative capacity and architecture of bone and soft tissue. Regeneration occurs in SIRT3 deficient mice in spite of the reduced oxidative metabolic profile of the periosteal cells. These data suggest that bone regeneration, in contrast to homeostatic bone turnover, is not reliant upon active SIRT3, and our results highlight the need to examine known roles of SIRT3 in the context of injury.
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168
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Albulescu R, Popa AC, Enciu AM, Albulescu L, Dudau M, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Codrici E, Pop S, Lupu AR, Stan GE, Manda G, Tanase C. Comprehensive In Vitro Testing of Calcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics with Orthopedic and Dentistry Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223704. [PMID: 31717621 PMCID: PMC6888321 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a large spectrum of biomaterials emerged, with emphasis on various pure, blended, or doped calcium phosphates (CaPs). Although basic cytocompatibility testing protocols are referred by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993 (parts 1-22), rigorous in vitro testing using cutting-edge technologies should be carried out in order to fully understand the behavior of various biomaterials (whether in bulk or low-dimensional object form) and to better gauge their outcome when implanted. In this review, current molecular techniques are assessed for the in-depth characterization of angiogenic potential, osteogenic capability, and the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation properties of CaPs and their cation- and/or anion-substituted derivatives. Using such techniques, mechanisms of action of these compounds can be deciphered, highlighting the signaling pathway activation, cross-talk, and modulation by microRNA expression, which in turn can safely pave the road toward a better filtering of the truly functional, application-ready innovative therapeutic bioceramic-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Albulescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
- Department Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical R&D, 031299, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian-Claudiu Popa
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania (G.E.S.)
- Army Centre for Medical Research, 010195 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050047 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Albulescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Dudau
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050047 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Simona Mihai
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Sevinci Pop
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Andreea-Roxana Lupu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George E. Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania (G.E.S.)
| | - Gina Manda
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (A.-R.L.); (G.M.)
- Cajal Institute, Titu Maiorescu University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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169
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SOD2 Mediates Curcumin-Induced Protection against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury in HT22 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2160642. [PMID: 31662771 PMCID: PMC6791267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2160642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) induces neuroprotection against brain ischemic injury; however, the mechanism is still obscure. The aim of this study is to explore the potential neuroprotective mechanism of curcumin against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in HT22 cells and investigate whether type-2 superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is involved in the curcumin-induced protection. In the present study, HT22 neuronal cells were treated with 3 h OGD plus 24 h reoxygenation to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Compared with the normal cultured control group, OGD/R treatment reduced cell viability and SOD2 expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial complex I activity, damaged cell morphology, and increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial superoxide (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, coadministration of 100 ng/ml curcumin reduced the cell injury and apoptosis, inhibited intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, and ameliorated intracellular SOD2, cell morphology, MMP, and mitochondrial complex I activity. Downregulating the SOD2 expression by using siRNA, however, significantly reversed the curcumin-induced cytoprotection (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that curcumin induces protection against OGD/R injury in HT22 cells, and SOD2 protein may mediate the protection.
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170
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Storder J, Renard P, Arnould T. Update on the role of Sirtuin 3 in cell differentiation: A major metabolic target that can be pharmacologically controlled. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113621. [PMID: 31472127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a fundamental biological event in which a precursor stem cell is turning into a specialized somatic cell. It is thus crucial for the development, tissue turnover and regeneration in mammals. Among the numerous changes taking place in a cell during a differentiation programme, the biology of mitochondria, the central organelle mainly responsible for energy homeostasis and stress adaptation, is deeply modified. These modifications are now well recognized as taking an active part to the completion of the differentiation programme. Indeed, mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic shift are observed during cell differentiation, adapting many syntheses, calcium homeostasis, ATP and reactive oxygen species production, to the needs. These mitochondrial functions are substantially regulated by the post-translational modifications of the mitochondrial proteins among which lysine acetylation is essential. This mitoacetylome is then globally controlled by the balance between spontaneous/enzymatically-catalysed protein acetylation and the NAD+-dependent deacetylation mediated by Sirtuin 3. This enzyme is now considered as a major regulator of the function of the organelle. Regarding the requirement of these mitochondrial adaptations, the subsequent growing interest for this enzyme recently extended to the investigation of the mechanisms driving cell differentiation. This review summarizes the currently available information about the significance of SIRT3 in cell differentiation in physio-pathological contexts. We also suggest a control of the differentiation-activated autophagy by SIRT3, a hypothesis supported by recent findings establishing a causal link between SIRT3 and autophagy. Eventually, an update on the present pharmacological modulators of SIRT3 in a context of cell differentiation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Storder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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171
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Sirtuin 3-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase activity determines brown adipocytes phenotype under high-salt conditions. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:614. [PMID: 31409767 PMCID: PMC6692335 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous study indicated that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a central regulator of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we investigate the role of SIRT3 in the modulation of cellular phenotype in BAT under high salt intake (HS). HS downregulated SIRT3 level in BAT, accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption rate, and caused a severe loss of BAT characteristics. Mechanically, SIRT3 interacted with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHA1) and deacetylated Lys-83 both in vitro and in vivo under HS. In parallel, HS suppressed salt-induced kinase (Sik) 2 phosphorylation. Silencing Sik2 further diminished SIRT3 activity and enhanced acetylation of PDHA1 K83 level. Reconstruction of SIRT3 restored PDH activity and thermogenic markers expression in differentiated brown adipocytes from SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice. In addition, loss of SIRT3 induced selective remodelling of phospholipids and glycerolipids in BAT exposure to HS. These data indicate that SIRT3 is an essential enzymatic switch that controls brown adipose cell phenotype.
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172
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Li DP, Chen YL, Jiang HY, Chen Y, Zeng XQ, Xu LL, Ye Y, Ke CQ, Lin G, Wang JY, Gao H. Phosphocreatine attenuates Gynura segetum-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via a SIRT3-SOD2-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2081-2096. [PMID: 31417240 PMCID: PMC6602055 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s203564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the mitochondria-related mechanism of Gynura segetum (GS)-induced apoptosis and the protective effect of phosphocreatine (PCr), a mitochondrial respiration regulator. Methods: First, the mechanism was explored in human hepatocyte cell line. The mitochondrial oxidative stress was determined by fluorescence assay. The level of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), acetylated superoxide dismutase 2 (Ac-SOD2), SOD2, and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting. Mito-TEMPO and cell lines of viral vector-mediated overexpression of SIRT3 and SIRT3H248Y were used to further verify the mechanism of GS-induced apoptosis. GS-induced liver injury mice models were built by GS through intragastric administration and interfered by PCr through intraperitoneal injection. A total of 30 C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 5 groups and treated with either saline, PCr (100 mg/kg), GS (30 g/kg), or PCr (50 or 100 mg/kg)+GS (30 g/kg). Liver hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and blood biochemical evaluation were performed. Results: GS induced hepatocyte apoptosis and elevated levels of mitochondrial ROS in L-02 cells. The expression of SIRT3 was decreased. Downregulation of SIRT3 was associated with increased levels of Ac-SOD2, which is the inactivated enzymatic form of SOD2. Conversely, when overexpressing SIRT3 in GS-treated cells, SOD2 activity was restored, and mitochondrial ROS levels and hepatocyte apoptosis declined. Upon administration of PCr to GS-treated cells, they exhibited a significant upregulation of SIRT3 and were protected against apoptosis. In animal experiments, serum ALT level and mitochondrial ROS of the mice treated with GS and 50 mg/kg PCr were significantly attenuated compared with only GS treated. The changes in SIRT3 expression were also consistent with the in vitro results. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse liver showed that Ac-SOD2 was decreased in the PCr and GS co-treated group compared with GS treated group. Conclusion: GS caused liver injury by dysregulating mitochondrial ROS generation via a SIRT3-SOD2 pathway. PCr is a potential agent to treat GS-induced liver injury by mitochondrial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yue Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Qiang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ji-Yao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Evidance-based Medicine Center of Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Evidance-based Medicine Center of Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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173
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Bone Remodeling: Histone Modifications as Fate Determinants of Bone Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133147. [PMID: 31252653 PMCID: PMC6651527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone tissue is a dynamic complex that constitutes of several interdependent systems and is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells. Osteoblasts are mononucleated cells, derived from mesenchymal stem cells, responsible for bone formation. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that differentiate from hematopoietic progenitors of the myeloid lineage and are responsible for bone resorption. The lineage-specific differentiation of bone cells requires an epigenetic regulation of gene expressions involving chromatin dynamics. The key step for understanding gene regulatory networks during bone cell development lies in characterizing the chromatin modifying enzymes responsible for reorganizing and potentiating particular chromatin structure. This review covers the histone-modifying enzymes involved in bone development, discusses the impact of enzymes on gene expression, and provides future directions and clinical significance in this area.
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Isolated Compounds from Turpinia formosana Nakai Induce Ossification. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133119. [PMID: 31247918 PMCID: PMC6651545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a homeostatic process, imbalance in which leads to the onset of diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. Although several drugs are currently available to treat such conditions, they are associated with severe side effects and do not enhance bone formation. Thus, identifying alternative treatment strategies that focus on enhancing bone formation is essential. Herein, we explored the osteogenic potential of Turpinia formosana Nakai using human osteoblast (HOb) cells. The plant extract was subjected to various chromatographic techniques to obtain six compounds, including one new compound: 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside (1). Compounds 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside (1), gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-(6′-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside (2), strictinin (3), and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (6) displayed no significant cytotoxicity toward HOb cells, and thus their effects on various osteogenic markers were analyzed. Results showed that 1–3 and 6 significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 120.0, 121.3, 116.4, and 125.1%, respectively. Furthermore, 1, 2, and 6 also markedly enhanced the mineralization process with respective values of up to 136.4, 118.9, and 134.6%. In addition, the new compound, 1, significantly increased expression levels of estrogen receptor-α (133.4%) and osteogenesis-related genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (Col-1), and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) by at least 1.5-fold. Our results demonstrated that compounds isolated from T. formosana possess robust osteogenic potential, with the new compound, 1, also exhibiting the potential to enhance the bone formation process. We suggest that T. formosana and its isolated active compounds deserve further evaluation for development as anti-osteoporotic agents.
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175
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Zheng CX, Sui BD, Qiu XY, Hu CH, Jin Y. Mitochondrial Regulation of Stem Cells in Bone Homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:89-104. [PMID: 31126872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key contributors to the organismal homeostasis, in which mitochondrial regulation of stem cells is becoming increasingly important. Originated from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage commitments and interactions, bone is a representative organ where the mitochondrial essentiality to stem cell function has most recently been discovered, underlying skeletal health, aging, and diseases. Furthermore, mitochondrial medications based on modulating stem cell specification are emerging to provide promising therapies to counteract bone aging and pathologies. Here we review the cutting-edge knowledge regarding mitochondrial regulation of stem cells in bone homeostasis, highlighting mechanistic insights as well as mitochondrial strategies for augmented bone healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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176
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Xu X, Wang D, Zheng C, Gao B, Fan J, Cheng P, Liu B, Yang L, Luo Z. Progerin accumulation in nucleus pulposus cells impairs mitochondrial function and induces intervertebral disc degeneration and therapeutic effects of sulforaphane. Theranostics 2019; 9:2252-2267. [PMID: 31149042 PMCID: PMC6531300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progerin, a truncated unprocessed lamin A protein, causes tissue aging and degeneration. In this study we explored the role of progerin in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We also examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on progerin accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IDD. Methods: The role of progerin in IDD was explored using human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, rat NP cells, and Lmna G609G knock-in mice. Immunostaining, X-ray imaging, and Western blotting were performed to assess the phenotypes of intervertebral discs. Alterations in senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by SA-β-galactosidase, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Mitochondrial function was investigated by JC-1 staining, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the level of ATP and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes. Results: The progerin level was elevated in degenerated human NP tissues. Lmna G609G/G609G mice displayed IDD, as evidenced by increased matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression and decreased collagen II and aggrecan expression and disc height. Furthermore, progerin overexpression in rat NP cells induced mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes), morphologic abnormalities, and disrupted mitochondrial dynamic (abnormal expression of proteins involved in fission and fusion), resulting in apoptosis and senescence. SFN ameliorated the progerin-induced aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in NP cells and IDD in Lmna G609G/G609G mice. Conclusions: Progerin is involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. Also, SFN alleviates progerin‑induced IDD, which is associated with amelioration of aging defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, SFN shows promise for the treatment of IDD.
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177
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Zhai Y, Behera J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates homocysteine-induced osteoblast dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial toxicity. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18602-18614. [PMID: 30912146 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is detrimental to bone health in a mouse model of diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). However, little is known about Hcy-mediated osteoblast dysfunction via mitochondrial oxidative damage. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, we hypothesized that the H2 S mediated recovery of osteoblast dysfunction by maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis in Hcy-treated osteoblast cultures in vitro. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were exposed to Hcy treatment in the presence or absence of an H2 S donor (NaHS). Cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and oxygen consumption were also measured. Our results demonstrated that administration of Hcy increases the intracellular Hcy level and decreases intracellular H2 S level and expression of the cystathionine β-synthase/Cystathionine γ-lyase system, thereby inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Pretreatment with NaHS attenuated Hcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity (production of total ROS and mito-ROS, ratio of mitochondrial fission (DRP-1)/fusion (Mfn-2)) and restored ATP production and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers as well as oxygen consumption in the osteoblast as compared with the control, indicating its protective effects against Hcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity. In addition, NaHS also decreased the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, which induces cell apoptosis. Finally, flow cytometry confirmed that NaHS can rescue cells from apoptosis induced by Hcy. Our studies strongly suggest that NaHS has beneficial effects on mitochondrial toxicity, and could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent against HHcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured osteoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Zhai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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178
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Guimera AM, Shanley DP, Proctor CJ. Modelling the role of redox-related mechanisms in musculoskeletal ageing. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:11-18. [PMID: 30219703 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The decline in the musculoskeletal system with age is driven at the cellular level by random molecular damage. Cells possess mechanisms to repair or remove damage and many of the pathways involved in this response are regulated by redox signals. However, with ageing there is an increase in oxidative stress which can lead to chronic inflammation and disruption of redox signalling pathways. The complexity of the processes involved has led to the use of computational modelling to help increase our understanding of the system, test hypotheses and make testable predictions. This paper will give a brief background of the biological systems that have been modelled, an introduction to computational modelling, a review of models that involve redox-related mechanisms that are applicable to musculoskeletal ageing, and finally a discussion of the future potential for modelling in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Martinez Guimera
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Daryl P Shanley
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Carole J Proctor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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179
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Macfadyen MA, Daniel Z, Kelly S, Parr T, Brameld JM, Murton AJ, Jones SW. The commercial pig as a model of spontaneously-occurring osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:70. [PMID: 30744620 PMCID: PMC6371556 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical osteoarthritis models where damage occurs spontaneously may better reflect the initiation and development of human osteoarthritis. The aim was to assess the commercial pig as a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis development by examining pain-associated behaviour, joint cartilage integrity, as well as the use of porcine cartilage explants and isolated chondrocytes and osteoblasts for ex vivo and in vitro studies. METHODS Female pigs (Large white x Landrace x Duroc) were examined at different ages from 6 weeks to 3-4 years old. Lameness was assessed as a marker of pain-associated behaviour. Femorotibial joint cartilage integrity was determined by chondropathy scoring and histological staining of proteoglycan. IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation was assessed in cartilage explants and primary porcine chondrocytes by ELISA and DMMB assay. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged and non-damaged joints, as determined by chondropathy scoring, were assessed for mineralisation, proliferative and mitochondrial function as a marker of metabolic capacity. RESULTS Pigs aged 80 weeks and older exhibited lameness. Osteoarthritic lesions in femoral condyle and tibial plateau cartilage were apparent from 40 weeks and increased in severity with age up to 3-4 years old. Cartilage from damaged joints exhibited proteoglycan loss, which positively correlated with chondropathy score. Stimulation of porcine cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes with either IL-1β or visfatin induced IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged joints exhibited reduced proliferative, mineralisation, and metabolic capacity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the commercial pig represents an alternative model of spontaneous osteoarthritis and an excellent source of tissue for in vitro and ex vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi A Macfadyen
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Zoe Daniel
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Sara Kelly
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Tim Parr
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - John M Brameld
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Andrew J Murton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.,Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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180
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Terruzzi I, Montesano A, Senesi P, Villa I, Ferraretto A, Bottani M, Vacante F, Spinello A, Bolamperti S, Luzi L, Rubinacci A. L-Carnitine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cells Differentiation and Bone Matrix Proteins Expression in Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5678548. [PMID: 30800672 PMCID: PMC6360619 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5678548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and associated fracture risk are major problems in aging. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the development of bone fragility. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). L-Carnitine (L-C), a fundamental cofactor in lipid metabolism, has an important antioxidant property. Several studies have shown how L-C enhances osteoblastic proliferation and activity. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of L-C on mitochondrial activity, ROS production, and gene expression involved in osteoblastic differentiation using osteoblast-like cells (hOBs) derived from elderly patients. The effect of 5mM L-C treatment on mitochondrial activity and L-C antioxidant activity was studied by ROS production evaluation and cell-based antioxidant activity assay. The possible effects of L-C on hOBs differentiation were assessed by analyzing gene and protein expression by Real Time PCR and western blotting, respectively. L-C enhanced mitochondrial activity and improved antioxidant defense of hOBs. Furthermore, L-C increased the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Additionally, L-C induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT and the main kinases involved in osteoblastic differentiation and upregulated the expression of osteogenic related genes, RUNX2, osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) as well as OPN protein synthesis, suggesting that L-C exerts a positive modulation of key osteogenic factors. In conclusion, L-C supplementation could represent a possible adjuvant in the treatment of bone fragility, counteracting oxidative phenomena and promoting bone quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Fernanda Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alice Spinello
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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181
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Pan JX, Tang F, Xiong F, Xiong L, Zeng P, Wang B, Zhao K, Guo H, Shun C, Xia WF, Mei L, Xiong WC. APP promotes osteoblast survival and bone formation by regulating mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1077. [PMID: 30349052 PMCID: PMC6197195 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is ubiquitously expressed in various types of cells including bone cells. Mutations in App gene result in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about its physiological function in bone homeostasis. Here, we provide evidence for APP's role in promoting bone formation. Mice that knocked out App gene (APP-/-) exhibit osteoporotic-like deficit, including reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass. Such a deficit is likely due in large to a decrease in osteoblast (OB)-mediated bone formation, as little change in bone resorption was detected in the mutant mice. Further mechanical studies of APP-/- OBs showed an impairment in mitochondrial function, accompanied with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Intriguingly, these deficits, resemble to those in Tg2576 animal model of AD that expresses Swedish mutant APP (APPswe), were diminished by treatment with an anti-oxidant NAC (n-acetyl-l-cysteine), uncovering ROS as a critical underlying mechanism. Taken together, these results identify an unrecognized physiological function of APP in promoting OB survival and bone formation, implicate APPswe acting as a dominant negative factor, and reveal a potential clinical value of NAC in treatment of AD-associated osteoporotic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fulei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Haohan Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Cui Shun
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Fang Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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182
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Song Y, Li S, Geng W, Luo R, Liu W, Tu J, Wang K, Kang L, Yin H, Wu X, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yang C. Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis protects against AGEs-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Redox Biol 2018; 19:339-353. [PMID: 30216853 PMCID: PMC6139007 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration contributes largely to pathoanatomical and degenerative changes of spinal structure that increase the risk of low back pain. Apoptosis in nucleus pulposus (NP) can aggravate IVD degeneration, and increasing studies have shown that interventions targeting NP cell apoptosis can ameliorate IVD degeneration, exhibiting their potential for use as therapeutic strategies. Recent data have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in NP tissues in parallel with the progression of IVD degeneration and form a microenvironment of oxidative stress. This study examined whether AGEs accumulation aggravates NP cell apoptosis and IVD degeneration, and explored the mechanisms underlying these effects. We observed that the viability and proliferation of human NP cells were significantly suppressed by AGEs treatment, mainly due to apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was detected after AGEs treatment. In addition, the molecular data showed that AGEs could significantly aggravate the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and prolonged activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, as well as the increased level of Bax protein and decreased level of Bcl-2 protein in mitochondria. These effects could be reduced by antioxidant (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) and Visomitin (SKQ1). Importantly, we identified that impairment of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) function and the mitochondrial antioxidant network were vital mechanisms in AGEs-induced oxidative stress and secondary human NP cell apoptosis. Finally, based on findings that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could restore SIRT3 function and rescue human NP cell apoptosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (AMPK-PGC-1α) pathway in vitro, we confirmed its protective effect on AGEs-induced IVD degeneration in vivo. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SIRT3 protects against AGEs-induced human NP cell apoptosis and IVD degeneration. Targeting SIRT3 to improve mitochondrial redox homeostasis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating AGEs-associated IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huipeng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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183
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Li R, Xin T, Li D, Wang C, Zhu H, Zhou H. Therapeutic effect of Sirtuin 3 on ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The role of the ERK-CREB pathway and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy. Redox Biol 2018; 18:229-243. [PMID: 30056271 PMCID: PMC6079484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial damage is related to the progression of a diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with a focus on mitophagy and the ERK-CREB pathway. Our data indicated that Sirt3 was downregulated in liver tissue in response to chronic HFD treatment. Interestingly, re-introduction of Sirt3 protected hepatic function, attenuated liver fibrosis, alleviated the inflammatory response, and prevented hepatocyte apoptosis. Molecular investigations demonstrated that lipotoxicity was associated with an increase in mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial potential, augmented ROS production, increased cyt-c leakage into the nucleus, and activated caspase-9 apoptotic signalling. Additionally, Sirt3 overexpression protected hepatocytes against mitochondrial apoptosis via promoting Bnip3-required mitophagy. Functional studies showed that Sirt3 reversed Bnip3 expression and mitophagy activity via the ERK-CREB signalling pathway. Blockade of the ERK-CREB axis repressed the promotive effects of Sirt3 on Bnip3 activation and mitophagy augmentation, finally negating the anti-apoptotic influences of Sirt3 on hepatocytes in the setting of high-fat-stress. Collectively, our data show that high-fat-mediated liver damage is associated with Sirt3 downregulation, which is followed by ERK-CREB pathway inactivation and Bnip3-mediated inhibition of mitophagy, causing hepatocytes to undergo mitochondria-dependent cell death. Based on this, strategies for enhancing Sirt3 activity and activating the ERK-CREB-Bnip3-mitophagy pathways could be used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sirt3 overexpression prevents diet-mediated fatty liver disease. Sirt3 blocks hepatocyte mitochondrial apoptosis in the setting of high-fat injury. Bnip3-mediated mitophagy protects mitochondria against high-fat-mediated damage. Sirt3 controls Bnip3-mediated mitophagy via the ERK-CREB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hang Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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184
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Tani A, Chellini F, Giannelli M, Nosi D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Sassoli C. Red (635 nm), Near-Infrared (808 nm) and Violet-Blue (405 nm) Photobiomodulation Potentiality on Human Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Morphological and Molecular In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071946. [PMID: 29970828 PMCID: PMC6073131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used for bone regenerative purposes in different fields of medicine and dentistry, but contradictory results demand a skeptical look for its potential benefits. This in vitro study compared PBM potentiality by red (635 ± 5 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 808 ± 10 nm) diode lasers and violet-blue (405 ± 5 nm) light-emitting diode operating in a continuous wave with a 0.4 J/cm2 energy density, on human osteoblast and mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) viability, proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. PBM treatments did not alter viability (PI/Syto16 and MTS assays). Confocal immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analyses indicated that red PBM (i) on both cell types increased vinculin-rich clusters, osteogenic markers expression (Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin) and mineralized bone-like nodule structure deposition and (ii) on hMSCs induced stress fiber formation and upregulated the expression of proliferation marker Ki67. Interestingly, osteoblast responses to red light were mediated by Akt signaling activation, which seems to positively modulate reactive oxygen species levels. Violet-blue light-irradiated cells behaved essentially as untreated ones and NIR irradiated ones displayed modifications of cytoskeleton assembly, Runx-2 expression and mineralization pattern. Although within the limitations of an in vitro experimentation, this study may suggest PBM with 635 nm laser as potential effective option for promoting/improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143 Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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185
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Guo Y, Wang X, Gao J. Simultaneous Preparation and Comparison of the Osteogenic Effects of Epimedins A - C and Icariin fromEpimedium brevicornu. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700578. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Guo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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