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Boonchaya-anant P, Holick MF, Apovian CM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and metabolic health status in extremely obese individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2539-43. [PMID: 25297931 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in obese individuals. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) adult individuals were examined and the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and other clinical parameters was evaluated. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of outpatient medical records from the Nutrition and Weight Management Center at Boston Medical Center. Subjects were divided into two groups, MHO and MUO, using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance criteria. RESULTS A total of 191 obese subjects were included in this analysis. The average body mass index (BMI) was 43.0 ± 9.2 kg/m(2) . Sixty-three subjects (33%) met criteria for MHO. MHO subjects had lower BMI and waist circumferences compared to MUO subjects. 25(OH)D levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.242). Overall, there were high prevalences of vitamin D deficiency (48.7%) and vitamin D insufficiency (33.0%). 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with BMI, body weight, waist circumferences, and HbA1c levels but not with blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, or LDL. CONCLUSIONS In extremely obese individuals, 25(OH)D levels were not related to metabolic health status or insulin resistance but correlated with the degree of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchaya Boonchaya-anant
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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152
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Zoico E, Franceschetti G, Chirumbolo S, Rossi AP, Mazzali G, Rizzatti V, Budui S, Zamboni M. Phenotypic shift of adipocytes by cholecalciferol and 1α,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in relation to inflammatory status and calcium content. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4178-88. [PMID: 25153146 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental data seem to suggest a relevant role for 1,25[OH]2cholecalciferol (1,25[OH]2D3) in adipocyte physiology and pathophysiology, with some studies showing adipogenic and pro-inflammatory properties, and others lipolytic and anti-inflammatory functions. Moreover, to our knowledge, the role of cholecalciferol (D3) in adipocytes function is still not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of 1,25[OH]2D3, as well as of D3, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in basal and inflammatory conditions, testing the effects of different calcium concentrations in adipocytes culture medium. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 mRNA were detected in basal conditions and induced after D3 treatment. Pre-treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes not only with 1,25[OH]2D3, but also with D3 before inflammatory stimulation, significantly prevented the increase in gene expression and protein secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, and significantly increased IL-10 mRNA and protein production compared with adipocytes treated only with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Biological effects of D3 were still present after inhibition of P450 activity with ketokonazole. LPS determined a decrease in cell area compared with controls, paralleled by a significant increase in optical density (OD) of lipid droplets, whereas 1,25[OH]2D3 and D3 alone significantly increased adipocytes area and decreased OD. Pretreatment with both forms of vitamin D preserved cells from the reduction in their area observed after LPS treatment. LPS decreased more the area of cells grown in a high calcium medium than of adipocytes grown in a low calcium medium. In the presence of a high calcium medium, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment preserved cell area, maintaining its anti-inflammatory and adipogenic properties. In conclusion our results show that D3, besides 1,25[OH]2D3, presents anti-inflammatory effects on 3T3-L1, as well as that adipocytes have the enzymatic pathways necessary to locally regulate the production of active forms of vitamin D, capable of influencing adipocyte phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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153
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Malmberg P, Karlsson T, Svensson H, Lönn M, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Jennische E, Osmancevic A, Holmäng A. A new approach to measuring vitamin D in human adipose tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 138:295-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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154
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Winter 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in young urban adults are affected by smoking, body mass index and educational level. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:355-60. [PMID: 25117996 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To study the relationship of winter 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels with age, education, place of residency, marital status and body mass index (BMI) as they may affect sun exposure, vitamin D synthesis and metabolism. SUBJECTS/METHODS Subjects (1952) answered a structured questionnaire concerning education, marital status and smoking; and body weight/height, and parathyroid hormone and 25-OHD were measured. RESULTS 25-OHD levels were higher in the males with elementary and secondary education compared with higher education (46.8±18.5 and 43.7±16 vs 39.9±15.3 nmol/l, P<0.01). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent (16.7%, (13.1-20.2) vs 10.8%, (8.4-13.2), P=0.08) and sufficiency was less prevalent (24.6% (20-29.2) vs 33.7%, (29.5-37.8), P=0.005) in those with higher than secondary education. No differences were found among the females. Male smokers had lower 25-OHD than nonsmokers (40.2±16.6 vs 43.6±15.7 nmol/l, P=0.004). Deficiency was more prevalent in the male smokers than nonsmokers with secondary and higher education (secondary 16.6%, (10.1-22.4) vs 8.2%, (5.1-11.3), P=0.006; higher 27.4%, (17.7-37.1) vs 13.2%, (9.0-17.5), P=0.003). 25-OHD was lower in the obese than in the normal-weight females (34.6±16.2 vs 38.2±17.8 nmol/l, analysis of variance, P=0.014), but not males. Marital status was not related to 25-OHD. Only in the urban residents, increasing BMI in the young females increased the risk for vitamin D deficiency by 1%, and smoking had an odds ratio of 1.99 (1.05-3.78) in the young and 2.5 (1.07-5.75) in the middle-aged males. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and higher education in the males and obesity in the females were factors for vitamin D deficiency among Bulgarian urban population.
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155
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Marcotorchino J, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Karkeni E, Canault M, Amiot MJ, Bendahan D, Bernard M, Martin JC, Giannesini B, Landrier JF. Vitamin D protects against diet-induced obesity by enhancing fatty acid oxidation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1077-83. [PMID: 25052163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prospective studies reported an inverse correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] plasma levels and prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, 25(OH)D status may be a determinant of obesity onset. However, the causality between these observations is not yet established. We studied the preventive effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation (15,000 IU/kg of food for 10 weeks) on onset of obesity in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. We showed that the VD3 supplementation limited weight gain induced by high-fat diet, which paralleled with an improvement of glucose homeostasis. The limitation of weight gain could further be explained by an increased lipid oxidation, possibly due to an up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial metabolism, leading to increased energy expenditure. Altogether, these data show that VD3 regulates energy expenditure and suggest that VD3 supplementation may represent a strategy of preventive nutrition to fight the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Marcotorchino
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Astier
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Matthias Canault
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, F-13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- INRA, UMR 1260, F-13385 Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, F-13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université Faculté de Médecine, F-13385 Marseille, France.
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156
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Bishop-Bailey D, Thomson S, Askari A, Faulkner A, Wheeler-Jones C. Lipid-metabolizing CYPs in the regulation and dysregulation of metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:261-79. [PMID: 24819323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) represent a highly divergent class of enzymes involved in the oxidation of organic compounds. A subgroup of CYPs metabolize ω3-arachidonic and linoleic acids and ω6-docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into a series of related biologically active mediators. Over the past 20 years, increasing evidence has emerged for a role of these PUFA-derived mediators in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the vasculature, during inflammation, and in the regulation of metabolism. With recent technological advances and increased availability of lipid mass spectroscopy, we are now starting to discern the patterns of these CYP-PUFA products in health and disease. These analyses not only are revealing the diverse spectrum of lipid nutrients regulated by CYPs, but also clearly indicate that the balance of these mediators changes with dietary intake of different PUFA classes. These findings suggest that we are only just beginning to understand all of the relevant lipid species produced by CYP pathways. Moreover, we are still a long way from understanding the nature and presence of their receptors, their tissue expression, and the pathophysiological processes they regulate. This review highlights these future issues in the context of lipid-metabolizing CYP enzymes, focusing particularly on the CYP450 family of epoxygenases and the lipid mediators they produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom;
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157
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Pyrżak B, Witkowska-Sędek E, Krajewska M, Demkow U, Kucharska AM. Metabolic and Immunological Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese Children. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 840:13-9. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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158
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Li J, Daly E, Campioli E, Wabitsch M, Papadopoulos V. De novo synthesis of steroids and oxysterols in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:747-64. [PMID: 24280213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local production and action of cholesterol metabolites such as steroids or oxysterols within endocrine tissues are currently recognized as an important principle in the cell type- and tissue-specific regulation of hormone effects. In adipocytes, one of the most abundant endocrine cells in the human body, the de novo production of steroids or oxysterols from cholesterol has not been examined. Here, we demonstrate that essential components of cholesterol transport and metabolism machinery in the initial steps of steroid and/or oxysterol biosynthesis pathways are present and active in adipocytes. The ability of adipocyte CYP11A1 in producing pregnenolone is demonstrated for the first time, rendering adipocyte a steroidogenic cell. The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), synthesized by the mitochondrial enzyme CYP27A1, was identified as one of the major de novo adipocyte products from cholesterol and its precursor mevalonate. Inhibition of CYP27A1 activity or knockdown and deletion of the Cyp27a1 gene induced adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a paracrine or autocrine biological significance for the adipocyte-derived 27HC. These findings suggest that the presence of the 27HC biosynthesis pathway in adipocytes may represent a defense mechanism to prevent the formation of new fat cells upon overfeeding with dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- From the Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, and
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159
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vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
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160
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Ding C, Wilding JPH, Bing C. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 protects against macrophage-induced activation of NFκB and MAPK signalling and chemokine release in human adipocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61707. [PMID: 23637889 PMCID: PMC3634852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue in obesity is linked to low-grade chronic inflammation, and associated with features of metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D3 may have immunoregulatory effects and reduce adipose tissue inflammation, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be established. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 on macrophage-elicited inflammatory responses in cultured human adipocytes, particularly the signalling pathways involved. Macrophage-conditioned (MC) medium (25% with adipocyte maintenance media) markedly inhibited protein expression of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) subunit inhibitor κBα (IκBα) (71%, P<0.001) and increased NFκB p65 (1.5-fold, P = 0.026) compared with controls. Treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) abolished macrophage-induced activation of NFκB signalling by increasing IκBα expression (2.7-fold, P = 0.005) and reducing NFκB p65 phosphorylation (68%; P<0.001). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling was activated by MC medium, which was also blunted by 1,25(OH)2D3 with a downregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (32%, P = 0.005) and phosphorylated Erk1/2 (49%, P = 0.001). Furthermore, MC medium (12.5% or 25%) dose-dependently upregulated secretion of key proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines (22-368-fold; all P<0.001) and this was significantly decreased by 1,25(OH)2D3: IL-8 (61% and 31%, P<0.001), MCP-1 (37%, P<0.001 and 36%, P = 0.002), RANTES (78% and 62%, P<0.001) and IL-6 (29%, P<0.001 and 34%, P = 0.019). Monocyte migration-elicited by adipocytes treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 was also reduced (up to 25%, P<0.001). In conclusion, vitamin D3 could be anti-inflammatory in adipose tissue, decreasing macrophage-induced release of chemokines and cytokines by adipocytes and the chemotaxis of monocytes. Our data suggests these effects are mediated by inhibition of the NFκB and MAPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherlyn Ding
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P. H. Wilding
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Bing
- Obesity Biology Research Unit, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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161
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Abstract
Obesity is a significant health problem world-wide, particularly in developed nations. Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic, and has been implicated in a wide variety of disease states. This paper seeks to examine the consistently reported relationship between obesity and low vitamin D concentrations, with reference to the possible underlying mechanisms. The possibility that vitamin D may assist in preventing or treating obesity is also examined, and recommendations for future research are made. There is a clear need for adequately-powered, prospective interventions which include baseline measurement of 25D concentrations and involve adequate doses of supplemental vitamin D. Until such studies have been reported, the role of vitamin D supplementation in obesity prevention remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vanlint
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.
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162
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Dirtu AC, Dirinck E, Malarvannan G, Neels H, Van Gaal L, Jorens PG, Covaci A. Dynamics of organohalogenated contaminants in human serum from obese individuals during one year of weight loss treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12441-9. [PMID: 24074050 DOI: 10.1021/es400657t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dynamics of several organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) and their metabolites in an obese population during weight loss. Serum samples from obese individuals were taken before patients lost weight and after three, six, and twelve months. Samples were also collected from a matched lean control population. Analyzed OHCs were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (HO-PCBs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Significantly lower concentrations of major PCBs, their metabolites, and PCP were measured in obese individuals at the initial moment of their enrolling in the project. While dilution differences might be responsible for the lower concentrations in the neutral OHCs, we suggest that a lower CYP-mediated metabolic activity can partially explain the data for the HO-PCBs. Additionally, lower chlorinated substituted PCBs had a higher percentage contribution to the sum PCBs in obese individuals, while higher chlorinated PCBs had a higher contribution for the controls. Increasing serum levels for all OHCs were observed during weight loss. The release from adipose tissue seemed dependent on the octanol-water partition coefficient, since OHCs with higher log Kow values displayed a higher release in serum. This also influenced the HO-PCBs profile after weight loss with lower chlorinated HO-PCBs increasingly gaining importance. Although weight loss is beneficial, it also influences the release of OHCs from adipose tissue and their metabolism. Therefore, the increase in the levels of compounds with endocrine effects might be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin C Dirtu
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk - Antwerp, Belgium
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163
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Abstract
Lipophilic micronutrients (LM) constitute a large family of molecules including several vitamins (A, D, E, K) and carotenoids. Their ability to regulate gene expression is becoming increasingly clear and constitutes an important part of nutrigenomics. Interestingly, adipose tissue is not only a main storage site for these molecules within the body, but it is also subjected to the regulatory effects of LM. Indeed, several gene regulations have been described in adipose tissue that could strongly impact its biology with respect to the modulation of adipogenesis, inflammatory status, or energy homeostasis and metabolism, among others. The repercussions in terms of health effects of such regulations in the context of obesity and associated pathologies represent an exciting and emerging field of research. The present review will focus on the regulatory effects of vitamin A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids on adipose tissue biology and physiology, notably in the context of obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Landrier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +33-491-294-117; Fax: +33-491-078-2101
| | - Julie Marcotorchino
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
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