151
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Ding Y, Pan Y, Liu S, Jiang F, Jiao J. Elevation of MiR-9-3p suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via down-regulating FN1, ITGB1 and ITGAV. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:414-424. [PMID: 28613134 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1323585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs had been proved to be pivotal regulators in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by regulating a large amount of genes' expression. In our research, we aim to explore the functions of miR-9-3p on the metastases of NPC and figure out the potential mechanisms. First, we revealed downregulation of miR-9-3p and upregulation of fibronectin 1 (FN1), β1 integrin (ITGB1) and α5 integrin (ITGAV) expression in NPC tissues and cells compared with the normal using RNA-seq analysis, RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. By transfection of miR-9-3p mimics in CNE-1, CNE-2 and HONE-1 cells, we confirmed tumor-suppressing roles of miR-9-3p via suppressing EMT process by MTT, wound scratch, transwell assay and western blot. After constructing luciferase reporting plasmids and transient transfection in HEK 293T cells, we proved that FN1, ITGB1 and ITGAV were all targets of miR-9-3p. Then we manipulated the expression of miR-9-3p, FN1, ITGB1 and ITGAV in HONE-1 cells, verifying the tumor-promoting effect of FN1, ITGB1 and ITGAV on cell proliferation and metastases via facilitating EMT process of cells. Additionally, these functions of FN1, ITGB1 and ITGAV could be efficiently abrogated by overexpression of miR-9-3p. Taken together, we demonstrated that elevation of miR-9-3p suppresses the proliferation and metastases of NPC via downregulating FN1, ITGB1, ITGAV and inhibiting the EMT process, which provided a series of therapeutic targets for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- b Department of Radiology , Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Shan Liu
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Central Hospital of Qingdao , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Feng Jiang
- d Department of Radiology , People's Hospital of Zhangqiu , Zhangqiu , Jinan , China
| | - Junbo Jiao
- e Department of Oncology , Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , Shandong , China
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152
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Holló G. Demystification of animal symmetry: symmetry is a response to mechanical forces. Biol Direct 2017; 12:11. [PMID: 28514948 PMCID: PMC5436448 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ᅟ Symmetry is an eye-catching feature of animal body plans, yet its causes are not well enough understood. The evolution of animal form is mainly due to changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Based on theoretical considerations regarding fundamental GRN properties, it has recently been proposed that the animal genome, on large time scales, should be regarded as a system which can construct both the main symmetries – radial and bilateral – simultaneously; and that the expression of any of these depends on functional constraints. Current theories explain biological symmetry as a pattern mostly determined by phylogenetic constraints, and more by chance than by necessity. In contrast to this conception, I suggest that physical effects, which in many cases act as proximate, direct, tissue-shaping factors during ontogenesis, are also the ultimate causes – i.e. the indirect factors which provide a selective advantage – of animal symmetry, from organs to body plan level patterns. In this respect, animal symmetry is a necessary product of evolution. This proposition offers a parsimonious view of symmetry as a basic feature of the animal body plan, suggesting that molecules and physical forces act in a beautiful harmony to create symmetrical structures, but that the concert itself is directed by the latter. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Eugene Koonin, Zoltán Varga and Michaël Manuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Holló
- Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, H-4002, Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Hungary.
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153
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Ohashi K, Fujiwara S, Mizuno K. Roles of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and rho signalling in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. J Biochem 2017; 161:245-254. [PMID: 28082721 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells sense and respond to various mechanical forces in and mechanical properties of their environment. To respond appropriately, cells must be able to sense the location, direction, strength and duration of these forces. Recent progress in mechanobiology has provided a better understanding of the mechanisms of mechanoresponses underlying many cellular and developmental processes. Various roles of mechanoresponses in development and tissue homeostasis have been elucidated, and many molecules involved in mechanotransduction have been identified. However, the whole picture of the functions and molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction remains to be understood. Recently, novel mechanisms for sensing and transducing mechanical stresses via the cytoskeleton, cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesions and related proteins have been identified. In this review, we outline the roles of the cytoskeleton, cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesions, and related proteins in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. We also describe the roles and regulation of Rho-family GTPases in mechanoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sachiko Fujiwara
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan Osaka
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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154
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Roy AL. Pathophysiology of TFII-I: Old Guard Wearing New Hats. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:501-511. [PMID: 28461154 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical properties of the signal-induced multifunctional transcription factor II-I (TFII-I) indicate that it is involved in a variety of gene regulatory processes. Although gene ablation in murine models and cell-based assays show that it is encoded by an essential gene, GTF2I/Gtf2i, its physiologic role in human disorders was relatively unknown until recently. Novel studies show that it is involved in an array of human diseases including neurocognitive disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and cancer. Here I bring together these diverse observations to illustrate its multiple pathophysiologic functions and further conjecture on how these could be related to its known biochemical properties. I expect that a better understanding of these 'structure-function' relationships would lead to future diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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155
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Travan L, Naviglio S, De Cunto A, Pellegrin A, Pecile V, Spinelli AM, Cappellani S, Faletra F. Phenotypic expression of 19q13.32 microdeletions: Report of a new patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1970-1974. [PMID: 28411391 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic manifestations of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region are still poorly known. In this paper we report a patient who presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, micrognathia, kyphoscoliosis, and buried penis. Chromosomal microarray revealed an interstitial 327 kb de novo microdeletion in the 19q13.32 region comprising eight genes (ARGHAP35, NPAS1, TMEM160, ZC3H4, SAE1, BBC3, MIR3190, and MIR3191). Previously reported cases of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region were reviewed and compared to our patient, highlighting the common features of a possible 19q13.32 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Travan
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Naviglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela De Cunto
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellegrin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cappellani
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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156
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Leight JL, Drain AP, Weaver VM. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Stiffening Modulate Tumor Phenotype and Treatment Response. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-050216-034431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Allison P. Drain
- University of California, Berkeley–University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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157
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Pronephric tubule formation in zebrafish: morphogenesis and migration. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:211-216. [PMID: 26942753 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The nephron is the functional subunit of the vertebrate kidney and plays important osmoregulatory and excretory roles during embryonic development and in adulthood. Despite its central role in kidney function, surprisingly little is known about the molecular and cellular processes that control nephrogenesis. The zebrafish pronephric kidney, comprising two nephrons, provides a visually accessible and genetically tractable model system for a better understanding of nephron formation. Using this system, various developmental processes, including the commitment of mesoderm to a kidney fate, renal tubule proliferation, and migration, can be studied during nephrogenesis. Here, we discuss some of these processes in zebrafish with a focus on the pathways that influence renal tubule cell morphogenesis.
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158
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Wang S, Sun J, Xiao Y, Lu Y, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Intercellular Tension Negatively Regulates Angiogenic Sprouting of Endothelial Tip Cells via Notch1-Dll4 Signaling. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1600019. [PMID: 30662935 PMCID: PMC6338428 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force plays pivotal roles in vascular development during tissue growth and regeneration. Nevertheless, the process by which mechanical force controls the vascular architecture remains poorly understood. Using a systems bioengineering approach, we show that intercellular tension negatively regulates tip cell formation via Notch1-Dll4 signaling in mouse retinal angiogenesis in vivo, sprouting embryoid bodies, and human endothelial cell networks in vitro. Reducing the intercellular tension pharmacologically by a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor or physically by single cell photothermal ablation of the capillary networks promotes the expression of Dll4, enhances angiogenic sprouting of tip cells and increases the vascular density. Computational biomechanics, RNA interference, and single cell gene expression analysis reveal that a reduction of intercellular tension attenuates the inhibitory effect of Notch signaling on tip cell formation and induces angiogenic sprouting. Taken together, our results reveal a mechanoregulation scheme for the control of vascular architecture by modulating angiogenic tip cell formation via Notch1-Dll4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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159
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Tam KT, Chan PK, Zhang W, Law PP, Tian Z, Fung Chan GC, Philipsen S, Festenstein R, Tan-Un KC. Identification of a novel distal regulatory element of the human Neuroglobin gene by the chromosome conformation capture approach. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:115-126. [PMID: 27651453 PMCID: PMC5224503 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is predominantly expressed in the brain and retina. Studies suggest that NGB exerts protective effects to neuronal cells and is implicated in reducing the severity of stroke and Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms which regulate the cell type-specific expression of the gene. In this study, we hypothesized that distal regulatory elements (DREs) are involved in optimal expression of the NGB gene. By chromosome conformation capture we identified two novel DREs located -70 kb upstream and +100 kb downstream from the NGB gene. ENCODE database showed the presence of DNaseI hypersensitive and transcription factors binding sites in these regions. Further analyses using luciferase reporters and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggested that the -70 kb region upstream of the NGB gene contained a neuronal-specific enhancer and GATA transcription factor binding sites. Knockdown of GATA-2 caused NGB expression to drop dramatically, indicating GATA-2 as an essential transcription factor for the activation of NGB expression. The crucial role of the DRE in NGB expression activation was further confirmed by the drop in NGB level after CRISPR-mediated deletion of the DRE. Taken together, we show that the NGB gene is regulated by a cell type-specific loop formed between its promoter and the novel DRE.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/chemistry
- Deoxyribonuclease I/genetics
- Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Editing
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Globins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Globins/genetics
- Globins/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuroglobin
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Tung Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ping Kei Chan
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Pui Pik Law
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Zhipeng Tian
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- School of Professional and Continuing Education (HKU SPACE), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Festenstein
- Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Cheng Tan-Un
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- School of Professional and Continuing Education (HKU SPACE), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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160
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Abdeen AA, Lee J, Li Y, Kilian KA. Cytoskeletal Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to a Medicinal Phenotype. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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161
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162
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Huang C, Liu L, You Z, Wang B, Du Y, Ogawa R. Keloid progression: a stiffness gap hypothesis. Int Wound J 2016; 14:764-771. [PMID: 27995750 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are fibroproliferative skin disorders characterised clinically by continuous horizontal progression and post-surgical recurrence and histologically by the accumulation of collagen and fibroblast ingredients. Till now, their aetiology remains clear, which may cover genetic, environmental and metabolic factors. Evidence in the involvement of local mechanics (e.g. predilection site and typical shape) and the progress in mechanobiology have incubated our stiffness gap hypotheses in illustrating the chronic but constant development in keloid. We put forward that the enlarged gap between extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular stiffness potentiates keloid progression. Matrix stiffness itself provides organisational guidance cues to regulate the mechanosensitive resident cells (e.g. proliferation, migration and apoptosis). During this dynamic process, the ECM stiffness and cell stiffness are not well balanced, and the continuously enlarged stiffness gap between them potentiates keloid progression. The cushion factors, such as prestress for cell stiffness and topology for ECM stiffness, serve as compensations, the decompensation of which aggravates keloid development. It can well explain the typical shape of keloids, their progression in a horizontal but not vertical direction and the post-surgical recurrence, which were evidenced by our clinical cases. Such a stiffness gap hypothesis might be bridged to mechanotherapeutic approaches for keloid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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163
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Herath SCB, Sharghi-Namini S, Du Y, Wang D, Ge R, Wang QG, Asada H, Chen PCY. A Magneto-Microfluidic System for Investigating the Influence of an Externally Induced Force Gradient in a Collagen Type I ECM on HMVEC Sprouting. SLAS Technol 2016; 22:413-424. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068216680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in mechanobiology have suggested that physiological and pathological angiogenesis may be differentiated based on the ways in which the cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) that exhibits partially different mechanical properties. This warrants investigating the regulation of ECM stiffness on cell behavior using angiogenesis assays. In this article, we report the application of the technique of active manipulation of ECM stiffness to study in vitro angiogenic sprouting of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in a microfluidic device. Magnetic beads were embedded in the ECM through bioconjugation (between the streptavidin-coated beads and collagen fibers) in order to create a pretension in the ECM when under the influence of an external magnetic field. The advantage of using this magneto-microfluidic system is that the resulting change in the local deformability of the collagen fibers is only apparent to a cell at the pericellular level near the site of an embedded bead, while the global intrinsic material properties of the ECM remain unchanged. The results demonstrate that this system represents an effective tool for inducing noninvasively an external force on cells through the ECM, and suggest the possibility of creating desired stiffness gradients in the ECM for manipulating cell behavior in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahan C. B. Herath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Soheila Sharghi-Namini
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Dongan Wang
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Guo Wang
- Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harry Asada
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter C. Y. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosystem and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
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164
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Wang S, Sun J, Zhang DD, Wong PK. A nanobiosensor for dynamic single cell analysis during microvascular self-organization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16894-901. [PMID: 27547924 PMCID: PMC5042875 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03907c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of microvascular networks plays essential roles in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the self-organization mechanisms underlying the dynamic morphogenic process are poorly understood due to a paucity of effective tools for mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of single cell behaviors. By establishing a single cell nanobiosensor along with live cell imaging, we perform dynamic single cell analysis of the morphology, displacement, and gene expression during microvascular self-organization. Dynamic single cell analysis reveals that endothelial cells self-organize into subpopulations with specialized phenotypes to form microvascular networks and identifies the involvement of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating the cell subpopulations. The cell phenotype correlates with the initial Dll4 mRNA expression level and each subpopulation displays a unique dynamic Dll4 mRNA expression profile. Pharmacological perturbations and RNA interference of Notch1-Dll4 signaling modulate the cell subpopulations and modify the morphology of the microvascular network. Taken together, a nanobiosensor enables a dynamic single cell analysis approach underscoring the importance of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in microvascular self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - J. Sun
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - D. D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - P. K. Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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165
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Scott HA, Quach B, Yang X, Ardekani S, Cabrera AP, Wilson R, Messaoudi-Powers I, Ghosh K. Matrix stiffness exerts biphasic control over monocyte-endothelial adhesion via Rho-mediated ICAM-1 clustering. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:869-78. [PMID: 27444067 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion is a critical early step in chronic vascular inflammation associated with diabetes, emphysema, and aging. Importantly, these conditions are also marked by abnormal subendothelial matrix crosslinking (stiffness). Yet, whether and how abnormal matrix stiffness contributes to leukocyte-endothelial adhesion remains poorly understood. Using a co-culture of human monocytic cells and human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) grown on matrices of tunable stiffness, we demonstrate that matrix stiffness exerts biphasic control over monocyte-EC adhesion, with both matrix softening and stiffening eliciting a two-fold increase in this adhesive interaction. This preferential endothelial adhesivity on softer and stiffer matrices was consistent with a significant increase in α-actinin-4-associated endothelial ICAM-1 clustering, a key determinant of monocyte-EC adhesion. Further, the enhanced ICAM-1 clustering on soft and stiff matrices correlated strongly with an increase in Rho activity and ROCK2 expression. Importantly, inhibition of Rho/ROCK activity blocked the effects of abnormal matrix stiffness on ICAM-1 clustering and monocyte-EC adhesion. Thus, these findings implicate matrix stiffness-dependent ICAM-1 clustering as an important regulator of vascular inflammation and provide the rationale for closely examining mechanotransduction pathways as new molecular targets for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, MSE 207, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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166
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Seo BR, Bhardwaj P, Choi S, Gonzalez J, Andresen Eguiluz RC, Wang K, Mohanan S, Morris PG, Du B, Zhou XK, Vahdat LT, Verma A, Elemento O, Hudis CA, Williams RM, Gourdon D, Dannenberg AJ, Fischbach C. Obesity-dependent changes in interstitial ECM mechanics promote breast tumorigenesis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:301ra130. [PMID: 26290412 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and extracellular matrix (ECM) density are considered independent risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer. Whether they are functionally linked is uncertain. We investigated the hypothesis that obesity enhances local myofibroblast content in mammary adipose tissue and that these stromal changes increase malignant potential by enhancing interstitial ECM stiffness. Indeed, mammary fat of both diet- and genetically induced mouse models of obesity were enriched for myofibroblasts and stiffness-promoting ECM components. These differences were related to varied adipose stromal cell (ASC) characteristics because ASCs isolated from obese mice contained more myofibroblasts and deposited denser and stiffer ECMs relative to ASCs from lean control mice. Accordingly, decellularized matrices from obese ASCs stimulated mechanosignaling and thereby the malignant potential of breast cancer cells. Finally, the clinical relevance and translational potential of our findings were supported by analysis of patient specimens and the observation that caloric restriction in a mouse model reduces myofibroblast content in mammary fat. Collectively, these findings suggest that obesity-induced interstitial fibrosis promotes breast tumorigenesis by altering mammary ECM mechanics with important potential implications for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ri Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Karin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Baoheng Du
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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167
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Bar-Sinai Y, Julien JD, Sharon E, Armon S, Nakayama N, Adda-Bedia M, Boudaoud A. Mechanical Stress Induces Remodeling of Vascular Networks in Growing Leaves. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004819. [PMID: 27074136 PMCID: PMC4830508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation into well-defined patterns and tissue growth are recognized as key processes in organismal development. However, it is unclear whether patterns are passively, homogeneously dilated by growth or whether they remodel during tissue expansion. Leaf vascular networks are well-fitted to investigate this issue, since leaves are approximately two-dimensional and grow manyfold in size. Here we study experimentally and computationally how vein patterns affect growth. We first model the growing vasculature as a network of viscoelastic rods and consider its response to external mechanical stress. We use the so-called texture tensor to quantify the local network geometry and reveal that growth is heterogeneous, resembling non-affine deformations in composite materials. We then apply mechanical forces to growing leaves after veins have differentiated, which respond by anisotropic growth and reorientation of the network in the direction of external stress. External mechanical stress appears to make growth more homogeneous, in contrast with the model with viscoelastic rods. However, we reconcile the model with experimental data by incorporating randomness in rod thickness and a threshold in the rod growth law, making the rods viscoelastoplastic. Altogether, we show that the higher stiffness of veins leads to their reorientation along external forces, along with a reduction in growth heterogeneity. This process may lead to the reinforcement of leaves against mechanical stress. More generally, our work contributes to a framework whereby growth and patterns are coordinated through the differences in mechanical properties between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohai Bar-Sinai
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Paris VI, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Julien
- Laboratoire de Physique, ENS Lyon, CNRS, UCB Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Eran Sharon
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahaf Armon
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mokhtar Adda-Bedia
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Paris VI, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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168
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Chen T, Margariti A, Kelaini S, Cochrane A, Guha ST, Hu Y, Stitt AW, Zhang L, Xu Q. MicroRNA-199b Modulates Vascular Cell Fate During iPS Cell Differentiation by Targeting the Notch Ligand Jagged1 and Enhancing VEGF Signaling. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1405-18. [PMID: 25535084 PMCID: PMC4737258 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent ability to derive endothelial cells (ECs) from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells holds a great therapeutic potential for personalized medicine and stem cell therapy. We aimed that better understanding of the complex molecular signals that are evoked during iPS cell differentiation toward ECs may allow specific targeting of their activities to enhance cell differentiation and promote tissue regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have generated mouse iPS cells from fibroblasts using established protocol. When iPS cells were cultivated on type IV mouse collagen-coated dishes in differentiation medium, cell differentiation toward vascular lineages were observed. To study the molecular mechanisms of iPS cell differentiation, we found that miR-199b is involved in EC differentiation. A step-wise increase in expression of miR-199 was detected during EC differentiation. Notably, miR-199b targeted the Notch ligand JAG1, resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcriptional activation and secretion through the transcription factor STAT3. Upon shRNA-mediated knockdown of the Notch ligand JAG1, the regulatory effect of miR-199b was ablated and there was robust induction of STAT3 and VEGF during EC differentiation. Knockdown of JAG1 also inhibited miR-199b-mediated inhibition of iPS cell differentiation toward smooth muscle markers. Using the in vitro tube formation assay and implanted Matrigel plugs, in vivo, miR-199b also regulated VEGF expression and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a novel role for miR-199b as a regulator of the phenotypic switch during vascular cell differentiation derived from iPS cells by regulating critical signaling angiogenic responses. Stem Cells 2015;33:1405-1418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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169
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Lee HT, Xue J, Chou PC, Zhou A, Yang P, Conrad CA, Aldape KD, Priebe W, Patterson C, Sawaya R, Xie K, Huang S. Stat3 orchestrates interaction between endothelial and tumor cells and inhibition of Stat3 suppresses brain metastasis of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10016-29. [PMID: 25881542 PMCID: PMC4496337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer. Our previous studies indicated that Stat3 plays an important role in brain metastasis. Here, we present evidence that Stat3 functions at the level of the microenvironment of brain metastases. Stat3 controlled constitutive and inducible VEGFR2 expression in tumor-associated brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of Stat3 by WP1066 decreased the incidence of brain metastases and increased survival in a preclinical model of breast cancer brain metastasis. WP1066 inhibited Stat3 activation in tumor-associated endothelial cells, reducing their infiltration and angiogenesis. WP1066 also inhibited breast cancer cell invasion. Our results indicate that WP1066 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis and brain metastasis mediated by Stat3 in endothelial and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Te Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianfei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phillip Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles A Conrad
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Sawaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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170
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Toya SP, Wary KK, Mittal M, Li F, Toth PT, Park C, Rehman J, Malik AB. Integrin α6β1 Expressed in ESCs Instructs the Differentiation to Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1719-29. [PMID: 25693840 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to the extracellular matrix may influence differentiation potential and cell fate decisions. Here, we investigated the inductive role of binding of integrin α6β1 expressed in mouse (m)ESCs to laminin-1 (LN1) in mediating the differentiation of ESCs to endothelial cells (ECs). We observed that α6β1 binding to LN1 was required for differentiation to ECs. α6β1 functioned by recruiting the adaptor tetraspanin protein CD151, which activated FAK and Akt signaling and mediated the EC lineage-specifying transcription factor Er71. In contrast, association of the ESC-expressed α3β1, another highly expressed LN1 binding integrin, with CD151, prevented α6β1-mediated differentiation. CD151 thus functioned as a bifurcation router to direct ESCs toward ECs when α6β1 associated with CD151, or prevented transition to ECs when α3β1 associated with CD151. These observations were recapitulated in mice in which α6 integrin or CD151 knockdown reduced the expression of Er71-regulated angiogenesis genes and development of blood vessels. Thus, interaction of α6β1 in ESCs with LN1 activates α6β1/CD151 signaling which programs ESCs toward the EC lineage fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie P Toya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manish Mittal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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171
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Tumor-induced remote ECM network orientation steers angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22580. [PMID: 26931404 PMCID: PMC4773852 DOI: 10.1038/srep22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we use automated sequential microprinting of tumor and endothelial cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds to study its mechanical aspects. Quantitative reflection microscopy shows that tumor spheroids induce radial orientation of the surrounding collagen fiber network up to a distance of five times their radius. Across a panel of ~20 different human tumor cell lines, remote collagen orientation is correlated with local tumor cell migration behavior. Tumor induced collagen orientation requires contractility but is remarkably resistant to depletion of collagen-binding integrins. Microvascular endothelial cells undergo directional migration towards tumor spheroids once they are within the tumor-oriented collagen fiber network. Laser ablation experiments indicate that an intact physical connection of the oriented network with the tumor spheroid is required for mechanical sensing by the endothelial cells. Together our findings indicate that, in conjunction with described activities of soluble angiogenic factors, remote physical manipulation of the ECM network by the tumor can help to steer angiogenesis.
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172
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Park H, Lee S, Shrestha P, Kim J, Park JA, Ko Y, Ban YH, Park DY, Ha SJ, Koh GY, Hong VS, Mochizuki N, Kim YM, Lee W, Kwon YG. AMIGO2, a novel membrane anchor of PDK1, controls cell survival and angiogenesis via Akt activation. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:619-37. [PMID: 26553931 PMCID: PMC4639856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AMIGO2 is a novel scaffold protein that regulates PDK1 membrane localization and Akt activation in endothelial cells, and inhibition of the interaction between PDK1–AMIGO2 results in impaired neovascularization, pathological angiogenesis, and tumor angiogenesis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt signaling pathway is essential to many biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis, under pathophysiological conditions. Although 3-phosphoinositide–dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is a primary activator of Akt at the plasma membrane, the optimal activation mechanism remains unclear. We report that adhesion molecule with IgG-like domain 2 (AMIGO2) is a novel scaffold protein that regulates PDK1 membrane localization and Akt activation. Loss of AMIGO2 in endothelial cells (ECs) led to apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis with Akt inactivation. Amino acid residues 465–474 in AMIGO2 directly bind to the PDK1 pleckstrin homology domain. A synthetic peptide containing the AMIGO2 465–474 residues abrogated the AMIGO2–PDK1 interaction and Akt activation. Moreover, it effectively suppressed pathological angiogenesis in murine tumor and oxygen-induced retinopathy models. These results demonstrate that AMIGO2 is an important regulator of the PDK1–Akt pathway in ECs and suggest that interference of the PDK1–AMIGO2 interaction might be a novel pharmaceutical target for designing an Akt pathway inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pravesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongrim Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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173
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Yang X, Scott HA, Monickaraj F, Xu J, Ardekani S, Nitta CF, Cabrera A, McGuire PG, Mohideen U, Das A, Ghosh K. Basement membrane stiffening promotes retinal endothelial activation associated with diabetes. FASEB J 2016; 30:601-11. [PMID: 26443820 PMCID: PMC6188223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial activation is a hallmark of the high-glucose (HG)-induced retinal inflammation associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, precisely how HG induces retinal endothelial activation is not fully understood. We hypothesized that HG-induced up-regulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a collagen-cross-linking enzyme, in retinal capillary endothelial cells (ECs) enhances subendothelial basement membrane (BM) stiffness, which, in turn, promotes retinal EC activation. Diabetic C57BL/6 mice exhibiting a 70 and 50% increase in retinal intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and leukocyte accumulation, respectively, demonstrated a 2-fold increase in the levels of BM collagen IV and LOX, key determinants of capillary BM stiffness. Using atomic force microscopy, we confirmed that HG significantly enhances LOX-dependent subendothelial matrix stiffness in vitro, which correlated with an ∼2.5-fold increase in endothelial ICAM-1 expression, a 4-fold greater monocyte-EC adhesion, and an ∼2-fold alteration in endothelial NO (decrease) and NF-κB activation (increase). Inhibition of LOX-dependent subendothelial matrix stiffening alone suppressed HG-induced retinal EC activation. Finally, using synthetic matrices of tunable stiffness, we demonstrated that subendothelial matrix stiffening is necessary and sufficient to promote EC activation. These findings implicate BM stiffening as a critical determinant of HG-induced retinal EC activation and provide a rationale for examining BM stiffness and underlying mechanotransduction pathways as therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harry A Scott
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Finny Monickaraj
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Soroush Ardekani
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carolina F Nitta
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrea Cabrera
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Paul G McGuire
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Umar Mohideen
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Arup Das
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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174
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Du P, Suhaeri M, Subbiah R, Van SY, Park J, Kim SH, Park K, Lee K. Elasticity Modulation of Fibroblast-Derived Matrix for Endothelial Cell Vascular Morphogenesis and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:415-26. [PMID: 26786806 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical properties of the microenvironment, including matrix elasticity and topography, are known to affect various cell behaviors; however, the specific role of each factor is unclear. In this study, fibroblast-derived matrix (FDM) was used as cell culture substrate and physically modified to investigate the influence of its biophysical property changes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) behavior in vitro. These FDMs were physically modified by simply storing them at different temperatures: the one stored at 4°C, maintained its original properties, was considered natural FDM, whereas the ones stored at -20°C or -80°C, exhibited a distinct surface morphology, were considered physically modified FDM. Physical modification induced matrix fiber rearrangement in FDM, forming different microstructures on the surface as characterized by focused ion beam (FIB)-cryoSEM. A significant increase of matrix elasticity was found with physically modified FDMs as determined by atomic force microscopy. HUVEC and hMSC behaviors on these natural and physically modified FDMs were observed and compared with each other and with gelatin-coated coverslips. HUVECs showed a similar adhesion level on these substrates at 3 h, but exhibited different proliferation rates and morphologies at 24 h; HUVECs on natural FDM proliferated relatively slower and assembled to capillary-like structures (CLSs). It is observed that HUVECs assembled to CLSs on natural FDMs are independent on the exogenous growth factors and yet dependent on nonmuscle myosin II activity. This result indicates the important role of matrix mechanical properties in regulating HUVECs vascular morphogenesis. As for hMSCs multilineage differentiation, adipogenesis is improved on natural FDM that with lower matrix elasticity, while osteogenesis is accelerated on physically modified FDMs that with higher matrix elasticity, these results further confirm the crucial role of matrix elasticity on cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Suhaeri
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Van
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- 1 Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- 3 Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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175
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Dinsmore C, Reiter JF. Endothelial primary cilia inhibit atherosclerosis. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:156-66. [PMID: 26769565 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based structures present on most mammalian cells that are important for intercellular signaling. Cilia are present on a subset of endothelial cells where they project into the vessel lumen and are implicated as mechanical sensors of blood flow. To test the in vivo role of endothelial cilia, we conditionally deleted Ift88, a gene required for ciliogenesis, in endothelial cells of mice. We found that endothelial primary cilia were dispensable for mammalian vascular development. Cilia were not uniformly distributed in the mouse aorta, but were enriched at vascular branch points and sites of high curvature. These same sites are predisposed to the development of atherosclerotic plaques, prompting us to investigate whether cilia participate in atherosclerosis. Removing endothelial cilia increased atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, indicating that cilia protect against atherosclerosis. Removing endothelial cilia increased inflammatory gene expression and decreased eNOS activity, indicating that endothelial cilia inhibit pro-atherosclerotic signaling in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Dinsmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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176
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Huebsch N, Lippens E, Lee K, Mehta M, Koshy ST, Darnell MC, Desai RM, Madl CM, Xu M, Zhao X, Chaudhuri O, Verbeke C, Kim WS, Alim K, Mammoto A, Ingber DE, Duda GN, Mooney DJ. Matrix elasticity of void-forming hydrogels controls transplanted-stem-cell-mediated bone formation. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1269-77. [PMID: 26366848 PMCID: PMC4654683 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of stem cell therapies has been hampered by cell death and limited control over fate. These problems can be partially circumvented by using macroporous biomaterials that improve the survival of transplanted stem cells and provide molecular cues to direct cell phenotype. Stem cell behaviour can also be controlled in vitro by manipulating the elasticity of both porous and non-porous materials, yet translation to therapeutic processes in vivo remains elusive. Here, by developing injectable, void-forming hydrogels that decouple pore formation from elasticity, we show that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis in vitro, and cell deployment in vitro and in vivo, can be controlled by modifying, respectively, the hydrogel's elastic modulus or its chemistry. When the hydrogels were used to transplant MSCs, the hydrogel's elasticity regulated bone regeneration, with optimal bone formation at 60 kPa. Our findings show that biophysical cues can be harnessed to direct therapeutic stem cell behaviours in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Huebsch
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Evi Lippens
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Manav Mehta
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandeep T Koshy
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Max C Darnell
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Rajiv M Desai
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christopher M Madl
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Maria Xu
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Catia Verbeke
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Woo Seob Kim
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Heuk Seok-Dong, Dong Jak-Gu, Seoul 156-755, Korea
| | - Karen Alim
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology &Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Departments of Pathology &Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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177
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Simon KA, Warren NJ, Mosadegh B, Mohammady MR, Whitesides GM, Armes SP. Disulfide-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels: A Wholly-Synthetic Thermoreversible 3D Matrix for Sheet-Based Cultures. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3952-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marym R. Mohammady
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill Sheffield S37H, United Kingdom
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178
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Dupont S. Role of YAP/TAZ in cell-matrix adhesion-mediated signalling and mechanotransduction. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:42-53. [PMID: 26524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signalling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental cellular input that sustains proliferation, opposes cell death and regulates differentiation. Through integrins, cells perceive both the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM. In particular, cell behaviour is profoundly influenced by the mechanical elasticity or stiffness of the ECM, which regulates the ability of cells to develop forces through their contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and to mature focal adhesions. This mechanosensing ability affects fundamental cellular functions, such that alterations of ECM stiffness is nowadays considered not a simple consequence of pathology, but a causative input driving aberrant cell behaviours. We here discuss recent advances on how mechanical signals intersect nuclear transcription and in particular the activity of YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, known downstream transducers of the Hippo pathway and important effectors of ECM mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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179
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Concise review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP regulates a switch between cardiomyogenic and endothelial lineages in adult cardiac progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1999-2007. [PMID: 24710857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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180
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Santos L, Fuhrmann G, Juenet M, Amdursky N, Horejs CM, Campagnolo P, Stevens MM. Extracellular Stiffness Modulates the Expression of Functional Proteins and Growth Factors in Endothelial Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2056-2063. [PMID: 26270789 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is of vital importance during the early stages of bone healing. Extracellular stiffness plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell behavior and angiogenesis, but how this mechanical cue affects proliferation kinetics, gene regulation, and the expression of proteins implicated in angiogenesis and bone regeneration remains unclear. Using collagen-coated polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are exposed to an environment that mimics the elastic properties of collagenous bone, and cellular proliferation and gene and protein expressions are assessed. The proliferation and gene expression of HUVECs are not differentially affected by culture on 3 or 30 kPa PAAm hydrogels, henceforth referred to as low and high stiffness gels, respectively. Although the proliferation and gene transcript levels remain unchanged, significant differences are found in the expressions of functional proteins and growth factors implicated both in the angiogenic and osteogenic processes. The down-regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 protein with concomitant over-expression of caveolin-1, wingless-type 2, bone morphogenic protein 2, and basic fibroblast growth factor on the high stiffness PAAm hydrogel suggests that rigidity has a pro-angiogenic effect with inherent benefits for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Santos
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Maya Juenet
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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181
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Abstract
The vascular and the nervous system are responsible for oxygen, nutrient, and information transfer and thereby constitute highly important communication systems in higher organisms. These functional similarities are reflected at the anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels, where common developmental principles and mutual crosstalks have evolved to coordinate their action. This resemblance of the two systems at different levels of complexity has been termed the "neurovascular link." Most of the evidence demonstrating neurovascular interactions derives from studies outside the CNS and from the CNS tissue of the retina. However, little is known about the specific properties of the neurovascular link in the brain. Here, we focus on regulatory effects of molecules involved in the neurovascular link on angiogenesis in the periphery and in the brain and distinguish between general and CNS-specific cues for angiogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the emerging molecular interactions of these angiogenic cues with the VEGF-VEGFR-Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)-Jagged-Notch pathway.
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182
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Santos-Oliveira P, Correia A, Rodrigues T, Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM, Matafome P, Rodríguez-Manzaneque JC, Seiça R, Girão H, Travasso RDM. The Force at the Tip--Modelling Tension and Proliferation in Sprouting Angiogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004436. [PMID: 26248210 PMCID: PMC4527825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis, where new blood vessels grow from pre-existing ones, is a complex process where biochemical and mechanical signals regulate endothelial cell proliferation and movement. Therefore, a mathematical description of sprouting angiogenesis has to take into consideration biological signals as well as relevant physical processes, in particular the mechanical interplay between adjacent endothelial cells and the extracellular microenvironment. In this work, we introduce the first phase-field continuous model of sprouting angiogenesis capable of predicting sprout morphology as a function of the elastic properties of the tissues and the traction forces exerted by the cells. The model is very compact, only consisting of three coupled partial differential equations, and has the clear advantage of a reduced number of parameters. This model allows us to describe sprout growth as a function of the cell-cell adhesion forces and the traction force exerted by the sprout tip cell. In the absence of proliferation, we observe that the sprout either achieves a maximum length or, when the traction and adhesion are very large, it breaks. Endothelial cell proliferation alters significantly sprout morphology, and we explore how different types of endothelial cell proliferation regulation are able to determine the shape of the growing sprout. The largest region in parameter space with well formed long and straight sprouts is obtained always when the proliferation is triggered by endothelial cell strain and its rate grows with angiogenic factor concentration. We conclude that in this scenario the tip cell has the role of creating a tension in the cells that follow its lead. On those first stalk cells, this tension produces strain and/or empty spaces, inevitably triggering cell proliferation. The new cells occupy the space behind the tip, the tension decreases, and the process restarts.
Our results highlight the ability of mathematical models to suggest relevant hypotheses with respect to the role of forces in sprouting, hence underlining the necessary collaboration between modelling and molecular biology techniques to improve the current state-of-the-art. Sprouting angiogenesis—a process by which new blood vessels grow from existing ones—is an ubiquitous phenomenon in health and disease of higher organisms, playing a crucial role in organogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, as well as on the onset and progression of over 50 different diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Mathematical models have the ability to suggest relevant hypotheses with respect to the mechanisms of cell movement and rearrangement within growing vessel sprouts. The inclusion of both biochemical and mechanical processes in a mathematical model of sprouting angiogenesis permits to describe sprout extension as a function of the forces exerted by the cells in the tissue. It also allows to question the regulation of biochemical processes by mechanical forces and vice-versa. In this work we present a compact model of sprouting angiogenesis that includes the mechanical characteristics of the vessel and the tissue. We use this model to suggest the mechanism for the regulation of proliferation within sprout formation. We conclude that the tip cell has the role of creating a tension in the cells that follow its lead. On those first cells of the stalk, this tension produces strain and/or empty spaces, inevitably triggering cell proliferation. The new cells occupy the space behind the tip, the tension decreases, and the process restarts. The modelling strategy used, deemed phase-field, permits to describe the evolution of the shape of different domains in complex systems. It is focused on the movement of the interfaces between the domains, and not on an exhaustive description of the transport properties within each domain. For this reason, it requires a reduced number of parameters, and has been used extensively in modelling other biological phenomena such as tumor growth. The coupling of mechanical and biochemical processes in a compact mathematical model of angiogenesis will enable the study of lumen formation and aneurisms in the near future. Also, this framework will allow the study of the action of flow in vessel remodelling, since local forces can readily be coupled with cell movement to obtain the final vessel morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - António Correia
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui D. M. Travasso
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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183
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Huang K, Du J, Ma N, Liu J, Wu P, Dong X, Meng M, Wang W, Chen X, Shi X, Chen Q, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhang J, Li Y, Li W, Zheng Y, Cai J, Li P, Sun X, Wang J, Pei D, Pan G. GATA2(-/-) human ESCs undergo attenuated endothelial to hematopoietic transition and thereafter granulocyte commitment. CELL REGENERATION 2015; 4:4. [PMID: 26246892 PMCID: PMC4526303 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hematopoiesis is a progressive process collectively controlled by an elaborate network of transcription factors (TFs). Among these TFs, GATA2 has been implicated to be critical for regulating multiple steps of hematopoiesis in mouse models. However, whether similar function of GATA2 is conserved in human hematopoiesis, especially during early embryonic development stage, is largely unknown. Results To examine the role of GATA2 in human background, we generated homozygous GATA2 knockout human embryonic stem cells (GATA2−/− hESCs) and analyzed their blood differentiation potential. Our results demonstrated that GATA2−/− hESCs displayed attenuated generation of CD34+CD43+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), due to the impairment of endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). Interestingly, GATA2−/− hESCs retained the potential to generate erythroblasts and macrophages, but never granulocytes. We further identified that SPI1 downregulation was partially responsible for the defects of GATA2−/− hESCs in generation of CD34+CD43+ HPCs and granulocytes. Furthermore, we found that GATA2−/− hESCs restored the granulocyte potential in the presence of Notch signaling. Conclusion Our findings revealed the essential roles of GATA2 in EHT and granulocyte development through regulating SPI1, and uncovered a role of Notch signaling in granulocyte generation during hematopoiesis modeled by human ESCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13619-015-0018-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Ning Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Xiaoya Dong
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Minghui Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Xi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Shubin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Yuhang Li
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641 China
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Jinglei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
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184
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Hossain M, Qadri SM, Xu N, Su Y, Cayabyab FS, Heit B, Liu L. Endothelial LSP1 Modulates Extravascular Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Regulating Nonhematopoietic Vascular PECAM-1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2408-16. [PMID: 26238489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions generate molecular signals that regulate cell functions. The Ca(2+)- and F-actin-binding leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) expressed in leukocytes and nonhematopoietic endothelial cells is pivotal in regulating microvascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment. However, cell-specific function of LSP1 during leukocyte recruitment remains elusive. Using intravital microscopy of cremasteric microvasculature of chimeric LSP1-deficient mice, we show that not neutrophil but endothelial LSP1 regulates neutrophil transendothelial migration and extravascular directionality without affecting the speed of neutrophil migration in tissue in response to CXCL2 chemokine gradient. The expression of PECAM-1-sensitive α6β1 integrins on the surface of transmigrated neutrophils was blunted in mice deficient in endothelial LSP1. Functional blocking studies in vivo and in vitro elucidated that α6β1 integrins orchestrated extravascular directionality but not the speed of neutrophil migration. In LSP1-deficient mice, PECAM-1 expression was reduced in endothelial cells, but not in neutrophils. Similarly, LSP1-targeted small interfering RNA silencing in murine endothelial cells mitigated mRNA and protein expression of PECAM-1, but not ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. Overexpression of LSP1 in endothelial cells upregulated PECAM-1 expression. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor GATA-2 that regulates endothelial PECAM-1 expression was blunted in LSP1-deficient or LSP1-silenced endothelial cells. The present study unravels endothelial LSP1 as a novel cell-specific regulator of integrin α6β1-dependent neutrophil extravascular chemotactic function in vivo, effective through GATA-2-dependent transcriptional regulation of endothelial PECAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokarram Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Najia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada; and
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada;
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185
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Floren M, Tan W. Three-dimensional, soft neotissue arrays as high throughput platforms for the interrogation of engineered tissue environments. Biomaterials 2015; 59:39-52. [PMID: 25956850 PMCID: PMC4444363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Local signals from tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments, including matrix adhesive ligand, mechanical elasticity and micro-scale geometry, are known to instruct a variety of stem cell differentiation processes. Likewise, these signals converge to provide multifaceted, mechanochemical cues for highly-specific tissue morphogenesis or regeneration. Despite accumulated knowledge about the individual and combined roles of various mechanochemical ECM signals in stem cell activities on 2-dimensional matrices, the understandings of morphogenetic or regenerative 3-dimenstional tissue microenvironments remain very limited. To that end, we established high-throughput platforms based on soft, fibrous matrices with various combinatorial ECM proteins meanwhile highly-tunable in elasticity and 3-dimensional geometry. To demonstrate the utility of our platform, we evaluated 64 unique combinations of 6 ECM proteins (collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, and elastin) on the adhesion, spreading and fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) under two substrate stiffness (4.6 kPa, 20 kPa). Using this technique, we identified several neotissue microenvironments supporting MSC adhesion, spreading and differentiation toward early vascular lineages. Manipulation of the matrix properties, such as elasticity and geometry, in concert with ECM proteins will permit the investigation of multiple and distinct MSC environments. This paper demonstrates the practical application of high through-put technology to facilitate the screening of a variety of engineered microenvironments with the aim to instruct stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Floren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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186
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Kazenwadel J, Betterman KL, Chong CE, Stokes PH, Lee YK, Secker GA, Agalarov Y, Demir CS, Lawrence DM, Sutton DL, Tabruyn SP, Miura N, Salminen M, Petrova TV, Matthews JM, Hahn CN, Scott HS, Harvey NL. GATA2 is required for lymphatic vessel valve development and maintenance. J Clin Invest 2015. [PMID: 26214525 DOI: 10.1172/jci78888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2 have recently been shown to underlie a range of clinical phenotypes, including Emberger syndrome, a disorder characterized by lymphedema and predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). Despite well-defined roles in hematopoiesis, the functions of GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and the mechanisms by which GATA2 mutations result in lymphedema have not been characterized. Here, we have provided a molecular explanation for lymphedema predisposition in a subset of patients with germline GATA2 mutations. Specifically, we demonstrated that Emberger-associated GATA2 missense mutations result in complete loss of GATA2 function, with respect to the capacity to regulate the transcription of genes that are important for lymphatic vessel valve development. We identified a putative enhancer element upstream of the key lymphatic transcriptional regulator PROX1 that is bound by GATA2, and the transcription factors FOXC2 and NFATC1. Emberger GATA2 missense mutants had a profoundly reduced capacity to bind this element. Conditional Gata2 deletion in mice revealed that GATA2 is required for both development and maintenance of lymphovenous and lymphatic vessel valves. Together, our data unveil essential roles for GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and explain why a select catalogue of human GATA2 mutations results in lymphedema.
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187
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure exerted by tumour growth onto non-tumorous adjacent epithelium. In the early stage of mouse colon tumour development in the Notch(+)Apc(+/1638N) mouse model, we observed mechanistic pressure stress in the non-tumorous epithelial cells caused by hyper-proliferative adjacent crypts overexpressing active Notch, which is associated with increased Ret and β-catenin signalling. We thus developed a method that allows the delivery of a defined mechanical pressure in vivo, by subcutaneously inserting a magnet close to the mouse colon. The implanted magnet generated a magnetic force on ultra-magnetic liposomes, stabilized in the mesenchymal cells of the connective tissue surrounding colonic crypts after intravenous injection. The magnetically induced pressure quantitatively mimicked the endogenous early tumour growth stress in the order of 1,200 Pa, without affecting tissue stiffness, as monitored by ultrasound strain imaging and shear wave elastography. The exertion of pressure mimicking that of tumour growth led to rapid Ret activation and downstream phosphorylation of β-catenin on Tyr654, imparing its interaction with the E-cadherin in adherens junctions, and which was followed by β-catenin nuclear translocation after 15 days. As a consequence, increased expression of β-catenin-target genes was observed at 1 month, together with crypt enlargement accompanying the formation of early tumorous aberrant crypt foci. Mechanical activation of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway suggests unexplored modes of tumour propagation based on mechanical signalling pathways in healthy epithelial cells surrounding the tumour, which may contribute to tumour heterogeneity.
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188
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Abstract
Elastin is the dominant mammalian elastic protein found in soft tissue. Elastin-based biomaterials have the potential to repair elastic tissues by improving local elasticity and providing appropriate cellular interactions and signaling. Studies that combine these biomaterials with mesenchymal stem cells have demonstrated their capacity to also regenerate non-elastic tissue. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation can be controlled by their immediate environment, and their sensitivity to elasticity makes them an ideal candidate for combining with elastin-based biomaterials. With the growing accessibility of the elastin precursor, tropoelastin, and elastin-derived materials, the amount of research interest in combining these two fields has increased and, subsequently, is leading to the realization of a potentially new strategy for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Ozsvar
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Mithieux
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Wang
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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189
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van Buul JD, Geerts D, Huveneers S. Rho GAPs and GEFs: controling switches in endothelial cell adhesion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:108-24. [PMID: 24622613 PMCID: PMC4049857 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within blood vessels, endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions are crucial to preserve barrier function, and these adhesions are tightly controlled during vascular development, angiogenesis, and transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells. Endothelial cellular signaling that occurs via the family of Rho GTPases coordinates these cell adhesion structures through cytoskeletal remodelling. In turn, Rho GTPases are regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). To understand how endothelial cells initiate changes in the activity of Rho GTPases, and thereby regulate cell adhesion, we will discuss the role of Rho GAPs and GEFs in vascular biology. Many potentially important Rho regulators have not been studied in detail in endothelial cells. We therefore will first overview which GAPs and GEFs are highly expressed in endothelium, based on comparative gene expression analysis of human endothelial cells compared with other tissue cell types. Subsequently, we discuss the relevance of Rho GAPs and GEFs for endothelial cell adhesion in vascular homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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190
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Thodeti CK. A bouquet for a broken heart: can flowers repair a damaged heart? Circ Res 2015; 116:1729-31. [PMID: 25999417 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Thodeti
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH.
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191
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Mechanical induction of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway by tumour growth pressure. Nature 2015; 523:92-5. [PMID: 25970250 DOI: 10.1038/nature14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure exerted by tumour growth onto non-tumorous adjacent epithelium. In the early stage of mouse colon tumour development in the Notch(+)Apc(+/1638N) mouse model, we observed mechanistic pressure stress in the non-tumorous epithelial cells caused by hyper-proliferative adjacent crypts overexpressing active Notch, which is associated with increased Ret and β-catenin signalling. We thus developed a method that allows the delivery of a defined mechanical pressure in vivo, by subcutaneously inserting a magnet close to the mouse colon. The implanted magnet generated a magnetic force on ultra-magnetic liposomes, stabilized in the mesenchymal cells of the connective tissue surrounding colonic crypts after intravenous injection. The magnetically induced pressure quantitatively mimicked the endogenous early tumour growth stress in the order of 1,200 Pa, without affecting tissue stiffness, as monitored by ultrasound strain imaging and shear wave elastography. The exertion of pressure mimicking that of tumour growth led to rapid Ret activation and downstream phosphorylation of β-catenin on Tyr654, imparing its interaction with the E-cadherin in adherens junctions, and which was followed by β-catenin nuclear translocation after 15 days. As a consequence, increased expression of β-catenin-target genes was observed at 1 month, together with crypt enlargement accompanying the formation of early tumorous aberrant crypt foci. Mechanical activation of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway suggests unexplored modes of tumour propagation based on mechanical signalling pathways in healthy epithelial cells surrounding the tumour, which may contribute to tumour heterogeneity.
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192
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Maeng YS, Choi YJ, Kim EK. TGFBIp regulates differentiation of EPC (CD133+
c-kit+
lin−
cells) to EC through activation of the notch signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2052-62. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science; Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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193
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Tu J, Chen Y, Cai L, Xu C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhao J, Cheng J, Xie H, Zhong F, He F. Functional Proteomics Study Reveals SUMOylation of TFII-I is Involved in Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2385-97. [PMID: 25869096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation has emerged as a new regulatory mechanism for proteins involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, the detailed function of SUMOylation in liver cancer is still elusive. This study reveals that the SUMOylation-activating enzyme UBA2 is highly expressed in liver cancer cells and clinical samples. Silencing of UBA2 expression could to some extent suppress cell proliferation. To elucidate the function of UBA2, we used a large scale proteomics strategy to identify SUMOylation targets in HepG2 cells. We characterized 827 potential SUMO1-modified proteins that were not present in the control samples. These proteins were enriched in gene expression processes. Twelve candidates were validated as SUMO1-modified proteins by immunoprecipitation-Western blotting. We further characterized SUMOylated protein TFII-I that was identified in this study and determined that TFII-I was modified by SUMO1 at K221 and K240. PIAS4 was an E3 ligase for TFII-I SUMOylation, and SENP2 was responsible for deSUMOylating TFII-I in HepG2 cells. SUMOylation reduced TFII-I binding to its repressor HDAC3 and thus promoted its transcriptional activity. We further show that SUMOylation is critical for TFII-I to promote cell proliferation and colony formation. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of SUMOylation in liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tu
- †Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lili Cai
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changming Xu
- #College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,§Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- #College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- ‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,§Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fuchu He
- †Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,‡Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,⊥State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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194
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Activation of mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4 normalizes tumor vasculature and improves cancer therapy. Oncogene 2015; 35:314-22. [PMID: 25867067 PMCID: PMC4948740 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vessels are characterized by abnormal morphology and hyper-permeability that together cause inefficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Although VEGF has been established as a critical regulator of tumor angiogenesis, the role of mechanical signaling in the regulation of tumor vasculature or tumor endothelial cell (TEC) function is not known. Here, we show that the mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4 regulates tumor angiogenesis and tumor vessel maturation via modulation of TEC mechanosensitivity. We found that TEC exhibit reduced TRPV4 expression and function, which is correlated with aberrant mechanosensitivity towards ECM stiffness, increased migration and abnormal angiogenesis by TEC. Further, syngeneic tumor experiments revealed that the absence of TRPV4 induced increased vascular density, vessel diameter and reduced pericyte coverage resulting in enhanced tumor growth in TRPV4 KO mice. Importantly, overexpression or pharmacological activation of TRPV4 restored aberrant TEC mechanosensitivity, migration and normalized abnormal angiogenesis in vitro by modulating Rho activity. Finally, a small molecule activator of TRPV4, GSK1016790A, in combination with anti-cancer drug Cisplatin, significantly reduced tumor growth in WT mice by inducing vessel maturation. Our findings demonstrate TRPV4 channels to be critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis and represent a novel target for anti-angiogenic and vascular normalization therapies.
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195
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Biomechanical Stability of Dental Implants in Augmented Maxillary Sites: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study with Four Different Biomaterials and PRF and a Biological View on Guided Bone Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:850340. [PMID: 25954758 PMCID: PMC4410536 DOI: 10.1155/2015/850340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Bone regenerates mainly by periosteal and endosteal humoral and cellular activity, which is given only little concern in surgical techniques and choice of bone grafts for guided bone regeneration. This study investigates on a clinical level the biomechanical stability of augmented sites in maxillary bone when a new class of moldable, self-hardening calcium-phosphate biomaterials (SHB) is used with and without the addition of Platelet Rich Fibrin (aPRF) in the Piezotome-enhanced subperiosteal tunnel-technique (PeSPTT). Material and Methods. 82 patients with horizontal atrophy of anterior maxillary crest were treated with PeSPTT and randomly assigned biphasic (60% HA/40% bTCP) or monophasic (100% bTCP) SHB without or with addition of aPRF. 109 implants were inserted into the augmented sites after 8.3 months and the insertion-torque-value (ITV) measured as clinical expression of the (bio)mechanical stability of the augmented bone and compared to ITVs of a prior study in sinus lifting. Results. Significant better results of (bio)mechanical stability almost by two-fold, expressed by higher ITVs compared to native bone, were achieved with the used biomaterials and more constant results with the addition of aPRF. Conclusion. The use of SHB alone or combined with aPRF seems to be favourable to achieve a superior (bio)mechanical stable restored alveolar bone.
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196
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Campbell CL, Torres-Perez F, Acuna-Retamar M, Schountz T. Transcriptome markers of viral persistence in naturally-infected andes virus (bunyaviridae) seropositive long-tailed pygmy rice rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122935. [PMID: 25856432 PMCID: PMC4391749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-tailed pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) are principal reservoir hosts of Andes virus (ANDV) (Bunyaviridae), which causes most hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome cases in the Americas. To develop tools for the study of the ANDV-host interactions, we used RNA-Seq to generate a de novo transcriptome assembly. Splenic RNA from five rice rats captured in Chile, three of which were ANDV-infected, was used to generate an assembly of 66,173 annotated transcripts, including noncoding RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of selected predicted proteins showed similarities to those of the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), the principal reservoir of Sin Nombre virus (SNV). One of the infected rice rats had about 50-fold more viral burden than the others, suggesting acute infection, whereas the remaining two had levels consistent with persistence. Differential expression analysis revealed distinct signatures among the infected rodents. The differences could be due to 1) variations in viral load, 2) dimorphic or reproductive differences in splenic homing of immune cells, or 3) factors of unknown etiology. In the two persistently infected rice rats, suppression of the JAK-STAT pathway at Stat5b and Ccnot1, elevation of Casp1, RIG-I pathway factors Ppp1cc and Mff, and increased FC receptor-like transcripts occurred. Caspase-1 and Stat5b activation pathways have been shown to stimulate T helper follicular cell (TFH) development in other species. These data are also consistent with reports suggestive of TFH stimulation in deer mice experimentally infected with hantaviruses. In the remaining acutely infected rice rat, the apoptotic pathway marker Cox6a1 was elevated, and putative anti-viral factors Abcb1a, Fam46c, Spp1, Rxra, Rxrb, Trmp2 and Trim58 were modulated. Transcripts for preproenkephalin (Prenk) were reduced, which may be predictive of an increased T cell activation threshold. Taken together, this transcriptome dataset will permit rigorous examination of rice rat-ANDV interactions and may lead to better understanding of virus ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L. Campbell
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Torres-Perez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Tony Schountz
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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197
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Sun J, Xiao Y, Wang S, Slepian MJ, Wong PK. Advances in Techniques for Probing Mechanoregulation of Tissue Morphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:127-37. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068214554802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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198
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Stiffening and unfolding of early deposited-fibronectin increase proangiogenic factor secretion by breast cancer-associated stromal cells. Biomaterials 2015; 54:63-71. [PMID: 25907040 PMCID: PMC4659482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) forms a fibrillar network that controls cell behavior in both physiological and diseased conditions including cancer. Indeed, breast cancer-associated stromal cells not only increase the quantity of deposited Fn but also modify its conformation. However, (i) the interplay between mechanical and conformational properties of early tumor-associated Fn networks and (ii) its effect on tumor vascularization remain unclear. Here, we first used the Surface Forces Apparatus to reveal that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to tumor-secreted factors generate a stiffer Fn matrix relative to control cells. We then show that this early matrix stiffening correlates with increased molecular unfolding in Fn fibers, as determined by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Finally, we assessed the resulting changes in adhesion and proangiogenic factor (VEGF) secretion of newly seeded 3T3-L1s, and we examined altered integrin specificity as a potential mechanism of modified cell-matrix interactions through integrin blockers. Our data indicate that tumor-conditioned Fn decreases adhesion while enhancing VEGF secretion by preadipocytes, and that an integrin switch is responsible for such changes. Collectively, our findings suggest that simultaneous stiffening and unfolding of initially deposited tumor-conditioned Fn alters both adhesion and proangiogenic behavior of surrounding stromal cells, likely promoting vascularization and growth of the breast tumor. This work enhances our knowledge of cell - Fn matrix interactions that may be exploited for other biomaterials-based applications, including advanced tissue engineering approaches.
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199
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Northcott JM, Northey JJ, Barnes JM, Weaver VM. Fighting the force: Potential of homeobox genes for tumor microenvironment regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:248-53. [PMID: 25818365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exist in a constantly evolving stromal microenvironment composed of vasculature, immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, all residing within a dynamic extracellular matrix. In this review, we examine the biochemical and biophysical interactions between these various stromal cells and their matrix microenvironment. While the stroma can alter tumor progression via multiple mechanisms, we emphasize the role of homeobox genes in detecting and modulating the mechanical changes in the microenvironment during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M Northcott
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, UCSF, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Matthew Barnes
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Yao J, Ko CW, Baranov PY, Regatieri CV, Redenti S, Tucker BA, Mighty J, Tao SL, Young MJ. Enhanced differentiation and delivery of mouse retinal progenitor cells using a micropatterned biodegradable thin-film polycaprolactone scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1247-60. [PMID: 25517296 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of retinal tissue in advanced stages of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration and the lack of signaling cues for laminar regeneration are significant challenges highlighting the need for a tissue engineering approach to retinal repair. In this study, we fabricated a biodegradable thin-film polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with varying surface topographies using microfabrication techniques. Mouse retinal progenitor cells (mRPCs) cultured on PCL scaffolds exhibited enhanced potential to differentiate toward a photoreceptor fate in comparison to mRPCs cultured on control substrates, suggesting that PCL scaffolds are promising as substrates to guide differentiation of mRPCs toward a photoreceptor fate in vitro before transplantation. When cocultured with the retinal explants of rhodopsin null mice, mRPC/PCL constructs showed increased mRPC integration rates compared to directly applied dissociated mRPCs. Moreover, these mRPC/PCL constructs could be delivered into the subretinal space of rhodopsin null mice with minimal disturbance of the host retina. Whether cocultured with retinal explants or transplanted into the subretinal space, newly integrated mRPCs localized to the outer nuclear layer and expressed appropriate markers of photoreceptor fate. Thus, the PCL scaffold provides a platform to guide differentiation and organized delivery of mRPCs as a practical strategy to repair damaged retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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