151
|
Simic D, Spasic A, Jovanovic M, Maric P, Milosevic R, Srejovic I. The Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer – What We Rely Know About It? SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) represent a group of drugs that are registered for the treatment of erectile dysfunctions predominantly, but recently also for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. However, more and more research deals with possible antitumor potential of PDE5Is in different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. Prostate cancer represents the one of the most common carcinoma in the male population, whose incidence is continuously increasing. Early detection combined with radical prostatectomy increases the survival rate, but also it is necessary to keep in mind the quality of life of patients undergoing prostatectomy in light of bladder control and erectile function. Authors of various clinical studies presented the results that often lead to totally opposing conclusions. For example, Chavez and colleagues have shown that use of PDE5Is in men with erectile dysfunction decreases the risk of developing prostate cancer, while, on the other hand, Michl and colleagues pointed out the adversely effect of PDE5Is on biochemical recurrence after bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. In that sense, the aim of this review was to present as many as possible of existing results dealing with of action of PDE5Is in the field of prostatic carcinoma. Taking into account all presented data, it can be concluded that eff ect of PDE5Is on formation, development and outcome of treatment in patients with prostate carcinoma is very intriguing question, whose response requires additional both experimental and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Simic
- Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Mirko Jovanovic
- Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Predrag Maric
- Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology , Kragujevac , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Ni D, Lu S, Zhang J. Emerging roles of allosteric modulators in the regulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs): A new paradigm for PPI drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2314-2342. [PMID: 30957264 DOI: 10.1002/med.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are closely implicated in various types of cellular activities and are thus pivotal to health and disease states. Given their fundamental roles in a wide range of biological processes, the modulation of PPIs has enormous potential in drug discovery. However, owing to the general properties of large, flat, and featureless interfaces of PPIs, previous attempts have demonstrated that the generation of therapeutic agents targeting PPI interfaces is challenging, rendering them almost "undruggable" for decades. To date, rapid progress in chemical and structural biology techniques has promoted the exploitation of allostery as a novel approach in drug discovery. By attaching to allosteric sites that are topologically and spatially distinct from PPI interfaces, allosteric modulators can achieve improved physiochemical properties. Thus, allosteric modulators may represent an alternative strategy to target intractable PPIs and have attracted intense pharmaceutical interest. In this review, we first briefly introduce the characteristics of PPIs and then present different approaches for investigating PPIs, as well as the latest methods for modulating PPIs. Importantly, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the development of allosteric modulators to inhibit or stabilize PPIs. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the discovery of allosteric PPI modulators, especially the application of computational methods to aid in allosteric PPI drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Bombicz M, Priksz D, Gesztelyi R, Kiss R, Hollos N, Varga B, Nemeth J, Toth A, Papp Z, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B. The Drug Candidate BGP-15 Delays the Onset of Diastolic Dysfunction in the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030586. [PMID: 30736394 PMCID: PMC6384948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an emerging problem worldwide due to an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Animal studies have indicated that metformin and pioglitazone can prevent DCM partly by normalizing insulin resistance, and partly by other, pleiotropic mechanisms. One clinical study has evidenced the insulin-senzitizing effect of the drug candidate BGP-15, along with additional animal studies that have confirmed its beneficial effects in models of diabetes, muscular dystrophy and heart failure, with the drug affecting chaperones, contractile proteins and mitochondria. Our aim was to investigate whether the inzulin-senzitizer BGP-15 exert any additive cardiovascular effects compared to metformin or pioglitazone, using Goto-Kakizaki (GotoK) rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: (I) healthy control (Wistar), (II) diseased (GotoK), and GotoK rats treated with: (III) BGP-15, (IV) metformin, and (V) pioglitazone, respectively, for 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters and insulin levels were determined at the endpoint. Doppler echocardiography was carried out to estimate diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction. Thoracotomy was performed after the vascular status of rats was evaluated using an isolated aortic ring method. Furthermore, western blot assays were carried out to determine expression or phosphorylation levels of selected proteins that take part in myocyte relaxation. Results: BGP-15 restored diastolic parameters (e′/a′, E/e′, LAP, E and A wave) and improved Tei-index compared to untreated GotoK rats. Vascular status was unaffected by BGP-15. Expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) and phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) were unchanged by the treatments, but the phosphorylation level of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and phospholamban (PLB) increased in BGP-15-treated rats, in comparison to GotoK. Conclusions: Even though the BGP-15-treatment did not interfere significantly with glucose homeostasis and vascular status, it considerably enhanced diastolic function, by affecting the SERCA/phospholamban pathway in GotoK rats. Although it requires further investigation, BGP-15 may offer a new therapeutic approach in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Nora Hollos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Jozsef Nemeth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
van der Velden J, Stienen GJM. Cardiac Disorders and Pathophysiology of Sarcomeric Proteins. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:381-426. [PMID: 30379622 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric proteins represent the structural building blocks of heart muscle, which are essential for contraction and relaxation. During recent years, it has become evident that posttranslational modifications of sarcomeric proteins, in particular phosphorylation, tune cardiac pump function at rest and during exercise. This delicate, orchestrated interaction is also influenced by mutations, predominantly in sarcomeric proteins, which cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we follow a bottom-up approach starting from a description of the basic components of cardiac muscle at the molecular level up to the various forms of cardiac disorders at the organ level. An overview is given of sarcomere changes in acquired and inherited forms of cardiac disease and the underlying disease mechanisms with particular reference to human tissue. A distinction will be made between the primary defect and maladaptive/adaptive secondary changes. Techniques used to unravel functional consequences of disease-induced protein changes are described, and an overview of current and future treatments targeted at sarcomeric proteins is given. The current evidence presented suggests that sarcomeres not only form the basis of cardiac muscle function but also represent a therapeutic target to combat cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ger J M Stienen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands ; and Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Choi M, Park S, Park K, Jeong H, Hong J. Nitric Oxide Delivery Using Biocompatible Perfluorocarbon Microemulsion for Antibacterial Effect. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1378-1383. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moonhyun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejoong Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Ranek MJ, Kokkonen-Simon KM, Chen A, Dunkerly-Eyring BL, Vera MP, Oeing CU, Patel CH, Nakamura T, Zhu G, Bedja D, Sasaki M, Holewinski RJ, Van Eyk JE, Powell JD, Lee DI, Kass DA. PKG1-modified TSC2 regulates mTORC1 activity to counter adverse cardiac stress. Nature 2019; 566:264-269. [PMID: 30700906 PMCID: PMC6426636 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) coordinates regulation of growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, and autophagy1. Its hyper-activation contributes to disease in many organs including the heart1,2, though broad mTORC1 inhibition risks interference with its homeostatic roles. Tuberin (TSC2) is a GTPase-activating protein and prominent intrinsic regulator of mTORC1 by modulating Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain). TSC2 constitutively inhibits mTORC1, but this activity is modified by phosphorylation from multiple signaling kinases to in turn inhibit (AMPK, GSK3β) or stimulate (Akt, ERK, RSK-1) mTORC1 activity3–9. Each kinase requires engagement of multiple serines, impeding analysis of their role in vivo. Here, we reveal phosphorylation or gain-or-loss of function mutations at either of two adjacent serines in TSC2 (S1365/1366 mouse; 1364/1365 human), with no prior known function, is sufficient to bi-directionally potently control growth-factor and hemodynamic-stress stimulated mTORC1 activity and consequent cell growth and autophagy. Basal mTORC1 activity, however, is unchanged. In heart, myocytes, and fibroblasts, phosphorylation occurs by protein kinase G (PKG), a primary effector of nitric oxide and natriuretic peptide signaling whose activation is protective against heart disease10–13. PKG suppression of hypertrophy and stimulation of autophagy in myocytes requires TSC2 phosphorylation. Homozygous knock-in (KI) mice expressing a phospho-silenced TSC2 (S1365A) mutation develop far worse heart disease and mortality from sustained pressure-overload (PO) due to hyperactive mTORC1 that cannot be rescued by PKG stimulation. Heterozygote SA-KI are rescued, and KI-mice expressing a phospho-mimetic (S1365E) mutation are protected. Neither KI model alters resting mTORC1 activity. Thus, TSC2 phosphorylation is both required and sufficient for PKG-mediated cardiac protection against pressure-overload. These newly identified serines provide a genetic tool to bi-directionally regulate the amplitude of stress-stimulated mTORC1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen M Kokkonen-Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Miguel Pinilla Vera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian U Oeing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chirag H Patel
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald J Holewinski
- The Smidt Heart Institute and Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute and Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Patel RB, Shah SJ. Drug Targets for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Mechanistic Approach and Review of Contemporary Clinical Trials. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 59:41-63. [PMID: 30296895 PMCID: PMC6327844 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for over half of prevalent heart failure (HF) worldwide, and prognosis after hospitalization for HFpEF remains poor. Due, at least in part, to the heterogeneous nature of HFpEF, drug development has proved immensely challenging. Currently, there are no universally accepted therapies that alter the clinical course of HFpEF. Despite these challenges, important mechanistic understandings of the disease have revealed that the pathophysiology of HFpEF is distinct from that of HF with reduced ejection fraction and have also highlighted potential new therapeutic targets for HFpEF. Of note, HFpEF is a systemic syndrome affecting multiple organ systems. Depending on the organ systems involved, certain novel therapies offer promise in reducing the morbidity of the HFpEF syndrome. In this review, we aim to discuss novel pharmacotherapies for HFpEF based on its unique pathophysiology and identify key research strategies to further elucidate mechanistic pathways to develop novel therapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
- T1 Center for Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Matsuo A, Nagai-Okatani C, Nishigori M, Kangawa K, Minamino N. Natriuretic peptides in human heart: Novel insight into their molecular forms, functions, and diagnostic use. Peptides 2019; 111:3-17. [PMID: 30120963 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the three natriuretic peptides, atrial/A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain/B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are primarily produced by, and secreted from, heart tissue. They maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor-A. Since plasma ANP and BNP concentrations, as well as expression, are elevated in response to increased body fluid volume and pressure load on the heart wall, these peptides are widely utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for evaluating heart failure. Regardless of their high utility, differences in their molecular forms between healthy and diseased subjects and how these relate to pathophysiology have not well been examined. Recent studies have shown that the circulating molecular forms of ANP and BNP are not uniform; bioactive α-ANP is the major ANP form, whereas the weakly active proBNP is the major BNP form. The relative ratios of the different molecular forms are altered under different pathophysiological conditions. These facts indicate that detailed measurements of each form may provide useful information on the pathophysiological state of heart tissue. Here, we revisit the relationship between the molecular forms of, and pathophysiological alterations in, human ANP and BNP and discuss the possible utility of the measurement of each of the molecular forms. The third peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide, activates natriuretic peptide receptor-B, but little is known about its production and function in the heart because of its extremely low levels. However, through recent studies, its role in the heart is gradually becoming clear. Here, we summarize its molecular forms, assay systems, and functions in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Matsuo
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishigori
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Li EA, Xi W, Han YS, Brozovich FV. Phosphodiesterase expression in the normal and failing heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:160-168. [PMID: 30550727 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing, and for HFpEF, no therapies have clinical benefit. It has been hypothesized that PKG attenuates pathological remodelling, and increasing cGMP would be beneficial for patients with HF. However, neither the RELAX nor NEAT-HFpEF trial showed benefit. But there is still enthusiasm for increasing cGMP in patients with HF, which highlight the need to determine the expression of PDEs in cardiac muscle. This study used immunoblotting to examine the expression of the PDEs that have been suggested to be targets for therapy of HF in both canines (normal and HFpEF) and humans (normal and HFrEF). Our results demonstrate PDE1C and PDE3A are expressed in cardiac muscle, but we could not detect the expression of PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE7A and PDE9A in cardiac tissue lysates from either normal or failing hearts. Thus, one should not expect a clinical benefit for a therapy targeting these PDEs in heart failure, which highlights the importance of rigorous demonstration of the target of therapy prior to undertaking a clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wang Xi
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Young Soo Han
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Frank V Brozovich
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Tamargo J, Caballero R, Delpón E. New drugs in preclinical and early stage clinical development in the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:51-71. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1551357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Novel molecular mechanisms for the adaptogenic effects of herbal extracts on isolated brain cells using systems biology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:257-284. [PMID: 30466987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts that increase adaptability and survival of organisms under stress. Adaptogens stimulate cellular and organismal defense systems by activating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways and expression of stress-activated proteins and neuropeptides. The effects adaptogens on mediators of adaptive stress response and longevity signaling pathways have been reported, but their stress-protective mechanisms are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify key molecular mechanisms of adaptogenic plants traditionally used to treat stress and aging-related disorders, i.e., Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and Bryonia alba. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptogens, we conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of adaptogens and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to adaptive stress-response signaling pathways using in silico pathway analysis software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At least 88 of the 3516 genes regulated by adaptogens were closely associated with adaptive stress response and adaptive stress-response signaling pathways (ASRSPs), including neuronal signaling related to corticotropin-releasing hormone, cAMP-mediated, protein kinase A, and CREB; pathways related to signaling involving CXCR4, melatonin, nitric oxide synthase, GP6, Gαs, MAPK, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, opioids, renin-angiotensin, AMPK, calcium, and synapses; and pathways associated with dendritic cell maturation and G-coupled protein receptor-mediated nutrient sensing in enteroendocrine cells. All samples tested showed significant effects on the expression of genes encoding neurohormones CRH, GNRH, UCN, G-protein-coupled and other transmembrane receptors TLR9, PRLR, CHRNE, GP1BA, PLXNA4, a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor RORA, transmembrane channels, transcription regulators FOS, FOXO6, SCX, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, ZNF467, protein kinases MAPK10, MAPK13, MERTK, FLT1, PRKCH, ROS1, TTN), phosphatases PTPRD, PTPRR, peptidases, metabolic enzymes, a chaperone (HSPA6), and other proteins, all of which modulate numerous life processes, playing key roles in several canonical pathways involved in defense response and regulation of homeostasis in organisms. It is for the first time we report that the molecular mechanism of actions of melatonin and plant adaptogens are alike, all adaptogens tested activated the melatonin signaling pathway by acting through two G-protein-coupled membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and upregulation of the ligand-specific nuclear receptor RORA, which plays a role in intellectual disability, neurological disorders, retinopathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cancer, which are common in aging. Furthermore, melatonin activated adaptive signaling pathways and upregulated expression of UCN, GNRH1, TLR9, GP1BA, PLXNA4, CHRM4, GPR19, VIPR2, RORA, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, FLT1, MAPK10, MERTK, PRKCH, and TTN, which were commonly regulated by all adaptogens tested. We conclude that melatonin is an adaptation hormone playing an important role in regulation of homeostasis. Adaptogens presumably worked as eustressors ("stress-vaccines") to activate the cellular adaptive system by inducing the expression of ASRSPs, which then reciprocally protected cells from damage caused by distress. Functional investigation by interactive pathways analysis demonstrated that adaptogens activated ASRSPs associated with stress-induced and aging-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, cardiovascular health, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and cancer. CONCLUSION This study has elucidated the genome-wide effects of several adaptogenic herbal extracts in brain cells culture. These data highlight the consistent activation of ASRSPs by adaptogens in T98G neuroglia cells. The extracts affected many genes playing key roles in modulation of adaptive homeostasis, indicating their ability to modify gene expression to prevent stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive look at the molecular mechanisms by which adaptogens exerts stress-protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Gori M, D'Elia E, Senni M. Sacubitril/valsartan therapeutic strategy in HFpEF: Clinical insights and perspectives. Int J Cardiol 2018; 281:158-165. [PMID: 30420146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sacubitril/valsartan represents the first of a new class of drugs able to act as a neprilysin inhibitor and as an angiotensin receptor blocker. This double inhibition has the advantage of concomitantly blocking a pro-fibrotic/pro-hypertrophic mechanism (angiotensin receptor blocker component) while stimulating an anti-fibrotic/anti-hypertrophic mechanism (neprilysin inhibitor component). Furthermore, the novel drug has natriuretic and diuretic properties, better preserves renal function, provides better blood pressure control as compared to renin angiotensin system inhibitors, and improves ventricular-arterial coupling. Consequently, sacubitril/valsartan provides greater target organ protection than angiotensin receptor blocker therapy alone, including cardiac, vascular, and renal protection. Up to now, this drug does not have an indication in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, its complex mechanism of action and previous experimental and clinical data seem to suggest its possible success in HFpEF. In this review we highlight and discuss the rationale, clinical insights, and perspectives behind the use of sacubitril/valsartan in HFpEF, specifically referring to its possible efficacy in pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ischemia, renal dysfunction, impaired ventricular-arterial coupling, which are all tightly related to elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure, a common hallmark for this multifaceted syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gori
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emilia D'Elia
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Priksz D, Bombicz M, Varga B, Kurucz A, Gesztelyi R, Balla J, Toth A, Papp Z, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B. Upregulation of Myocardial and Vascular Phosphodiesterase 9A in A Model of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102882. [PMID: 30249014 PMCID: PMC6213954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is strongly associated with cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Besides microvascular dysfunction and diminishment of the cardiac nitric oxide-Protein Kinase G (NO-PKG) pathway, recent evidence suggests that phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) enzyme has an unfavorable role in pathological changes. Here, we characterized a rabbit model that shows cardiac dysfunction as a result of an atherogenic diet, and examined the myocardial PDE9A signaling. Rabbits were divided into Control (normal diet) and HC (atherogenic diet) groups. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Vascular function was assessed, along with serum biomarkers. Histological stains were conducted, expression of selected proteins and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were determined. Signs of diastolic dysfunction were shown in HC animals, along with concentric hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Endothelial function was diminished in HC rabbits, along with marked reduction in the aortic lumen, and increased left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) pressures. A significant increase was shown in myocardial PDE9A levels in HC animals with unchanged vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation and cGMP levels. Upregulation of PDE9A may be associated with early stage of cardiac dysfunction in atherosclerotic conditions. Since PDE9A is involved in cGMP degradation and in deactivation of the cardioprotective PKG signaling pathway, it may become an encouraging target for future investigations in atherosclerotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Kurucz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Jozsef Balla
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Lai B, Li M, Hu WL, Li W, Gan WB. The Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibitor PF-04449613 Promotes Dendritic Spine Formation and Performance Improvement after Motor Learning. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:859-872. [PMID: 30022611 PMCID: PMC6158093 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP is an intracellular second messenger with important roles in neuronal functions and animals' behaviors. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze the second messengers cGMP and cAMP. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9), a main isoform of PDEs hydrolyzing cGMP, has been shown to improve learning and memory as well as cognitive function in rodents. However, the role of PDE9 in regulating neuronal structure and function in vivo remains unclear. Here we used in vivo two-photon microscopy to investigate the effect of a selective PDE9 inhibitor PF-04449613 on the activity and plasticity of dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex. We found that administration of PF-04449613 increased calcium activity of dendrites and dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in mice under resting and running conditions. Chronic treatment of PF-04449613 over weeks increased dendritic spine formation and elimination under basal conditions. Furthermore, PF-04449613 treatment over 1-7 days increased the formation and survival of new spines as well as performance improvement after rotarod motor training. Taken together, our studies suggest that elevating the level of cGMP with the PDE9 inhibitor PF-04449613 increases synaptic calcium activity and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity, thereby contributing to performance improvement after learning. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000-000, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wan-Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Wen-Biao Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Lyle MA, Brozovich FV. HFpEF, a Disease of the Vasculature: A Closer Look at the Other Half. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1305-1314. [PMID: 30064827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure are commonly divided into those with reduced ejection fraction (EF<40%) and those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; EF>50%). For heart failure with reduced EF, a number of therapies have been found to improve patient morbidity and mortality, and treatment is guideline based. However for patients with HFpEF, no treatment has been found to have clinical benefit. To objectively assess treatments for HFpEF, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was performed using the terms HFpEF, heart failure, smooth muscle, myosin, myosin phosphatase, and PKG (up to December 31, 2017), with an unbiased focus on pathophysiology, cell signaling, and therapy. This review provides evidence that could explain the lack of clinical benefit in treating patients with HFpEF with sildenafil and long-acting nitrates. Furthermore, the review highlights the vascular abnormalities present in patients with HFpEF, and these abnormalities of the vasculature could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Thus, focusing on HFpEF as a vascular disease could result in the development of novel and effective treatment paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lyle
- Department of Cadiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Frank V Brozovich
- Department of Cadiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Kokkonen-Simon KM, Saberi A, Nakamura T, Ranek MJ, Zhu G, Bedja D, Kuhn M, Halushka MK, Lee DI, Kass DA. Marked disparity of microRNA modulation by cGMP-selective PDE5 versus PDE9 inhibitors in heart disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121739. [PMID: 30089721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) posttranscriptionally regulate mRNA and its translation into protein, and are considered master controllers of genes modulating normal physiology and disease. There is growing interest in how miRs change with drug treatment, and leveraging this for precision guided therapy. Here we contrast 2 closely related therapies, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 or type 9 (PDE5-I, PDE9-I), given to mice subjected to sustained cardiac pressure overload (PO). Both inhibitors augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to activate protein kinase G, with PDE5-I regulating nitric oxide (NO) and PDE9-I natriuretic peptide-dependent signaling. While both produced strong phenotypic improvement of PO pathobiology, they surprisingly showed binary differences in miR profiles; PDE5-I broadly reduces more than 120 miRs, including nearly half those increased by PO, whereas PDE9-I has minimal impact on any miR (P < 0.0001). The disparity evolves after pre-miR processing and is organ specific. Lastly, even enhancing NO-coupled cGMP by different methods leads to altered miR regulation. Thus, seemingly similar therapeutic interventions can be barcoded by profound differences in miR signatures, and reversing disease-associated miR changes is not required for therapy success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Kokkonen-Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir Saberi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong Ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Real-Time Imaging Reveals Augmentation of Glutamate-Induced Ca 2+ Transients by the NO-cGMP Pathway in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082185. [PMID: 30049956 PMCID: PMC6121606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of NO-cGMP signaling have been implicated in various neurological disorders. We have studied the potential crosstalk of cGMP and Ca2+ signaling in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) by simultaneous real-time imaging of these second messengers in living cells. The NO donor DEA/NO evoked cGMP signals in the granule cell layer of acute cerebellar slices from transgenic mice expressing a cGMP sensor protein. cGMP and Ca2+ dynamics were visualized in individual CGNs in primary cultures prepared from 7-day-old cGMP sensor mice. DEA/NO increased the intracellular cGMP concentration and augmented glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients. These effects of DEA/NO were absent in CGNs isolated from knockout mice lacking NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Furthermore, application of the cGMP analogues 8-Br-cGMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP, which activate cGMP effector proteins such as cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs), also potentiated glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients. Western blot analysis failed to detect cGK type I or II in our primary CGNs. The addition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors during cGMP imaging showed that CGNs degrade cGMP mainly via Zaprinast-sensitive PDEs, most likely PDE5 and/or PDE10, but not via PDE1, 2, or 3. In sum, these data delineate a cGK-independent NO-cGMP signaling cascade that increases glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling in CGNs. This cGMP–Ca2+ crosstalk likely affects neurotransmitter-stimulated functions of CGNs.
Collapse
|
168
|
Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibition preferentially promotes NO/guanylyl cyclase/cGMP signaling to reverse the development of heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7428-E7437. [PMID: 30012589 PMCID: PMC6077693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800996115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a shared manifestation of several cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension and myocardial infarction, and a limited repertoire of treatment modalities entails that the associated morbidity and mortality remain high. Impaired nitric oxide (NO)/guanylyl cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, underpinned, in part, by up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes, contributes to the pathogenesis of HF, and interventions targeted to enhancing cGMP have proven effective in preclinical models and patients. Numerous PDE isozymes coordinate the regulation of cardiac cGMP in the context of HF; PDE2 expression and activity are up-regulated in experimental and human HF, but a well-defined role for this isoform in pathogenesis has yet to be established, certainly in terms of cGMP signaling. Herein, using a selective pharmacological inhibitor of PDE2, BAY 60-7550, and transgenic mice lacking either NO-sensitive GC-1α (GC-1α-/-) or natriuretic peptide-responsive GC-A (GC-A-/-), we demonstrate that the blockade of PDE2 promotes cGMP signaling to offset the pathogenesis of experimental HF (induced by pressure overload or sympathetic hyperactivation), reversing the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, compromised contractility, and cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we show that this beneficial pharmacodynamic profile is maintained in GC-A-/- mice but is absent in animals null for GC-1α or treated with a NO synthase inhibitor, revealing that PDE2 inhibition preferentially enhances NO/GC/cGMP signaling in the setting of HF to exert wide-ranging protection to preserve cardiac structure and function. These data substantiate the targeting of PDE2 in HF as a tangible approach to maximize myocardial cGMP signaling and enhancing therapy.
Collapse
|
169
|
Subramanian H, Froese A, Jönsson P, Schmidt H, Gorelik J, Nikolaev VO. Distinct submembrane localisation compartmentalises cardiac NPR1 and NPR2 signalling to cGMP. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2446. [PMID: 29934640 PMCID: PMC6014982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are important hormones that regulate multiple cellular functions including cardiovascular physiology. In the heart, two natriuretic peptide receptors NPR1 and NPR2 act as membrane guanylyl cyclases to produce 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Although both receptors protect from cardiac hypertrophy, their effects on contractility are markedly different, from little effect (NPR1) to pronounced negative inotropic and positive lusitropic responses (NPR2) with unclear underlying mechanisms. Here we use a scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) approach combined with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cGMP biosensors to show that whereas NPR2 is uniformly localised on the cardiomyocyte membrane, functional NPR1 receptors are found exclusively in membrane invaginations called transverse (T)-tubules. This leads to far-reaching CNP/NPR2/cGMP signals, whereas ANP/NPR1/cGMP signals are highly confined to T-tubular microdomains by local pools of phosphodiesterase 2. This provides a previously unrecognised molecular basis for clearly distinct functional effects engaged by different cGMP producing membrane receptors. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are important hormones that regulate cardiovascular physiology by increasing cGMP levels in cardiomyocytes. Here the authors use scanning ion conductance microscopy and a cGMP FRET sensor to identify a differential localisation pattern for the natriuretic peptide receptors within the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Subramanian
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martnistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Hofmann F. A concise discussion of the regulatory role of cGMP kinase I in cardiac physiology and pathology. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:31. [PMID: 29934662 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The underlying cause of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure has been investigated in great detail using different mouse models. These studies indicated that cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) may ameliorate these negative phenotypes in the adult heart. Recently, evidence has been published that cardiac mitochondrial BKCa channels are a target for cGKI and that activation of mitoBKCa channels may cause some of the positive effects of conditioning in ischemia/reperfusion injury. It will be pointed out that most studies could not present convincing evidence that it is the cGMP level and the activity cGKI in specific cardiac cells that reduces hypertrophy or heart failure. However, anti-fibrotic compounds stimulating nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase may be an upcoming therapy for abnormal cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hofmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, TU München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Harada E, Mizuno Y, Kugimiya F, Shono M, Maeda H, Yano N, Yasue H. Sex Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Reflected by B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:335-343. [PMID: 30360801 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases with advancing age, particularly among women. Plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a surrogate marker of heart failure, have consistently been shown to be higher in women in the general populations. Whether BNP levels differ as per the sex of HFpEF patients remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects were 733 HFpEF patients (204 men and 529 women, aged 80.9 ± 9.6 years) who underwent echocardiography and routine clinical examination, including plasma BNP level evaluation. These parameters were compared between women and men. RESULTS Plasma levels of BNP were significantly lower in women than in men (104 [61, 192] versus 133 [78, 255] pg/mL, P < 0.001), just as hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, beta-blockers, left ventricular diastolic dimension, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy and left atrial dimension were. Age, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, left ventricular relative wall thickness, left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular concentric hypertrophy were higher in women than in men. Multiple regression analyses revealed that left ventricular mass index, body mass index, the ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to tissue annular motion velocity divided by left ventricular diastolic dimension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, beta-blockers, left atrial dimensions, female sex and atrial fibrillation were significant predictors for BNP levels (t = 5.41, P < 0.001; t = -4.06, P < 0.001; t = 3.76, P < 0.001; t = -3.68, P < 0.001; t = 3.32, P = 0.001; t = 3.11, P = 0.002; t = -3.07, P = 0.002; and t = 2.65, P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plasma BNP levels were lower in women and were related to left ventricular concentric remodeling and hypertrophy among HFpEF patients, contrary to those in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kugimiya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Shono
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Yano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yasue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as an important risk factor for the increased cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:113-120. [PMID: 29928990 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been recognized that the traditional cardiovascular risk factors could only partially explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N-monomethy l-arginine (L-NMMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases that attenuate nitric oxide production and enhance reactive oxidative specie generation. Increased plasma ADMA and/or L-NMMA are strong and independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and heart failure. Both ADMA and L-NMMA are also eliminated from the body through either degradation by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) or urine excretion. This short review will exam the literature of ADMA and L-NMMA degradation and urine excretion, and the role of chronic kidney diseases in ADMA and L-NMMA accumulation and the increased cardiovascular disease risk. Based on all available data, it appears that the increased cardiovascular morbidity in chronic kidney disease may relate to the dramatic increase of systemic ADMA and L-NMMA after kidney failure.
Collapse
|
173
|
Lam CSP, Voors AA, de Boer RA, Solomon SD, van Veldhuisen DJ. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from mechanisms to therapies. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:2780-2792. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AB31, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AB31, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AB31, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AB31, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Compartmentalized cyclic nucleotides have opposing effects on regulation of hypertrophic phospholipase Cε signaling in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:51-59. [PMID: 29885334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes activation of an exchange factor activated by cAMP (Epac) leads to activation of phospholipase Cε (PLCε)-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) in the Golgi apparatus a process critical for development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here we show that β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation does not stimulate this pathway in the presence of the broad spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor IBMX, but selective PDE3 inhibition revealed βAR-dependent PI4P depletion. On the other hand, selective inhibition of PDE2 or PDE9A blocked endothelin-1 (ET-1) and cAMP-dependent PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε. Direct activation of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG), or the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptor abolished PI4P hydrolysis in response to multiple upstream stimuli. These results reveal distinct pools of cyclic nucleotides that either inhibit PLCε at the Golgi through PKA/PKG, or activate PLCε at the Golgi through Epac. These data together reveal a new mechanism by which ANF and selective PDE inhibitors can protect against cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
|
175
|
Bardsley EN, Davis H, Ajijola OA, Buckler KJ, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8633. [PMID: 29872217 PMCID: PMC5988725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Harvey Davis
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keith J Buckler
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Vong LB, Bui TQ, Tomita T, Sakamoto H, Hiramatsu Y, Nagasaki Y. Novel angiogenesis therapeutics by redox injectable hydrogel - Regulation of local nitric oxide generation for effective cardiovascular therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 167:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
177
|
Discovery and development of next generation sGC stimulators with diverse multidimensional pharmacology and broad therapeutic potential. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:72-80. [PMID: 29859918 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophophate (cGMP), transduces many of the physiological effects of the gasotransmitter NO. Upon binding of NO to the prosthetic heme group of sGC, a conformational change occurs, resulting in enzymatic activation and increased production of cGMP. cGMP modulates several downstream cellular and physiological responses, including but not limited to vasodilation. Impairment of this signaling system and altered NO-cGMP homeostasis have been implicated in cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and hepatic pathologies. sGC stimulators, small molecule drugs that synergistically increase sGC enzyme activity with NO, have shown great potential to treat a variety of diseases via modulation of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling. Here, we give an overview of novel, orally available sGC stimulators that Ironwood Pharmaceuticals is developing. We outline the non-clinical and clinical studies, highlighting pharmacological and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, including pharmacodynamic (PD) effects, and efficacy in a variety of disease models.
Collapse
|
178
|
cGMP at the centre of attention: emerging strategies for activating the cardioprotective PKG pathway. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:24. [PMID: 29766323 PMCID: PMC5954070 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway has been known for some time to be an important target for cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. While many approaches for reducing infarct size in patients have failed in the past, the advent of novel drugs that modulate cGMP and its downstream targets shows very promising results in recent preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review main aspects of the NO-PKG pathway in light of recent drug development and summarise potential cardioprotective strategies in which cGMP is the main player.
Collapse
|
179
|
Roles of PDE1 in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020022. [PMID: 29690591 PMCID: PMC6023290 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction is a response to various stress stimuli and can result in reduced cardiac output and heart failure. Cyclic nucleotide signaling regulates several cardiac functions including contractility, remodeling, and fibrosis. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides, are critical in the homeostasis of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and hold great therapeutic potential as drug targets. Recent studies have revealed that the inhibition of the PDE family member PDE1 plays a protective role in pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by the modulation of distinct cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent key findings regarding the roles of PDE1 in the cardiac system that can lead to a better understanding of its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
180
|
Russwurm M, Koesling D. Measurement of cGMP-generating and -degrading activities and cGMP levels in cells and tissues: Focus on FRET-based cGMP indicators. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:44-52. [PMID: 29684551 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular messenger molecule cGMP has an established function in the regulation of numerous physiological events. Yet for the identification of further biological cGMP-mediated functions, precise information whether a cGMP response exists in a certain cell type or tissue is mandatory. In this review, the techniques to measure cGMP i.e. cGMP-formation, -degradation or levels are outlined and discussed. As a superior method to measure cGMP, the article focusses on FRET-based cGMP indicators, describes the different cGMP indicators and discusses their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, the successful applications of these cGMP indicators to measure cGMP responses in cells and tissues are outlined and summarized. Hopefully, with the availability of the FRET-based cGMP indicators, the knowledge about the cGMP responses in special cells or tissues is going to increase thereby allowing to assess further cGMP-mediated functional responses and possibly to address their pathophysiology with the available guanylyl cyclase activators, stimulators and PDE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Russwurm
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Doris Koesling
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
|
182
|
Identifying Patients with Atrioventricular Septal Defect in Down Syndrome Populations by Using Self-Normalizing Neural Networks and Feature Selection. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040208. [PMID: 29649131 PMCID: PMC5924550 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a clinically significant subtype of congenital heart disease (CHD) that severely influences the health of babies during birth and is associated with Down syndrome (DS). Thus, exploring the differences in functional genes in DS samples with and without AVSD is a critical way to investigate the complex association between AVSD and DS. In this study, we present a computational method to distinguish DS patients with AVSD from those without AVSD using the newly proposed self-normalizing neural network (SNN). First, each patient was encoded by using the copy number of probes on chromosome 21. The encoded features were ranked by the reliable Monte Carlo feature selection (MCFS) method to obtain a ranked feature list. Based on this feature list, we used a two-stage incremental feature selection to construct two series of feature subsets and applied SNNs to build classifiers to identify optimal features. Results show that 2737 optimal features were obtained, and the corresponding optimal SNN classifier constructed on optimal features yielded a Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) value of 0.748. For comparison, random forest was also used to build classifiers and uncover optimal features. This method received an optimal MCC value of 0.582 when top 132 features were utilized. Finally, we analyzed some key features derived from the optimal features in SNNs found in literature support to further reveal their essential roles.
Collapse
|
183
|
Bork NI, Nikolaev VO. cGMP Signaling in the Cardiovascular System-The Role of Compartmentation and Its Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534460 PMCID: PMC5877662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulates multiple physiologic processes in the cardiovascular system. Its intracellular effects are mediated by stringently controlled subcellular microdomains. In this review, we will illustrate the current techniques available for real-time cGMP measurements with a specific focus on live cell imaging methods. We will also discuss currently accepted and emerging mechanisms of cGMP compartmentation in the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja I Bork
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Rainer PP, Dong P, Sorge M, Fert-Bober J, Holewinski RJ, Wang Y, Foss CA, An SS, Baracca A, Solaini G, Glabe CG, Pomper MG, Van Eyk JE, Tomaselli GF, Paolocci N, Agnetti G. Desmin Phosphorylation Triggers Preamyloid Oligomers Formation and Myocyte Dysfunction in Acquired Heart Failure. Circ Res 2018; 122:e75-e83. [PMID: 29483093 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disrupted proteostasis is one major pathological trait that heart failure (HF) shares with other organ proteinopathies, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Yet, differently from the latter, whether and how cardiac preamyloid oligomers (PAOs) develop in acquired forms of HF is unclear. OBJECTIVE We previously reported a rise in monophosphorylated, aggregate-prone desmin in canine and human HF. We now tested whether monophosphorylated desmin acts as the seed nucleating PAOs formation and determined whether positron emission tomography is able to detect myocardial PAOs in nongenetic HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we first show that toxic cardiac PAOs accumulate in the myocardium of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and that PAOs comigrate with the cytoskeletal protein desmin in this well-established model of acquired HF. We confirm this evidence in cardiac extracts from human ischemic and nonischemic HF. We also demonstrate that Ser31 phosphorylated desmin aggregates extensively in cultured cardiomyocytes. Lastly, we were able to detect the in vivo accumulation of cardiac PAOs using positron emission tomography for the first time in acquired HF. CONCLUSIONS Ser31 phosphorylated desmin is a likely candidate seed for the nucleation process leading to cardiac PAOs deposition. Desmin post-translational processing and misfolding constitute a new, attractive avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiac accumulation of toxic PAOs that can now be measured by positron emission tomography in acquired HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Rainer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (P.P.R.)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Peihong Dong
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | | | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly-Hills, CA (J.F.-B., R.J.H., J.E.V.E.)
| | | | - Yuchuan Wang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Steven S An
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (S.S.A.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
| | | | - Martin G Pomper
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly-Hills, CA (J.F.-B., R.J.H., J.E.V.E.)
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
- University of Perugia, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Singh P, Vijayakumar S, Kalogeroupoulos A, Butler J. Multiple Avenues of Modulating the Nitric Oxide Pathway in Heart Failure Clinical Trials. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2018; 15:44-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-018-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
186
|
Ercu M, Klussmann E. Roles of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins and Phosphodiesterases in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010014. [PMID: 29461511 PMCID: PMC5872362 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes in the cyclic adenosine 3′-5′ monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. They establish local cAMP pools by controlling the intensity, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling. Various members of the AKAP and PDE families are expressed in the cardiovascular system and direct important processes maintaining homeostatic functioning of the heart and vasculature, e.g., the endothelial barrier function and excitation-contraction coupling. Dysregulation of AKAP and PDE function is associated with pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system including heart failure, hypertension and atherosclerosis. A number of diseases, including autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly (HTNB) and type I long-QT syndrome (LQT1), result from mutations in genes encoding for distinct members of the two classes of enzymes. This review provides an overview over the AKAPs and PDEs relevant for cAMP compartmentalization in the heart and vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological role as well as highlights the potential benefits of targeting these proteins and their protein-protein interactions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ercu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin 13347, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Patel NS, Klett J, Pilarzyk K, Lee DI, Kass D, Menniti FS, Kelly MP. Identification of new PDE9A isoforms and how their expression and subcellular compartmentalization in the brain change across the life span. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 65:217-234. [PMID: 29505961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade 3',5' cyclic adenonosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), with PDE9A having the highest affinity for cGMP. We show PDE9A6 and 3 novel PDE9 isoforms (PDE9X-100, PDE9X-120, and PDE9X-175) are reliably detected in the brain and lung of mice, whereas PDE9A2 and other isoforms are found elsewhere. PDE9A localizes to the membrane in all organs except the bladder, where it is cytosolic. Brain additionally shows PDE9 in the nuclear fraction. PDE9A mRNA expression/localization dramatically changes across neurodevelopment in a manner that is strikingly consistent between mice and humans (i.e., decreased expression in the hippocampus and cortex and inverted-U in the cerebellum). Study of the 4 PDE9 isoforms in the mouse brain from postnatal day 7 through 24 months similarly identifies dramatic effects of age on expression and subcellular compartmentalization that are isoform specific and brain region specific. Finally, PDE9A mRNA is elevated in the aged human hippocampus with dementia when there is a history of traumatic brain injury. Thus, brain PDE9 is localized to preferentially regulate nuclear- and membrane-proximal pools of cGMP, and its function likely changes across the life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neema S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer Klett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katy Pilarzyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dong Ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - David Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Frank S Menniti
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Pavlaki N, Nikolaev VO. Imaging of PDE2- and PDE3-Mediated cGMP-to-cAMP Cross-Talk in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010004. [PMID: 29367582 PMCID: PMC5872352 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are important second messengers that regulate cardiovascular function and disease by acting in discrete subcellular microdomains. Signaling compartmentation at these locations is often regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Some PDEs are also involved in the cross-talk between the two second messengers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight recent findings about the role of PDE2 and PDE3 in cardiomyocyte cyclic nucleotide compartmentation and visualization of this process using live cell imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Kelly MP. Cyclic nucleotide signaling changes associated with normal aging and age-related diseases of the brain. Cell Signal 2018; 42:281-291. [PMID: 29175000 PMCID: PMC5732030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in brain function that are associated with aging and age-related diseases benefit very little from currently available therapies, suggesting a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is needed to develop improved drugs. Here, we review the literature to test the hypothesis that a break down in cyclic nucleotide signaling at the level of synthesis, execution, and/or degradation may contribute to these deficits. A number of findings have been reported in both the human and animal model literature that point to brain region-specific changes in Galphas (a.k.a. Gαs or Gsα), adenylyl cyclase, 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCNs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclase, 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among the most reproducible findings are 1) elevated circulating ANP and BNP levels being associated with cognitive dysfunction or dementia independent of cardiovascular effects, 2) reduced basal and/or NMDA-stimulated cGMP levels in brain with aging or Alzheimer's disease (AD), 3) reduced adenylyl cyclase activity in hippocampus and specific cortical regions with aging or AD, 4) reduced expression/activity of PKA in temporal cortex and hippocampus with AD, 5) reduced phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampus with aging or AD, 6) reduced expression/activity of the PDE4 family in brain with aging, 7) reduced expression of PDE10A in the striatum with Huntington's disease (HD) or Parkinson's disease, and 8) beneficial effects of select PDE inhibitors, particularly PDE10 inhibitors in HD models and PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors in aging and AD models. Although these findings generally point to a reduction in cyclic nucleotide signaling being associated with aging and age-related diseases, there are exceptions. In particular, there is evidence for increased cAMP signaling specifically in aged prefrontal cortex, AD cerebral vessels, and PD hippocampus. Thus, if cyclic nucleotide signaling is going to be targeted effectively for therapeutic gain, it will have to be manipulated in a brain region-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, VA Bldg 1, 3rd Floor, D-12, Columbia, SC 29209, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Sala V, Margaria JP, Murabito A, Morello F, Ghigo A, Hirsch E. Therapeutic Targeting of PDEs and PI3K in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:187-196. [PMID: 28451983 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent disease with considerable individual and societal burden. HFpEF patients often suffer from multiple pathological conditions thatcomplicate management and adversely affect outcome, including pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, no treatment proved to be fully effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in HFpEF, possibly due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS The emerging view proposes chronic systemic inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, as a prominent cause of HFpEF, rather than a mere co-existent disease. In the last decade, efforts from pharmaceutical companies attempted to target pharmacologically enzymes which play key roles in systemic and lung inflammation, such as the cyclic nucleotide-degrading enzymes phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and phosphoinositide-3 phosphate kinases (PI3Ks), especially to limit COPD. In this review, we will summarize major successes and drawbacks of hitting these enzymes to tackle inflammation in HFpEF-associated co-morbidities, with a major focus on the results of completed and ongoing clinical trials. Finally, we will discuss the potential of repurposing and/or developing new PDE and PI3K inhibitors for HFpEF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- S.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Morello
- S.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Liu Q, Hu J, Whittaker MR, Davis TP, Boyd BJ. Nitric oxide-sensing actuators for modulating structure in lipid-based liquid crystalline drug delivery systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 508:517-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
192
|
Disease gene classification with metagraph representations. Methods 2017; 131:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
193
|
Cardiac Phosphodiesterases and Their Modulation for Treating Heart Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:249-269. [PMID: 27787716 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An important hallmark of cardiac failure is abnormal second messenger signaling due to impaired synthesis and catabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP). Their dysregulation, altered intracellular targeting, and blunted responsiveness to stimulating pathways all contribute to pathological remodeling, muscle dysfunction, reduced cell survival and metabolism, and other abnormalities. Therapeutic enhancement of either cyclic nucleotides can be achieved by stimulating their synthesis and/or by suppressing members of the family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The heart expresses seven of the eleven major PDE subtypes - PDE1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9. Their differential control over cAMP and cGMP signaling in various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, provides intriguing therapeutic opportunities to counter heart disease. This review examines the roles of these PDEs in the failing and hypertrophied heart and summarizes experimental and clinical data that have explored the utility of targeted PDE inhibition.
Collapse
|
194
|
Gorter TM, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bauersachs J, Borlaug BA, Celutkiene J, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Guazzi M, Harjola VP, Heymans S, Hill L, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lund LH, Lyon AR, Mebazaa A, Mueller C, Paulus WJ, Pieske B, Piepoli MF, Ruschitzka F, Rutten FH, Seferovic PM, Solomon SD, Shah SJ, Triposkiadis F, Wachter R, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA. Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 20:16-37. [PMID: 29044932 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Until recently, attention in patients with HFpEF was almost exclusively focused on the left side. However, it is now increasingly recognized that right heart dysfunction is common and contributes importantly to poor prognosis in HFpEF. More insights into the development of right heart dysfunction in HFpEF may aid to our knowledge about this complex disease and may eventually lead to better treatments to improve outcomes in these patients. In this position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the Committee on Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction reviews the prevalence, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of right heart dysfunction and failure in patients with HFpEF. Finally, potential treatment strategies, important knowledge gaps and future directions regarding the right side in HFpEF are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Gorter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jelena Celutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrew J S Coats
- Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,University of Warwick, Kirby Corner Road, Coventry CV4 8UW, UK
| | - Marisa G Crespo-Leiro
- Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Servicio de Cardiologia-CIBERCV, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto Investigación Biomedica A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidad da Coruña (UDC), La Coruña, Spain
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Heart Failure Unit, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Veli-Pekka Harjola
- Emergency Medicine, University of Helsinki, Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, APHP - Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, and Department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiac Department, G. da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frans H Rutten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petar M Seferovic
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Centre Serbia, Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and German Cardiovascular Research Center, partner site Göttingen
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, and Department of Internal Medicine Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Compartmentation of Natriuretic Peptide Signalling in Cardiac Myocytes: Effects on Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54579-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
|
196
|
Höllerhage M, Moebius C, Melms J, Chiu WH, Goebel JN, Chakroun T, Koeglsperger T, Oertel WH, Rösler TW, Bickle M, Höglinger GU. Protective efficacy of phosphodiesterase-1 inhibition against alpha-synuclein toxicity revealed by compound screening in LUHMES cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11469. [PMID: 28904388 PMCID: PMC5597612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity is a core pathogenic event in neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. There is currently no disease-modifying therapy available for these diseases. We screened 1,600 FDA-approved drugs for their efficacy to protect LUHMES cells from degeneration induced by wild-type α-synuclein and identified dipyridamole, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, as top hit. Systematic analysis of other phosphodiesterase inhibitors identified a specific phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitor as most potent to rescue from α-synuclein toxicity. Protection was mediated by an increase of cGMP and associated with the reduction of a specific α-synuclein oligomeric species. RNA interference experiments confirmed PDE1A and to a smaller extent PDE1C as molecular targets accounting for the protective efficacy. PDE1 inhibition also rescued dopaminergic neurons from wild-type α-synuclein induced degeneration in the substantia nigra of mice. In conclusion, this work identifies inhibition of PDE1A in particular as promising target for neuroprotective treatment of synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Höllerhage
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Moebius
- HT-Technology Development Studio, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Melms
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joachim N Goebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tasnim Chakroun
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Rösler
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Bickle
- HT-Technology Development Studio, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-81337, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Wang PX, Li ZM, Cai SD, Li JY, He P, Huang Y, Feng GS, Luo HB, Chen SR, Liu PQ. C33(S), a novel PDE9A inhibitor, protects against rat cardiac hypertrophy through upregulating cGMP signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28649129 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-9A (PDE9A) expression is upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Accumulating evidence suggests that PDE9A might be a promising therapeutic target for heart diseases. The present study sought to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of C33(S), a novel selective PDE9A inhibitor, on cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with PE (100 μmol/L) or ISO (1 μmol/L) induced cardiac hypertrophy characterized by significantly increased cell surface areas and increased expression of fetal genes (ANF and BNP). Furthermore, PE or ISO significantly increased the expression of PDE9A in the cells; whereas knockdown of PDE9A significantly alleviated PE-induced hypertrophic responses. Moreover, pretreatment with PDE9A inhibitor C33(S) (50 and 500 nmol/L) or PF-7943 (2 μmol/L) also alleviated the cardiac hypertrophic responses in PE-treated NRCMs. Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and ISO-induced heart failure were established in SD rats. In ISO-treated rats, oral administration of C33(S) (9, 3, and 1 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 3 consecutive weeks) significantly increased fractional shortening (43.55%±3.98%, 54.79%±1.95%, 43.98%±7.96% vs 32.18%±6.28%), ejection fraction (72.97%±4.64%, 84.29%±1.56%, 73.41%±9.37% vs 49.17%±4.20%) and cardiac output (60.01±9.11, 69.40±11.63, 58.08±8.47 mL/min vs 48.97±2.11 mL/min) but decreased the left ventricular internal diameter, suggesting that the transition to heart failure was postponed by C33(S). We further revealed that C33(S) significantly elevated intracellular cGMP levels, phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) and expression of SERCA2a in PE-treated NRCMs in vitro and in ISO-induced heart failure model in vivo. Our results demonstrate that C33(S) effectively protects against cardiac hypertrophy and postpones the transition to heart failure, suggesting that it is a promising agent in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
198
|
Cardiomyocyte dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) plays an important role in attenuating ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:55. [PMID: 28819685 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases that limits nitric oxide bioavailability. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) exerts a critical role for ADMA degradation and plays an important role in NO signaling. In the heart, DDAH1 is observed in endothelial cells and in the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. While NO signaling is important for cardiac adaptation to stress, DDAH1 impact on cardiomyocyte homeostasis is not clear. Here we used the MerCreMer-LoxP model to specifically disrupt cardiomyocyte DDAH1 expression in adult mice to determine the physiological impact of cardiomyocyte DDAH1 under basal conditions and during hypertrophic stress imposed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Under control conditions, cardiomyocyte-specific DDAH1 knockout (cDDAH KO) had no detectable effect on plasma ADMA and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy or function in adult or aging mice. In response to TAC, DDAH1 levels were elevated 2.5-fold in WT mice, which exhibited no change in LV or plasma ADMA content and moderate LV hypertrophy and LV dysfunction. In contrast, cDDAH1 KO mice exposed to TAC showed no increase in LV DDAH1 expression, slightly increased LV tissue ADMA levels, no increase in plasma ADMA, but significantly exacerbated LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, nitrotyrosine production, and LV dysfunction. These findings indicate cardiomyocyte DDAH1 activity is dispensable for cardiac function under basal conditions, but plays an important role in attenuating cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling under stress conditions, possibly through locally confined regulation of subcellular ADMA and NO signaling.
Collapse
|
199
|
Shafiee-Nick R, Afshari AR, Mousavi SH, Rafighdoust A, Askari VR, Mollazadeh H, Fanoudi S, Mohtashami E, Rahimi VB, Mohebbi M, Vahedi MM. A comprehensive review on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:541-556. [PMID: 28779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, which assume a key role in directing intracellular levels of the second messengers' cAMP and cGMP, and consequently cell function. The disclosure of 11 isoenzyme families and our expanded knowledge of their functions at the cell and molecular level stimulate the improvement of isoenzyme selective inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Hence, future and new mechanistic investigations and carefully designed clinical trials could help reap additional benefits of natural/synthetic PDE inhibitors for cardiovascular disease in patients. This review has concentrated on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiee-Nick
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbasali Rafighdoust
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Department of Pharmacodynamic and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Mohebbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Solomon SD, Rizkala AR, Gong J, Wang W, Anand IS, Ge J, Lam CS, Maggioni AP, Martinez F, Packer M, Pfeffer MA, Pieske B, Redfield MM, Rouleau JL, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Zannad F, Zile MR, Desai AS, Shi VC, Lefkowitz MP, McMurray JJ. Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2017; 5:471-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|