151
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Harton MD, Koh WS, Bunker AD, Singh A, Batchelor E. p53 pulse modulation differentially regulates target gene promoters to regulate cell fate decisions. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8685. [PMID: 31556489 PMCID: PMC6761572 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates distinct responses to cellular stresses. Although different stresses generate different p53 dynamics, the mechanisms by which cells decode p53 dynamics to differentially regulate target genes are not well understood. Here, we determined in individual cells how canonical p53 target gene promoters vary in responsiveness to features of p53 dynamics. Employing a chemical perturbation approach, we independently modulated p53 pulse amplitude, duration, or frequency, and we then monitored p53 levels and target promoter activation in individual cells. We identified distinct signal processing features-thresholding in response to amplitude modulation, a refractory period in response to duration modulation, and dynamic filtering in response to frequency modulation. We then showed that the signal processing features not only affect p53 target promoter activation, they also affect p53 regulation and downstream cellular functions. Our study shows how different promoters can differentially decode features of p53 dynamics to generate distinct responses, providing insight into how perturbing p53 dynamics can be used to generate distinct cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Harton
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Woo Seuk Koh
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Amie D Bunker
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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152
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Oelz D, Khataee H, Czirok A, Neufeld Z. Polarization wave at the onset of collective cell migration. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032403. [PMID: 31640045 PMCID: PMC6894614 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration underlies morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression. How the biomechanical coupling between epithelial cells triggers and coordinates the collective migration is an open question. Here, we develop a one-dimensional model for an epithelial monolayer which predicts that after the onset of migration at an open boundary, cells in the bulk of the epithelium are gradually recruited into outward-directed motility, exhibiting traveling-wave-like behavior. We find an exact formula for the speed of this motility wave proportional to the square root of the cells' contractility, which accounts for cortex tension and adhesion between adjacent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Oelz
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hamid Khataee
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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153
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Lin SZ, Bi D, Li B, Feng XQ. Dynamic instability and migration modes of collective cells in channels. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190258. [PMID: 31362619 PMCID: PMC6685016 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells constantly experience geometrical confinements in vivo, as exemplified by cancer invasion and embryo development. In this paper, we investigate how intrinsic cellular properties and extrinsic channel confinements jointly regulate the two-dimensional migratory dynamics of collective cells. We find that besides external confinement, active cell motility and cell crowdedness also shape the migration modes of collective cells. Furthermore, the effects of active cell motility, cell crowdedness and confinement size on collective cell migration can be integrated into a unified dimensionless parameter, defined as the cellular motility number (CMN), which mirrors the competition between active motile force and passive elastic restoring force of cells. A low CMN favours laminar-like cell flows, while a high CMN destabilizes cell motions, resulting in a series of mode transitions from a laminar phase to an ordered vortex chain, and further to a mesoscale turbulent phase. These findings not only explain recent experiments but also predict dynamic behaviours of cell collectives, such as the existence of an ordered vortex chain mode and the mode selection under non-straight confinements, which are experimentally testable across different epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zhen Lin
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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154
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Yoon C, Choi C, Stapleton S, Mirabella T, Howes C, Dong L, King J, Yang J, Oberai A, Eyckmans J, Chen CS. Myosin IIA-mediated forces regulate multicellular integrity during vascular sprouting. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1974-1984. [PMID: 31318321 PMCID: PMC6727772 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting is a critical process involved in vascular network formation within tissues. During sprouting, tip cells and ensuing stalk cells migrate collectively into the extracellular matrix while preserving cell–cell junctions, forming patent structures that support blood flow. Although several signaling pathways have been identified as controlling sprouting, it remains unclear to what extent this process is mechanoregulated. To address this question, we investigated the role of cellular contractility in sprout morphogenesis, using a biomimetic model of angiogenesis. Three-dimensional maps of mechanical deformations generated by sprouts revealed that mainly leader cells, not stalk cells, exert contractile forces on the surrounding matrix. Surprisingly, inhibiting cellular contractility with blebbistatin did not affect the extent of cellular invasion but resulted in cell–cell dissociation primarily between tip and stalk cells. Closer examination of cell–cell junctions revealed that blebbistatin impaired adherens-junction organization, particularly between tip and stalk cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we further identified NMIIA as the major isoform responsible for regulating multicellularity and cell contractility during sprouting. Together, these studies reveal a critical role for NMIIA-mediated contractile forces in maintaining multicellularity during sprouting and highlight the central role of forces in regulating cell–cell adhesions during collective motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yoon
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Colin Choi
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Sarah Stapleton
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Teodelinda Mirabella
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Caroline Howes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.,The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jessica King
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jinling Yang
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Assad Oberai
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
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155
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Abstract
Mechanical forces drive the remodeling of tissues during morphogenesis. This relies on the transmission of forces between cells by cadherin-based adherens junctions, which couple the force-generating actomyosin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells. Moreover, components of cadherin adhesions adopt force-dependent conformations that induce changes in the composition of adherens junctions, enabling transduction of mechanical forces into an intracellular response. Cadherin mechanotransduction can mediate reinforcement of cell–cell adhesions to withstand forces but also induce biochemical signaling to regulate cell behavior or direct remodeling of cell–cell adhesions to enable cell rearrangements. By transmission and transduction of mechanical forces, cadherin adhesions coordinate cellular behaviors underlying morphogenetic processes of collective cell migration, cell division, and cell intercalation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of this central role of cadherin adhesions in force-dependent regulation of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gloerich
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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156
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Impaired control of multiple viral infections in a family with complete IRF9 deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:309-312.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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157
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MHC class II proteins mediate cross-species entry of bat influenza viruses. Nature 2019; 567:109-112. [PMID: 30787439 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic influenza A viruses of avian origin can cause severe disease in individuals, or even global pandemics, and thus pose a threat to human populations. Waterfowl and shorebirds are believed to be the reservoir for all influenza A viruses, but this has recently been challenged by the identification of novel influenza A viruses in bats1,2. The major bat influenza A virus envelope glycoprotein, haemagglutinin, does not bind the canonical influenza A virus receptor, sialic acid or any other glycan1,3,4, despite its high sequence and structural homology with conventional haemagglutinins. This functionally uncharacterized plasticity of the bat influenza A virus haemagglutinin means the tropism and zoonotic potential of these viruses has not been fully determined. Here we show, using transcriptomic profiling of susceptible versus non-susceptible cells in combination with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, that the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) human leukocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) is an essential entry determinant for bat influenza A viruses. Genetic ablation of the HLA-DR α-chain rendered cells resistant to infection by bat influenza A virus, whereas ectopic expression of the HLA-DR complex in non-susceptible cells conferred susceptibility. Expression of MHC-II from different bat species, pigs, mice or chickens also conferred susceptibility to infection. Notably, the infection of mice with bat influenza A virus resulted in robust virus replication in the upper respiratory tract, whereas mice deficient for MHC-II were resistant. Collectively, our data identify MHC-II as a crucial entry mediator for bat influenza A viruses in multiple species, which permits a broad vertebrate tropism.
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158
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Khalil AA, de Rooij J. Cadherin mechanotransduction in leader-follower cell specification during collective migration. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:86-91. [PMID: 30633881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective invasion drives the spread of multicellular cancer groups, into the normal tissue surrounding several epithelial tumors. Collective invasion recapitulates various aspects of the multicellular organization and collective migration that take place during normal development and repair. Collective migration starts with the specification of leader cells in which a polarized, migratory phenotype is established. Leader cells initiate and organize the migration of follower cells, to allow the group of cells to move as a cohesive and polarized unit. Leader-follower specification is essential for coordinated and directional collective movement. Forces exerted by cohesive cells represent key signals that dictate multicellular coordination and directionality. Physical forces originate from the contraction of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, which is linked between cells via cadherin-based cell-cell junctions. The cadherin complex senses and transduces fluctuations in forces into biochemical signals that regulate processes like cell proliferation, motility and polarity. With cadherin junctions being maintained in most collective movements the cadherin complex is ideally positioned to integrate mechanical information into the organization of collective cell migration. Here we discuss the potential roles of cadherin mechanotransduction in the diverse aspects of leader versus follower cell specification during collective migration and neoplastic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine A Khalil
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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159
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Cao J, Schnittler H. Putting VE-cadherin into JAIL for junction remodeling. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/1/jcs222893. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Junction dynamics of endothelial cells are based on the integration of signal transduction, cytoskeletal remodeling and contraction, which are necessary for the formation and maintenance of monolayer integrity, but also enable repair and regeneration. The VE-cadherin–catenin complex forms the molecular basis of the adherence junctions and cooperates closely with actin filaments. Several groups have recently described small actin-driven protrusions at the cell junctions that are controlled by the Arp2/3 complex, contributing to cell junction regulation. We identified these protrusions as the driving force for VE-cadherin dynamics, as they directly induce new VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion sites, and have accordingly referred to these structures as junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL). JAIL extend over only a few microns and thus provide the basis for a subcellular regulation of adhesion. The local (subcellular) VE-cadherin concentration and JAIL formation are directly interdependent, which enables autoregulation. Therefore, this mechanism can contribute a subcellularly regulated adaptation of cell contact dynamics, and is therefore of great importance for monolayer integrity and relative cell migration during wound healing and angiogenesis, as well as for inflammatory responses. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions underlying these actin-driven protrusions and consider their contribution to the dynamic regulation of endothelial cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
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160
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Abstract
In various physiological processes, the cell collective is organized in a monolayer, such as seen in a simple epithelium. The advances in the understanding of mechanical behavior of the monolayer and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will help to elucidate the properties of cell collectives. In this Review, we discuss recent in vitro studies on monolayer mechanics and their implications on collective dynamics, regulation of monolayer mechanics by physical confinement and geometrical cues and the effect of tissue mechanics on biological processes, such as cell division and extrusion. In particular, we focus on the active nematic property of cell monolayers and the emerging approach to view biological systems in the light of liquid crystal theory. We also highlight the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms at the sub-cellular and molecular level that are mediated by the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion proteins, such as E-cadherin and α-catenin. To conclude, we argue that, in order to have a holistic understanding of the cellular response to biophysical environments, interdisciplinary approaches and multiple techniques - from large-scale traction force measurements to molecular force protein sensors - must be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,National University of Singapore, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
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161
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Chakravarthi VP, Khristi V, Ghosh S, Yerrathota S, Dai E, Roby KF, Wolfe MW, Rumi MAK. ESR2 Is Essential for Gonadotropin-Induced Kiss1 Expression in Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3860-3873. [PMID: 30277501 PMCID: PMC6260246 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 plays an essential role in the onset of puberty, gonadal development, and ovulation. Estrogens regulate the expression of Kiss1 in the hypothalamus through estrogen receptor-α. Kiss1 is also expressed in the ovary, where its expression correlates with the onset of puberty and progression of the estrous cycle. To date, estrogen regulation of Kiss1 expression in the ovary has not been investigated. We recently observed that gonadotropin-induced Kiss1 expression was absent in Esr2-null rat ovaries even though Esr1 was present. Wild-type granulosa cells abundantly expressed Kiss1 and oocytes expressed the Kiss1 receptor. We characterized estrogen receptor-β (ESR2) regulation of Kiss1 expression in granulosa cells by identifying granulosa cell-specific transcript variants and potential regulatory regions. The Kiss1 promoter, an upstream enhancer, and a downstream enhancer all possessed conserved estrogen response elements (EREs) and showed active histone marks in gonadotropin-stimulated granulosa cells. The transcriptionally active Kiss1 promoter, as well as the enhancers, also revealed enrichment for ESR2 binding. Furthermore, activity of a Kiss1 promoter construct was induced after overexpression of ESR2 and was blocked upon mutation of an ERE within the promoter. Finally, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin administration induced phosphorylation of ESR2 and upregulated the AP-1 proteins FOSL2 and JUNB in granulosa cells. Activated MAPK ERK2 was associated with the ESR2 phosphorylation in granulosa cells, and AP-1 factors could synergistically activate the Kiss1 promoter activity. These gonadotropin-induced changes paralleled Kiss1 expression in granulosa cells. We conclude that gonadotropin-stimulated Kiss1 expression in granulosa cells is dependent on both the activation of ESR2 and the upregulation of AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Vincentaben Khristi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Subhra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sireesha Yerrathota
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Eddie Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Katherine F Roby
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael W Wolfe
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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162
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Caviglia S, Ober EA. Non-conventional protrusions: the diversity of cell interactions at short and long distance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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163
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Cera L, Schalley CA. Under Diffusion Control: from Structuring Matter to Directional Motion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707029. [PMID: 29931699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization in synthetic chemical systems is quickly developing into a powerful strategy for designing new functional materials. As self-organization requires the system to exist far from thermodynamic equilibrium, chemists have begun to go beyond the classical equilibrium self-assembly that is often applied in bottom-up supramolecular synthesis, and to learn about the surprising and unpredicted emergent properties of chemical systems that are characterized by a higher level of complexity and extended reactivity networks. The present review focuses on self-organization in reaction-diffusion systems. Selected examples show how the emergence of complex morphogenesis is feasible in synthetic systems leading to hierarchically and nanostructured matter. Starting from well-investigated oscillating reactions, recent developments extend diffusion-limited reactivity to supramolecular systems. The concept of dynamic instability is introduced and illustrated as an additional tool for the design of smart materials and actuators, with emphasis on the realization of motion even at the macroscopic scale. The formation of spatio-temporal patterns along diffusive chemical gradients is exploited as the main channel to realize symmetry breaking and therefore anisotropic and directional mechanical transformations. Finally, the interaction between external perturbations and chemical gradients is explored to give mechanistic insights in the design of materials responsive to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cera
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Xilu, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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164
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Szymborska A, Gerhardt H. Hold Me, but Not Too Tight-Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions in Angiogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029223. [PMID: 28851748 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell junctions must perform seemingly incompatible tasks during vascular development-providing stable connections that prevent leakage, while allowing dynamic cellular rearrangements during sprouting, anastomosis, lumen formation, and functional remodeling of the vascular network. This review aims to highlight recent insights into the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell-cell adhesion in the context of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymborska
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
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165
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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166
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Nagel M, Winklbauer R. PDGF-A suppresses contact inhibition during directional collective cell migration. Development 2018; 145:dev.162651. [PMID: 29884673 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The leading-edge mesendoderm (LEM) of the Xenopus gastrula moves as an aggregate by collective migration. However, LEM cells on fibronectin in vitro show contact inhibition of locomotion by quickly retracting lamellipodia upon mutual contact. We found that a fibronectin-integrin-syndecan module acts between p21-activated kinase 1 upstream and ephrin B1 downstream to promote the contact-induced collapse of lamellipodia. To function in this module, fibronectin has to be present as puncta on the surface of LEM cells. To overcome contact inhibition in LEM cell aggregates, PDGF-A deposited in the endogenous substratum of LEM migration blocks the fibronectin-integrin-syndecan module at the integrin level. This stabilizes lamellipodia preferentially in the direction of normal LEM movement and supports cell orientation and the directional migration of the coherent LEM cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nagel
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto M5S 3G5, ON, Canada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto M5S 3G5, ON, Canada
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167
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The regulation of junctional actin dynamics by cell adhesion receptors. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:341-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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168
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Malinova TS, Huveneers S. Sensing of Cytoskeletal Forces by Asymmetric Adherens Junctions. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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169
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Sigismund S, Scita G. The 'endocytic matrix reloaded' and its impact on the plasticity of migratory strategies. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:9-17. [PMID: 29544103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An explosive growth in knowledge, in the last two decades, has conferred a new dimension to the process of endocytosis. Endocytic circuitries have come into focus as a pervasive system that controls virtual all aspects of cell biology. A few years ago, we proposed the term 'endocytic matrix' to define a cellular network of signalling wiring that is at the core of the cellular blueprint. A primary role of the endocytic matrix is the delivery of space-resolved and time-resolved signals to the cell in an interpretable format, and, as such, it has profound consequences on polarized cellular and supra-cellular functions, first and foremost, cell motility. Here, we describe a set of recent results that expand this notion and illuminate how endocytic matrix dynamically controls the plasticity of migratory strategies. We further highlight the impact of inter-organelle contact sites on motility and the role of organelle positioning in this process. Finally, we illustrate how global perturbation of the endocytic circuitry influences cellular and supra-cellular mechanics, ultimately controlling a solid-to-liquid-like transition in the mode of motility with potential consequences on cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology-DIPO, Milan, Italy.
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170
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Efimova N, Svitkina TM. Branched actin networks push against each other at adherens junctions to maintain cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1827-1845. [PMID: 29507127 PMCID: PMC5940301 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are mechanosensitive cadherin-based intercellular adhesions that interact with the actin cytoskeleton and carry most of the mechanical load at cell-cell junctions. Both Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization generating pushing force and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII)-dependent contraction producing pulling force are necessary for AJ morphogenesis. Which actin system directly interacts with AJs is unknown. Using platinum replica electron microscopy of endothelial cells, we show that vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin colocalizes with Arp2/3 complex-positive actin networks at different AJ types and is positioned at the interface between two oppositely oriented branched networks from adjacent cells. In contrast, actin-NMII bundles are located more distally from the VE-cadherin-rich zone. After Arp2/3 complex inhibition, linear AJs split, leaving gaps between cells with detergent-insoluble VE-cadherin transiently associated with the gap edges. After NMII inhibition, VE-cadherin is lost from gap edges. We propose that the actin cytoskeleton at AJs acts as a dynamic push-pull system, wherein pushing forces maintain extracellular VE-cadherin transinteraction and pulling forces stabilize intracellular adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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171
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Suffoletto K, Jetta D, Hua SZ. E-cadherin mediated lateral interactions between neighbor cells necessary for collective migration. J Biomech 2018; 71:159-166. [PMID: 29486895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell movement is critical in pathological processes such as wound healing and cancer invasion. It entails complex interactions between adjacent cells and between cells-extracellular matrices. Most studies measure the migration patterns and force propagation by placing cells on flat, patterned substrates. The cooperative behavior resulting from cell-cell interactions is not well understood. We have developed a multi-channel microfluidic device that has junctional protein E-cadherin coated onto the sidewalls of the channels that enables the cells' lateral interactions with their neighbors to be studied. Our study reveals that epithelial cells rely on lateral E-cadherin-based adhesions to maintain the cohesion of the group. Cells move faster in narrower channels, but the average velocity along the channels is reduced in E-cadherin coated channels versus non-adhesive channels. We have directly measured the forces in the cross-linking protein, alpha-actinin, using FRET sensors during cell migration, and found that higher tension exists at the cell edges adjacent to the walls coated with E-cadherin, the implication being E-cadherin transmits the shear forces but does not provide a driving force for this migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Suffoletto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Deekshitha Jetta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Susan Z Hua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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172
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Neto F, Klaus-Bergmann A, Ong YT, Alt S, Vion AC, Szymborska A, Carvalho JR, Hollfinger I, Bartels-Klein E, Franco CA, Potente M, Gerhardt H. YAP and TAZ regulate adherens junction dynamics and endothelial cell distribution during vascular development. eLife 2018; 7:31037. [PMID: 29400648 PMCID: PMC5814147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of blood vessel networks by sprouting angiogenesis is critical for tissue growth, homeostasis and regeneration. How endothelial cells arise in adequate numbers and arrange suitably to shape functional vascular networks is poorly understood. Here we show that YAP/TAZ promote stretch-induced proliferation and rearrangements of endothelial cells whilst preventing bleeding in developing vessels. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ increase the turnover of VE-Cadherin and the formation of junction associated intermediate lamellipodia, promoting both cell migration and barrier function maintenance. This is achieved in part by lowering BMP signalling. Consequently, the loss of YAP/TAZ in the mouse leads to stunted sprouting with local aggregation as well as scarcity of endothelial cells, branching irregularities and junction defects. Forced nuclear activity of TAZ instead drives hypersprouting and vascular hyperplasia. We propose a new model in which YAP/TAZ integrate mechanical signals with BMP signaling to maintain junctional compliance and integrity whilst balancing endothelial cell rearrangements in angiogenic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Neto
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Biology Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London Research Institute - Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Klaus-Bergmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Silvanus Alt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Clémence Vion
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana R Carvalho
- Vascular Morphogenesis Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Eireen Bartels-Klein
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Vascular Morphogenesis Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Potente
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Biology Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London Research Institute - Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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173
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Paul-Gilloteaux P, Waharte F, Singh MK, Parrini MC. A Biologist-Friendly Method to Analyze Cross-Correlation Between Protrusion Dynamics and Membrane Recruitment of Actin Regulators. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1749:279-289. [PMID: 29526004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7701-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During mesenchymal cell motility, various actin regulators are recruited to the leading edge with exquisite precision in time and space to generate protrusion and retraction cycles. We present here an automated method, named CorRecD (from Correlation Recruitment Dynamics), which quantifies cell edge dynamics, protein recruitment and analyze their cross-correlation. The Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), a master driver of protrusions, is used as a case-of-study. This biologist-friendly method relies on free software tools and can be applied to any fluorescently tagged protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), CNRS UMR144, Paris, France.,SFR Santé Francois Bonamy CNRS INSERM Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Waharte
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,ART Group, Inserm U830, Paris, France
| | - Maria Carla Parrini
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France. .,ART Group, Inserm U830, Paris, France.
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174
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Cao J, Ehling M, März S, Seebach J, Tarbashevich K, Sixta T, Pitulescu ME, Werner AC, Flach B, Montanez E, Raz E, Adams RH, Schnittler H. Polarized actin and VE-cadherin dynamics regulate junctional remodelling and cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2210. [PMID: 29263363 PMCID: PMC5738342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFR-2/Notch signalling regulates angiogenesis in part by driving the remodelling of endothelial cell junctions and by inducing cell migration. Here, we show that VEGF-induced polarized cell elongation increases cell perimeter and decreases the relative VE-cadherin concentration at junctions, triggering polarized formation of actin-driven junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL) under control of the WASP/WAVE/ARP2/3 complex. JAIL allow formation of new VE-cadherin adhesion sites that are critical for cell migration and monolayer integrity. Whereas at the leading edge of the cell, large JAIL drive cell migration with supportive contraction, lateral junctions show small JAIL that allow relative cell movement. VEGFR-2 activation initiates cell elongation through dephosphorylation of junctional myosin light chain II, which leads to a local loss of tension to induce JAIL-mediated junctional remodelling. These events require both microtubules and polarized Rac activity. Together, we propose a model where polarized JAIL formation drives directed cell migration and junctional remodelling during sprouting angiogenesis. The formation of new blood vessels requires both polarized cell migration and coordinated control of endothelial cell contacts. Here, Cao and colleagues describe at the sub-cellular level the cytoskeletal and cell junction dynamics regulating these processes upon VEGF-induced cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sigrid März
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Sixta
- Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, 16627, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Werner
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Flach
- Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, 16627, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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175
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Combedazou A, Gayral S, Colombié N, Fougerat A, Laffargue M, Ramel D. Small GTPases orchestrate cell-cell communication during collective cell movement. Small GTPases 2017; 11:103-112. [PMID: 28980871 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1366965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a critical mechanism involved in cell movement during various physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis formation. During collective movement, cells remain functionally connected and can coordinate individual cell behaviors to ensure efficient migration. A cell-cell communication process ensures this complex coordination. Although the mechanisms regulating cell-cell communication remain unclear, recent findings indicate that it is based on acto-myosin cytoskeleton tension transmission from cell to cell through adherens junctions. As for single cell migration, small GTPases of the Rho and Rab families have been shown to be critical regulators of collective motion. Here, we discuss our current understanding on how these small GTPases are themselves regulated and how they control cell-cell communication during collective migration. Moreover, we also shed light on the key role of cell-cell communication and RhoGTPases in the physiological context of endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Combedazou
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Colombié
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Ramel
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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177
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Ebnet K, Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Singh A, Nakayama M, Matis M. Regulation of cell polarity by cell adhesion receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:2-12. [PMID: 28739340 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to polarize is an intrinsic property of almost all cells and is required for the devlopment of most multicellular organisms. To develop cell polarity, cells integrate various signals derived from intrinsic as well as extrinsic sources. In the recent years, cell-cell adhesion receptors have turned out as important regulators of cellular polarization. By interacting with conserved cell polarity proteins, they regulate the recruitment of polarity complexes to specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. By initiating intracellular signaling cascades at those sites, they trigger their specific subcellular activation. Not surprisingly, cell-cell adhesion receptors regulate diverse aspects of cell polarity, including apico-basal polarity in epithelial and endothelial cells, front-to-rear polarity in collectively migrating cells, and planar cell polarity during organ development. Here, we review the recent developments highlighting the central roles of cell-cell adhesion molecules in the development of cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-associated Research Group: Cell adhesion and cell polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany; Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Amrita Singh
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Germany.
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178
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Pandya P, Orgaz JL, Sanz-Moreno V. Actomyosin contractility and collective migration: may the force be with you. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 48:87-96. [PMID: 28715714 PMCID: PMC6137077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration relies on the ability of a multicellular co-ordinated unit to efficiently respond to physical changes in their surrounding matrix. Conversely, migrating cohorts physically alter their microenvironment using mechanical forces. During collective migration, actomyosin contractility acts as a central hub coordinating mechanosensing and mechanotransduction responses.
Collective cell migration is essential during physiological processes such as development or wound healing and in pathological conditions such as cancer dissemination. Cells migrating within multicellular tissues experiment different forces which play an intricate role during tissue formation, development and maintenance. How cells are able to respond to these forces depends largely on how they interact with the extracellular matrix. In this review, we focus on mechanics and mechanotransduction in collective migration. In particular, we discuss current knowledge on how cells integrate mechanical signals during collective migration and we highlight actomyosin contractility as a central hub coordinating mechanosensing and mechanotransduction responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahini Pandya
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jose L Orgaz
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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179
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De Pascalis C, Etienne-Manneville S. Single and collective cell migration: the mechanics of adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1833-1846. [PMID: 28684609 PMCID: PMC5541834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Pascalis
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Hakim V, Silberzan P. Collective cell migration: a physics perspective. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:076601. [PMID: 28282028 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa65ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells have traditionally been viewed either as independently moving entities or as somewhat static parts of tissues. However, it is now clear that in many cases, multiple cells coordinate their motions and move as collective entities. Well-studied examples comprise development events, as well as physiological and pathological situations. Different ex vivo model systems have also been investigated. Several recent advances have taken place at the interface between biology and physics, and have benefitted from progress in imaging and microscopy, from the use of microfabrication techniques, as well as from the introduction of quantitative tools and models. We review these interesting developments in quantitative cell biology that also provide rich examples of collective out-of-equilibrium motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hakim
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, UPMC, Paris, France
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181
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Horne-Badovinac S. Fat-like cadherins in cell migration-leading from both the front and the back. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 48:26-32. [PMID: 28551508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
When cells migrate through the body, their motility is continually influenced by interactions with other cells. The Fat-like cadherins are cell-cell signaling proteins that promote migration in multiple cell types. Recent studies suggest, however, that Fat-like cadherins influence motility differently in mammals versus Drosophila, with the cadherin acting at the leading edge of mammalian cells and the trailing edge of Drosophila cells. As opposed to this being a difference between organisms, it is more likely that the Fat-like cadherins are highly versatile proteins that can interact with the migration machinery in multiple ways. Here, I review what is known about how Fat-like cadherins promote migration, and then explore where conserved features may be found between the mammalian and Drosophila models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Zaritsky A, Tseng YY, Rabadán MA, Krishna S, Overholtzer M, Danuser G, Hall A. Diverse roles of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in regulating collective cell migration. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1543-1556. [PMID: 28512143 PMCID: PMC5461017 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective collective cell migration depends on delicate tuning of cell motility forces and cell–cell communication. Zaritsky, Tseng, and coworkers identified differential roles for RhoA, RhoC, and their upstream activators in mediating long-range transmission of guidance cues. Efficient collective migration depends on a balance between contractility and cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion, and mechanical cell–cell communication, all controlled by GTPases of the RHO family. By comprehensive screening of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers, we identified GEFs that are required for collective migration at large, such as SOS1 and β-PIX, and RHOA GEFs that are implicated in intercellular communication. Down-regulation of the latter GEFs differentially enhanced front-to-back propagation of guidance cues through the monolayer and was mirrored by down-regulation of RHOA expression and myosin II activity. Phenotype-based clustering of knockdown behaviors identified RHOA-ARHGEF18 and ARHGEF3-ARHGEF28-ARHGEF11 clusters, indicating that the latter may signal through other RHO-family GTPases. Indeed, knockdown of RHOC produced an intermediate between the two phenotypes. We conclude that for effective collective migration, the RHOA-GEFs → RHOA/C → actomyosin pathways must be optimally tuned to compromise between generation of motility forces and restriction of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zaritsky
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yun-Yu Tseng
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - M Angeles Rabadán
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Shefali Krishna
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 .,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Alan Hall
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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183
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Goodwin K, Nelson CM. Generating tissue topology through remodeling of cell-cell adhesions. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:45-51. [PMID: 28322823 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, cellular rearrangements give rise to a large variety of three-dimensional structures. Final tissue architecture varies greatly across organs, and many develop to include combinations of folds, tubes, and branched networks. To achieve these different tissue geometries, constituent cells must follow different programs that dictate changes in shape and/or migratory behavior. One essential component of these changes is the remodeling of cell-cell adhesions. Invasive migratory behavior and separation between tissues require localized breakdown of cadherin-mediated adhesions. Conversely, tissue folding and fusion require the formation and reinforcement of cell-cell adhesions. Cell-cell adhesion plays a critical role in tissue morphogenesis; its manipulation may therefore prove to be invaluable in generating complex topologies ex vivo. Recapitulating these shapes in engineered tissues would enable a better understanding of how these processes occur in vivo, and may lead to improved design of organs for clinical applications. In this review, we discuss work investigating the formation of folds, tubes, and branched networks with an emphasis on known or possible roles for cell-cell adhesion. We then examine recently developed tools that could be adapted to manipulate cell-cell adhesion in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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Aguilar-Cuenca R, Llorente-Gonzalez C, Vicente C, Vicente-Manzanares M. Microfilament-coordinated adhesion dynamics drives single cell migration and shapes whole tissues. F1000Res 2017; 6:160. [PMID: 28299195 PMCID: PMC5321130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the substratum and/or other cells is a crucial step of cell migration. While essential in the case of solitary migrating cells (for example, immune cells), it becomes particularly important in collective cell migration, in which cells maintain contact with their neighbors while moving directionally. Adhesive coordination is paramount in physiological contexts (for example, during organogenesis) but also in pathology (for example, tumor metastasis). In this review, we address the need for a coordinated regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions during collective cell migration. We emphasize the role of the actin cytoskeleton as an intracellular integrator of cadherin- and integrin-based adhesions and the emerging role of mechanics in the maintenance, reinforcement, and turnover of adhesive contacts. Recent advances in understanding the mechanical regulation of several components of cadherin and integrin adhesions allow us to revisit the adhesive clutch hypothesis that controls the degree of adhesive engagement during protrusion. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the major impact of these discoveries when using more physiological three-dimensional models of single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aguilar-Cuenca
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Llorente-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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