151
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4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy in osteoclasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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152
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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153
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Ishii T, Ruiz-Torruella M, Ikeda A, Shindo S, Movila A, Mawardi H, Albassam A, Kayal RA, Al-Dharrab AA, Egashira K, Wisitrasameewong W, Yamamoto K, Mira AI, Sueishi K, Han X, Taubman MA, Miyamoto T, Kawai T. OC-STAMP promotes osteoclast fusion for pathogenic bone resorption in periodontitis via up-regulation of permissive fusogen CD9. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29533736 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion-mediated formation of multinuclear osteoclasts (OCs) plays a key role in bone resorption. It is reported that 2 unique OC-specific fusogens [ i.e., OC-stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP)], and permissive fusogen CD9, are involved in OC fusion. In contrast to DC-STAMP-knockout (KO) mice, which show the osteopetrotic phenotype, OC-STAMP-KO mice show no difference in systemic bone mineral density. Nonetheless, according to the ligature-induced periodontitis model, significantly lower level of bone resorption was found in OC-STAMP-KO mice compared to WT mice. Anti-OC-STAMP-neutralizing mAb down-modulated in vitro: 1) the emergence of large multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells, 2) pit formation, and 3) mRNA and protein expression of CD9, but not DC-STAMP, in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated OC precursor cells (OCps). While anti-DC-STAMP-mAb also down-regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, it had no effect on CD9 expression. In our mouse model, systemic administration of anti-OC-STAMP-mAb suppressed the expression of CD9 mRNA, but not DC-STAMP mRNA, in periodontal tissue, along with diminished alveolar bone loss and reduced emergence of CD9+ OCps and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear OCs. The present study demonstrated that OC-STAMP partners CD9 to promote periodontal bone destruction by up-regulation of fusion during osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that anti-OC-STAMP-mAb may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic regimen for periodontitis.-Ishii, T., Ruiz-Torruella, M., Ikeda, A., Shindo, S., Movila, A., Mawardi, H., Albassam, A., Kayal, R. A., Al-Dharrab, A. A., Egashira, K., Wisitrasameewong, W., Yamamoto, K., Mira, A. I., Sueishi, K., Han, X., Taubman, M. A., Miyamoto, T., Kawai, T. OC-STAMP promotes osteoclast fusion for pathogenic bone resorption in periodontitis via up-regulation of permissive fusogen CD9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Montserrat Ruiz-Torruella
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hani Mawardi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Albassam
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayyan A Kayal
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kenji Egashira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Abdulghani I Mira
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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154
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Lee WS, Lee EG, Sung MS, Choi YJ, Yoo WH. Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling during IL-1β-induced osteoclastogenesis. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:397-406. [PMID: 28352062 PMCID: PMC5840582 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To define the effect of statins on interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced osteoclastogenesis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Bone marrow cells were obtained from 5-week-old male ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) mice, and they were cultured to differentiate them into osteoclasts with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand in the presence or absence of IL-1β or atorvastatin. The formation of osteoclasts was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and resorption pit assay with dentine slice. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of atorvastatin on osteoclastogenesis were investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting for osteoclast specific molecules. RESULTS Atorvastatin significantly reduced the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells as well as the bone resorption area. Atorvastatin also downregulated the expression of the NF of activated T-cell c1 messenger RNA and inhibited the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. A possible underlying mechanism may be that atorvastatin suppresses the degradation of the inhibitors of NF-κB and blocks the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38; thus, implicating the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway in this process. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin is a strong inhibitor of inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wan-Hee Yoo
- Correspondence to Wan-Hee Yoo, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea Tel: +82-63-250-1672 Fax: +82-63-254-1609 E-mail:
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155
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Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on the resorption of bones by osteoclasts and formation of bones by the osteoblasts. Imbalance of this tightly coupled process can cause diseases such as osteoporosis. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts are critical to bone cell biology. It has been shown that osteoblasts and osteoclasts can communicate with each other through direct cell-cell contact, cytokines, and extracellular matrix interaction. Osteoblasts can affect osteoclast formation, differentiation, or apoptosis through several pathways, such as OPG/RANKL/RANK, RANKL/LGR4/RANK, Ephrin2/ephB4, and Fas/FasL pathways. Conversely, osteoclasts also influence formation of bones by osteoblasts via the d2 isoform of the vacuolar (H+) ATPase (v-ATPase) V0 domain (Atp6v0d2), complement component 3a, semaphorin 4D or microRNAs. In addition, cytokines released from the resorbed bone matrix, such as TGF-β and IGF-1, also affect the activity of osteoblasts. Drugs could be developed by enhancing or restricting some of these interactions. Several reviews have been performed on the osteoblast-osteoclast communication. However, few reviews have shown the research advances in the recent years. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on osteoblast-osteoclast communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Duan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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156
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Amarasekara DS, Yun H, Kim S, Lee N, Kim H, Rho J. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e8. [PMID: 29503739 PMCID: PMC5833125 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand play a central role in OC differentiation, which is also termed osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-34, promote OC differentiation, whereas anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and IL-33, downregulate OC differentiation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines is important in maintaining the balance between bone-resorbing OCs and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs), which eventually affects bone integrity. This review outlines the osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic properties of cytokines with regard to osteoimmunology, and summarizes our current understanding of the roles these cytokines play in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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157
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158
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The polymethoxy flavonoid sudachitin suppresses inflammatory bone destruction by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis due to reduced ROS production and MAPK activation in osteoclast precursors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191192. [PMID: 29342179 PMCID: PMC5771597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bone diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis and peri-implantitis, are associated not only with the production of inflammatory cytokines but also with local oxidative status, which is defined by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Osteoclast differentiation has been reported to be related to increased intracellular ROS levels in osteoclast lineage cells. Sudachitin, which is a polymethoxyflavone derived from Citrus sudachi, possesses antioxidant properties and regulates various functions in mammalian cells. However, the effects of sudachitin on inflammatory bone destruction and osteoclastogenesis remain unknown. In calvaria inflamed by a local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, inflammation-induced bone destruction and the accompanying elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes were reduced by the co-administration of sudachitin and LPS. Moreover, sudachitin inhibited osteoclast formation in cultures of isolated osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. However, sudachitin rather increased the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is an important molecule triggering osteoclast differentiation, and the mRNA ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin that is a decoy receptor for RANKL, in the isolated osteoblasts, suggesting the presence of additional target cells. When osteoclast formation was induced from osteoclast precursors derived from bone marrow cells in the presence of soluble RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, sudachitin inhibited osteoclastogenesis without influencing cell viability. Consistently, the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related molecules including c-fos, NFATc1, cathepsin K and osteoclast fusion proteins such as DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was reduced by sudachitin. In addition, sudachitin decreased activation of MAPKs such as Erk and JNK and the ROS production evoked by RANKL in osteoclast lineage cells. Our findings suggest that sudachitin is a useful agent for the treatment of anti-inflammatory bone destruction.
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159
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Yang W, Han W, Qin A, Wang Z, Xu J, Qian Y. The emerging role of Hippo signaling pathway in regulating osteoclast formation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4606-4617. [PMID: 29219182 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A delicate balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption is crucial for bone homeostasis. This process is regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway including key regulatory molecules RASSF2, NF2, MST1/2, SAV1, LATS1/2, MOB1, YAP, and TAZ. It is well established that the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important part in regulating osteoblast differentiation, but its role in osteoclast formation and activation remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of Hippo-signaling pathway in osteoclast formation and bone homeostasis. It is revealed that specific molecules of the Hippo-signaling pathway take part in a stage specific regulation in pre-osteoclast proliferation, osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast apoptosis and survival. Upon activation, MST and LAST, transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ bind to the members of the TEA domain (TEAD) family transcription factors, and influence osteoclast differentiation via regulating the expression of downstream target genes such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) and cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61/CCN1). In addition, through interacting or cross talking with RANKL-mediated signaling cascades including NF-κB, MAPKs, AP1, and NFATc1, Hippo-signaling molecules such as YAP/TAZ/TEAD complex, RASSF2, MST2, and Ajuba could also potentially modulate osteoclast differentiation and function. Elucidating the roles of the Hippo-signaling pathway in osteoclast development and specific molecules involved is important for understanding the mechanism of bone homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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160
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Guterman-Ram G, Pesic M, Orenbuch A, Czeiger T, Aflalo A, Levaot N. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 regulates osteoclast fusion in a cell heterotypic manner. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:617-629. [PMID: 28332708 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte fusion into osteoclasts, bone resorbing cells, plays a key role in bone remodeling and homeostasis; therefore, aberrant cell fusion may be involved in a variety of debilitating bone diseases. Research in the last decade has led to the discovery of genes that regulate osteoclast fusion, but the basic molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying the fusion process are not completely understood. Here, we reveal a role for Dyrk2 in osteoclast fusion. We demonstrate that Dyrk2 down regulation promotes osteoclast fusion, whereas its overexpression inhibits fusion. Moreover, Dyrk2 also promotes the fusion of foreign-body giant cells, indicating that Dyrk2 plays a more general role in cell fusion. In an earlier study, we showed that fusion is a cell heterotypic process initiated by fusion-founder cells that fuse to fusion-follower cells, the latter of which are unable to initiate fusion. Here, we show that Dyrk2 limits the expansion of multinucleated founder cells through the suppression of the fusion competency of follower cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Guterman-Ram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Milena Pesic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ayelet Orenbuch
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Czeiger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Aflalo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Levaot
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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161
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Ge SS, Chen B, Wu YY, Long QS, Zhao YL, Wang PY, Yang S. Current advances of carbene-mediated photoaffinity labeling in medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29428-29454. [PMID: 35547988 PMCID: PMC9084484 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) in combination with a chemical probe to covalently bind its target upon UV irradiation has demonstrated considerable promise in drug discovery for identifying new drug targets and binding sites. In particular, carbene-mediated photoaffinity labeling (cmPAL) has been widely used in drug target identification owing to its excellent photolabeling efficiency, minimal steric interference and longer excitation wavelength. Specifically, diazirines, which are among the precursors of carbenes and have higher carbene yields and greater chemical stability than diazo compounds, have proved to be valuable photolabile reagents in a diverse range of biological systems. This review highlights current advances of cmPAL in medicinal chemistry, with a focus on structures and applications for identifying small molecule–protein and macromolecule–protein interactions and ligand-gated ion channels, coupled with advances in the discovery of targets and inhibitors using carbene precursor-based biological probes developed in recent decades. Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) in combination with a chemical probe to covalently bind its target upon UV irradiation has demonstrated considerable promise in drug discovery for identifying new drug targets and binding sites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Ge
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Biao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Qing-Su Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
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162
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Holliday LS. Vacuolar H +-ATPases (V-ATPases) as therapeutic targets: a brief review and recent developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 30957075 DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are multi-subunit enzymes that play housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells by acidifying lysosomes, late endosomes, Golgi, and other membrane-bounded compartments. Beyond that, V-ATPases have specialized functions in certain cell types linked to diseases including osteoporosis and cancer. Efforts to identify strategies to develop inhibitors selective for V-ATPases that are involved in disease progression have been ongoing for more than two decades, but so far have not yielded a therapeutic agent that has been translated to the clinic. Recent basic science studies have identified unexpected roles for V-ATPases in nutrient and energy sensing, and renin/angiotensin signaling, which offer additional incentives for considering V-ATPases as therapeutic targets. This article briefly reviews efforts to utilize inhibitors of V-ATPases as drugs. Primary focus is on recent "rational" efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors of the V-ATPases that are selectively expressed in osteoclasts and cancer cells. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin are two molecules that emerged from these efforts. These molecules block a binding interaction between V-ATPases and microfilaments that occurs in osteoclasts, but not most other cell types, which relates to the specialized function of V-ATPases in bone resorption. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin have proven useful in the treatment of bone diseases and cancer in animal models and display therapeutic effects that are different, and perhaps better, than current drugs. These results provide evidence that agents targeting subsets of V-ATPases may prove useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shannon Holliday
- Departments of Orthodontics and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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163
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Xiao S, Li R, El Zowalaty AE, Diao H, Zhao F, Choi Y, Ye X. Acidification of uterine epithelium during embryo implantation in mice. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:232-243. [PMID: 28395338 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is essential for establishing uterine receptivity. Previous microarray analysis revealed upregulation of Atp6v0d2 in gestation day 4.5 (D4.5) LE in mice. Realtime PCR showed upregulation of uterine Atp6v0d2 starting right before embryo attachment ∼D4.0. In situ hybridization demonstrated specific uterine localization of Atp6v0d2 in LE upon embryo implantation. Atp6v0d2 encodes one subunit for vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), which regulates acidity of intracellular organelles and extracellular environment. LysoSensor Green DND-189 detected acidic signals in LE and glandular epithelium upon embryo implantation, correlating with Atp6v0d2 upregulation in early pregnant uterus. Atp6v0d2-/- females had significantly reduced implantation rate and marginally reduced delivery rate from first mating only, but comparable number of implantation sites and litter size compared to control and comparable fertility to control from subsequent matings, suggesting a nonessential role of Atp6v0d2 subunit in embryo implantation. Successful implantation in both control and Atp6v0d2-/- females was associated with uterine epithelial acidification. No significant compensatory upregulation of Atp6v0d1 mRNA was detected in D4.5 Atp6v0d2-/- uteri. To determine the role of V-ATPase instead of a single subunit in embryo implantation, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (2.5 μg/kg) was injected via uterine fat pad on D3 18:00 h. This treatment resulted in reduced uterine epithelial acidification, delayed implantation, and reduced number of implantation sites. It also suppressed oil-induced artificial decidualization. These data demonstrate uterine epithelial acidification as a novel phenomenon during embryo implantation and V-ATPase is involved in uterine epithelial acidification and uterine preparation for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Honglu Diao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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164
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Müller HD, Caballé-Serrano J, Lussi A, Gruber R. Inhibitory effect of saliva on osteoclastogenesis in vitro requires toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2445-2452. [PMID: 28101679 PMCID: PMC5632348 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saliva can suppress osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been discovered yet. Considering that endotoxins suppress osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cultures and that saliva contains endotoxins, it was reasonable to hypothesize that the impact of saliva on osteoclastogenesis requires toll-like receptor 4 signaling. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we blocked toll-like receptor 4 signaling with TAK-242 in the presence of saliva in murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated based on gene expression analysis and histochemical staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Resorption was performed on dentine. RESULTS We report that TAK-242 reversed the inhibitory effect of fresh sterile saliva on the formation of multinucleated cells that stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. In line with this finding, TAK-242 increased the expression of the osteoclast functional genes cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the presence of saliva. TAK-242 also supported the expression of NFATc1, the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, as well as DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2, both being cell fusion genes. In support of the hypothesis, depletion of saliva from endotoxin partially reversed the inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, salivary pellicle on plastic and titanium did not affect osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling revealed that saliva can contribute to innate immunity by preventing hematopoietic progenitors to become osteoclasts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Saliva can activate pattern recognition receptor signaling through endotoxins and other stress factors, indicating the demand for macrophages rather than for osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Dieter Müller
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine|, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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165
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Shim KS, Lee B, Ma JY. Water extract of Rumex crispus prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing osteoblast mineralization. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:483. [PMID: 29070038 PMCID: PMC5657118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Rumex crispus root has traditionally been used in Asian medicine for the treatment of hemorrhage and dermatolosis. The aim of this study was to explore the pharmaceutical effects of water extract of Rumex crispus (WERC) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We also studied the effect of WERC on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced trabecular bone destruction mice model. Methods High performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify three compounds (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) of WERC. The in vivo effect of WERC was examined using an administration of WERC or vehicle on the ICR mice with bone loss induced by intraperitoneal RANKL injection on day 0 and 1. All mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 7 and the femurs of mice were isolated for soft X-ray and Micro-CT analysis. The in vitro effect of WERC on osteoblast mineralization or osteoclast differentiation was examined by alizarin red S staining or by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and assay. To determine the transcription level of osteoblast or osteoclast-specific genes, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Western blot analysis was performed to study the effect of WERC on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling molecules. Results The presence of three compounds in WERC was determined. WERC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing microstructural deterioration. In vitro, WERC increased osteoblast mineralization by enhancing the transcription of runt-related transcription factor 2 and its transcriptional coactivators, and by stimulating extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, WERC significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the RANKL signalings (MAPK and NF-κB) and the increasing inhibitory factors of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. Conclusion This study showed that WERC could protect against osteoporosis and suggested that the possible mechanism of WERC might be related to increased osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 signaling and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by suppression of RANKL signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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166
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Chen IP, Luxmi R, Kanaujiya J, Hao Z, Reichenberger EJ. Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia Mutations in ANKH Negatively Affect Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Osteoclasts. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1369-1376. [PMID: 29056330 PMCID: PMC5830990 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified osteoclast defects in craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) using an easy-to-use protocol for differentiating osteoclasts from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). CMD is a rare genetic bone disorder, characterized by life-long progressive thickening of craniofacial bones and abnormal shape of long bones. hiPSCs from CMD patients with an in-frame deletion of Phe377 or Ser375 in ANKH are more refractory to in vitro osteoclast differentiation than control hiPSCs. To exclude differentiation effects due to genetic variability, we generated isogenic hiPSCs, which have identical genetic background except for the ANKH mutation. Isogenic hiPSCs with ANKH mutations formed fewer osteoclasts, resorbed less bone, expressed lower levels of osteoclast marker genes, and showed decreased protein levels of ANKH and vacuolar proton pump v-ATP6v0d2. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that efficient and reproducible differentiation of isogenic hiPSCs into osteoclasts is possible and a promising tool for investigating mechanisms of CMD or other osteoclast-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Raj Luxmi
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jitendra Kanaujiya
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zhifang Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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167
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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168
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Kim BH, Oh JH, Lee NK. The Inactivation of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-kB Is Involved in the Down-Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Function by A2B Adenosine Receptor Stimulation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:752-760. [PMID: 29047264 PMCID: PMC5682252 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) is known to be the regulator of bone homeostasis, but its regulatory mechanisms in osteoclast formation are less well-defined. Here, we demonstrate the effect of A2BAR stimulation on osteoclast differentiation and activity by RANKL. A2BAR was expressed in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) and RANKL increased A2BAR expression during osteoclastogenesis. A2BAR stimulation with its specific agonist BAY 60-6583 was sufficient to inhibit the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAP kinases and NF-κB by RANKL as well as it abrogated cell-cell fusion in the late stage of osteoclast differentiation. Stimulation of A2BAR suppressed the expression of osteoclast marker genes, such as c-Fos, TRAP, Cathepsin-K and NFATc1, induced by RANKL, and transcriptional activity of NFATc1 was also inhibited by stimulation of A2BAR. A2BAR stimulation caused a notable reduction in the expression of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP related to cell-cell fusion of osteoclasts. Especially, a decrease in bone resorption activity through suppression of actin ring formation by A2BAR stimulation was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that A2BAR stimulation inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB by RANKL, which suppresses the induction of osteoclast marker genes, thus contributing to the decrease in osteoclast cell-cell fusion and bone resorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
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169
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Liu Y, Fang S, Li X, Feng J, Du J, Guo L, Su Y, Zhou J, Ding G, Bai Y, Wang S, Wang H, Liu Y. Aspirin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation via the NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11549. [PMID: 28912509 PMCID: PMC5599518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) has been shown to improve bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-based calvarial bone regeneration by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether aspirin influences other immune cells during bone formation. In the present study, we investigated whether ASA treatment influenced macrophage activation during the LPS inducement. We found that ASA could downregulate the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α both in mouse peritoneum macrophages and RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS via the IκK/IκB/NF-κB pathway and a COX2/PGE2/EP2/NF-κB feedback loop, without affecting the expressions of FIZZ/YM-1/ARG1 induced by IL-4. Furthermore, we created a rat mandibular bone defect model and showed that ASA treatment improved bone regeneration by inhibiting LPS-induced macrophage activation in the early stages of inflammation. Taken together, our results indicated that ASA treatment was a feasible strategy for improving bone regeneration, particularly in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Silian Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Sixth affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Sixth affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Songling Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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170
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Transglutaminase 2 regulates osteoclast differentiation via a Blimp1-dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10626. [PMID: 28878266 PMCID: PMC5587636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) performs multiple reactions, including transamidation, and also plays a role in signal transduction as a GTP-binding protein. In this study, we reveal that TG2 controls osteoclast differentiation and bone homeostasis in mice. Osteoclasts specifically expressed the TG2 isoform among eight TG family members. Suppression in TG2 expression with siRNA led to increased osteoclast formation from primary mouse precursor cells in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). This osteoclastogenic effect of TG2 knockdown was associated with enhanced induction of c-Fos and NFATc1 by RANKL. Moreover, TG2 knockdown up-regulated B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1), which represses anti-osteoclastogenic genes, in a manner dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway. To the contrary, TG2 overexpression inhibited osteoclast formation and the expression of osteoclastogenic genes. Consistent with these in vitro results, TG2 knockout mice exhibited lower trabecular bone mass and increased number of osteoclasts compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that TG2 plays an important role in bone metabolism by suppressing excessive osteoclastogenesis via the regulation of the NF-κB-Blimp1 signaling pathway.
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171
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Ayodele BA, Mirams M, Pagel CN, Mackie EJ. The vacuolar H + ATPase V 0 subunit d 2 is associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and supports chondrocyte differentiation. Bone Rep 2017; 7:98-107. [PMID: 29062863 PMCID: PMC5647522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy makes important contributions to bone development and growth. We have investigated a number of novel cartilage genes identified in a recent transcriptomic study to determine whether they are differentially expressed between different zones of equine foetal growth cartilage. Twelve genes (ATP6V0D2, BAK1, DDX5, GNB1, PIP4K2A, RAP1B, RPS7, SRSF3, SUB1, TMSB4, TPI1 and WSB2) were found to be more highly expressed in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes than in the reserve or proliferative zones, whereas FOXA3 and SERPINA1 were expressed at lower levels in the hypertrophic zone than in the reserve zone. ATP6V0D2, which encodes vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) V0 subunit d2 (ATP6V0D2), was selected for further study. Immunohistochemical analysis of ATP6V0D2 in growth cartilage showed stronger staining in hypertrophic than in reserve zone or proliferative chondrocytes. Expression of ATP6V0D2 mRNA and protein was up-regulated in the mouse chondrocytic ATDC5 cell line by conditions inducing expression of hypertrophy-associated genes including Col10a1 and Mmp13 (differentiation medium). In ATDC5 cells cultured in control medium, knockdown of Atp6v0d2 or inhibition of V-ATPase activity using bafilomycin A1 caused a decrease in Col2a1 expression, and in cells cultured in differentiation medium the two treatments caused a decrease in nuclear area. Inhibition of V-ATPase, but not Atp6v0d2 knockdown, prevented the upregulation of Col10a1, Mmp13 and Vegf by differentiation medium, while Atp6v0d2 knockdown, but not inhibition of V-ATPase, caused an increase in the number of ATDC5 cells cultured in differentiation medium. These observations identify ATP6V0D2 as a novel chondrocyte hypertrophy-associated gene. The results are consistent with roles for V-ATPase, both ATP6V0D2-dependent and -independent, in supporting chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy.
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Key Words
- ABH, alcian blue/haematoxylin/eosin/acid fuchsin stain
- ATP6V0D2
- ATP6V0D2, vacuolar H+ ATPase V0 subunit d2
- Chondrocyte
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Endochondral ossification
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- Hypertrophy
- MMP-13, matrix metalloproteinase-13
- MNE, mean normalised expression
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- V-ATPase, vacuolar H+ ATPase
- Vacuolar H+-ATPase
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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172
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Lau KHW, Stiffel VM, Rundle CH, Amoui M, Tapia J, White TD, Sheng MHC. Conditional Disruption of miR17~92 in Osteoclasts Led to Activation of Osteoclasts and Loss of Trabecular Bone In Part Through Suppression of the miR17-Mediated Downregulation of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase-oc in Mice. JBMR Plus 2017; 1:73-85. [PMID: 29082358 PMCID: PMC5656011 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to understand the regulation of an osteoclastic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-oc), a positive regulator of osteoclast activaty. Our past studies suggested that PTP-oc is regulated post-transcriptionally. The 3'-UTR of PTP-oc mRNA contains a target site for miR17. During osteoclastic differentiation, there was an inverse relationship between the cellular levels of miR17 (expressed as one of the six cluster genes of miR17~92) and PTP-oc mRNA. Overexpression of pre-miR17~92 in mouse osteoclast precursors reduced PTP-oc mRNA level and the size of the derived osteoclasts; whereas deletion of miR17~92 or inhibition of miR17 resulted in the formation of larger osteoclasts containing more nuclei that expressed higher PTP-oc mRNA levels and created larger resorption pits. Thus, PTP-oc-mediated osteoclast activation is modulated in part by miR17~92, particularly miR17. The miR17~92 osteoclast conditional knockout (cKO) mutants, generated by breeding miR17~92loxp/loxp mice with Ctsk-Cre mice, had lower Tb.BV/TV, Tb.BMD, Tb.Conn-Dens, Tb.N, and Tb.Th, but larger Tb.Sp, and greater bone resorption without a change in bone formation compared to littermate controls. The cKO marrow-derived osteoclasts were twice as large, contained twice as many nuclei, and produced twice as large resorption pits as osteoclasts of littermate controls. The expression of genes associated with osteoclast activation was increased in cKO osteoclasts, suggesting that deletion of miR17~92 in osteoclasts promotes osteoclast activation. The cKO osteoblasts did not show differences in cellular miR17 level, alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone nodule formation ability. In conclusion, miR17-92 negatively regulates the osteoclast activity, in part via the miR17-mediated suppression of PTP-oc in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, U.S.A
| | - Virginia M Stiffel
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A
| | - Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, U.S.A
| | - Mehran Amoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A
| | - Jordan Tapia
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A
| | - Tyler D White
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, U.S.A
| | - Matilda H-C Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, U.S.A
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173
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Takito J, Otsuka H, Inoue S, Kawashima T, Nakamura M. Symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the actin fusion structure is involved in osteoclast fusion. Biol Open 2017; 6:1104-1114. [PMID: 28711870 PMCID: PMC5550915 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the zipper-like structure (ZLS), a podosome-related structure that transiently appears at the cell contact zone, in osteoclast fusion. Live-cell imaging of osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7 cells transfected with EGFP-actin revealed consistent symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the ZLS, but not in the podosome cluster, the podosome ring or the podosome belt. Confocal imaging showed that the distributions of F-actin, vinculin, paxillin and zyxin in the ZLS were different from those in the podosome belt. Thick actin filament bundles running outside the ZLS appeared to recruit non-muscle myosin IIA. The F-actin-rich domain of the ZLS contained actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3). Inhibition of Arp2/3 activity disorganized the ZLS, disrupted actin flow, deteriorated cell-cell adhesion and inhibited osteoclast hypermultinucleation. In contrast, ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, had little effect on the structure of ZLS and promoted osteoclast hypermultinucleation. These results reveal a link between actin flow in the ZLS and osteoclast fusion. Osteoclast fusion was promoted by branched actin elongation and negatively regulated by actomyosin contraction. Summary: Multinucleated osteoclasts form a podosome-derived fusion structure during cell fusion. Juxtaposition of fusion partner cells is probably maintained via force generated by symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the fusion structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotada Otsuka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kawashima
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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174
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Zanotti S, Yu J, Sanjay A, Schilling L, Schoenherr C, Economides AN, Canalis E. Sustained Notch2 signaling in osteoblasts, but not in osteoclasts, is linked to osteopenia in a mouse model of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12232-12244. [PMID: 28592489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) present with osteoporosis, and HCS is associated with NOTCH2 mutations causing deletions of the proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich (PEST) domain that are predicted to enhance NOTCH2 stability and cause gain-of-function. Previously, we demonstrated that mice harboring Notch2 mutations analogous to those in HCS (Notch2HCS) are severely osteopenic because of enhanced bone resorption. We attributed this phenotype to osteoclastic sensitization to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and increased osteoblastic tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (Tnfsf11) expression. Here, to determine the individual contributions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to HCS osteopenia, we created a conditional-by-inversion (Notch2COIN ) model in which Cre recombination generates a Notch2ΔPEST allele expressing a Notch2 mutant lacking the PEST domain. Germ line Notch2COIN inversion phenocopied the Notch2HCS mutant, validating the model. To activate Notch2 in osteoclasts or osteoblasts, Notch2COIN mice were bred with mice expressing Cre from the Lyz2 or the BGLAP promoter, respectively. These crosses created experimental mice harboring a Notch2ΔPEST allele in Cre-expressing cells and control littermates expressing a wild-type Notch2 transcript. Notch2COIN inversion in Lyz2-expressing cells had no skeletal consequences and did not affect the capacity of bone marrow macrophages to form osteoclasts in vitro In contrast, Notch2COIN inversion in osteoblasts led to generalized osteopenia associated with enhanced bone resorption in the cancellous bone compartment and with suppressed endocortical mineral apposition rate. Accordingly, Notch2 activation in osteoblast-enriched cultures from Notch2COIN mice induced Tnfsf11 expression. In conclusion, introduction of the HCS mutation in osteoblasts, but not in osteoclasts, causes osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | | | | | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.
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175
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Takagi T, Inoue H, Takahashi N, Katsumata-Tsuboi R, Uehara M. Sulforaphene attenuates multinucleation of pre-osteoclasts by suppressing expression of cell–cell fusion-associated genes DC-STAMP, OC-STAMP, and Atp6v0d2. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1220-1223. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1281729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We assessed the effect of sulforaphene (SFE) on osteoclast differentiation. SFE significantly decreased the number of RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells and suppressed pre-osteoclast multinucleation. Furthermore, SFE downregulated mRNA expression of DC-STAMP, OC-STAMP, and Atp6v0d2, which encode cell–cell fusion molecules. Our data suggest that SFE attenuates pre-osteoclast multinucleation via suppression of cell–cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takagi
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Katsumata-Tsuboi
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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176
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Oh JH, Lee NK. Up-Regulation of RANK Expression via ERK1/2 by Insulin Contributes to the Enhancement of Osteoclast Differentiation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:371-377. [PMID: 28535663 PMCID: PMC5463046 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-RANK signaling mechanisms on osteoclast differentiation, little has been studied on how RANK expression is regulated or what regulates its expression during osteoclastogenesis. We show here that insulin signaling increases RANK expression, thus enhancing osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. Insulin stimulation induced RANK gene expression in time- and dose-dependent manners and insulin receptor shRNA completely abolished RANK expression induced by insulin in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs). Moreover, the addition of insulin in the presence of RANKL promoted RANK expression. The ability of insulin to regulate RANK expression depends on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) since only PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, specifically inhibited its expression by insulin. However, the RANK expression by RANKL was blocked by all three mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases inhibitors. The activation of RANK increased differentiation of BMMs into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts as well as the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and d2 isoform of vacuolar (H+) ATPase (v-ATPase) Vo domain (Atp6v0d2), genes critical for osteoclastic cell-cell fusion. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin induces RANK expression via ERK1/2, which contributes to the enhancement of osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
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177
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Abdel Meguid E, Ke Y, Ji J, El-Hashash AHK. Stem cells applications in bone and tooth repair and regeneration: New insights, tools, and hopes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1825-1835. [PMID: 28369866 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of stem and progenitor cells holds promise for advancing our understanding of the biology of tissue repair and regeneration mechanisms after injury. This will also help in the future use of stem cell therapy for the development of regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of different tissue-species defects or disorders such as bone, cartilages, and tooth defects or disorders. Bone is a specialized connective tissue, with mineralized extracellular components that provide bones with both strength and rigidity, and thus enable bones to function in body mechanical supports and necessary locomotion process. New insights have been added to the use of different types of stem cells in bone and tooth defects over the last few years. In this concise review, we briefly describe bone structure as well as summarize recent research progress and accumulated information regarding the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, as well as stem cell contributions to bone repair/regeneration, bone defects or disorders, and both restoration and regeneration of bones and cartilages. We also discuss advances in the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration of dental and periodontal stem cells as well as in stem cell contributions to dentine regeneration and tooth engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Abdel Meguid
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang University Institute (UoE- ZJU Institute).,Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK
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178
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Kim JM, Erkhembaatar M, Lee GS, Lee JH, Noh EM, Lee M, Song HK, Lee CH, Kwon KB, Kim MS, Lee YR. Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. ethanol extract suppresses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:410-416. [PMID: 28672947 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJ) exhibit biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-obesity, anti-oxidant and anti-allergic activities. The aim of the present study was to examine in vitro effects of PJ in RANKL-induced signaling pathways, which determine osteoclast differentiation. PJ ethanol extract (PEE) exhibited anti-osteoporotic activity by disrupting the phospholipase C (PLC)-Ca2+-c-Fos/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway during osteoclastogenesis. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were cultured and used to determine the effects of PJ in the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. The effects of PEE in the RANKL-mediated signaling cascade were evaluated using a standard in vitro osteoclastogenesis system. PEE treatment of BMMs significantly reduced the number of RANKL-mediated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (P<0.05 for 5 and 10 µg/ml PEE, P<0.01 for 25 and 50 µg/ml PEE), without cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the expression of differentiation-related marker genes, including TRAP, Oscar, Cathepsin K, dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein, ATPase H+ Transporting V0 Subunit D2 and NFATc1, were markedly suppressed. PEE induced a transient increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) mobilization via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and PLC-sensitive pathways. Transient [Ca2+]i increase consequently resulted in the suppression of c-Fos, CREB and NFATc1 activities. These findings highlight the potential use of PJ in treating bone disorders caused by osteoclast overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Mi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacology and Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.,Department of Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Guem-San Lee
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Lee
- Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minok Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hun Lee
- Microelectronics and Display, Next Generation Industrial Radiation Technology RIC, Center for PV Human Resource Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Beom Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, North Jeolla 54538, Republic of Korea
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179
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Zhao XL, Chen LF, Wang Z. Aesculin modulates bone metabolism by suppressing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and transduction signals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:15-21. [PMID: 28465233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aesculin (AES), a coumarin compound derived from Aesculus hippocasanum L, is reported to exert protective role against inflammatory diseases, gastric disease and cancer. However, direct effect of AES in bone metabolism is deficient. In this study, we examined the effects of AES on osteoclast (OC) differentiation in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW264.7 cells. AES inhibits the OC differentiation in both dose- and time-dependent manner within non-toxic concentrations, as analyzed by Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The actin ring formation manifesting OC function is also decreased by AES. Moreover, expressions of osteoclastogenesis related genes Trap, Atp6v0d2, Cathepsin K and Mmp-9 are decreased upon AES treatment. Mechanistically, AES attenuates the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB activity upon RANKL induction, thus leading to the reduction of Nfatc1 mRNA expression. Moreover, AES inhibits Rank expression, and RANK overexpression markedly decreases AES's effect on OC differentiation and NF-κB activity. Consistently, AES protects against bone mass loss in the ovariectomized and dexamethasone treated rat osteoporosis model. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AES can modulate bone metabolism by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and related transduction signals. AES therefore could be a promising agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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180
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Chiu YH, Schwarz E, Li D, Xu Y, Sheu TR, Li J, de Mesy Bentley KL, Feng C, Wang B, Wang JC, Albertorio-Saez L, Wood R, Kim M, Wang W, Ritchlin CT. Dendritic Cell-Specific Transmembrane Protein (DC-STAMP) Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation via the Ca 2+ /NFATc1 Axis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2538-2549. [PMID: 27723141 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DC-STAMP is a multi-pass transmembrane protein essential for cell-cell fusion between osteoclast precursors during osteoclast (OC) development. DC-STAMP-/- mice have mild osteopetrosis and form mononuclear cells with limited resorption capacity. The identification of an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM) on the cytoplasmic tail of DC-STAMP suggested a potential signaling function. The absence of a known DC-STAMP ligand, however, has hindered the elucidation of downstream signaling pathways. To address this problem, we engineered a light-activatable DC-STAMP chimeric molecule in which light exposure mimics ligand engagement that can be traced by downstream Ca2+ signaling. Deletion of the cytoplasmic ITIM resulted in a significant elevation in the amplitude and duration of intracellular Ca2+ flux. Decreased NFATc1 expression in DC-STAMP-/- cells was restored by DC-STAMP over-expression. Multiple biological phenotypes including cell-cell fusion, bone erosion, cell mobility, DC-STAMP cell surface distribution, and NFATc1 nuclear translocation were altered by deletion of the ITIM and adjacent amino acids. In contrast, mutations on each of the tyrosine residues surrounding the ITIM showed no effect on DC-STAMP function. Collectively, our results suggest that the ITIM on DC-STAMP is a functional motif that regulates osteoclast differentiation through the NFATc1/Ca2+ axis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2538-2549, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chiu
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Schwarz
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Dongge Li
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuexin Xu
- Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Tzong-Ren Sheu
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jinbo Li
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Karen L de Mesy Bentley
- Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Changyong Feng
- Biostatistic, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Baoli Wang
- Hormones and Development, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jhih-Cheng Wang
- Institution of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Liz Albertorio-Saez
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Ronald Wood
- OB/GYN, Urology, Neuroscience, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Wensheng Wang
- 1st Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui City, Henan Province, China
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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181
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Canalis E, Sanjay A, Yu J, Zanotti S. An Antibody to Notch2 Reverses the Osteopenic Phenotype of Hajdu-Cheney Mutant Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:730-742. [PMID: 28323963 PMCID: PMC5460801 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors play a central role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS), a disease characterized by osteoporosis and fractures, is associated with gain-of-NOTCH2 function mutations. To study HCS, we created a mouse model harboring a point 6955C>T mutation in the Notch2 locus upstream of the proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine domain, leading to a Q2319X change at the amino acid level. Notch2Q2319X heterozygous mutants exhibited cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that the cancellous and cortical osteopenic phenotype was reversed by the administration of antibodies generated against the negative regulatory region (NRR) of Notch2, previously shown to neutralize Notch2 activity. Bone histomorphometry revealed that anti-Notch2 NRR antibodies decreased the osteoclast number and eroded surface in cancellous bone of Notch2Q2319X mice. An increase in osteoclasts on the endocortical surface of Notch2Q2319X mice was not observed in the presence of anti-Notch2 NRR antibodies. The anti-Notch2 NRR antibody decreased the induction of Notch target genes and Tnfsf11 messenger RNA levels in bone extracts and osteoblasts from Notch2Q2319X mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated increased osteoclastogenesis in Notch2Q2319X mutants in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and these effects were suppressed by the anti-Notch2 NRR. In conclusion, Notch2Q2319X mice exhibit cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia that can be corrected by the administration of anti-Notch2 NRR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Medicine and
- the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Medicine and
- the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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182
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Castillo LM, Guerrero CA, Acosta O. Expression of typical osteoclast markers by PBMCs after PEG-induced fusion as a model for studying osteoclast differentiation. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:169-185. [PMID: 28343338 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically active organ subjected to continuous remodeling process that involves resorption by osteoclast and subsequent formation by osteoblasts. Osteoclast involvement in this physiological event is regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Fusion of mono-nuclear pre-osteoclasts is a critical event for osteoclast differentiation and for bone resorption. Here we show that PBMCs can be successfully fused with polyethylenglicol (PEG) in order to generated viable osteoclast-like cells that exhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and bone resorptive activities. PEG-fused PBMCs expressed additional markers compatible with osteoclastogenic differentiation such as carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), calcitonin receptor (CR), cathepsin K (Cat K), vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) subunit C1 (V-ATPase), integrin β3, RANK and cell surface aminopeptidase N/CD13. Actin redistribution in PEG-fused cells was found to be affected by cell cycle synchronization at G0/G1 or G2/M phases. PEG-induced fusion also led to expression of tyrosine kinases c-Src and Syk in their phosphorylated state. Scanning electron microscopy images showed morphological features typical of osteoclast-like cells. The results here shown allow concluding that PEG-induced fusion of PBMCs provides a suitable model system for understanding the mechanisms involved in osteoclastogenesis and for assaying new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Guerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Orlando Acosta
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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183
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Kim H, Walsh MC, Takegahara N, Middleton SA, Shin HI, Kim J, Choi Y. The purinergic receptor P2X5 regulates inflammasome activity and hyper-multinucleation of murine osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:196. [PMID: 28298636 PMCID: PMC5427844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) can result in serious clinical outcomes, including bone loss that may weaken skeletal or periodontal strength. Proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength are maintained by balancing OC function with the bone-forming function of osteoblasts. Unfortunately, current treatments that broadly inhibit OC differentiation or function may also interfere with coupled bone formation. We therefore identified a factor, the purinergic receptor P2X5 that is highly expressed during the OC maturation phase, and which we show here plays no apparent role in early bone development and homeostasis, but which is required for osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone loss and hyper-multinucleation of OCs. We further demonstrate that P2X5 is required for ATP-mediated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by OCs, and that P2X5-deficient OC maturation is rescued in vitro by addition of exogenous IL-1β. These findings identify a mechanism by which OCs react to inflammatory stimuli, and may identify purinergic signaling as a therapeutic target for bone loss-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Next generation Optical Immune-imaging, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah A Middleton
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700412, South Korea
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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184
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He LH, Liu M, He Y, Xiao E, Zhao L, Zhang T, Yang HQ, Zhang Y. TRPV1 deletion impaired fracture healing and inhibited osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42385. [PMID: 28225019 PMCID: PMC5320507 DOI: 10.1038/srep42385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing, in which osteoclasts and osteoblasts play important roles, has drawn much clinical attention. Osteoclast deficiency or decreased osteoblast activity will impair fracture healing. TRPV1 is a member of the Ca2+ permeable cation channel subfamily, and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss, which makes TRPV1 a potential target for osteoporosis. However, whether long term TRPV1 inhibition or TRPV1 deletion will affect the fracture healing process is unclear. In this study, we found that the wild-type mice showed a well-remodeled fracture callus, whereas TRPV1 knockout mice still had an obvious fracture gap with unresorbed soft-callus 4 weeks post-fracture. The number of osteoclasts was reduced in the TRPV1 knockout fracture callus, and osteoclast formation and resorption activity were also impaired in vitro. TRPV1 deletion decreased the calcium oscillation frequency and peak cytoplasmic concentration in osteoclast precursors, subsequently reducing the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and downregulating DC-stamp, cathepsin K, and ATP6V. In addition, TRPV1 deletion caused reduced mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and ALP in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and reduced calcium deposition in vitro. Our results suggest that TRPV1 deletion impairs fracture healing, and inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - E. Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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185
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Pan J, Wang J, Hao L, Zhu G, Nguyen DN, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Li YP, Chen W. The Triple Functions of D2 Silencing in Treatment of Periapical Disease. J Endod 2017; 43:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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186
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Gα13 negatively controls osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-NFATc1 signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13700. [PMID: 28102206 PMCID: PMC5253683 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many positive signalling pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been characterized, but negative signalling pathways are less well studied. Here we show by microarray and RNAi that guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α13 (Gα13) is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast-lineage-specific Gna13 conditional knockout mice have a severe osteoporosis phenotype. Gna13-deficiency triggers a drastic increase in both osteoclast number and activity (hyper-activation), mechanistically through decreased RhoA activity and enhanced Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling. Consistently, Akt inhibition or RhoA activation rescues hyper-activation of Gna13-deficient osteoclasts, and RhoA inhibition mimics the osteoclast hyperactivation resulting from Gna13-deficiency. Notably, Gα13 gain-of-function inhibits Akt activation and osteoclastogenesis, and protects mice from pathological bone loss in disease models. Collectively, we reveal that Gα13 is a master endogenous negative switch for osteoclastogenesis through regulation of the RhoA/Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 signalling pathway, and that manipulating Gα13 activity might be a therapeutic strategy for bone diseases.
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187
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Natural uranium impairs the differentiation and the resorbing function of osteoclasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:715-726. [PMID: 28089586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium is a naturally occurring radionuclide ubiquitously present in the environment. The skeleton is the main site of uranium long-term accumulation. While it has been shown that natural uranium is able to perturb bone metabolism through its chemical toxicity, its impact on bone resorption by osteoclasts has been poorly explored. Here, we examined for the first time in vitro effects of natural uranium on osteoclasts. METHODS The effects of uranium on the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cell line and primary murine osteoclastic cells were characterized by biochemical, molecular and functional analyses. RESULTS We observed a cytotoxicity effect of uranium on osteoclast precursors. Uranium concentrations in the μM range are able to inhibit osteoclast formation, mature osteoclast survival and mineral resorption but don't affect the expression of the osteoclast gene markers Nfatc1, Dc-stamp, Ctsk, Acp5, Atp6v0a3 or Atp6v0d2 in RAW 274.7 cells. Instead, we observed that uranium induces a dose-dependent accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 during osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We show here that uranium impairs osteoclast formation and function in vitro. The decrease in available precursor cells, as well as the reduced viability of mature osteoclasts appears to account for these effects of uranium. The SQSTM1/p62 level increase observed in response to uranium exposure is of particular interest since this protein is a known regulator of osteoclast formation. A tempting hypothesis discussed herein is that SQSTM1/p62 dysregulation contributes to uranium effects on osteoclastogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We describe cellular and molecular effects of uranium that potentially affect bone homeostasis.
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188
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pH Alkalinization by Chloroquine Suppresses Pathogenic Burkholderia Type 6 Secretion System 1 and Multinucleated Giant Cells. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00586-16. [PMID: 27799332 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00586-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively, in humans and animals. A hallmark of pathogenesis is the formation of granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and cell death. These processes depend on type 6 secretion system 1 (T6SS-1), which is required for virulence in animals. We examined the cell biology of MNGC formation and cell death. We found that chloroquine diphosphate (CLQ), an antimalarial drug, inhibits Burkholderia growth, phagosomal escape, and subsequent MNGC formation. This depends on CLQ's ability to neutralize the acid pH because other alkalinizing compounds similarly inhibit escape and MNGC formation. CLQ inhibits bacterial virulence protein expression because T6SS-1 and some effectors of type 3 secretion system 3 (T3SS-3), which is also required for virulence, are expressed at acid pH. We show that acid pH upregulates the expression of Hcp1 of T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1. Finally, we demonstrate that CLQ treatment of Burkholderia-infected Madagascar hissing cockroaches (HCs) increases their survival. This study highlights the multiple mechanisms by which CLQ inhibits growth and virulence and suggests that CLQ be further tested and considered, in conjunction with antibiotic use, for the treatment of diseases caused by Burkholderia.
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189
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Kim JM, Kim MY, Lee K, Jeong D. Distinctive and selective route of PI3K/PKCα-PKCδ/RhoA-Rac1 signaling in osteoclastic cell migration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:261-267. [PMID: 27576187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration during specialized stages of osteoclast precursors, mononuclear preosteoclasts, and multinucleated mature osteoclasts remain uncertain. M-CSF- and osteopontin-induced osteoclastic cell migration was inhibited by function-blocking monoclonal antibodies specific to the integrin αv and β3 subunits, suggesting that integrin αvβ3 mediates migratory signaling induced by M-CSF and osteopontin. M-CSF and osteopontin stimulation was shown to regulate two branched signaling processes, PI3K/PKCα/RhoA axis and PI3K/PKCδ/Rac1 axis. Interestingly, inactivation of RhoA or Rac1 blocked preosteoclast and mature osteoclast migration but not osteoclast precursor migration in a transwell-based cell migration assay. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on preosteoclast and mature osteoclast migration induced by Rac1 inactivation was more effective than that by RhoA inactivation. Collectively, our findings suggest that osteoclast precursor migration depends on PI3K/PKCα-PKCδ signaling mediated via integrin αvβ3 bypassing RhoA and Rac1, whereas preosteoclast and mature osteoclast migration relies on PI3K/PKCα-PKCδ/RhoA-Rac1 axis signaling mediated via integrin αvβ3 with increased dependency on PKCδ/Rac1 signaling route as differentiation progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, 42415, South Korea.
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, 42415, South Korea.
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190
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Zito F, Lampiasi N, Kireev I, Russo R. United we stand: Adhesion and molecular mechanisms driving cell fusion across species. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:552-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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191
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Lee CJ, Shim KS, Ma JY. Artemisia capillaris Alleviates Bone Loss by Stimulating Osteoblast Mineralization and Suppressing Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1675-1691. [PMID: 27852127 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris has been used to treat jaundice and relieve high liver-heat in traditional medicine. In this study, we found that the administration of a water extract from A. capillaris (WEAC) to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced bone loss model significantly prevents osteoporotic bone loss, increasing bone volume/trabecular volume by 22% and trabecular number by 24%, and decreasing trabecular separation by 29%. WEAC stimulated in vitro osteoblast mineralization from primary osteoblasts in association with increasing expression of osterix, nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, and activator protein-1, as well as phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In contrast to the anabolic effect of WEAC, WEAC significantly suppressed in vitro osteoclast formation from bone marrow macrophages by inhibiting the RANKL signaling pathways and bone resorption by downregulating the expression of resorption markers. Therefore, this study demonstrated that WEAC has a beneficial effect on bone loss through the regulation of osteoblast mineralization, as well as osteoclast formation and bone resorption. These results suggest that A. capillaris may be a promising herbal candidate for therapeutic agents to treat or prevent osteoporotic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jo Lee
- 1 KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Shuk Shim
- 1 KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- 1 KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
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192
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Smad4 is required to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and maintain bone mass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35221. [PMID: 27731422 PMCID: PMC5059689 DOI: 10.1038/srep35221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained as a delicate balance between bone-resorption and bone-formation, which are coupled to maintain appropriate bone mass. A critical question is how bone-resorption is terminated to allow bone-formation to occur. Here, we show that TGFβs inhibit osteoclastogenesis and maintain bone-mass through Smad4 activity in osteoclasts. We found that latent-TGFβ1 was activated by osteoclasts to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast-specific Smad4 conditional knockout mice (Smad4-cKO) exhibited significantly reduced bone-mass and elevated osteoclast formation relative to controls. TGFβ1-activation induced expression of Irf8 and Bcl6, both of which encode factors inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, by blocking their negative regulator, Prdm1, in osteoclasts in a Smad4-dependent manner. Reduced bone-mass and accelerated osteoclastogenesis seen in Smad4-cKO were abrogated by Prdm1 deletion. Administration of latent-TGFβ1-Fc to wild-type mice antagonized LPS-induced bone destruction in a model of activated osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Thus, latent-TGFβ1-Fc could serve as a promising new therapeutic agent in bone diseases marked by excessive resorption.
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193
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Maruyama K, Kawasaki T, Hamaguchi M, Hashimoto M, Furu M, Ito H, Fujii T, Takemura N, Karuppuchamy T, Kondo T, Kawasaki T, Fukasaka M, Misawa T, Saitoh T, Suzuki Y, Martino MM, Kumagai Y, Akira S. Bone-protective Functions of Netrin 1 Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23854-23868. [PMID: 27681594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin 1 was initially identified as an axon guidance factor, and recent studies indicate that it inhibits chemokine-directed monocyte migration. Despite its importance as a neuroimmune guidance cue, the role of netrin 1 in osteoclasts is largely unknown. Here we detected high netrin 1 levels in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Netrin 1 is potently expressed in osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts, and IL-17 robustly enhances netrin 1 expression in these cells. The binding of netrin 1 to its receptor UNC5b on osteoclasts resulted in activation of SHP1, which inhibited VAV3 phosphorylation and RAC1 activation. This significantly impaired the actin polymerization and fusion, but not the differentiation of osteoclast. Strikingly, netrin 1 treatment prevented bone erosion in an autoimmune arthritis model and age-related bone destruction. Therefore, the netrin 1-UNC5b axis is a novel therapeutic target for bone-destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiko Kawasaki
- the Division of Brain Function, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier Institute (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) and
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- the Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Furu
- the Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- the Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- the Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- the Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute for Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- From the Laboratories of Host Defense and.,the Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- the Departments of Functional Genomics and Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan, and
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- From the Laboratories of Host Defense and.,the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Shizuo Akira
- From the Laboratories of Host Defense and .,the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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194
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Duan X, Liu J, Zheng X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Yang T, Deng H. Deficiency of ATP6V1H Causes Bone Loss by Inhibiting Bone Resorption and Bone Formation through the TGF-β1 Pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2183-2195. [PMID: 27924156 PMCID: PMC5135442 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved, ancient enzyme that couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across vesicular and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. Previously reported mutations of various V-ATPase subunits are associated with increased bone density. We now show that haploinsufficiency for the H subunit of the V1 domain (ATP6V1H) is associated with osteoporosis in humans and mice. A genome-wide SNP array analysis of 1625 Han Chinese found that 4 of 15 tag SNPs (26.7%) within ATP6V1H were significantly associated with low spine bone mineral density. Atp6v1h+/- knockout mice generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique had decreased bone remodeling and a net bone matrix loss. Atp6v1h+/- osteoclasts showed impaired bone formation and increased bone resorption. The increased intracellular pH of Atp6v1h+/- osteoclasts downregulated TGF-β1 activation, thereby reducing induction of osteoblast formation but the bone mineralization was not altered. However, bone formation was reduced more than bone resorption. Our data provide evidence that partial loss of ATP6V1H function results in osteoporosis/osteopenia. We propose that defective osteoclast formation triggers impaired bone formation by altering bone remodeling. In the future, ATP6V1H might, therefore, serve as a target for the therapy of osteoporosis.
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195
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Yu J, Yun H, Shin B, Kim Y, Park ES, Choi S, Yu J, Amarasekara DS, Kim S, Inoue JI, Walsh MC, Choi Y, Takami M, Rho J. Interaction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) and Vav3 in the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANK) Signaling Complex Enhances Osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20643-60. [PMID: 27507811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway downstream of stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) by RANK ligand is crucial for osteoclastogenesis. RANK recruits TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to TRAF6-binding sites (T6BSs) in the RANK cytoplasmic tail (RANKcyto) to trigger downstream osteoclastogenic signaling cascades. RANKcyto harbors an additional highly conserved domain (HCR) that also activates crucial signaling during RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis. However, the functional cross-talk between T6BSs and the HCR in the RANK signaling complex remains unclear. To characterize the cross-talk between T6BSs and the HCR, we screened TRAF6-interacting proteins using a proteomics approach. We identified Vav3 as a novel TRAF6 binding partner and evaluated the functional importance of the TRAF6-Vav3 interaction in the RANK signaling complex. We demonstrated that the coiled-coil domain of TRAF6 interacts directly with the Dbl homology domain of Vav3 to form the RANK signaling complex independent of the TRAF6 ubiquitination pathway. TRAF6 is recruited to the RANKcyto mutant, which lacks T6BSs, via the Vav3 interaction; conversely, Vav3 is recruited to the RANKcyto mutant, which lacks the IVVY motif, via the TRAF6 interaction. Finally, we determined that the TRAF6-Vav3 interaction resulting from cross-talk between T6BSs and the IVVY motif in RANKcyto enhances downstream NF-κB, MAPK, and NFATc1 activation by further strengthening TRAF6 signaling, thereby inducing RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Thus, Vav3 is a novel TRAF6 interaction partner that functions in the activation of cooperative signaling between T6BSs and the IVVY motif in the RANK signaling complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bongjin Shin
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eui-Soon Park
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Seunga Choi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jungeun Yu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | | | - Sumi Kim
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- the Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Yongwon Choi
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Masamichi Takami
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Shinagawaku, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jaerang Rho
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea,
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196
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Segeletz S, Hoflack B. Proteomic approaches to study osteoclast biology. Proteomics 2016; 16:2545-2556. [PMID: 27350065 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue whose remodeling throughout life is orchestrated by repeated cycles of destruction mediated by osteoclasts and rebuilding by osteoblasts. Current understanding of osteoclast biology has largely relied on the generation of knockout mice exhibiting an abnormal bone phenotype. This has provided a better understanding of osteoclast biology and the key proteins that support osteoclast function. However, mouse models alone do not provide an integrated view on protein networks and post-translational modifications that might be important for osteoclast function. During the past years, a number of MS-based quantitative methods have been developed to investigate the complexity of biological systems. This review will summarize how such approaches have contributed to the understanding of osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Segeletz
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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197
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Park D, Park CW, Choi Y, Lin J, Seo DH, Kim HS, Lee SY, Kang IC. A novel small-molecule PPI inhibitor targeting integrin αvβ3-osteopontin interface blocks bone resorption in vitro and prevents bone loss in mice. Biomaterials 2016; 98:131-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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198
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Golder ZJ, Karet Frankl FE. Extra-renal locations of the a4 subunit of H(+)ATPase. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 27368196 PMCID: PMC4930620 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar-type proton pumps help maintain acid-base homeostasis either within intracellular compartments or at specialised plasma membranes. In mammals they are made up of 13 subunits, which form two functional domains. A number of the subunits have variants that display tissue restricted expression patterns such that in specialised cell types they replace the generic subunits at some sub-cellular locations. The tissue restricted a4 subunit has previously been reported at the plasma membrane in the kidney, inner ear, olfactory epithelium and male reproductive tract. RESULTS In this study novel locations of the a4 subunit were investigated using an Atp6v0a4 knockout mouse line in which a LacZ reporter cassette replaced part of the gene. The presence of a4 in the olfactory epithelium was further investigated and the additional presence of C2 and d2 subunits identified. The a4 subunit was found in the uterus of pregnant animals and a4 was identified along with d2 and C2 in the embryonic visceral yolk sac. In the male reproductive tract a4 was seen in the novel locations of the prostatic alveoli and the ampullary glands as well as the previously reported epididymis and vas deferens. CONCLUSIONS The identification of novel locations for the a4 subunit and other tissue-restricted subunits increases the range of unique subunit combinations making up the proton pump. These studies suggest additional roles of the proton pump, indicating a further range of homologue-specific functions for tissue-restricted subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe J Golder
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 139, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK
| | - Fiona E Karet Frankl
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 139, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK.
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199
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Sevastou I, Pryce G, Baker D, Selwood DL. Characterisation of Transcriptional Changes in the Spinal Cord of the Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Biozzi ABH Mouse Model by RNA Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157754. [PMID: 27355629 PMCID: PMC4927105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating immune-mediated neurological disorder affecting young adults. MS is primarily relapsing-remitting, but neurodegeneration and disability accumulate from disease onset. The most commonly used mouse MS models exhibit a monophasic immune response with fast accumulation of neurological damage that does not allow the study of progressive neurodegeneration. The chronic relapsing and secondary progressive EAE (pEAE) Biozzi ABH mouse model of MS exhibits a reproducible relapsing-remitting disease course that slowly accumulates permanent neurological deficit and develops a post-relapsing progressive disease that permits the study of demyelination and neurodegeneration. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was used to explore global gene expression in the pEAE Biozzi ABH mouse. Spinal cord tissue RNA from pEAE Biozzi ABH mice and healthy age-matched controls was sequenced. 2,072 genes were differentially expressed (q<0.05) from which 1,397 were significantly upregulated and 675 were significantly downregulated. This hypothesis-free investigation characterised the genomic changes that describe the pEAE mouse model. The differentially expressed genes revealed a persistent immunoreactant phenotype, combined with downregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis superpathway and the LXR/RXR activation pathway. Genes differentially expressed include the myelination genes Slc17a7, Ugt8A and Opalin, the neuroprotective genes Sprr1A, Osm and Wisp2, as well as genes identified as MS risk factors, including RGs14 and Scap2. Novel genes with unestablished roles in EAE or MS were also identified. The identification of differentially expressed novel genes and genes involved in MS pathology, opens the door to their functional study in the pEAE mouse model which recapitulates some of the important clinical features of progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sevastou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Science, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Pryce
- Neuroimmmunology Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - David Baker
- Neuroimmmunology Unit, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Selwood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Science, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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200
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Park SJ, Huh JE, Shin J, Park DR, Ko R, Jin GR, Seo DH, Kim HS, Shin HI, Oh GT, Kim HS, Lee SY. Sirt6 cooperates with Blimp1 to positively regulate osteoclast differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26186. [PMID: 27189179 PMCID: PMC4870620 DOI: 10.1038/srep26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global deletion of the gene encoding a nuclear histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in mice leads to osteopenia with a low bone turnover due to impaired bone formation. But whether Sirt6 regulates osteoclast differentiation is less clear. Here we show that Sirt6 functions as a transcriptional regulator to directly repress anti-osteoclastogenic gene expression. Targeted ablation of Sirt6 in hematopoietic cells including osteoclast precursors resulted in increased bone volume caused by a decreased number of osteoclasts. Overexpression of Sirt6 led to an increase in osteoclast formation, and Sirt6-deficient osteoclast precursor cells did not undergo osteoclast differentiation efficiently. Moreover, we showed that Sirt6, induced by RANKL-dependent NFATc1 expression, forms a complex with B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) to negatively regulate expression of anti-osteoclastogenic gene such as Mafb. These findings identify Sirt6 as a novel regulator of osteoclastogenesis by acting as a transcriptional repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Doo Ri Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Gyu-Rin Jin
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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