151
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Covell AD, Zeng Z, Mabe T, Wei J, Adamson A, LaJeunesse DR. Alternative SiO 2 Surface Direct MDCK Epithelial Behavior. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3307-3317. [PMID: 33445372 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical interactions of cells are mediated through adhesive interactions. In this study, we examined the growth, cellular behavior, and adhesion of MDCK epithelial cells on three different SiO2 substrates: amorphous glass coverslips and the silicon oxide layers that grow on ⟨111⟩ and ⟨100⟩ wafers. While compositionally all three substrates are almost similar, differences in surface energy result in dramatic differences in epithelial cell morphology, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substrate adhesion, actin organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression. We also observe striking differences in ECM protein binding to the various substrates due to the hydrogen bond interactions. Our results demonstrate that MDCK cells have a robust response to differences in substrates that is not obviated by nanotopography or surface composition and that a cell's response may manifest through subtle differences in surface energies of the materials. This work strongly suggests that other properties of a material other than composition and topology should be considered when interpreting and controlling interactions of cells with a substrate, whether it is synthetic or natural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Covell
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Taylor Mabe
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Amy Adamson
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 201 Eberhart Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Dennis R LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd., Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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152
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Kumar A, Placone JK, Engler AJ. Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance. Development 2017; 144:4261-4270. [PMID: 29183939 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells interpret signals from their microenvironment while simultaneously modifying the niche through secreting factors and exerting mechanical forces. Many soluble stem cell cues have been determined over the past century, but in the past decade, our molecular understanding of mechanobiology has advanced to explain how passive and active forces induce similar signaling cascades that drive self-renewal, migration, differentiation or a combination of these outcomes. Improvements in stem cell culture methods, materials and biophysical tools that assess function have improved our understanding of these cascades. Here, we summarize these advances and offer perspective on ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jesse K Placone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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153
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Vining KH, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces direct stem cell behaviour in development and regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:728-742. [PMID: 29115301 PMCID: PMC5803560 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells and their local microenvironment, or niche, communicate through mechanical cues to regulate cell fate and cell behaviour and to guide developmental processes. During embryonic development, mechanical forces are involved in patterning and organogenesis. The physical environment of pluripotent stem cells regulates their self-renewal and differentiation. Mechanical and physical cues are also important in adult tissues, where adult stem cells require physical interactions with the extracellular matrix to maintain their potency. In vitro, synthetic models of the stem cell niche can be used to precisely control and manipulate the biophysical and biochemical properties of the stem cell microenvironment and to examine how the mode and magnitude of mechanical cues, such as matrix stiffness or applied forces, direct stem cell differentiation and function. Fundamental insights into the mechanobiology of stem cells also inform the design of artificial niches to support stem cells for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H. Vining
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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154
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Urbanska M, Winzi M, Neumann K, Abuhattum S, Rosendahl P, Müller P, Taubenberger A, Anastassiadis K, Guck J. Single-cell mechanical phenotype is an intrinsic marker of reprogramming and differentiation along the mouse neural lineage. Development 2017; 144:4313-4321. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming is a dedifferentiation process during which cells continuously undergo phenotypical remodeling. Although the genetic and biochemical details of this remodeling are fairly well understood, little is known about the change in cell mechanical properties during the process. In this study, we investigated changes in the mechanical phenotype of murine fetal neural progenitor cells (fNPCs) during reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We find that fNPCs become progressively stiffer en route to pluripotency, and that this stiffening is mirrored by iPSCs becoming more compliant during differentiation towards the neural lineage. Furthermore, we show that the mechanical phenotype of iPSCs is comparable with that of embryonic stem cells. These results suggest that mechanical properties of cells are inherent to their developmental stage. They also reveal that pluripotent cells can differentiate towards a more compliant phenotype, which challenges the view that pluripotent stem cells are less stiff than any cells more advanced developmentally. Finally, our study indicates that the cell mechanical phenotype might be utilized as an inherent biophysical marker of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Urbanska
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Maria Winzi
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
- JPK Instruments AG, Colditzstraße 34-36, Berlin 12099, Germany
| | - Philipp Rosendahl
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden 01307, Germany
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155
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Nyberg KD, Hu KH, Kleinman SH, Khismatullin DB, Butte MJ, Rowat AC. Quantitative Deformability Cytometry: Rapid, Calibrated Measurements of Cell Mechanical Properties. Biophys J 2017; 113:1574-1584. [PMID: 28978449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in methods that determine cell mechanical phenotype, or mechanotype, have demonstrated the utility of biophysical markers in clinical and research applications ranging from cancer diagnosis to stem cell enrichment. Here, we introduce quantitative deformability cytometry (q-DC), a method for rapid, calibrated, single-cell mechanotyping. We track changes in cell shape as cells deform into microfluidic constrictions, and we calibrate the mechanical stresses using gel beads. We observe that time-dependent strain follows power-law rheology, enabling single-cell measurements of apparent elastic modulus, Ea, and power-law exponent, β. To validate our method, we mechanotype human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells and thereby confirm q-DC measurements of Ea = 0.53 ± 0.04 kPa. We also demonstrate that q-DC is sensitive to pharmacological perturbations of the cytoskeleton as well as differences in the mechanotype of human breast cancer cell lines (Ea = 2.1 ± 0.1 and 0.80 ± 0.19 kPa for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells). To establish an operational framework for q-DC, we investigate the effects of applied stress and cell/pore-size ratio on mechanotype measurements. We show that Ea increases with applied stress, which is consistent with stress stiffening behavior of cells. We also find that Ea increases for larger cell/pore-size ratios, even when the same applied stress is maintained; these results indicate strain stiffening and/or dependence of mechanotype on deformation depth. Taken together, the calibrated measurements enabled by q-DC should advance applications of cell mechanotype in basic research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth H Hu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sara H Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Manish J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Center for Biological Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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156
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Reduction of pluripotent gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to mechanical loading or Cyclo RGD peptide. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 29137597 PMCID: PMC5686896 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is directed by biological and/or physical cues that regulate multiple signaling cascades. We have previously shown that mESCs seeded in a type I collagen matrix demonstrate a loss of pluripotent marker expression and differentiate towards an osteogenic lineage. In this study, we examined if this effect was mediated in part through Arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) dependent integrin activity and/or mechano-transduction. Results The results from this study suggest that mESC interaction with the local microenvironment through RGD dependent integrins play a role in the regulation of mESC core transcription factors (TF), Oct-4, Sox 2 and Nanog. Disruption of this interaction with a cyclic RGD peptide (cRGDfC) was sufficient to mimic the effect of a mechanical stimulus in terms of pluripotent gene expression, specifically, we observed that supplementation with cRGDfC, or mechanical stimulus, significantly influenced mESC pluripotency by down-regulating core transcription factors. Moreover, our results indicated that the presence of the cRGDfC peptide inhibited integrin expression and up-regulated early lineage markers (mesoderm and ectoderm) in a Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) dependent manner. When cRGDfC treated mESCs were injected in Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, no tissue growth and/or teratoma formation was observed, suggesting that the process of mESC tumor formation in vivo is potentially dependent on integrin interaction. Conclusions Overall, the disruption of cell-integrin interaction via cRGDfC peptide can mimic the effect of mechanical stimulation on mESC pluripotency gene expression and also inhibit the tumorigenic potential of mESCs in vivo.
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157
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Syed S, Schober J, Blanco A, Zustiak SP. Morphological adaptations in breast cancer cells as a function of prolonged passaging on compliant substrates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187853. [PMID: 29136040 PMCID: PMC5685588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard tissue culture practices involve propagating cells on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) dishes, which are flat, 2-dimensional (2D) and orders of magnitude stiffer than most tissues in the body. Such simplified conditions lead to phenotypical cell changes and altered cell behaviors. Hence, much research has been focused on developing novel biomaterials and culture conditions that more closely emulate in vivo cell microenvironments. In particular, biomaterial stiffness has emerged as a key property that greatly affects cell behaviors such as adhesion, morphology, proliferation and motility among others. Here we ask whether cells that have been conditioned to TCP, would still show significant dependence on substrate stiffness if they are first pre-adapted to a more physiologically relevant environment. We used two commonly utilized breast cancer cell lines, namely MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and examined the effect of prolonged cell culturing on polyacrylamide substrates of varying compliance. We followed changes in cell adhesion, proliferation, shape factor, spreading area and spreading rate. After pre-adaptation, we noted diminished differences in cell behaviors when comparing between soft (1 kPa) and stiff (103 kPa) gels as well as rigid TCP control. Prolonged culturing of cells on complaint substrates further influenced responses of pre-adapted cells when transferred back to TCP. Our results have implications for the study of stiffness-dependent cell behaviors and indicate that cell pre-adaptation to the substrate needs consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph Schober
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Silviya Petrova Zustiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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158
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Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of the calvarial sutures that is associated with a number of physical and intellectual disabilities spanning from pediatric to adult years. Over the past two decades, techniques in molecular genetics and more recently, advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have been used to examine the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. To date, mutations in 57 genes have been identified as causing craniosynostosis and the number of newly discovered genes is growing rapidly as a result of the advances in genomic technologies. While contributions from both genetic and environmental factors in this disease are increasingly apparent, there remains a gap in knowledge that bridges the clinical characteristics and genetic markers of craniosynostosis with their signaling pathways and mechanotransduction processes. By linking genotype to phenotype, outlining the role of cell mechanics may further uncover the specific mechanotransduction pathways underlying craniosynostosis. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent findings in craniofacial genetics and cell mechanics, discussing how this information together with animal models is advancing our understanding of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and the, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Seattle WA, 98105, USA
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159
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Pegoraro AF, Janmey P, Weitz DA. Mechanical Properties of the Cytoskeleton and Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/11/a022038. [PMID: 29092896 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe cytoskeleton is the major mechanical structure of the cell; it is a complex, dynamic biopolymer network comprising microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments. Both the individual filaments and the entire network are not simple elastic solids but are instead highly nonlinear structures. Appreciating the mechanics of biopolymer networks is key to understanding the mechanics of cells. Here, we review the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal polymers and discuss the implications for the behavior of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Pegoraro
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Paul Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David A Weitz
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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160
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McLeod C, Mauck R. On the origin and impact of mesenchymal stem cell heterogeneity: new insights and emerging tools for single cell analysis. Eur Cell Mater 2017; 34:217-231. [PMID: 29076514 PMCID: PMC7735381 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v034a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display substantial cell-to-cell variation. This heterogeneity manifests among donors, among tissue sources, and within cell populations. Such pervasive variability complicates the use of MSCs in regenerative applications and may limit their therapeutic efficacy. Most conventional assays measure MSC properties in bulk and, as a consequence, mask this cell-to-cell variation. Recent studies have identified extensive variability amongst and within clonal MSC populations, in dimensions including functional differentiation capacity, molecular state (e.g. epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic status), and biophysical properties. While the origins of these variations remain to be elucidated, potential mechanisms include in vivo micro-anatomical heterogeneity, epigenetic bistability, and transcriptional fluctuations. Emerging tools for single cell analysis of MSC gene and protein expression may yield further insight into the mechanisms and implications of single cell variation amongst these cells, and ultimately improve the clinical utility of MSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. This review outlines the dimensions across which MSC heterogeneity is present, defines some of the known mechanisms that govern this heterogeneity, and highlights emerging technologies that may further refine our understanding and improve our clinical application of this unique cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. McLeod
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R.L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Address for correspondence: Robert L. Mauck, PhD, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Telephone: 1-215-898-3294 FAX: 1-215-573-2133
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161
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Lou YR, Leung AW. Next generation organoids for biomedical research and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:132-149. [PMID: 29056474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro cultures of miniature fetal or adult organ-like structures. Their potentials for use in tissue and organ replacement, disease modeling, toxicology studies, and drug discovery are tremendous. Currently, major challenges facing human organoid technology include (i) improving the range of cellular heterogeneity for a particular organoid system, (ii) mimicking the native micro- and matrix-environment encountered by cells within organoids, and (iii) developing robust protocols for the in vitro maturation of organoids that remain mostly fetal-like in cultures. To tackle these challenges, we advocate the principle of reverse engineering that replicates the inner workings of in vivo systems with the goal of achieving functionality and maturation of the resulting organoid structures with the input of minimal intrinsic (cellular) and environmental (matrix and niche) constituents. Here, we present an overview of organoid technology development in several systems that employ cell materials derived from fetal and adult tissues and pluripotent stem cell cultures. We focus on key studies that exploit the self-organizing property of embryonic progenitors and the role of designer matrices and cell-free scaffolds in assisting organoid formation. We further explore the relationship between adult stem cells, niche factors, and other current developments that aim to enhance robust organoid maturation. From these works, we propose a standardized pipeline for the development of future protocols that would help generate more physiologically relevant human organoids for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Lou
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Alan W Leung
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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162
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Guo M, Pegoraro AF, Mao A, Zhou EH, Arany PR, Han Y, Burnette DT, Jensen MH, Kasza KE, Moore JR, Mackintosh FC, Fredberg JJ, Mooney DJ, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Weitz DA. Cell volume change through water efflux impacts cell stiffness and stem cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8618-E8627. [PMID: 28973866 PMCID: PMC5642688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705179114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells alter their mechanical properties in response to their local microenvironment; this plays a role in determining cell function and can even influence stem cell fate. Here, we identify a robust and unified relationship between cell stiffness and cell volume. As a cell spreads on a substrate, its volume decreases, while its stiffness concomitantly increases. We find that both cortical and cytoplasmic cell stiffness scale with volume for numerous perturbations, including varying substrate stiffness, cell spread area, and external osmotic pressure. The reduction of cell volume is a result of water efflux, which leads to a corresponding increase in intracellular molecular crowding. Furthermore, we find that changes in cell volume, and hence stiffness, alter stem-cell differentiation, regardless of the method by which these are induced. These observations reveal a surprising, previously unidentified relationship between cell stiffness and cell volume that strongly influences cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Adrian F Pegoraro
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Angelo Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Enhua H Zhou
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Yulong Han
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mikkel H Jensen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819
| | - Karen E Kasza
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Frederick C Mackintosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Theoretical Biophysics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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163
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Wu H, Shang Y, Zhang J, Cheang LH, Zeng X, Tu M. The effects of liquid crystal-based composite substrates on cell functional responses of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by mechano-regulatory process. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:492-503. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217733378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupan Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lek Hang Cheang
- Macau Medical Science & Technology Research Association, Macao, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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164
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Mehrnezhad A, Park K. Multifrequency Optomechanical Stiffness Measurement of Single Adherent Cells on a Solid Substrate with High Throughput. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10841-10849. [PMID: 28895727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of a cell reflect its biological and pathological conditions and there have been active research efforts to develop high-throughput platforms to mechanically characterize single cells. Yet, many of these research efforts are focused on suspended cells and use a flow-through configuration. In this paper, the stiffness of single adherent cells are optomechanically characterized using the vibration-induced phase shift (VIPS) without detaching them from the substrate. With the VIPS measurements, the frequency and amplitude dependency of the cell stiffness is investigated and statistically significant difference in the cell stiffness is confirmed after exposure to various drugs affecting cytoskeleton network. Furthermore, a 3-dimensional finite element model of a cell on a vibrating substrate is developed to extract the mechanical property from the measured VIPS. The developed technique can characterize the mechanical properties of single adherent cells at multiple frequencies with high throughput and will provide valuable clues in understanding cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehrnezhad
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering Building, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809, United States
| | - Kidong Park
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering Building, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809, United States
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165
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Minami K, Mori T, Nakanishi W, Shigi N, Nakanishi J, Hill JP, Komiyama M, Ariga K. Suppression of Myogenic Differentiation of Mammalian Cells Caused by Fluidity of a Liquid-Liquid Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30553-30560. [PMID: 28836758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that the prevailing physical microenvironment and mechanical stress regulate cellular functions, including adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, the physical microenvironment determines the stem-cell lineage depending on stiffness of the substrate relative to biological tissues as well as the stress relaxation properties of the viscoelastic substrates used for cell culture. However, there is little known regarding the biological effects of a fluid substrate, where viscoelastic stress is essentially absent. Here, we demonstrate the regulation of myogenic differentiation on fluid substrates by using a liquid-liquid interface as a scaffold. C2C12 myoblast cells were cultured using water-perfluorocarbon (PFC) interfaces as the fluid microenvironment. We found that, for controlled in vitro culture at water-PFC interfaces, expression of myogenin, myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) family gene, is remarkably attenuated even when myogenic differentiation was induced by reducing levels of growth factors, although MyoD was expressed at the usual level (MyoD up-regulates myogenin under an elastic and/or viscoelastic environment). These results strongly suggest that this unique regulation of myogenic differentiation can be attributed to the fluid microenvironment of the interfacial culture medium. This interfacial culture system represents a powerful tool for investigation of the mechanisms by which physical properties regulate cellular adhesion and proliferation as well as their differentiation. Furthermore, we successfully transferred the cells cultured at such interfaces using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques. The combination of the interfacial culture system with the LB approach enables investigation of the effects of mechanical compression on cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minami
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Waka Nakanishi
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Narumi Shigi
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Makoto Komiyama
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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166
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Du V, Luciani N, Richard S, Mary G, Gay C, Mazuel F, Reffay M, Menasché P, Agbulut O, Wilhelm C. A 3D magnetic tissue stretcher for remote mechanical control of embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28900152 PMCID: PMC5596024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create a 3D tissue structure from individual cells and then to stimulate it at will is a major goal for both the biophysics and regenerative medicine communities. Here we show an integrated set of magnetic techniques that meet this challenge using embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We assessed the impact of magnetic nanoparticles internalization on ESCs viability, proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation profiles. We developed magnetic attractors capable of aggregating the cells remotely into a 3D embryoid body. This magnetic approach to embryoid body formation has no discernible impact on ESC differentiation pathways, as compared to the hanging drop method. It is also the base of the final magnetic device, composed of opposing magnetic attractors in order to form embryoid bodies in situ, then stretch them, and mechanically stimulate them at will. These stretched and cyclic purely mechanical stimulations were sufficient to drive ESCs differentiation towards the mesodermal cardiac pathway. The development of embryoid bodies that are responsive to external stimuli is of great interest in tissue engineering. Here, the authors culture embryonic stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles and show that the presence of magnetic fields could affect their aggregation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicard Du
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Luciani
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sophie Richard
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Cyprien Gay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - François Mazuel
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Myriam Reffay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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167
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Yeh YC, Corbin EA, Caliari SR, Ouyang L, Vega SL, Truitt R, Han L, Margulies KB, Burdick JA. Mechanically dynamic PDMS substrates to investigate changing cell environments. Biomaterials 2017; 145:23-32. [PMID: 28843064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in governing cell behavior, such as cell spreading and differentiation. ECM mechanics have been recapitulated primarily in elastic hydrogels, including with dynamic properties to mimic complex behaviors (e.g., fibrosis); however, these dynamic hydrogels fail to introduce the viscoelastic nature of many tissues. Here, we developed a two-step crosslinking strategy to first form (via platinum-catalyzed crosslinking) networks of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and then to increase PDMS crosslinking (via thiol-ene click reaction) in a temporally-controlled manner. This photoinitiated reaction increased the compressive modulus of PDMS up to 10-fold within minutes and was conducted under cytocompatible conditions. With stiffening, cells displayed increased spreading, changing from ∼1300 to 1900 μm2 and from ∼2700 to 4600 μm2 for fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. In addition, higher myofibroblast activation (from ∼2 to 20%) for cardiac fibroblasts was observed with increasing PDMS substrate stiffness. These results indicate a cellular response to changes in PDMS substrate mechanics, along with a demonstration of a mechanically dynamic and photoresponsive PDMS substrate platform to model the dynamic behavior of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elise A Corbin
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liu Ouyang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Truitt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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168
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Sart S, Bejoy J, Li Y. Characterization of 3D pluripotent stem cell aggregates and the impact of their properties on bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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169
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Mou X, Wang S, Liu X, Guo W, Li J, Qiu J, Yu X, Wang ZL, Liu X, Geng Z, Liu H. Static pressure-induced neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10031-10037. [PMID: 28682386 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing experimental evidence suggests that physical cues play an important role in regulating the fate of stem cells and stimulating their differentiation behavior. We report here that static pressure enables the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neural-like cells within several hours in the absence of disruptive bio-factors or chemicals. The realization of such differentiation is supported by the observation of characteristic morphology of neural-like cells with neurites, and an up-regulated expression level of neural-specific markers. Our finding also demonstrates the utility of the static pressure-based approach for in situ and specifically localized creation of neural cell systems, thereby providing profound implications for developing therapeutic application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Mou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, P. R. China100083.
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170
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Cui B, Cao X, Zou W, Wan Y, Wang N, Wang Y, Li P, Hua F, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li K, Lv X, Huang B, Hu Z. Regulation of immune-related diseases by multiple factors of chromatin, exosomes, microparticles, vaccines, oxidative stress, dormancy, protein quality control, inflammation and microenvironment: a meeting report of 2017 International Workshop of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Initiative for Innovative Medicine on Tumor Immunology. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017. [PMCID: PMC6281278 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play key roles in cancer and chronic
inflammatory disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms and risks will
help develop novel target therapies. At the 2017 International Workshop of the
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Initiative for Innovative Medicine on
Tumor Immunology held in Beijing, China, on May 12, 2017, a number of speakers
reported new findings and ongoing studies on immune-related diseases such as
cancer, fibrotic disease, diabetes, and others. A considerably insightful
overview was provided on cancer immunity, tumor microenvironments, and new
immunotherapy for cancer. In addition, chronic inflammatory diseases were
discussed. These findings may offer new insights into targeted
immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology,
Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
100005, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School
of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The University of Michigan Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Graduate
Programs in Immunology and Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
48109, USA
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine,
McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N
3Z5, Canada
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative
Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and
Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074,
China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology,
National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy
of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center for
Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London,
London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pingping Li
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100050,
China
| | - Fang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,
100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,
100050, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
| | - Bo Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology,
Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology,
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan,
430030, China; Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,
Beijing, 100050,
China
- Corresponding author at: National Key Laboratory of
Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,
Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhuowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and
Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
100050, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +861083165034.
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171
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Lim HJ, Mosley MC, Kurosu Y, Smith Callahan LA. Concentration dependent survival and neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells cultured on polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogels possessing a continuous concentration gradient of n-cadherin derived peptide His-Ala-Val-Asp-Lle. Acta Biomater 2017; 56:153-160. [PMID: 27915022 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin cell-cell signaling plays a key role in the structure and function of the nervous system. However, few studies have incorporated bioactive signaling from n-cadherin into tissue engineering matrices. The present study uses a continuous gradient approach in polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogels to identify concentration dependent effects of n-cadherin peptide, His-Ala-Val-Asp-Lle (HAVDI), on murine embryonic stem cell survival and neural differentiation. The n-cadherin peptide was found to affect the expression of pluripotency marker, alkaline phosphatase, in murine embryonic stem cells cultured on n-cadherin peptide containing hydrogels in a concentration dependent manner. Increasing n-cadherin peptide concentrations in the hydrogels elicited a biphasic response in neurite extension length and mRNA expression of neural differentiation marker, neuron-specific class III β-tubulin, in murine embryonic stem cells cultured on the hydrogels. High concentrations of n-cadherin peptide in the hydrogels were found to increase the expression of apoptotic marker, caspase 3/7, in murine embryonic stem cells compared to that of murine embryonic stem cell cultures on hydrogels containing lower concentrations of n-cadherin peptide. Increasing the n-cadherin peptide concentration in the hydrogels facilitated greater survival of murine embryonic stem cells exposed to increasing oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide exposure. The combinatorial approach presented in this work demonstrates concentration dependent effects of n-cadherin signaling on mouse embryonic stem cell behavior, underscoring the need for the greater use of systematic approaches in tissue engineering matrix design in order to understand and optimize bioactive signaling in the matrix for tissue formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Single cell encapsulation is common in tissue engineering matrices. This eliminates cellular access to cell-cell signaling. N-cadherin, a cell-cell signaling molecule, plays a vital role in the development of neural tissues, but has not been well studied as a bioactive signaling element in neural tissue engineering matrices. The present study uses a systematic continuous gradient approach to identify concentration dependent effects of n-cadherin derived peptide, HAVDI, on the survival and neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. This work underscores the need for greater use to combinatorial strategies to understand the effect complex bioactive signaling, such as n-cadherin, and the need to optimize the concentration of such bioactive signaling within tissue engineering matrices for maximal cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Matthew C Mosley
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Yuki Kurosu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; The Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States.
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172
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Abstract
Communication between cells enables them to coordinate their activity and is crucial for the differentiation, development, and function of tissues and multicellular organisms. Cell-cell communication is discussed almost exclusively as having a chemical or electrical origin. Only recently, a new mode of cell communication was elucidated: mechanical communication through the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells can communicate mechanically by responding either to mechanical deformations generated by their neighbors or to a change in the mechanical properties of the ECM induced by a neighboring cell. This newly resolved mode of communication possesses unique features that complement the cellular ability to receive and share information, and to consequently act in a cooperative way with surrounding cells. Herein, we review several examples of mechanical communication, discuss their unique properties, and comment on the major challenges facing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liel Sapir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shelly Tzlil
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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173
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Abstract
Living cells and tissues experience physical forces and chemical stimuli in a human body. The process of converting mechanical forces into biochemical activities and gene expression is mechanochemical transduction or mechanotransduction. Significant advances have been made in understanding mechanotransduction at cellular and molecular levels over the last two decades. However, major challenges remain in elucidating how a living cell integrates signals from mechanotransduction with chemical signals to regulate gene expression and to generate coherent biological responses in living tissues in physiological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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174
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Eroshkin FM, Zaraisky AG. Mechano-sensitive regulation of gene expression during the embryonic development. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28236362 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell movements during embryogenesis produce mechanical tensions that shape the embryo and can also regulate gene expression, thereby affecting cell differentiation. Increasing evidence indicates that mechanosensitive regulation of gene expression plays important roles during embryogenesis by coupling the processes of morphogenesis and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that "translate" mechanical stimuli into gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor M Eroshkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Embryogenesis, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Embryogenesis, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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175
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Biophysical regulation of mouse embryonic stem cell fate and genomic integrity by feeder derived matrices. Biomaterials 2017; 119:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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176
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Hodgson AC, Verstreken CM, Fisher CL, Keyser UF, Pagliara S, Chalut KJ. A microfluidic device for characterizing nuclear deformations. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:805-813. [PMID: 28116393 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell nuclei experience and respond to a wide range of forces, both in vivo and in vitro. In order to characterize the nuclear response to physical stress, we developed a microfluidic chip and used it to apply mechanical stress to live cells and measure their nuclear deformability. The device design is optimized for the detection of both nucleus and cytoplasm, which can then be conveniently quantified using a custom-written Matlab program. We measured nuclear sizes and strains of embryonic stem cells, for which we observed negative Poisson ratios in the nuclei. In addition, we were able to detect changes in the nuclear response after treatment with actin depolymerizing and chromatin decondensing agents. Finally, we showed that the device can be used for biologically relevant high-resolution confocal imaging of cells under compression. Thus, the device presented here allows for accurate physical phenotyping at high throughput and has the potential to be applied to a range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hodgson
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Christophe M Verstreken
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK. and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cynthia L Fisher
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Ulrich F Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4, UK.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK. and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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177
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Raczkowska J, Prauzner-Bechcicki S, Dąbczyński P, Szydlak R. Elasticity patterns induced by phase-separation in polymer blend films. THIN SOLID FILMS 2017; 624:181-186. [PMID: 29681664 PMCID: PMC5909711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Systematical studies on the impact of the thickness of thin films composed of polystyrene (PS) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the effective elasticity of polymer-decorated soft polydimethylsiloxane substrate were performed. For both investigated polymer films, elasticity parameter was determined from force-displacement curves recorded using atomic force microscopy. Effective stiffness of supported film grows monotonically with film thickness, starting from the value comparable to the elasticity of soft support and reaching plateau for polymer layers thicker than 200 nm. In contrary, for films cast on hard support no significant thickness dependence of elasticity was observed and the value of elasticity parameter was similar to the one of the substrate. Based on these results, non-conventional method to produce elasticity patterns of various shapes and dimensions induced by phase-separation process in symmetric and asymmetric PS:PEO blend films on soft support was demonstrated. Elevated PS domains were characterized by elasticity parameter 2 times higher than lower PEO matrix. In contrary, adhesion force was increased more than 3 times for PEO regions, as compared to PS areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raczkowska
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Prauzner-Bechcicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Szydlak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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178
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Muhamed I, Chowdhury F, Maruthamuthu V. Biophysical Tools to Study Cellular Mechanotransduction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E12. [PMID: 28952491 PMCID: PMC5590431 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is the interface that volumetrically isolates cellular components from the cell's environment. Proteins embedded within and on the membrane have varied biological functions: reception of external biochemical signals, as membrane channels, amplification and regulation of chemical signals through secondary messenger molecules, controlled exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, organized recruitment and sequestration of cytosolic complex proteins, cell division processes, organization of the cytoskeleton and more. The membrane's bioelectrical role is enabled by the physiologically controlled release and accumulation of electrochemical potential modulating molecules across the membrane through specialized ion channels (e.g., Na⁺, Ca2+, K⁺ channels). The membrane's biomechanical functions include sensing external forces and/or the rigidity of the external environment through force transmission, specific conformational changes and/or signaling through mechanoreceptors (e.g., platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, epithelial (E)-cadherin, integrin) embedded in the membrane. Certain mechanical stimulations through specific receptor complexes induce electrical and/or chemical impulses in cells and propagate across cells and tissues. These biomechanical sensory and biochemical responses have profound implications in normal physiology and disease. Here, we discuss the tools that facilitate the understanding of mechanosensitive adhesion receptors. This article is structured to provide a broad biochemical and mechanobiology background to introduce a freshman mechano-biologist to the field of mechanotransduction, with deeper study enabled by many of the references cited herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeel Muhamed
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Farhan Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Venkat Maruthamuthu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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179
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Luo S, Li Y, Ma R, Liu J, Xu P, Zhang H, Tang K, Ma J, Liu N, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ji T, Liang X, Yin X, Liu Y, Tong W, Niu Y, Wang N, Wang X, Huang B. Downregulation of PCK2 remodels tricarboxylic acid cycle in tumor-repopulating cells of melanoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3609-3617. [PMID: 28166201 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For cancer cells to proliferate, a balance must be built between biomass-forming, glucose-metabolized intermediates and ATP production. How intrinsic glucose carbon flow regulates this balance remains unclear. Here we show that mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2), the hub molecule linking tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by conversion of mitochondrial oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate, regulates glucose carbon flow direction in stem-like cells that repopulate tumors (tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs)). PCK2 downregulation accelerated biosynthesis and transportation of citrate from mitochondria to the cytosol, leading to cytosolic glucose carbon flow via OAA-malate-pyruvate and acetyl-CoA-fatty acid pathways in TRCs. On the other hand, downregulating PCK2 hindered fumarate carbon flows in TCA cycle, leading to attenuated oxidative phosphorylation. In pathological terms, PCK2 overexpression slowed TRC growth in vitro and impeded tumorigenesis in vivo. Overall, our work unveiled unexpected glucose carbon flows of TRCs in melanoma that have implications for targeting metabolic aspects of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - R Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - P Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - K Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - N Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - T Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Tong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N Wang
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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180
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Yang Y, Wang K, Gu X, Leong KW. Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior-Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2017; 3:36-54. [PMID: 29071164 PMCID: PMC5653318 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness and nanotopographical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence numerous developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in vivo. These biophysical cues have therefore been applied to modulate almost all aspects of cell behavior, from cell adhesion and spreading to proliferation and differentiation. Delineation of the biophysical modulation of cell behavior is critical to the rational design of new biomaterials, implants, and medical devices. The effects of stiffness and topographical cues on cell behavior have previously been reviewed, respectively; however, the interwoven effects of stiffness and nanotopographical cues on cell behavior have not been well described, despite similarities in phenotypic manifestations. Herein, we first review the effects of substrate stiffness and nanotopography on cell behavior, and then focus on intracellular transmission of the biophysical signals from integrins to nucleus. Attempts are made to connect extracellular regulation of cell behavior with the biophysical cues. We then discuss the challenges in dissecting the biophysical regulation of cell behavior and in translating the mechanistic understanding of these cues to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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181
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Higuchi A, Suresh Kumar S, Ling QD, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Murugan K, Hsu ST, Benelli G, Umezawa A. Polymeric design of cell culture materials that guide the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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182
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Li Z, Wang W, Kratz K, Küchler J, Xu X, Zou J, Deng Z, Sun X, Gossen M, Ma N, Lendlein A. Influence of surface roughness on neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:355-366. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-168121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Li
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Teltow, Germany
| | - Judit Küchler
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Zou
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zijun Deng
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Xianlei Sun
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Teltow, Germany
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183
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Álvarez-González B, Zhang S, Gómez-González M, Meili R, Firtel RA, Lasheras JC, Del Álamo JC. Two-Layer Elastographic 3-D Traction Force Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39315. [PMID: 28074837 PMCID: PMC5225457 DOI: 10.1038/srep39315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular traction force microscopy (TFM) requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the substratum where the cells adhere to calculate cell-generated forces from measurements of substratum deformation. Polymer-based hydrogels are broadly used for TFM due to their linearly elastic behavior in the range of measured deformations. However, the calculated stresses, particularly their spatial patterns, can be highly sensitive to the substratum's Poisson's ratio. We present two-layer elastographic TFM (2LETFM), a method that allows for simultaneously measuring the Poisson's ratio of the substratum while also determining the cell-generated forces. The new method exploits the analytical solution of the elastostatic equation and deformation measurements from two layers of the substratum. We perform an in silico analysis of 2LETFM concluding that this technique is robust with respect to TFM experimental parameters, and remains accurate even for noisy measurement data. We also provide experimental proof of principle of 2LETFM by simultaneously measuring the stresses exerted by migrating Physarum amoeboae on the surface of polyacrylamide substrata, and the Poisson's ratio of the substrata. The 2LETFM method could be generalized to concurrently determine the mechanical properties and cell-generated forces in more physiologically relevant extracellular environments, opening new possibilities to study cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Álvarez-González
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Ruedi Meili
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Richard A Firtel
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego.,Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego.,Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego
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184
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Kadem LF, Suana KG, Holz M, Wang W, Westerhaus H, Herges R, Selhuber‐Unkel C. High-Frequency Mechanostimulation of Cell Adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:225-229. [PMID: 27900823 PMCID: PMC6680150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is regulated by molecularly defined protein interactions and by mechanical forces, which can activate a dynamic restructuring of adhesion sites. Previous attempts to explore the response of cell adhesion to forces have been limited to applying mechanical stimuli that involve the cytoskeleton. In contrast, we here apply a new, oscillatory type of stimulus through push-pull azobenzenes. Push-pull azobenzenes perform a high-frequency, molecular oscillation upon irradiation with visible light that has frequently been applied in polymer surface relief grating. We here use these oscillations to address single adhesion receptors. The effect of molecular oscillatory forces on cell adhesion has been analyzed using single-cell force spectroscopy and gene expression studies. Our experiments demonstrate a reinforcement of cell adhesion as well as upregulated expression levels of adhesion-associated genes as a result of the nanoscale "tickling" of integrins. This novel type of mechanical stimulus provides a previously unprecedented molecular control of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith F. Kadem
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - K. Grace Suana
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Michelle Holz
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences230031Hefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Hannes Westerhaus
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
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185
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Inertial Microfluidics: Mechanisms and Applications. ADVANCED MECHATRONICS AND MEMS DEVICES II 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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186
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Choi JS, Harley BAC. Marrow-inspired matrix cues rapidly affect early fate decisions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600455. [PMID: 28070554 PMCID: PMC5218514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the physiological process where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously generate the body's complement of blood and immune cells within unique regions of the bone marrow termed niches. Although previous investigations have revealed gradients in cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) content across the marrow, and matrix elasticity and ligand type are believed to be strong regulators of stem cell fate, the impact of biophysical signals on HSC response is poorly understood. Using marrow-inspired ECM ligand-coated polyacrylamide substrates that present defined stiffness and matrix ligand cues, we demonstrate that the interplay between integrin engagement and myosin II activation processes affects the morphology, proliferation, and myeloid lineage specification of primary murine HSCs within 24 hours ex vivo. Notably, the impact of discrete biophysical signals on HSC fate decisions appears to be correlated to known microenvironmental transitions across the marrow. The combination of fibronectin and marrow matrix-associated stiffness was sufficient to maintain hematopoietic progenitor populations, whereas collagen and laminin enhanced proliferation and myeloid differentiation, respectively. Inhibiting myosin II-mediated contraction or adhesion to fibronectin via specific integrins (α5β1 and ανβ3) selectively abrogated the impact of the matrix environment on HSC fate decisions. Together, these findings indicate that adhesive interactions and matrix biophysical properties are critical design considerations in the development of biomaterials to direct HSC behavior in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author.
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187
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Ma Y, Liu J, Luo M, Xing J, Wu J, Pan H, Ruan C, Luo Y. Incorporating isosorbide as the chain extender improves mechanical properties of linear biodegradable polyurethanes as potential bone regeneration materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel linear biodegradable polyurethanes based on poly (d,l-lactic acid) as soft segments and isosorbide as chain extender were exhibited with high molecular weight and appropriate mechanical performances, promising as the scaffold materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
| | - Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
| | - Juan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
| | - Jinchuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration
- Institute Biomedical and Biotechnology
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration
- Institute Biomedical and Biotechnology
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yanfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Bioengineering
- Chongqing University
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188
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Marwan AI, Shabeka U, Dobrinskikh E. Suggested Mechanisms of Tracheal Occlusion Mediated Accelerated Fetal Lung Growth: A Case for Heterogeneous Topological Zones. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:295. [PMID: 29376042 PMCID: PMC5770375 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report an up-to-date summary on tracheal occlusion (TO) as an approach to drive accelerated lung growth and strive to review the different maternal- and fetal-derived local and systemic signals and mechanisms that may play a significant biological role in lung growth and formation of heterogeneous topological zones following TO. Pulmonary hypoplasia is a condition whereby branching morphogenesis and embryonic pulmonary vascular development are globally affected and is classically seen in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. TO is an innovative approach aimed at driving accelerated lung growth in the most severe forms of diaphragmatic hernia and has been shown to result in improved neonatal outcomes. Currently, most research on mechanisms of TO-induced lung growth is focused on mechanical forces and is viewed from the perspective of homogeneous changes within the lung. We suggest that the key principle in understanding changes in fetal lungs after TO is taking into account formation of unique variable topological zones. Following TO, fetal lungs might temporarily look like a dynamically changing topologic mosaic with varying proliferation rates, dissimilar scale of vasculogenesis, diverse patterns of lung tissue damage, variable metabolic landscape, and different structures. The reasons for this dynamic topological mosaic pattern may include distinct degree of increased hydrostatic pressure in different parts of the lung, dissimilar degree of tissue stress/damage and responses to this damage, and incomparable patterns of altered lung zones with variable response to systemic maternal and fetal factors, among others. The local interaction between these factors and their accompanying processes in addition to the potential role of other systemic factors might lead to formation of a common vector of biological response unique to each zone. The study of the interaction between various networks formed after TO (action of mechanical forces, activation of mucosal mast cells, production and secretion of damage-associated molecular pattern substances, low-grade local pulmonary inflammation, and cardiac contraction-induced periodic agitation of lung tissue, among others) will bring us closer to an appreciation of the biological phenomenon of topological heterogeneity within the fetal lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Marwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Uladzimir Shabeka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States
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189
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Ji H, Xi K, Zhang Q, Jia X. Photodegradable hydrogels for external manipulation of cellular microenvironments with real-time monitoring. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A designed hydrogel whose stiffness could not only be controlled but also monitored in situ by fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Kai Xi
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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190
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The Circadian NAD + Metabolism: Impact on Chromatin Remodeling and Aging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3208429. [PMID: 28050554 PMCID: PMC5165141 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3208429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is known to be a stochastic phenomenon. The stochastic gene expression rate is thought to be altered by topological change of chromosome and/or by chromatin modifications such as acetylation and methylation. Changes in mechanical properties of chromosome/chromatin by soluble factors, mechanical stresses from the environment, or metabolites determine cell fate, regulate cellular functions, or maintain cellular homeostasis. Circadian clock, which drives the expression of thousands of genes with 24-hour rhythmicity, has been known to be indispensable for maintaining cellular functions/homeostasis. During the last decade, it has been demonstrated that chromatin also undergoes modifications with 24-hour rhythmicity and facilitates the fine-tuning of circadian gene expression patterns. In this review, we cover data which suggests that chromatin structure changes in a circadian manner and that NAD+ is the key metabolite for circadian chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship among circadian clock, NAD+ metabolism, and aging/age-related diseases. In addition, the interventions of NAD+ metabolism for the prevention and treatment of aging and age-related diseases are also discussed.
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191
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Multiparameter mechanical and morphometric screening of cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37863. [PMID: 27910869 PMCID: PMC5133672 DOI: 10.1038/srep37863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a label-free method to rapidly phenotype and classify cells purely based on physical properties. We extract 15 biophysical parameters from cells as they deform in a microfluidic stretching flow field via high-speed microscopy and apply machine-learning approaches to discriminate different cell types and states. When employing the full 15 dimensional dataset, the technique robustly classifies individual cells based on their pluripotency, with accuracy above 95%. Rheological and morphological properties of cells while deforming were critical for this classification. We also show the application of this method in accurate classifying cells based on their viability, drug screening and detecting populations of malignant cells in mixed samples. We show that some of the extracted parameters are not linearly independent, and in fact we reach maximum classification accuracy by using only a subset of parameters. However, the informative subsets could vary depending on cell types in the sample. This work shows the utility of an assay purely based on intrinsic biophysical properties of cells to identify changes in cell state. In addition to a label-free alternative to flow cytometry in certain applications, this work, also can provide novel intracellular metrics that would not be feasible with labeled approaches (i.e. flow cytometry).
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192
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Kadem LF, Suana KG, Holz M, Wang W, Westerhaus H, Herges R, Selhuber‐Unkel C. High‐Frequency Mechanostimulation of Cell Adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laith F. Kadem
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - K. Grace Suana
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
| | - Michelle Holz
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences 230031 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Hannes Westerhaus
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
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193
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Shimizu T, Osanai Y, Tanaka KF, Abe M, Natsume R, Sakimura K, Ikenaka K. YAP functions as a mechanotransducer in oligodendrocyte morphogenesis and maturation. Glia 2016; 65:360-374. [PMID: 27807898 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that mechanical factors influence various cell properties. Mechanical stimuli can be transduced into intracellular biochemical signals through mechanosensors and intracellular mechanotransducers, such as YAP. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical regulation of OLs by YAP remain unknown. We found that OL morphology and interactions between OLs and neuronal axons were affected by knocking down YAP. Mechanical stretching of OL precursor cells induced nuclear YAP accumulation and assembly of focal adhesion, key platforms for mechanotransduction. Shear stress decreased the number of OL processes, whereas a dominant-negative form of YAP suppressed these effects. To investigate the roles of YAP in postnatal OLs in vivo, we constructed a novel YAP knock-in mouse and found that in vivo overexpression of YAP widely affected OL maturation. These results indicate that YAP regulates OL morphology and maturation in response to mechanical factors. GLIA 2017;65:360-374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimizu
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI, (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Osanai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI, (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI, (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
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194
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Modulation of human multipotent and pluripotent stem cells using surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised bioactive signals: A review. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:31-59. [PMID: 27596488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the interactions of stem cells with synthetic surfaces is proving to be effective and essential for the quality of passaged stem cells and ultimately the success of regenerative medicine. The stem cell niche is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, mimicking the stem cell niche, and here in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), in vitro is an important goal for the expansion of stem cells and their applications. Here, surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised biosignals have been identified as major factors that control stem cell responses. The development of tailored surfaces having an optimum nanotopography and displaying suitable biosignals is proposed to be essential for future stem cell culture, cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. While early research in the field has been restricted by the limited availability of micro- and nanofabrication techniques, new approaches involving the use of advanced fabrication and surface immobilisation methods are starting to emerge. In addition, new cell types such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become available in the last decade, but have not been fully understood. This review summarises significant advances in the area and focuses on the approaches that are aimed at controlling the behavior of human stem cells including maintenance of their self-renewal ability and improvement of their lineage commitment using nanotopographies and biosignals. More specifically, we discuss developments in biointerface science that are an important driving force for new biomedical materials and advances in bioengineering aiming at improving stem cell culture protocols and 3D scaffolds for clinical applications. Cellular responses revolve around the interplay between the surface properties of the cell culture substrate and the biomolecular composition of the cell culture medium. Determination of the precise role played by each factor, as well as the synergistic effects amongst the factors, all of which influence stem cell responses is essential for future developments. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the design of complex material surfaces aimed at being the next generation of tools tailored for applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review focuses on the effect of surface nanotopographies and surface-bound biosignals on human stem cells. Recently, stem cell research attracts much attention especially the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct lineage reprogramming. The fast advance of stem cell research benefits disease treatment and cell therapy. On the other hand, surface property of cell adhered materials has been demonstrated very important for in vitro cell culture and regenerative medicine. Modulation of cell behavior using surfaces is costeffective and more defined. Thus, we summarise the recent progress of modulation of human stem cells using surface science. We believe that this review will capture a broad audience interested in topographical and chemical patterning aimed at understanding complex cellular responses to biomaterials.
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195
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Voss A, McCarthy MB, Hoberman A, Cote MP, Imhoff AB, Mazzocca AD, Beitzel K. Extracellular Matrix of Current Biological Scaffolds Promotes the Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:2381-2392.e1. [PMID: 27353434 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the ability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSC) to differentiate toward bone, fat, cartilage, and tendon lineages when grown on commercially available scaffolds compared with control and native tendon tissue. METHODS BMSCs were cultured and analyzed by fluorescent automated cells sorting for surface markers CD73, -90, and -105. BMSCs were grown on rotator cuff tendon (RCT), decellularized human dermis patch (DDP), bilayer collagen matrix, and fibrin matrix (FM) to test their differentiation potential using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and establish markers for osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and tenogenic lineages. Immunocytochemical testing was used to determine the specific proteins present on the scaffolds. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin gene expression was significantly higher on RCT (P < .001) and collagen scaffold (CS) (P < .001) compared with DDP and FM scaffolds (P < .001, P < .001). When differentiated toward a cartilage lineage, bMSCs grown on CS had significantly more type II collagen and aggrecan compared with DDP (P < .001, P < .001), FM (P < .001, P < .001), and RCT (P < .001, P < .001). Differentiated bMSCs grown on the CS had a significant increase in PPARγ and FABP4 gene expression compared with bMSCs grown on all other scaffolds (all P < .001). The differentiation of bMSCs into tendon on CSs had significantly more tenacin C, decorin, and type III collagen gene expression when compared with RCT, DDP, and FM (all P < .001). Decorin gene expression in the control undifferentiated CS was also significantly increased, suggesting that the matrix alone may promote a tenogenic lineage (P = .637). CONCLUSIONS Differences in the extracellular matrix composition of scaffolds significantly impact their potential to promote differentiation of bMSCs. Comparing the native RCT to the tested scaffolds showed that a high content of type I and III collagen significantly increased the potential of bMSCs to differentiate toward bone, tendon, fat, and cartilage lineages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This in vitro study shows the differences between commercially available scaffolds for rotator cuff repairs. Therefore, these results support clinical use depending on the surgical intention and the potential of bMSCs to differentiate into bone, tendon, cartilage, and fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Voss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mary Beth McCarthy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Hoberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Knut Beitzel
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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196
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Knothe Tate ML, Gunning PW, Sansalone V. Emergence of Form from Function - Mechanical Engineering Approaches to Probe the Role of Stem Cell Mechanoadaptation in Sealing Cell Fate. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 6:85-103. [PMID: 27739911 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1229729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell "mechanomics" refers to the effect of mechanical cues on stem cell and matrix biology, where cell shape and fate are intrinsic manifestations of form and function. Before specialization, the stem cell itself serves as a sensor and actuator; its structure emerges from its local mechanical milieu as the cell adapts over time. Coupling of novel spatiotemporal imaging and computational methods allows for linking of the energy of adaptation to the structure, biology and mechanical function of the cell. Cutting edge imaging methods enable probing of mechanisms by which stem cells' emergent anisotropic architecture and fate commitment occurs. A novel cell-scale model provides a mechanistic framework to describe stem cell growth and remodeling through mechanical feedback; making use of a generalized virtual power principle, the model accounts for the rate of doing work or the rate of using energy to effect the work. This coupled approach provides a basis to elucidate mechanisms underlying the stem cell's innate capacity to adapt to mechanical stimuli as well as the role of mechanoadaptation in lineage commitment. An understanding of stem cell mechanoadaptation is key to deciphering lineage commitment, during prenatal development, postnatal wound healing, and engineering of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Knothe Tate
- a Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- b School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Vittorio Sansalone
- c Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle , MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, France
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197
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Hadjiantoniou SV, Sean D, Ignacio M, Godin M, Slater GW, Pelling AE. Physical confinement signals regulate the organization of stem cells in three dimensions. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20160613. [PMID: 27798278 PMCID: PMC5095220 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the spherical inner cell mass (ICM) proliferates in the confined environment of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the ICM, and mimicking embryogenesis in vitro, mouse ESCs (mESCs) are often cultured in hanging droplets. This promotes the formation of a spheroid as the cells sediment and aggregate owing to increased physical confinement and cell-cell interactions. In contrast, mESCs form two-dimensional monolayers on flat substrates and it remains unclear if the difference in organization is owing to a lack of physical confinement or increased cell-substrate versus cell-cell interactions. Employing microfabricated substrates, we demonstrate that a single geometric degree of physical confinement on a surface can also initiate spherogenesis. Experiment and computation reveal that a balance between cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions finely controls the morphology and organization of mESC aggregates. Physical confinement is thus an important regulatory cue in the three-dimensional organization and morphogenesis of developing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian V Hadjiantoniou
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - David Sean
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Maxime Ignacio
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Site Building, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Gary W Slater
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Institute for Science, University of Ottawa, Society and Policy, Desmarais Building, 55 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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198
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Xiao E, Chen C, Zhang Y. The mechanosensor of mesenchymal stem cells: mechanosensitive channel or cytoskeleton? Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:140. [PMID: 27651019 PMCID: PMC5029093 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells. MSCs and their potential for use in regenerative medicine have been investigated extensively. Recently, the mechanisms by which MSCs detect mechanical stimuli have been described in detail. As in other cell types, both mechanosensitive channels, such as transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), and the cytoskeleton, including actin and actomyosin, have been implicated in mechanosensation in MSCs. This review will focus on discussing the precise role of TRPM7 and the cytoskeleton in mechanosensation in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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199
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Heemskerk I, Warmflash A. Pluripotent stem cells as a model for embryonic patterning: From signaling dynamics to spatial organization in a dish. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:976-90. [PMID: 27404482 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo studies have identified the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in patterning the vertebrate embryo, but much remains unknown about how these are organized in space and time to orchestrate embryogenesis. Recently, embryonic stem cells have been established as a platform for studying spatial pattern formation and differentiation dynamics in the early mammalian embryo. The ease of observing and manipulating stem cell systems promises to fill gaps in our understanding of developmental dynamics and identify aspects that are uniquely human. Developmental Dynamics 245:976-990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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200
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Byun S, Hecht VC, Manalis SR. Characterizing Cellular Biophysical Responses to Stress by Relating Density, Deformability, and Size. Biophys J 2016; 109:1565-73. [PMID: 26488647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular physical properties are important indicators of specific cell states. Although changes in individual biophysical parameters, such as cell size, density, and deformability, during cellular processes have been investigated in great detail, relatively little is known about how they are related. Here, we use a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) to measure single-cell density, volume, and passage time through a narrow constriction of populations of cells subjected to a variety of environmental stresses. Osmotic stress significantly affects density and volume, as previously shown. In contrast to density and volume, the effect of an osmotic challenge on passage time is relatively small. Deformability, as determined by comparing passage times for cells with similar volume, exhibits a strong dependence on osmolarity, indicating that passage time alone does not always provide a meaningful proxy for deformability. Finally, we find that protein synthesis inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, protein kinase inhibition, and cytoskeletal disruption result in unexpected relationships among deformability, density, and volume. Taken together, our results suggest that by measuring multiple biophysical parameters, one can detect unique characteristics that more specifically reflect cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Byun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian C Hecht
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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