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Eagle AL, Gajewski PA, Robison AJ. Role of hippocampal activity-induced transcription in memory consolidation. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:559-73. [PMID: 27180338 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Experience-dependent changes in the strength of connections between neurons in the hippocampus (HPC) are critical for normal learning and memory consolidation, and disruption of this process drives a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Proper HPC function relies upon discrete changes in gene expression driven by transcription factors (TFs) induced by neuronal activity. Here, we describe the induction and function of many of the most well-studied HPC TFs, including cyclic-AMP response element binding protein, serum-response factor, AP-1, and others, and describe their role in the learning process. We also discuss the known target genes of many of these TFs and the purported mechanisms by which they regulate long-term changes in HPC synaptic strength. Moreover, we propose that future research in this field will depend upon unbiased identification of additional gene targets for these activity-dependent TFs and subsequent meta-analyses that identify common genes or pathways regulated by multiple TFs in the HPC during learning or disease.
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152
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Savarese AM, Lasek AW. Transcriptional Regulators as Targets for Alcohol Pharmacotherapies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 248:505-533. [PMID: 29594350 PMCID: PMC6242703 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disease that currently afflicts over 15 million adults in the United States. Despite its prevalence, there are only three FDA-approved medications for AUD treatment, all of which show limited efficacy. Because of their ability to alter expression of a large number of genes, often with great cell-type and brain-region specificity, transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers serve as promising new targets for the development of AUD treatments aimed at the neural circuitry that underlies chronic alcohol abuse. In this chapter, we will discuss transcriptional regulators that can be targeted pharmacologically and have shown some efficacy in attenuating alcohol consumption when targeted. Specifically, the transcription factors cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as the epigenetic enzymes, the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy W. Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago,Corresponding author: 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, IL 60612, Tel: (312) 355-1593,
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Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic basis, its etiology is complex, with several genetic factors likely to be involved as well as environmental factors. Immune dysregulation has gained significant attention as a causal mechanism in ASD pathogenesis. ASD has been associated with immune abnormalities in the brain and periphery, including inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity in not only the affected individuals but also their mothers. Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for ASD. In support of this notion, animal models have shown that MIA results in offspring with behavioral, neurological, and immunological abnormalities similar to those observed in ASD. This raises the question of how MIA exposure can lead to ASD in susceptible individuals. Recent evidence points to a potential inflammation pathway linking MIA-associated ASD with the activity of T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and their effector cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A). IL-17A has been implicated from human studies and elevated IL-17A levels in the blood have been found to correlate with phenotypic severity in a subset of ASD individuals. In MIA model mice, elevated IL-17A levels also have been observed. Additionally, antibody blockade to inhibit IL-17A signaling was found to prevent ASD-like behaviors in offspring exposed to MIA. Therefore, IL-17A dysregulation may play a causal role in the development of ASD. The source of increased IL-17A in the MIA mouse model was attributed to maternal Th17 cells because genetic removal of the transcription factor RORγt to selectively inhibit Th17 differentiation in pregnant mice was able to prevent ASD-like behaviors in the offspring. Similar to ASD individuals, the MIA-exposed offspring also displayed cortical dysplasia which could be prevented by inhibition of IL-17A signaling in pregnant mice. This finding reveals one possible cellular mechanism through which ASD-related cognitive and behavioral deficits may emerge following maternal inflammation. IL-17A can exert strong effects on cell survival and differentiation and the activity of signal transduction cascades, which can have important consequences during cortical development on neural function. This review examines IL-17A signaling pathways in the context of both immunity and neural function that may contribute to the development of ASD associated with MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wong
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Charles Hoeffer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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154
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Park KC, Kim SW, Jeon JY, Jo AR, Choi HJ, Kim J, Lee HG, Kim Y, Mills GB, Noh SH, Lee MG, Park ES, Cheong JH. Survival of Cancer Stem-Like Cells Under Metabolic Stress via CaMK2α-mediated Upregulation of Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1677-1690. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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155
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Jones SV, Kounatidis I. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Alzheimer Disease, Unifying Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors from Cell to Humans. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1805. [PMID: 29312321 PMCID: PMC5732234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, an eversible, progressive disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, language, planning, and behavior. There are a number of risk factors associated with developing AD but the exact cause remains unknown. The predominant theory is that excessive build-up of amyloid protein leads to cell death, brain atrophy, and cognitive and functional decline. However, the amyloid hypothesis has not led to a single successful treatment. The recent failure of Solanezumab, a monoclonal antibody to amyloid, in a large phase III trial was emblematic of the repeated failure of anti-amyloid therapeutics. New disease targets are urgently needed. The innate immune system is increasingly being implicated in the pathology of number of chronic diseases. This focused review will summarize the role of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a key regulator of innate immunity, in the major genetic and environmental risk factors in cellular, invertebrate and vertebrate models of AD. The paper will also explore the relationship between NF-κB and emerging environmental risk factors in an attempt to assess the potential for this transcription factor to be targeted for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vann Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Development and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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156
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Vasu KK, Digwal CS, Pandya AN, Pandya DH, Sharma JA, Patel S, Agarwal M. Imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridines linked with thiazoles/thiophene motif through keto spacer as potential cytotoxic agents and NF-κB inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5463-5466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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157
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Wu J, He Y, Luo Y, Zhang L, Lin H, Liu X, Liu B, Liang C, Zhou Y, Zhou J. MiR-145-5p inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMC through regulating AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3648-3659. [PMID: 29030988 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou; Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Yining Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Bihao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Chunling Liang
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong P.R. China
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158
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Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Wang L, Goh BC, Ahn KS, Bishayee A, Sethi G. Modulation of diverse oncogenic transcription factors by thymoquinone, an essential oil compound isolated from the seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:357-364. [PMID: 29162539 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), isolated almost fifty years ago, is the main bioactive constituent of black seed essential oil extracted from the seed of Nigella sativa. TQ has been shown to have promising effects against a variety of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Cancer development is a multistep process where normal cells acquire qualities that enable the cells to proliferate continuously and migrate to distant sites in the human body. Drugs that interfere with this process are considered potential anti-cancer therapeutics, which may ultimately result in their clinical usage. TQ is once such compound which has been reported to modulate several major signaling pathways and key oncogenic molecules that play a prominent role in cancer initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Various studies have reported that TQ can enhance the anti-cancer potential when co-administered with several chemotherapeutic agents while reducing their toxic side effects. In addition, TQ has been shown to inhibit the growth of breast, prostate, pancreatic, colon, lung, and hematological malignancies in different mouse models of cancer. This review focuses on TQ's chemical and pharmacological properties, its diverse molecular targets and also provides clear evidence on its promising potential under preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 117600, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-gil, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea, South Korea
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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159
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Bonasera SJ, Arikkath J, Boska MD, Chaudoin TR, DeKorver NW, Goulding EH, Hoke TA, Mojtahedzedah V, Reyelts CD, Sajja B, Schenk AK, Tecott LH, Volden TA. Age-related changes in cerebellar and hypothalamic function accompany non-microglial immune gene expression, altered synapse organization, and excitatory amino acid neurotransmission deficits. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2153-2181. [PMID: 27689748 PMCID: PMC5076456 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe age-related molecular and neuronal changes that disrupt mobility or energy balance based on brain region and genetic background. Compared to young mice, aged C57BL/6 mice exhibit marked locomotor (but not energy balance) impairments. In contrast, aged BALB mice exhibit marked energy balance (but not locomotor) impairments. Age-related changes in cerebellar or hypothalamic gene expression accompany these phenotypes. Aging evokes upregulation of immune pattern recognition receptors and cell adhesion molecules. However, these changes do not localize to microglia, the major CNS immunocyte. Consistent with a neuronal role, there is a marked age-related increase in excitatory synapses over the cerebellum and hypothalamus. Functional imaging of these regions is consistent with age-related synaptic impairments. These studies suggest that aging reactivates a developmental program employed during embryogenesis where immune molecules guide synapse formation and pruning. Renewed activity in this program may disrupt excitatory neurotransmission, causing significant behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Monroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michael D Boska
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tammy R Chaudoin
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nicholas W DeKorver
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Evan H Goulding
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Traci A Hoke
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Crystal D Reyelts
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Balasrinivasa Sajja
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - A Katrin Schenk
- Department of Physics, Randolph College, Lynchburg, VA 24503, USA
| | - Laurence H Tecott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tiffany A Volden
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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160
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Assessing disease-modifying effects of norepinephrine in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1702:3-11. [PMID: 29102776 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Building upon the knowledge that a number of important brain circuits undergo significant degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, numerous recent studies suggest that the norepinephrine-ergic system in the brainstem undergoes significant alterations early in the course of both Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Massive projections from locus coeruleus neurons to almost the entire brain, extensive innervation of brain capillaries, and widespread distribution of noradrenergic receptors enable the norepinephrine-ergic system to play a crucial role in neural processes, including cognitive function. These anatomical and functional characteristics support the role of the norepinephrine-ergic system as an important target for developing new therapies for cognitive dysfunction. Careful neuropathological examinations using postmortem samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease have implicated the role of the norepinephrine-ergic system in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, numerous studies have supported the existence of a strong interaction between norepinephrine-ergic and neuroimmune systems. We explore the interaction between the two systems that could play a role in the disease-modifying effects of norepinephrine in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome.
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161
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König HG, Watters O, Kinsella S, Ameen M, Fenner BJ, Prehn JHM. A constitutively-active IKK-complex at the axon initial segment. Brain Res 2017; 1678:356-366. [PMID: 29079505 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies provided evidence for an accumulation of IκB-kinase (IKK) α/β at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment defined by ankyrin-G expression. Here we explored whether the presence of the IKK-complex at the AIS was associated with the activation of IKK signaling at this site. METHODS AND RESULTS Proximity-ligation assays (PLAs) using pan-IKKα/β, phospho-IKKα/β-specific as well as ankyrin-G specific antibodies validated their binding to proximal epitopes in the AIS, while antibodies to other phosphorylated signaling proteins showed no preference for the AIS. Small-hairpin mediated silencing of IKKβ significantly reduced anti-phospho-IKKα/β-immunoreactivities in the AIS. ank3 gene-deficient cerebellar Purkinje cells also exhibited no phosphorylated IKKα/β at the proximal region of their axons. Transient ankyrin-G overexpression in PC12 cells augmented NF-κB transactivation in an ankyrin-G death-domain dependent manner. Finally, small molecule inhibitors of IKK-activity, including Aspirin, inhibited the accumulation of activated IKK proteins in the AIS. CONCLUSION Our data suggest the existence of a constitutively-active IKK signaling complex in the AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg König
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Orla Watters
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mohammed Ameen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Beau J Fenner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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162
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Curcumin Reverses the Diazepam-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Modulation of Oxidative Stress and ERK 1/2/NF- κB Pathway in Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3037876. [PMID: 29098059 PMCID: PMC5643119 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3037876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation can be involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Diazepam (DZP) administration has been chosen to simulate the memory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on spatial cognition, ambulatory activity, and blood and brain oxidative stress levels. The ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, in diazepam-treated rats, were also analyzed. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) + CUR, CMC + DZP, and CUR + CMC + DZP. CUR (150 mg/kg b.w.) was orally administered for 28 days. DZP (2 mg/kg b.w.) was intraperitoneally administered 20 minutes before the behavioral tests (open field test, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze). CUR improved the spontaneous alternation behavior, decreased the oxidative stress levels, both in the blood and in the hippocampus, and downregulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2)/nuclear transcription factor- (NF-) κB/pNF-κB pathway in the hippocampus and the iNOS expression in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of the DZP-treated rats. Histopathologically, no microscopic changes were found. The immunohistochemical signal of iNOS decreased in the DZP and CUR-treated group. Thus, our findings suggest that curcumin administration may improve the cognitive performance and may also have an antioxidant effect.
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163
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NAP1L1 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway acting on anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1759-1768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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164
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Su H, Li Z, Fiati Kenston SS, Shi H, Wang Y, Song X, Gu Y, Barber T, Aldinger J, Zou B, Ding M, Zhao J, Lin X. Joint Toxicity of Different Heavy Metal Mixtures after a Short-Term Oral Repeated-Administration in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1164. [PMID: 28974026 PMCID: PMC5664665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The systemic toxicity of different combinations of heavy metal mixtures (HMMs) was studied according to equivalent proportions of the eight most common detectable heavy metals found in fish consumption in the Ningbo area of China. The ion mass proportions of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Hg were 1070.0, 312.6, 173.1, 82.6, 30.0, 13.3, 6.6, and 1.0, respectively. In this study, 10 experimental groups were set as follows: M8 (Pb + Cd + Hg + Ni + Cu + Zn + Mn + Cr); M5 (Pb + Cd + Hg + Ni + Cr); M4A (Pb + Cd + Hg + Ni); M4B (Cu + Zn + Mn + Cr); M3 (Cu + Zn + Mn); Cr; Cu; Zn; Mn; and control. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were orally treated with a single dose of each group every three days (10 times in total) for 34 days. After Morris water maze test, blood and tissue samples were collected to obtain biochemical, histopathological and western blot analysis. Results show abnormalities could be observed in different treatment groups, the M4B combination had the most significant change compared to all other groups. In conclusion, combination HMMs may have adverse effects on the hematologic, hepatic, renal and neurobehavioral function, and may also disturb electrolyte and lipid balance. Why M4B combination generated much higher toxic effects than any other combination mixtures or individual heavy metal needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tabatha Barber
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Joni Aldinger
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Baobo Zou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Ding
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Xialu Lin
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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165
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Su H, Liao Z, Yuan G, Su J. A plasmid containing CpG ODN as vaccine adjuvant against grass carp reovirus in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86576-86591. [PMID: 29156818 PMCID: PMC5689708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are proved to have strong immune stimulatory activity. Plasmids containing CpG ODNs could be conveniently and low-costly used as vaccine adjuvant. However, they are different among various plasmids, motif repeats, species, etc. In the present study, plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+) containing five repetitions of CpG ODN 1670A named pcDNA3.1-1670A*5 with strong immunostimulation was screened out from twelve recombinant plasmids and three empty vectors by cell proliferation activity, interferon promoter activities and immune related gene expressions in CIK cells. It works through TLR9-mediated signaling pathway, triggering the immune related genes expression. Furthermore, the potentiality of pcDNA3.1-1670A*5 as adjuvant was tested in vivo. pcDNA3.1-1670A*5 was co-inoculated with inactivated GCRV vaccine on grass carp fingerlings. Immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD, IgZ), TLR9, IFNγ2, IFN1, TNF-α, Mx2 and VP4 were examined. Ultimately, pcDNA3.1-1670A*5 significantly enhanced the expressions of IgM in serum, head kidney and spleen, recognition receptor TLR9 as well as antiviral effector molecule Mx2, and inhibited GCRV proliferation in head kidney and spleen tissues. The present study explored the application and mechanism of plasmid containing CpG ODN as high-efficient adjuvant to promote efficiency of vaccine and control disease in grass carp, which will contribute to the development of new type CpG ODN adjuvant in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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166
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Abstract
Astrocytes constitute approximately 30% of the cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). They are integral to brain and spinal-cord physiology and perform many functions important for normal neuronal development, synapse formation, and proper propagation of action potentials. We still know very little, however, about how these functions change in response to immune attack, chronic neurodegenerative disease, or acute trauma. In this review, we summarize recent studies that demonstrate that different initiating CNS injuries can elicit at least two types of "reactive" astrocytes with strikingly different properties, one type being helpful and the other harmful. We will also discuss new methods for purifying and investigating reactive-astrocyte functions and provide an overview of new markers for delineating these different states of reactive astrocytes. The discovery that astrocytes have different types of reactive states has important implications for the development of new therapies for CNS injury and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Liddelow
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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167
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Herbison REH. Lessons in Mind Control: Trends in Research on the Molecular Mechanisms behind Parasite-Host Behavioral Manipulation. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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168
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Haque M, Starr LM, Koski KG, Scott ME. Differential expression of genes in fetal brain as a consequence of maternal protein deficiency and nematode infection. Int J Parasitol 2017; 48:51-58. [PMID: 28903026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal dietary protein deficiency and gastrointestinal nematode infection during early pregnancy have negative impacts on both maternal placental gene expression and fetal growth in the mouse. Here we used next-generation RNA sequencing to test our hypothesis that maternal protein deficiency and/or nematode infection also alter the expression of genes in the developing fetal brain. Outbred pregnant CD1 mice were used in a 2×2 design with two levels of dietary protein (24% versus 6%) and two levels of infection (repeated sham versus Heligmosomoides bakeri beginning at gestation day 5). Pregnant dams were euthanized on gestation day 18 to harvest the whole fetal brain. Four fetal brains from each treatment group were analyzed using RNA Hi-Seq sequencing and the differential expression of genes was determined by the edgeR package using NetworkAnalyst. In response to maternal H. bakeri infection, 96 genes (88 up-regulated and eight down-regulated) were differentially expressed in the fetal brain. Differentially expressed genes were involved in metabolic processes, developmental processes and the immune system according to the PANTHER classification system. Among the important biological functions identified, several up-regulated genes have known neurological functions including neuro-development (Gdf15, Ing4), neural differentiation (miRNA let-7), synaptic plasticity (via suppression of NF-κβ), neuro-inflammation (S100A8, S100A9) and glucose metabolism (Tnnt1, Atf3). However, in response to maternal protein deficiency, brain-specific serine protease (Prss22) was the only up-regulated gene and only one gene (Dynlt1a) responded to the interaction of maternal nematode infection and protein deficiency. In conclusion, maternal exposure to GI nematode infection from day 5 to 18 of pregnancy may influence developmental programming of the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada; Centre for Host Parasite Interactions, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lisa M Starr
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada; Centre for Host Parasite Interactions, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada; Centre for Host Parasite Interactions, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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169
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Golabi S, Zaringhalam J, Manaheji H. The Impact of Synovial NF-κB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:173-182. [PMID: 28781725 PMCID: PMC5535323 DOI: 10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-κB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-κB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-κB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-κB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-κB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-κB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Golabi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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170
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Sevoflurane suppresses microglial M2 polarization. Neurosci Lett 2017; 655:160-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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171
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Uchida S, Shumyatsky GP. Synaptically Localized Transcriptional Regulators in Memory Formation. Neuroscience 2017; 370:4-13. [PMID: 28733211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
At the neuronal cell level, long-term memory formation emerges from interactions between initial activity-dependent molecular changes at the synapse and subsequent regulation of gene transcription in the nucleus. This in turn leads to strengthening of the connections back at the synapse that received the initial signal. However, the mechanisms through which this synapse-to-nucleus molecular exchange occurs remain poorly understood. Here we discuss recent studies that delineate nucleocytoplasmic transport of a special class of synaptically localized transcriptional regulators that upon receiving initial external signal by the synapse move to the nucleus to modulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Uchida
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Gleb P Shumyatsky
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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172
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DeKorver NW, Chaudoin TR, Bonasera SJ. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Is a Regulator of Circadian Active and Inactive State Consolidation in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:219. [PMID: 28769782 PMCID: PMC5510442 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory systems required to maintain behavioral arousal remain incompletely understood. We describe a previously unappreciated role that toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2, a membrane bound pattern recognition receptor that recognizes specific bacterial, viral, and fungal peptides), contributes toward regulation of behavioral arousal. In 4–4.5 month old mice with constitutive loss of Tlr2 function (Tlr2−/− mice), we note a marked consolidation in the circadian pattern of both active and inactive states. Specifically, Tlr2−/− mice demonstrated significantly fewer but longer duration active states during the circadian dark cycle, and significantly fewer but longer duration inactive states during the circadian light cycle. Tlr2−/− mice also consumed less food and water, and moved less during the circadian light cycle. Analysis of circadian rhythms further suggested that Tlr2−/− mice demonstrated less day-to-day variability in feeding, drinking, and movement behaviors. Reevaluation of this same mouse cohort at age 8–8.5 months revealed a clear blunting of these differences. However, Tlr2−/− mice were still noted to have fewer short-duration active states during the circadian dark cycle, and continued to demonstrate significantly less day-to-day variability in feeding, drinking, and movement behaviors. These results suggest that Tlr2 function may have a role in promoting transitions between active and inactive states. Prior studies have demonstrated that Tlr2 regulates sickness behaviors including hypophagia, hyperthermia, and decreased activity. Our work suggests that Tlr2 function also evokes behavioral fragmentation, another aspect of sickness behavior and a clinically significant problem of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W DeKorver
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
| | - Tammy R Chaudoin
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
| | - Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
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173
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Bekhbat M, Rowson SA, Neigh GN. Checks and balances: The glucocorticoid receptor and NFĸB in good times and bad. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 46:15-31. [PMID: 28502781 PMCID: PMC5523465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mutual regulation and balance between the endocrine and immune systems facilitate an organism's stress response and are impaired following chronic stress or prolonged immune activation. Concurrent alterations in stress physiology and immunity are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to several stress-linked neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired balance and crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) - effectors of the stress and immune axes, respectively - may play a key role in mediating the harmful effects of chronic stress on mood and behavior. Here, we first review the molecular mechanisms of GR and NFκB interactions in health, then describe potential shifts in the GR-NFκB dynamics in chronic stress conditions within the context of brain circuitry relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we discuss developmental influences and sex differences in the regulation of these two transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Emory University, Graduate Division of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, United States
| | - Sydney A Rowson
- Emory University, Graduate Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Studies Program, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, United States.
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174
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Abstract
Immune control is associated with nigrostriatal neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease (PD); though its direct cause and effect relationships have not yet been realized and modulating the immune system for therapeutic gain has been openly discussed. While the pathobiology of PD remains in study, neuroinflammation is thought to speed nigrostriatal degeneration. The neuroinflammatory cascade associated with PD begins with aggregation of misfolded or post-translationally modified α-synuclein (α-syn). Such aggregation results in neuronal cell death and the presence of chronically activated glia (microglia and astroglia), leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These changes in the glial phenotype can affect the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment by producing a pro-inflammatory milieu that speeds PD pathogenesis. Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is the most popular drug in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. Several reports have suggested that it possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-epileptic and anti-microbial activities. Mp contain L-DOPA and ursolic acid which has an anti-inflammatory property. There are very few literatures which show the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in PD, several researchers have tried to work on the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in some other diseases. The results of several studies show that Mp modulate the immune components like TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-λ, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-2 in the CNS. It also modulates the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB which plays an important role in the progression of the PD. Thus, by altering these cytokines or transcription factors, Mp protects or prevents the progression of PD. Thus in this review we try to explore the immunomodulatory activity of Mp in PD.
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175
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Touj S, Houle S, Ramla D, Jeffrey-Gauthier R, Hotta H, Bronchti G, Martinoli MG, Piché M. Sympathetic regulation and anterior cingulate cortex volume are altered in a rat model of chronic back pain. Neuroscience 2017; 352:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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176
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Wang TY, Zhou QL, Li M, Shang YX. Shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling by inhibiting the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:169-179. [PMID: 28521243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and has been reported to suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need to be further elucidated. In this study, shikonin (0.5, 2 or 4mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. We found that the pathological airway remodeling of asthmatic mice was alleviated by shikonin, and the infiltrated inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in their lungs were reduced. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the lung of asthmatic mice were suppressed by shikonin. The inactivation of NF-κB by shikonin was at least in part via inhibiting IκBα activation. In vitro, the treatment of shikonin inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and induced a G0/G1 arrest in these cells. In addition, ASMCs exposed to PDGF acquired an enhanced migratory ability, and the activities of MMP9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and expression of MMP9 of these cells were significantly up-regulated. These PDGF-induced alterations were also inhibited by shikonin. The inhibitory effects of shikonin on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs were comparable to pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the present study sheds lights on how shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Lan Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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177
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Benedetti F, Curreli S, Krishnan S, Davinelli S, Cocchi F, Scapagnini G, Gallo RC, Zella D. Anti-inflammatory effects of H 2S during acute bacterial infection: a review. J Transl Med 2017; 15:100. [PMID: 28490346 PMCID: PMC5424385 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), previously only considered a toxic environmental air pollutant, is now increasingly recognized as an important signaling molecule able to modulate several cellular pathways in many human tissues. As demonstrated in recent studies, H2S is produced endogenously in response to different cellular stimuli and plays different roles in controlling a number of physiological responses. The precise role of H2S in inflammation is still largely unknown. In particular, the role of H2S in the regulation of the inflammatory response in acute and chronic infections is being actively investigated because of its potential therapeutic use. To study the effect of H2S as an anti-inflammatory mediator during bacterial infections, we developed an ex vivo model of primary cells and cell lines infected with Mycoplasma. Our data demonstrate a dichotomic effect of H2S on the NF-kB and Nrf-2 molecular pathways, which were inhibited and stimulated, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Sabrina Curreli
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Selvi Krishnan
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Cocchi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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178
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Shivarama Shetty M, Sajikumar S. 'Tagging' along memories in aging: Synaptic tagging and capture mechanisms in the aged hippocampus. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:22-35. [PMID: 28065806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a general decline in the physiological functions of the body with the deteriorating organ systems. Brain is no exception to this and deficits in cognitive functions are quite common in advanced aging. Though a variety of age-related alterations are observed in the structure and function throughout the brain, certain regions show selective vulnerability. Medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, is one such preferentially vulnerable region and is a crucial structure involved in the learning and long-term memory functions. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), are candidate cellular correlates of learning and memory and alterations in these properties have been well documented in aging. A related phenomenon called synaptic tagging and capture (STC) has been proposed as a mechanism for cellular memory consolidation and to account for temporal association of memories. Mounting evidences from behavioral settings suggest that STC could be a physiological phenomenon. In this article, we review the recent data concerning STC and provide a framework for how alterations in STC-related mechanisms could contribute to the age-associated memory impairments. The enormity of impairment in learning and memory functions demands an understanding of age-associated memory deficits at the fundamental level given its impact in the everyday tasks, thereby in the quality of life. Such an understanding is also crucial for designing interventions and preventive measures for successful brain aging.
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179
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Salles A, Krawczyk MDC, Blake M, Romano A, Boccia MM, Freudenthal R. Requirement of NF-kappa B Activation in Different Mice Brain Areas during Long-Term Memory Consolidation in Two Contextual One-Trial Tasks with Opposing Valences. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:104. [PMID: 28439227 PMCID: PMC5383659 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappa B is a transcription factor whose activation has been shown to be necessary for long-term memory consolidation in several species. NF-kappa B is activated and translocates to the nucleus of cells in a specific temporal window during consolidation. Our work focuses on a one trial learning tasks associated to the inhibitory avoidance (IA) setting. Mice were trained either receiving or not a footshock when entering a dark compartment (aversive vs. appetitive learning). Regardless of training condition (appetitive or aversive), latencies to step-through during testing were significantly different to those measured during training. Additionally, these testing latencies were also different from those of a control group that only received a shock unrelated to context. Moreover, nuclear NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity was augmented in the aversive and the appetitive tasks when compared with control and naïve animals. NF-kappa B inhibition by Sulfasalazine injected either in the Hippocampus, Amygdala or Nucleus accumbens immediately after training was able to impair retention in both training versions. Our results suggest that NF-kappa B is a critical molecular step, in different brain areas on memory consolidation. This was the case for both the IA task and also the modified version of the same task where the footshock was omitted during training. This work aims to further investigate how appetitive and aversive memories are consolidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Salles
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Del C Krawczyk
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de los Procesos de Memoria, Cátedra de Farmacología, Fac. Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Blake
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Romano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano M Boccia
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de los Procesos de Memoria, Cátedra de Farmacología, Fac. Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Freudenthal
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
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180
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Alam A, Jaiswal V, Akhtar S, Jayashree BS, Dhar KL. Isolation of isoflavones from Iris kashmiriana Baker as potential anti proliferative agents targeting NF-kappaB. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:70-80. [PMID: 28108024 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is possibly one of the most devastating and complex disease and therefore involves chemotherapy as one of the frontline strategies in its therapy. However, expected toxicity and resistance with chemotherapeutic agents encourage us to use the plant derived natural chemotherapeutic sources at the clinical stage of cancer therapy. In view of this strategy, herein new glycosides and isoflavonoids were isolated from Iris kashmiriana Baker and subjected to structure elucidation followed by their biological evaluation. Isolated compounds and their derivatives were purified by the column chromatography and structural identification was made by a combination of various spectroscopic technique vis. UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2-D NMR and mass spectrometry coupled with chemical analysis. Furthermore, an in silico library of isolated isoflavones and its analogues were designed. NF-kappaB (transcription factor that facilitates angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion and metastasis) was selected as a target to evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity of isoflavones and its analogues. Designed library of isoflavones and analogues were docked into the active site of NF-kappa B and the most active 15 analogues were selected for synthesis. Finally, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against various cell lines and antioxidant activity with different methods that demonstrate their anti-cancer and anti-oxidant potential. The cell cycle specificity of the cytotoxicity was further analyzed by corresponding analysis, using flow cytometer. Most of the compounds exhibit moderate activity, whereas the 5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, 5,7,8-triacetoxyoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and 6,7-diacetoxyoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one showed distinct broad-spectrum anticancer activity with IC50 values ranges between 3.8 and 5.6 μg/mL. Cell cycle analysis indicates that these compounds induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroze Alam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India.
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- LE STUDIUM(®) Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, France; Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - B S Jayashree
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - K L Dhar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India.
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181
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Aberrant neuronal activity-induced signaling and gene expression in a mouse model of RASopathy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006684. [PMID: 28346493 PMCID: PMC5386306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by reduced growth, craniofacial abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and variable cognitive deficits. NS belongs to the RASopathies, genetic conditions linked to mutations in components and regulators of the Ras signaling pathway. Approximately 50% of NS cases are caused by mutations in PTPN11. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in NS patients are still poorly understood. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a new conditional mouse strain that expresses the overactive Ptpn11D61Y allele only in the forebrain. Unlike mice with a global expression of this mutation, this strain is viable and without severe systemic phenotype, but shows lower exploratory activity and reduced memory specificity, which is in line with a causal role of disturbed neuronal Ptpn11 signaling in the development of NS-linked cognitive deficits. To explore the underlying mechanisms we investigated the neuronal activity-regulated Ras signaling in brains and neuronal cultures derived from this model. We observed an altered surface expression and trafficking of synaptic glutamate receptors, which are crucial for hippocampal neuronal plasticity. Furthermore, we show that the neuronal activity-induced ERK signaling, as well as the consecutive regulation of gene expression are strongly perturbed. Microarray-based hippocampal gene expression profiling revealed profound differences in the basal state and upon stimulation of neuronal activity. The neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation was strongly attenuated in Ptpn11D61Y neurons. In silico analysis of functional networks revealed changes in the cellular signaling beyond the dysregulation of Ras/MAPK signaling that is nearly exclusively discussed in the context of NS at present. Importantly, changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR and JAK/STAT signaling were experimentally confirmed. In summary, this study uncovers aberrant neuronal activity-induced signaling and regulation of gene expression in Ptpn11D61Y mice and suggests that these deficits contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive impairments in NS.
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182
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Pereira M. Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Maternal Brain Circuitry. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2017; 2016:23-46. [PMID: 27589496 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parenting recruits a distributed network of brain structures (and neuromodulators) that coordinates caregiving responses attuned to the young's affect, needs, and developmental stage. Many of these structures and connections undergo significant structural and functional plasticity, mediated by the interplay between maternal hormones and social experience while the reciprocal relationship between the mother and her infant forms and develops. These alterations account for the remarkable behavioral plasticity of mothers. This review will examine the molecular and neurobiological modulation and plasticity through which parenting develops and adjusts in new mothers, primarily discussing recent findings in nonhuman animals. A better understanding of how parenting impacts the brain at the molecular, cellular, systems/network, and behavioral levels is likely to significantly contribute to novel strategies for treating postpartum neuropsychiatric disorders in new mothers, and critical for both the mother's physiological and mental health and the development and well-being of her young.
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183
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Yigitturk G, Acara AC, Erbas O, Oltulu F, Yavasoglu NUK, Uysal A, Yavasoglu A. The antioxidant role of agomelatine and gallic acid on oxidative stress in STZ induced type I diabetic rat testes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:240-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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184
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Time-lapse imaging of p65 and IκBα translocation kinetics following Ca 2+-induced neuronal injury reveals biphasic translocation kinetics in surviving neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:148-158. [PMID: 28238890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates neuronal differentiation, plasticity and survival. It is well established that excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate control NF-κB activity. Glutamate receptor overactivation is also involved in ischemic- and seizure-induced neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. However, little is known at the single cell-level how NF-κB signaling relates to neuronal survival during excitotoxic injury. We found that silencing of p65/NF-κB delayed N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic injury in hippocampal neurons, suggesting a functional role of p65 in excitotoxicity. Time-lapse imaging of p65 and its inhibitor IκBα using GFP and Cerulean fusion proteins revealed specific patterns of excitotoxic NF-κB activation. Nuclear translocation of p65 began on average 8±3min following 15min of NMDA treatment and was observed in up to two thirds of hippocampal neurons. Nuclear translocation of IκBα preceded that of p65 suggesting independent translocation processes. In surviving neurons, the onset of p65 nuclear export correlated with mitochondrial membrane potential recovery. Dying neurons exhibited persistent nuclear accumulation of p65-eGFP until plasma membrane permeabilization. Our data demonstrate an important role for p65 activation kinetics in neuronal cell death decisions following excitotoxic injury.
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185
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Tao CC, Hsu WL, Ma YL, Cheng SJ, Lee EH. Epigenetic regulation of HDAC1 SUMOylation as an endogenous neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:597-614. [PMID: 28186506 PMCID: PMC5384022 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) produces neurotoxicity in the brain and causes neuronal death, but the endogenous defense mechanism that is activated on Aβ insult is less well known. Here we found that acute Aβ increases the expression of PIAS1 and Mcl-1 via activation of MAPK/ERK, and Aβ induction of PIAS1 enhances HDAC1 SUMOylation in rat hippocampus. Knockdown of PIAS1 decreases endogenous HDAC1 SUMOylation and blocks Aβ induction of Mcl-1. Sumoylated HDAC1 reduces it association with CREB, increases CREB binding to the Mcl-1 promoter and mediates Aβ induction of Mcl-1 expression. Transduction of SUMO-modified lenti-HDAC1 vector to the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice rescues spatial learning and memory deficit and long-term potentiation impairment in APP/PS1 mice. It also reduces the amount of amyloid plaque and the number of apoptotic cells in CA1 area of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HDAC1 SUMOylation decreases HDAC1 binding to the neprilysin promoter. These results together reveal an important role of HDAC1 SUMOylation as a naturally occurring defense mechanism protecting against Aβ toxicity and provide an alternative therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Chieh Tao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Jhong Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program in Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy Hy Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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186
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The ins and outs of calcium signalling in lactation and involution: Implications for breast cancer treatment. Pharmacol Res 2017; 116:100-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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187
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Amen AM, Ruiz-Garzon CR, Shi J, Subramanian M, Pham DL, Meffert MK. A Rapid Induction Mechanism for Lin28a in Trophic Responses. Mol Cell 2017; 65:490-503.e7. [PMID: 28132840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental cues provoke rapid transitions in gene expression to support growth and cellular plasticity through incompletely understood mechanisms. Lin28 RNA-binding proteins have evolutionarily conserved roles in post-transcriptional coordination of pro-growth gene expression, but signaling pathways allowing trophic stimuli to induce Lin28 have remained uncharacterized. We find that Lin28a protein exhibits rapid basal turnover in neurons and that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent phosphorylation of the RNA-silencing factor HIV TAR-RNA-binding protein (TRBP) promotes binding and stabilization of Lin28a, but not Lin28b, with an accompanying reduction in Lin28-regulated miRNAs, downstream of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Binding of Lin28a to TRBP in vitro is also enhanced by phospho-mimic TRBP. Further, phospho-TRBP recapitulates BDNF-induced neuronal dendritic spine growth in a Lin28a-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate MAPK-dependent TRBP and Lin28a induction, with physiological function in growth and survival, downstream of diverse growth factors in multiple primary cell types, supporting a broad role for this pathway in trophic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Amen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Claudia R Ruiz-Garzon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jay Shi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel L Pham
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mollie K Meffert
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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188
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Thakar S, Wang L, Yu T, Ye M, Onishi K, Scott J, Qi J, Fernandes C, Han X, Yates JR, Berg DK, Zou Y. Evidence for opposing roles of Celsr3 and Vangl2 in glutamatergic synapse formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E610-E618. [PMID: 28057866 PMCID: PMC5278468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612062114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms that choreograph the assembly of the highly asymmetric pre- and postsynaptic structures are still poorly defined. Using synaptosome fractionation, immunostaining, and coimmunoprecipitation, we found that Celsr3 and Vangl2, core components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, are localized at developing glutamatergic synapses and interact with key synaptic proteins. Pyramidal neurons from the hippocampus of Celsr3 knockout mice exhibit loss of ∼50% of glutamatergic synapses, but not inhibitory synapses, in culture. Wnts are known regulators of synapse formation, and our data reveal that Wnt5a inhibits glutamatergic synapses formed via Celsr3. To avoid affecting earlier developmental processes, such as axon guidance, we conditionally knocked out Celsr3 in the hippocampus 1 week after birth. The CA1 neurons that lost Celsr3 also showed a loss of ∼50% of glutamatergic synapses in vivo without affecting the inhibitory synapses assessed by miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) and electron microscopy. These animals displayed deficits in hippocampus-dependent behaviors in adulthood, including spatial learning and memory and fear conditioning. In contrast to Celsr3 conditional knockouts, we found that the conditional knockout of Vangl2 in the hippocampus 1 week after birth led to a large increase in synaptic density, as evaluated by mEPSC frequency and spine density. PCP signaling is mediated by multiple core components with antagonizing functions. Our results document the opposing roles of Celsr3 and Vangl2 in glutamatergic synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Thakar
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Liqing Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ting Yu
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Mao Ye
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Keisuke Onishi
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - John Scott
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jiaxuan Qi
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Catarina Fernandes
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Darwin K Berg
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yimin Zou
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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189
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Vaine CA, Shin D, Liu C, Hendriks WT, Dhakal J, Shin K, Sharma N, Bragg DC. X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism patient cells exhibit altered signaling via nuclear factor-kappa B. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 100:108-118. [PMID: 28017799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of medium spiny neurons within the striatum. An XDP-specific haplotype has been identified, consisting of seven sequence variants which cluster around the human TAF1 gene, but a direct relationship between any of these variants and disease pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. Because the pathogenic gene lesion remains unclear, it has been difficult to predict cellular pathways which are affected in XDP cells. To address that issue, we assayed expression of defined gene sets in XDP vs. control fibroblasts to identify networks of functionally-related transcripts which may be dysregulated in XDP patient cells. That analysis derived a 51-gene signature distinguishing XDP vs. control fibroblasts which mapped strongly to nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor pathway also implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Constitutive and TNFα-evoked NFκB signaling was further evaluated in XDP vs. control fibroblasts based on luciferase reporter activity, DNA binding of NFκB subunits, and endogenous target gene transcription. Compared to control cells, XDP fibroblasts exhibited decreased basal NFκB activity and decreased levels of the active NFκB p50 subunit, but increased target gene expression in response to TNFα. NFκB signaling was further examined in neural stem cells differentiated from XDP and control induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, revealing a similar pattern of increased TNFα responses in the patient lines compared to controls. These data indicate that an NFκB signaling phenotype is present in both patient fibroblasts and neural stem cells, suggesting this pathway as a site of dysfunction in XDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Vaine
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Hendriks
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jyotsna Dhakal
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kyle Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - D Cristopher Bragg
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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190
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Sleeth CM, Weiner JA. Akirin2 is essential for the formation of the cerebral cortex. Neural Dev 2016; 11:21. [PMID: 27871306 PMCID: PMC5117564 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proper spatial and temporal regulation of dorsal telencephalic progenitor behavior is a prerequisite for the formation of the highly-organized, six-layered cerebral cortex. Premature differentiation of cells, disruption of cell cycle timing, excessive apoptosis, and/or incorrect neuronal migration signals can have devastating effects, resulting in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders involving microcephaly and/or lissencephaly. Though genes encoding many key players in cortical development have been identified, our understanding remains incomplete. We show that the gene encoding Akirin2, a small nuclear protein, is expressed in the embryonic telencephalon. Converging evidence indicates that Akirin2 acts as a bridge between transcription factors (including Twist and NF-κB proteins) and the BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling machinery to regulate patterns of gene expression. Constitutive knockout of Akirin2 is early embryonic lethal in mice, while restricted loss in B cells led to disrupted proliferation and cell survival. Methods We generated cortex-restricted Akirin2 knockouts by crossing mice harboring a floxed Akirin2 allele with the Emx1-Cre transgenic line and assessed the resulting embryos using in situ hybridization, EdU labeling, and immunohistochemistry. Results The vast majority of Akirin2 mutants do not survive past birth, and exhibit extreme microcephaly, with little dorsal telencephalic tissue and no recognizable cortex. This is primarily due to massive cell death of early cortical progenitors, which begins at embryonic day (E)10, shortly after Emx1-Cre is active. Immunostaining and cell cycle analysis using EdU labeling indicate that Akirin2-null progenitors fail to proliferate normally, produce fewer neurons, and undergo extensive apoptosis. All of the neurons that are generated in Akirin2 mutants also undergo apoptosis by E12. In situ hybridization for Wnt3a and Wnt-responsive genes suggest defective formation and/or function of the cortical hem in Akirin2 null mice. Furthermore, the apical ventricular surface becomes disrupted, and Sox2-positive progenitors are found to “spill” into the lateral ventricle. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a previously-unsuspected role for Akirin2 in early cortical development and, given its known nuclear roles, suggest that it may act to regulate gene expression patterns critical for early progenitor cell behavior and cortical neuron production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-016-0076-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sleeth
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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191
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Snow WM, Albensi BC. Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:118. [PMID: 27881951 PMCID: PMC5101203 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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192
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Yang D, Zhang W, Padhiar A, Yue Y, Shi Y, Zheng T, Davis K, Zhang Y, Huang M, Li Y, Sha L. NPAS3 Regulates Transcription and Expression of VGF: Implications for Neurogenesis and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:109. [PMID: 27877109 PMCID: PMC5099284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3) and VGF (VGF Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Inducible) are important for neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders. Previously, we have demonstrated that NPAS3 regulates VGF at the transcriptional level. In this study, VGF (non-acronymic) was found regulated by NPAS3 in neuronal stem cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of NPAS3 and VGF, and their roles in neural cell proliferation, in the context of psychiatric illnesses. First, we focused on the structure of NPAS3, to identify the functional domain of NPAS3. Truncated NPAS3 lacking transactivation domain was also found to activate VGF, which suggested that not only transactivation domain but other structural motifs were also involved in the regulation. Second, Mutated enhancer box (E-box) of VGF promoter showed a significant response to this basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which suggested an indirect regulatory mechanism for controlling VGF expression by NPAS3. κB site within VGF promoter was identified for VGF activation induced by NPAS3, apart from direct binding to E-box. Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Over-expression of NPAS3 also enhances the cell proliferation, which can be blocked by knockdown of VGF. Finally, NPAS3 was found to influence proliferation of neural cells through VGF. Therefore, downstream signaling pathways that are responsible for NPAS3-VGF induced proliferation via glutamate receptors were explored. Combining this work and published literature, a potential network composed by NPAS3, NF-κB, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), NGF and VGF, was proposed. This network collectively detailed how NPAS3 connects with VGF and intersected neural cell proliferation, synaptic activity and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Arshad Padhiar
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yao Yue
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Tiezheng Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Kaspar Davis
- Department of Physical Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Li Sha
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
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193
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Tsai KJ, Sze CI, Lin YC, Lin YJ, Hsieh TH, Lin CH. A Single Postnatal Dose of Dexamethasone Enhances Memory of Rat Pups Later in Life. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165752. [PMID: 27798707 PMCID: PMC5087852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal dexamethasone (Dex) therapy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which might be related to its timing of administration. We used time-dated pregnant Wistar albino rats, whose litters were divided into experimental (Dex) and control groups intraperitoneally administered one dose of Dex (0.5 mg/kg) or normal saline (NS), respectively, at either day 1 (P1) or 7 (P7). The magnitude of the contextual freezing response and performance on the Morris water maze were significantly higher in the Dex-P7 group than in those of the other groups at P56. Dendritic spine density, membranous expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2A/2B, and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) were significantly higher in the Dex-P7 group than in the other groups. Furthermore, cytosolic expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) was significantly higher in the Dex group than in NS group. Moreover, Dex administration at P7 increased cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and the survival of newly born neurons in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest Dex at P7 enhances the acquisition of contextual fear and spatial memory later in life due to the modulation of the newly born neurons, increase in dendritic spine number, and NMDAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Her Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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194
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Widera D, Klenke C, Nair D, Heidbreder M, Malkusch S, Sibarita JB, Choquet D, Kaltschmidt B, Heilemann M, Kaltschmidt C. Single-particle tracking uncovers dynamics of glutamate-induced retrograde transport of NF-κB p65 in living neurons. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:041804. [PMID: 27226975 PMCID: PMC4870386 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde transport of NF-κB from the synapse to the nucleus in neurons is mediated by the dynein/dynactin motor complex and can be triggered by synaptic activation. The caliber of axons is highly variable ranging down to 100 nm, aggravating the investigation of transport processes in neurites of living neurons using conventional light microscopy. We quantified for the first time the transport of the NF-κB subunit p65 using high-density single-particle tracking in combination with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins in living mouse hippocampal neurons. We detected an increase of the mean diffusion coefficient ([Formula: see text]) in neurites from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] after stimulation with glutamate. We further observed that the relative amount of retrogradely transported p65 molecules is increased after stimulation. Glutamate treatment resulted in an increase of the mean retrograde velocity from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], whereas a velocity increase from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] was observed for anterogradely transported p65. This study demonstrates for the first time that glutamate stimulation leads to an increased mobility of single NF-κB p65 molecules in neurites of living hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Widera
- University of Bielefeld, Cell Biology, Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
| | - Christin Klenke
- University of Bielefeld, Cell Biology, Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Deepak Nair
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Meike Heidbreder
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Street 7, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
- CNRS UMR 5297, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- University of Bielefeld, Cell Biology, Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- University of Bielefeld, Molecular Neurobiology, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld 33501, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Street 7, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- University of Bielefeld, Cell Biology, Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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195
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Late-Life Environmental Enrichment Induces Acetylation Events and Nuclear Factor κB-Dependent Regulations in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats Showing Improved Plasticity and Learning. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4351-61. [PMID: 27076430 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3239-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging weakens memory functions. Exposing healthy rodents or pathological rodent models to environmental enrichment (EE) housing improves their cognitive functions by changing neuronal levels of excitation, cellular signaling, and plasticity, notably in the hippocampus. At the molecular level, brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents an important player that supports EE-associated changes. EE facilitation of learning was also shown to correlate with chromatin acetylation in the hippocampus. It is not known, however, whether such mechanisms are still into play during aging. In this study, we exposed a cohort of aged rats (18-month-old) to either a 6 month period of EE or standard housing conditions and investigated chromatin acetylation-associated events [histone acetyltranferase activity, gene expression, and histone 3 (H3) acetylation] and epigenetic modulation of the Bdnf gene under rest conditions and during learning. We show that EE leads to upregulation of acetylation-dependent mechanisms in aged rats, whether at rest or following a learning challenge. We found an increased expression of Bdnf through Exon-I-dependent transcription, associated with an enrichment of acetylated H3 at several sites of Bdnf promoter I, more particularly on a proximal nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) site under learning conditions. We further evidenced p65/NF-κB binding to chromatin at promoters of genes important for plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning (e.g., Bdnf, CamK2D). Altogether, our findings demonstrate that aged rats respond to a belated period of EE by increasing hippocampal plasticity, together with activating sustained acetylation-associated mechanisms recruiting NF-κB and promoting related gene transcription. These responses are likely to trigger beneficial effects associated with EE during aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aging weakens memory functions. Optimizing the neuronal circuitry required for normal brain function can be achieved by increasing sensory, motor, and cognitive stimuli resulting from interactions with the environment (behavioral therapy). This can be experimentally modeled by exposing rodents to environmental enrichment (EE), as with large cages, numerous and varied toys, and interaction with other rodents. However, EE effects in aged rodents has been poorly studied, and it is not known whether beneficial mechanisms evidenced in the young adults can still be recruited during aging. Our study shows that aged rats respond to a belated period of EE by activating specific epigenetic and transcriptional signaling that promotes gene expression likely to facilitate plasticity and learning behaviors.
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196
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Hegde AN. Proteolysis, synaptic plasticity and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 138:98-110. [PMID: 27614141 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation has many critical functions in the nervous system such as refinement of synaptic connections during development and synaptic plasticity and memory in the adult organisms. A major cellular machinery of proteolysis is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). The UPP precisely regulates proteolysis by covalently attaching ubiquitin, a small protein, to substrates through sequential enzymatic reactions and the proteins marked with the ubiquitin tag are degraded by complex containing many subunits called the proteasome. Research over the years has shown a role for the UPP in regulating presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins critical for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Studies have also revealed a role for the UPP in various forms of memory. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the function of the UPP in neurons is not homogenous and is subject to local regulation in different neuronal sub-compartments. In both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems, local roles have been found for enzymes that attach ubiquitin to substrate proteins as well as for enzymes that remove ubiquitin from substrates. The proteasome also has disparate functions in different parts of the neuron. In addition to the UPP, proteolysis by the lysosome and autophagy play a role in synaptic plasticity and memory. This review details the functions of proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and summarizes the findings on the connection between proteolysis and memory mainly focusing on the UPP including its local roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok N Hegde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA.
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197
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Hua FZ, Ying J, Zhang J, Wang XF, Hu YH, Liang YP, Liu Q, Xu GH. Naringenin pre-treatment inhibits neuroapoptosis and ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats exposed to isoflurane anesthesia by regulating the PI3/Akt/PTEN signalling pathway and suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1271-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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198
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Parthenolide, an NF-κB Inhibitor Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Behavioural Deficit, Neurotransmitter Imbalance and Neuroinflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:101-112. [PMID: 27553015 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with behavioural and neurochemical alterations. In this manuscript, we are reporting the beneficial effects of parthenolide, an NF-κB inhibitor on behavioural and neurochemical deficits in type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet followed by low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Elevated plus maze, open-field, MWM and passive avoidance test paradigm were used to assess behavioural and cognitive deficits. Three-week treatment of parthenolide (0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg; i.p.) attenuated diabetes-induced alteration in cognitive function in Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Anxiety-like behaviour was also reduced by parthenolide treatment. Moreover, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in cortex and hippocampus of parthenolide-treated rats. Three-week parthenolide treatment also toned down the alteration of GABA and glutamate homoeostasis. Results of this study corroborate the involvement of neuroinflammation in the development of behavioural and neurochemical deficits in diabetic animals and point towards the therapeutic potential of parthenolide in diabetes-induced alteration of learning, memory and anxiety behaviour.
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199
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Shcherbakova DM, Baloban M, Emelyanov AV, Brenowitz M, Guo P, Verkhusha VV. Bright monomeric near-infrared fluorescent proteins as tags and biosensors for multiscale imaging. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12405. [PMID: 27539380 PMCID: PMC4992171 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomeric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand as protein tags and components of biosensors for deep-tissue imaging and multicolour microscopy. We report three bright and spectrally distinct monomeric NIR FPs, termed miRFPs, engineered from bacterial phytochrome, which can be used as easily as GFP-like FPs. miRFPs are 2–5-fold brighter in mammalian cells than other monomeric NIR FPs and perform well in protein fusions, allowing multicolour structured illumination microscopy. miRFPs enable development of several types of NIR biosensors, such as for protein–protein interactions, RNA detection, signalling cascades and cell fate. We demonstrate this by engineering the monomeric fluorescence complementation reporters, the IκBα reporter for NF-κB pathway and the cell cycle biosensor for detection of proliferation status of cells in culture and in animals. miRFPs allow non-invasive visualization and detection of biological processes at different scales, from super-resolution microscopy to in vivo imaging, using the same probes. Near-infrared fluorescent proteins are non-invasive probes for deep tissue imaging, but because of the dimeric state they perform poorly in protein labelling. Here, the authors engineered three spectrally resolvable monomeric near-infrared probes with improved brightness for multiscale imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Mikhail Baloban
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Alexander V Emelyanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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200
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Cui L, Wang D, McGillis S, Kyle M, Zhao LR. Repairing the Brain by SCF+G-CSF Treatment at 6 Months Postexperimental Stroke: Mechanistic Determination of the Causal Link Between Neurovascular Regeneration and Motor Functional Recovery. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/4/1759091416655010. [PMID: 27511907 PMCID: PMC4984318 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416655010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a leading cause of adult disability in the world, is a severe medical condition with limited treatment. Physical therapy, the only treatment available for stroke rehabilitation, appears to be effective within 6 months post-stroke. Here, we have mechanistically determined the efficacy of combined two hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; SCF + G-CSF), in brain repair 6 months after cortical infarct induction in the transgenic mice carrying yellow fluorescent protein in Layer V pyramidal neurons (Thy1-YFP-H). Using a combination of live brain imaging, whole brain imaging, molecular manipulation, synaptic and vascular assessments, and motor function examination, we found that SCF + G-CSF promoted mushroom spine formation, enlarged postsynaptic membrane size, and increased postsynaptic density-95 accumulation and blood vessel density in the peri-infarct cavity cortex; and that SCF + G-CSF treatment improved motor functional recovery. The SCF + G-CSF-enhanced motor functional recovery was dependent on the synaptic and vascular regeneration in the peri-infarct cavity cortex. These data suggest that a stroke-damaged brain is repairable by SCF + G-CSF even 6 months after the lesion occurs. This study provides novel insights into the development of new restorative strategies for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sandra McGillis
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Michele Kyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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