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Influenza A virus causes maternal and fetal pathology via innate and adaptive vascular inflammation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24964-24973. [PMID: 32958663 PMCID: PMC7547222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006905117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and perinatal complications. Here, we show that, during pregnancy, influenza infection leads to viral dissemination into the aorta, resulting in a peripheral “vascular storm” characterized by enhanced inflammatory mediators; the influx of Ly6C monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells; and impaired vascular function. The ensuing vascular storm induced hypoxia in the placenta and fetal brain and caused an increase in circulating cell free fetal DNA and soluble Flt1 release. We demonstrate that vascular dysfunction occurs in response to viral infection during pregnancy, which may explain the high rates of morbidity and mortality in pregnant dams, as well as the downstream perinatal complications associated with influenza infection. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy causes severe maternal and perinatal complications, despite a lack of vertical transmission of IAV across the placenta. Here, we demonstrate a significant alteration in the maternal vascular landscape that underpins the maternal and downstream fetal pathology to IAV infection in mice. In IAV infection of nonpregnant mice, the local lung inflammatory response was contained to the lungs and was self-resolving, whereas in pregnant mice, virus dissemination to major maternal blood vessels, including the aorta, resulted in a peripheral "vascular storm," with elevated proinflammatory and antiviral mediators and the influx of Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh monocytes, plus neutrophils and T cells. This vascular storm was associated with elevated levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM and the pattern-recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in the vascular wall, resulting in profound vascular dysfunction. The sequalae of this IAV-driven vascular storm included placental growth retardation and intrauterine growth restriction, evidence of placental and fetal brain hypoxia, and increased circulating cell free fetal DNA and soluble Flt1. In contrast, IAV infection in nonpregnant mice caused no obvious alterations in endothelial function or vascular inflammation. Therefore, IAV infection during pregnancy drives a significant systemic vascular alteration in pregnant dams, which likely suppresses critical blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This study in mice provides a fundamental mechanistic insight and a paradigm into how an immune response to a respiratory virus, such as IAV, is likely to specifically drive maternal and fetal pathologies during pregnancy.
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152
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An Iatrogenic Model of Brain Small-Vessel Disease: Post-Radiation Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186506. [PMID: 32899565 PMCID: PMC7555594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 114 primitive cerebral neoplasia, that were surgically treated, and underwent radiotherapy (RT), and compared their results to those obtained by 190 patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). Patients with any form of primitive cerebral neoplasia underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. All the tumor patients had regional field partial brain RT, which encompassed each tumor, with an average margin of 2.6 cm from the initial target tumor volume. We observed in our patients who have been exposed to a higher dose of RT (30–65 Gy) a cognitive and behavior decline similar to that observed in sVAD, with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, apathy, and gait alterations, but with a more rapid onset and with an overwhelming effect. Multiple mechanisms are likely to be involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. The active site of RT brain damage is the white matter areas, particularly the internal capsule, basal ganglia, caudate, hippocampus, and subventricular zone. In all cases, radiation damage inside the brain mainly focuses on the cortical–subcortical frontal loops, which integrate and process the flow of information from the cortical areas, where executive functions are “elaborated” and prepared, towards the thalamus, subthalamus, and cerebellum, where they are continuously refined and executed. The active mechanisms that RT drives are similar to those observed in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), leading to sVAD. The RT’s primary targets, outside the tumor mass, are the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the small vessels, and putative mechanisms that can be taken into account are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, strongly associated with the alteration of NMDA receptor subunit composition.
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153
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Almenara CCP, Oliveira TF, Padilha AS. The Role of Antioxidants in the Prevention of Cadmium-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3667-3675. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200415172338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cadmium is a worldwide spread toxicant that accumulates in tissues and affects many
organs, mainly through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is often associated with cardiovascular diseases and,
when it affects vessels, it induces endothelial dysfunction, which, in turn, could precipitate atherosclerosis and
hypertension. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest antioxidant supplementation as a therapy against cadmiuminduced
endothelial dysfunction.
Objective:
This literature review aims to present the mechanisms involving oxidative stress in which cadmium
induces endothelial dysfunction and the benefits of antioxidant supplementation as a therapeutic strategy against
its harmful effects.
Methods:
On PubMed Central, articles that contemplated studies on cadmium intoxication and associated oxidative
stress with endothelial dysfunction as well as articles that reported the use of antioxidant supplementation in
an attempt to prevent or avoid endothelial dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure were selected.
Results:
Most of the studies that associated cadmium intoxication with endothelial dysfunction suggested oxidative
stress as the major mechanism for this damage. Furthermore, experimental studies also revealed that the
administration of substances with antioxidant properties, such as ascorbic acid and curcumin, has beneficial effects
on the prevention of such dysfunction, reducing reactive oxygen species within the vessels, preventing a
reduction in the amount of glutathione and the increase in blood pressure observed in animals exposed to cadmium.
Conclusion:
Antioxidant therapy demonstrated to be a potential treatment to reduce cardiovascular injuries provoked
by cadmium, but more studies are needed to determine the best antioxidant substance and dose to treat or
avoid this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cruz Pereira Almenara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Thiago F. Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755 - Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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154
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Cao L, Zhu MY, Nie XW, Huang DJ, Sun MT, Bian JS. Role of nitroxyl (HNO) in cardiovascular system: From biochemistry to pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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155
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Pourgholi L, Pourgholi F, Ziaee S, Goodarzynejad H, Hosseindokht M, Boroumand M, Mandegary A. The association between CYBA gene C242T variant and risk of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13275. [PMID: 32406080 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The C242T polymorphism (rs4673) in the CYBA gene, as the main components of NAD (P) H oxidase, causes inter-individual variability in the enzyme activity. We aimed to investigate the association between this polymorphism with MetS and its components. METHODS Two hundred nine patients with MetS and 232 controls were included in this study. MetS was defined based on NCEP ATP-III A criteria with some modifications. The C242T polymorphism within CYBA gene was determined by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS After applying a multiple logistic regression model with adjusting for potential confounders of MetS including, age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, used medications, and diabetes mellitus, C242T polymorphism was found to be associated with the presence of MetS in men but not in the total population or in women. T allele as compared to C allele was associated with decreased odds of MetS in men (adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24-0.74; P = .003), but not in women (adjusted OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07-1.61; P = .890), or in the total population (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51-1.02; P = .063). CONCLUSION This study shows that T allele of C242T polymorphism in CYBA gene is protective against MetS in Iranian men but not in women. Further cohort studies with larger sample size in subgroups of men and women are required to confirm such association in other racial or ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Pourgholi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shayan Ziaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseindokht
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Boroumand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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156
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Vong LB, Nagasaki Y. Nitric Oxide Nano-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapeutics: Advances and Challenges. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E791. [PMID: 32858970 PMCID: PMC7555477 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in various physiological and pathological functions and processes in the human body. Therapeutic application of NO molecules has been investigated in various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infections. However, the extremely short half-life of NO, which limits its clinical use considerably, along with non-specific distribution, has resulted in a low therapeutic index and undesired adverse effects. To overcome the drawbacks of using this gaseous signaling molecule, researchers in the last several decades have focused on innovative medical technologies, specifically nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), because these systems alter the biodistribution of the therapeutic agent through controlled release at the target tissues, resulting in a significant therapeutic drug effect. Thus, the application of nano-systems for NO delivery in the field of biomedicine, particularly in the development of new drugs for cancer treatment, has been increasing worldwide. In this review, we discuss NO delivery nanoparticle systems, with the aim of improving drug delivery development for conventional chemotherapies and controlling multidrug resistance in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Binh Vong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Master’s School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRiED), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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157
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Cai X, Yang C, Shao L, Zhu H, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang S, Hong L. Targeting NOX 4 by petunidin improves anoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardium injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173414. [PMID: 32828742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the key factor of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Anthocyanins are considered to be effective anti-oxidants. In this study, we observed the anti-MIRI effect of petunidin, one member of anthocyanins, and further explored its mechanism. In present study, anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models were replicated on Langendorff-perfused heart and neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes by A/R treatment. The hemodynamic parameters of isolated hearts were monitored. The levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in isolated heart and neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes were evaluated. The expression levels of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX 2), NOX 4, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and cytochrome c were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that petunidin could significantly improve isolated heart function, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, up-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression, down-regulate NOX4 and Bax expression, and reduce the level of cytoplasmic cytochrome c after A/R. However, it has no significant effect on NOX 2 protein expression, suggesting that NOX 4 may be the molecular target of petunidin. In vitro, petunidin had shown a consistent effect with that in isolated hearts. It also showed a significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the protective effects of petunidin on A/R injury were attenuated by over-expression of NOX 4 in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes. These data suggested that the protective effects of petunidin on MIRI may be achieved through targeting NOX 4, thus inhibiting the production of ROS, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the Bcl-2 pathway to prevent cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinYong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - HongMin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - YunXia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Lang Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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158
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Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential of the Redox Siblings, Nitric Oxide (NO•) and Nitroxyl (HNO), in the Setting of Reactive Oxygen Species Dysregulation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 264:311-337. [PMID: 32813078 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dysregulation is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, characterised by an imbalance in the synthesis and removal of ROS. ROS such as superoxide (•O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (OH•) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) have a marked impact on cardiovascular function, contributing to the vascular impairment and cardiac dysfunction associated with diseases such as angina, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure. Central to the vascular dysfunction is a reduction in bioavailability and/or physiological effects of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO•), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation and vascular remodelling. In a cardiac context, increased ROS generation can also lead to modification of key proteins involved in cardiac contractility. Whilst playing a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, ROS dysregulation also limits the clinical efficacy of current therapies, such as nitrosovasodilators. As such, alternate therapies are sought. This review will discuss the impact of ROS dysregulation on the therapeutic utility of NO• and its redox sibling, nitroxyl (HNO). Both nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) donors signal through soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). NO binds to the Fe(II) form of sGC and nitroxyl possibly to both sGC heme and thiol groups. In the vasculature, nitroxyl can also signal through voltage-dependent (Kv) and ATP-sensitive (KATP) K+ channels as well as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In the heart, HNO directly targets critical thiols to increase myocardial contractility, an effect not seen with NO. The qualitative effects via elevation of cGMP are similar, i.e. lusitropic in the heart and inhibitory on vasoconstriction, inflammation, aggregation and vascular remodelling. Of pathophysiological significance is the fact the efficacy of NO donors is impaired by ROS, e.g. through chemical scavenging of NO, to generate reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), whilst nitroxyl is apparently not.
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159
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Ohata H, Shiokawa D, Obata Y, Sato A, Sakai H, Fukami M, Hara W, Taniguchi H, Ono M, Nakagama H, Okamoto K. NOX1-Dependent mTORC1 Activation via S100A9 Oxidation in Cancer Stem-like Cells Leads to Colon Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1282-1295.e8. [PMID: 31365870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with the refractory nature of cancer, and elucidating the targetable pathways for CSCs is crucial for devising innovative antitumor therapies. We find that the proliferation of CSC-enriched colon spheroids from clinical specimen is dependent on mTORC1 kinase, which is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NOX1, an NADPH oxidase. In the spheroid-derived xenograft tumors, NOX1 is preferentially expressed in LGR5-positive cells. Dependence on NOX1 expression or mTOR kinase activity is corroborated in the xenograft tumors and mouse colon cancer-derived organoids. NOX1 co-localizes with mTORC1 in VPS41-/VPS39-positive lysosomes, where mTORC1 binds to S100A9, a member of S100 calcium binding proteins, in a NOX1-produced ROS-dependent manner. S100A9 is oxidized by NOX1-produced ROS, which facilitates binding to mTORC1 and its activation. We propose that NOX1-dependent mTORC1 activation via S100A9 oxidation in VPS41-/VPS39-positive lysosomes is crucial for colon CSC proliferation and colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mayu Fukami
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Wakako Hara
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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160
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Wang W, An LP, Li YF, An R, Bian Z, Liu WZ, Song QH, Li AY. Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates H 2O 2-induced human vein endothelial cells injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2253-2263. [PMID: 32787513 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1802221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to explore its possible mechanisms. We established the H2O2-induced HUVECs injury model and the ALA treatment groups in which HUVECs were co-incubated with H2O2 (250 μmol/L) and different final concentrations of ALA (100,200,400 μmol/L) for 48 h. Cell survival rate assay and LDH activity assay were carried out. The levels of related proteins were performed by Western Blot. We observed that H2O2 administration resulted in an increase in the LDH activity and a decrease in cell survival rate. The expression levels of Nox4, Bax, NF-κB p65, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, iNOS, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were up-regulated, while the expression level of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. All these factors were significantly improved by ALA treatment. In brief, ALA treatment ameliorates H2O2-induced HUVECs damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Li-Ping An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ran An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Zhe Bian
- Experiment Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qiu-Hang Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine , Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation , Shijiazhuang, PR China
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161
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Hou L, Zhang L, Hong JS, Zhang D, Zhao J, Wang Q. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:374-393. [PMID: 31968994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases significantly impacts the individuals who suffer from these disorders and is a major health concern globally. Although the specific mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases are still far from being acknowledged, it is becoming clear that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are critical contributing factors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Thus, it is conceivable that the inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may represent promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent Advances: Recently, the strategy for neurodegenerative disease therapy has shifted from the use of antioxidants and conventional anti-inflammatory targets to upstream mediators due to the failure of most antioxidants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical trials. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs), a family of superoxide-producing enzyme complexes, have been identified as an upstream factor that controls both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Genetic inactivation or pharmacological inhibition of NOX enzymes displays potent neuroprotective effects in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disease models. Critical Issues: The detailed mechanisms of how NOX enzymes regulate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation still remain unclear. Moreover, the currently available inhibitors of NOX enzymes exhibit nonspecificity, off-target effects, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties, and even high toxicity, markedly limiting their potential clinical applications. Future Directions: This review provides novel insights into the roles of NOXs in neurodegenerative pharmacology, and indicates the types of NOX enzyme inhibitors that should be identified and developed as candidates for future applications, which might reveal novel neurodegenerative disease therapies based on NOXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functions, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Azarova IE, Klyosova EY, Kolomoets II, Azarova VA, Ivakin VE, Konoplya AI, Polonikov AV. Polymorphisms of the Gene Encoding Cytochrome b-245 Beta Chain of NADPH Oxidase: Relationship with Redox Homeostasis Markers and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420070017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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163
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a modification after protein transcription that plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cellular environment. The Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) family E3 ubiquitin ligases are a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligases with a C-terminal HECT domain that mediates the binding of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and a variable-length N-terminal extension. HECT-ubiquitinated ligases can be divided into three categories: NEDD4 superfamily, HERC superfamily, and other HECT superfamilies. HECT ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the development of many human diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathological processes involved in oxidative stress and the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase of the HECT family.
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164
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Yang YZ, Liu ZH, Wang SC, Zhang XQ, Xu HJ, Yang L, Kong LD. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate alleviates fructose-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammatory injury through suppressing NOXs. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173314. [PMID: 32619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake is a risk factor for liver oxidative stress injury. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate as a hepatoprotective agent is used to treat liver diseases in clinic. However, its antioxidant effects and the underlying potential mechanisms are still not clearly understood. In this study, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate was found to alleviate liver oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in fructose-fed rats. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate suppressed hepatic reactive oxygen species overproduction (0.97 ± 0.04 a.u. versus 1.34 ± 0.07 a.u.) in fructose-fed rats by down-regulating mRNA and protein levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX2 and NOX4, resulting in reduction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels (1.13 ± 0.09 a.u. versus 1.97 ± 0.12 a.u.). Similarly, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate reduced reactive oxygen species overproduction (1.07 ± 0.02 a.u. versus 1.35 ± 0.06 a.u.) and IL-1β levels (1.14 ± 0.09 a.u. versus 1.66 ± 0.07 a.u.) in fructose-exposed HepG2 cells. Furthermore, data from treatment of reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NOXs inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium in fructose-exposed HepG2 cells showed that fructose enhanced NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 expression to increase reactive oxygen species generation, causing oxidative stress and inflammation, more importantly, these disturbances were significantly attenuated by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate. The molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects suggest that magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate may inhibit NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 expression to reduce reactive oxygen species generation, subsequently prevent liver oxidative stress injury under high fructose condition. Thus, the blockade of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 expression by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate may be the potential therapeutic approach for improving fructose-induced liver injury in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shan-Chun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hong-Jiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Targeted Antiviral Research, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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165
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Narayanan D, Ma S, Özcelik D. Targeting the Redox Landscape in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071706. [PMID: 32605023 PMCID: PMC7407119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced predominantly by the mitochondrial electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases in peroxisomes and in the endoplasmic reticulum. The antioxidative defense counters overproduction of ROS with detoxifying enzymes and molecular scavengers, for instance, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, in order to restore redox homeostasis. Mutations in the redox landscape can induce carcinogenesis, whereas increased ROS production can perpetuate cancer development. Moreover, cancer cells can increase production of antioxidants, leading to resistance against chemo- or radiotherapy. Research has been developing pharmaceuticals to target the redox landscape in cancer. For instance, inhibition of key players in the redox landscape aims to modulate ROS production in order to prevent tumor development or to sensitize cancer cells in radiotherapy. Besides the redox landscape of a single cell, alternative strategies take aim at the multi-cellular level. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are crucial for the development of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and hence are explored as target and as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current pharmaceutical and experimental interventions of the cancer redox landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Sana Ma
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dennis Özcelik
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
- current address: Chemistry | Biology | Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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166
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Signorelli SS, Marino E, Scuto S, Di Raimondo D. Pathophysiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): A Review on Oxidative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124393. [PMID: 32575692 PMCID: PMC7352779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that affects a wide range of the world’s population, reaching up to 200 million individuals worldwide. PAD particularly affects elderly individuals (>65 years old). PAD is often underdiagnosed or underestimated, although specificity in diagnosis is shown by an ankle/brachial approach, and the high cardiovascular event risk that affected the PAD patients. A number of pathophysiologic pathways operate in chronic arterial ischemia of lower limbs, giving the possibility to improve therapeutic strategies and the outcome of patients. This review aims to provide a well detailed description of such fundamental issues as physical exercise, biochemistry of physical exercise, skeletal muscle in PAD, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in PAD, and antioxidants in PAD. These issues are closely related to the oxidative stress in PAD. We want to draw attention to the pathophysiologic pathways that are considered to be beneficial in order to achieve more effective options to treat PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-5378-2545
| | - Elisa Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Scuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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167
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Peng R, Luo M, Tian R, Lu N. Dietary nitrate attenuated endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet: A critical role for NADPH oxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108453. [PMID: 32524996 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and NADPH oxidase plays key roles in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Recent evidence demonstrates that nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in vivo exerts beneficial effects upon the cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. It was shown that dietary nitrate significantly attenuated aortic endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that dietary nitrate significantly improved plasma nitrate/nitrite, inhibited vascular NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice, while xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression and activity was enhanced in ApoE-/- mice in comparison with wide type animals. These beneficial effects of nitrate in ApoE-/- mice were abolished by PTIO (NO scavenger) and significantly prevented by febuxostat (XOR inhibitor). In the presence of nitrate, no further effect of apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) was observed, suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In vitro, NO donor significantly inhibited NADPH oxidase activity in vascular endothelial cells via the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Altogether, boosting this nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling pathway resulted in the decreases of vascular NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and consequently protected ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis. These findings may have novel nutritional implications for the preventive and therapeutic strategies against vascular endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengjuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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168
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de Faria CC, Fortunato RS. The role of dual oxidases in physiology and cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190096. [PMID: 32453337 PMCID: PMC7265977 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685/gmb-2019-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
NOX/DUOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins that carry electrons through biological membranes generating reactive oxygen species. The NOX family is composed of seven members, which are NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 and 2. DUOX enzymes were initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high expression level in the thyroid tissue. However, DUOX expression has been documented in several extrathyroid tissues, mostly at the apical membrane of the salivary glands, the airways, and the intestinal tract, revealing additional cellular functions associated with DUOX-related H2O2 generation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding DUOX structure and physiological functions, as well as their possible role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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169
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Velagic A, Qin C, Woodman OL, Horowitz JD, Ritchie RH, Kemp-Harper BK. Nitroxyl: A Novel Strategy to Circumvent Diabetes Associated Impairments in Nitric Oxide Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32508651 PMCID: PMC7248192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased mortality risk due to cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress underlies these complications, leading to an impairment in endogenous nitric oxide (NO•) generation, together with reductions in NO• bioavailability and NO• responsiveness in the vasculature, platelets and myocardium. The latter impairment of responsiveness to NO•, termed NO• resistance, compromises the ability of traditional NO•-based therapeutics to improve hemodynamic status during diabetes-associated cardiovascular emergencies, such as acute myocardial infarction. Whilst a number of agents can ameliorate (e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, perhexiline, statins and insulin) or circumvent (e.g. nitrite and sGC activators) NO• resistance, nitroxyl (HNO) donors offer a novel opportunity to circumvent NO• resistance in diabetes. With a suite of vasoprotective properties and an ability to enhance cardiac inotropic and lusitropic responses, coupled with preserved efficacy in the setting of oxidative stress, HNO donors have intact therapeutic potential in the face of diminished NO• signaling. This review explores the major mechanisms by which hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress drives NO• resistance, and the therapeutic potential of HNO donors to circumvent this to treat cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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170
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Ekin S, Yildiz H, Alp HH. NOX4, MDA, IMA and oxidative DNA damage: can these parameters be used to estimate the presence and severity of OSA? Sleep Breath 2020; 25:529-536. [PMID: 32399699 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) involves recurrent obstructive apnoeas and hypopnoeas which cause cyclic hypoxia, reoxygenation and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We aimed to investigate a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes, specifically (NOX4), not previously studied in humans, as well as 8-OHdG/106dG, MDA and IMA, which are known to be associated with oxidative stress. We also evaluated these parameters in predicting the presence and severity of OSA. METHODS All 120 subjects (90 with OSA, 30 healthy controls) underwent polysomnography and had blood serum samples taken at the same time of day. Subjects were grouped by presence and severity of OSA, and serum markers were compared among groups. RESULTS Age and body mass index were not significantly different among groups. In the OSA group, the levels of NOX4, IMA, MDA and 8-OHdG/106dG were significantly higher than in the healthy control group. NOX4 and other parameters were positively correlated with the severity of OSA. For all parameters, the highest levels were detected in patients with severe OSA. CONCLUSIONS The repeated hypoxia of OSA is associated with increases in the serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as MDA, IMA and 8-OHdG/106dG and the ROS NOX4. In this study, NOX4 and other markers were associated with the presence and severity of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Ekin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Tuşba, Van, Turkey.
| | - Hanifi Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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171
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Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 protein protects against anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:712-721. [PMID: 31625976 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are a major health burden. Angiotensin II, via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated brain oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to these emotional abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the role of a regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which regulates AT1R activity, in angiotensin II-induced brain oxidative stress, inflammation and anxiety-, and depression-like behavior. We hypothesized that deletion of the RGS5 protein would worsen angiotensin II-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, cerebral vascular oxidative stress, and brain inflammation. Adult male wild-type and RGS5-deficient mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering either vehicle (saline) or angiotensin II (1 mg/kg/d) for three weeks. Subsequently, mice were tested for locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior (using the elevated plus maze), and depression-like behavior (using the tail suspension test). After behavioral testing, brain tissue was collected to assess oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins. RGS5 deletion resulted in anxiety-like but not depression-like behavior when compared to wild-type mice. Combined deletion of RGS5 and angiotensin II treatment did not further worsen anxiety-like behavior observed in RGS5-deficient mice. In contrast, depression-like behavior was worsened in RGS5-deficient mice treated with angiotensin II. Interestingly, RGS5 deficiency and angiotensin II treatment had no effect on cerebral vascular oxidative stress, or on expression of the inflammatory marker vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the brain. RGS5 deficiency was also associated with decreased blood pressure and an enhanced pressor response to angiotensin II. These data suggest that RGS5 protects against anxiety-like behavior and against angiotensin II-induced depression-like behavior.
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172
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Erlich JR, To EE, Liong S, Brooks R, Vlahos R, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Selemidis S. Targeting Evolutionary Conserved Oxidative Stress and Immunometabolic Pathways for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:993-1013. [PMID: 32008371 PMCID: PMC7426980 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Up until recently, metabolism has scarcely been referenced in terms of immunology. However, emerging evidence has shown that immune cells undergo an adaptation of metabolic processes, known as the metabolic switch. This switch is key to the activation, and sustained inflammatory phenotype in immune cells, which includes the production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that underpin infectious diseases, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, as well as cancer. Recent Advances: There is a burgeoning body of evidence that immunometabolism and redox biology drive infectious diseases. For example, influenza A virus (IAV) utilizes endogenous ROS production via NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-containing NOXs and mitochondria to circumvent antiviral responses. These evolutionary conserved processes are promoted by glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that drive inflammation. Such metabolic products involve succinate, which stimulates inflammation through ROS-dependent stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, promoting interleukin-1β production by the inflammasome. In addition, itaconate has recently gained significant attention for its role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolite of the TCA cycle. Critical Issues: The molecular mechanisms by which immunometabolism and ROS promote viral and bacterial pathology are largely unknown. This review will provide an overview of the current paradigms with an emphasis on the roles of immunometabolism and ROS in the context of IAV infection and secondary complications due to bacterial infection such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Future Directions: Molecular targets based on metabolic cell processes and ROS generation may provide novel and effective therapeutic strategies for IAV and associated bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Erlich
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Eunice E. To
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Stella Liong
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Robert Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - John J. O'Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug A. Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Address correspondence to: Prof. Stavros Selemidis, Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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173
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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174
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Beyond bacterial killing: NADPH oxidase 2 is an immunomodulator. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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175
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To EE, O'Leary JJ, O'Neill LAJ, Vlahos R, Bozinovski S, Porter CJH, Brooks RD, Brooks DA, Selemidis S. Spatial Properties of Reactive Oxygen Species Govern Pathogen-Specific Immune System Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:982-992. [PMID: 32008365 PMCID: PMC7426979 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often considered to be undesirable toxic molecules that are generated under conditions of cellular stress, which can cause damage to critical macromolecules such as DNA. However, ROS can also contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and many other chronic inflammatory disease conditions, including atherosclerosis, metabolic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurodegenerative disease, and autoimmune disease. Recent Advances: The field of ROS biology is expanding, with an emerging paradigm that these reactive species are not generated haphazardly, but instead produced in localized regions or in specific subcellular compartments, and this has important consequences for immune system function. Currently, there is evidence for ROS generation in extracellular spaces, in endosomal compartments, and within mitochondria. Intriguingly, the specific location of ROS production appears to be influenced by the type of invading pathogen (i.e., bacteria, virus, or fungus), the size of the invading pathogen, as well as the expression/subcellular action of pattern recognition receptors and their downstream signaling networks, which sense the presence of these invading pathogens. Critical Issues: ROS are deliberately generated by the immune system, using specific NADPH oxidases that are critically important for pathogen clearance. Professional phagocytic cells can sense a foreign bacterium, initiate phagocytosis, and then within the confines of the phagosome, deliver bursts of ROS to these pathogens. The importance of confining ROS to this specific location is the impetus for this perspective. Future Directions: There are specific knowledge gaps on the fate of the ROS generated by NADPH oxidases/mitochondria, how these ROS are confined to specific locations, as well as the identity of ROS-sensitive targets and how they regulate cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E To
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Discipline of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,CERVIVA Research Consortium, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.,Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Discipline of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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176
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Wiciński M, Domanowska A, Wódkiewicz E, Malinowski B. Neuroprotective Properties of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives-Influence on Potential Mechanisms Leading to the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082749. [PMID: 32326620 PMCID: PMC7215333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective Alzheimer's disease treatment is becoming a challenge for researchers and prompts numerous attempts to search for and develop better therapeutic solutions. Compounds that affect several routes of the neurodegeneration cascade leading to the development of disease are of particular interest. An example of such substances is resveratrol and its synthetic and natural derivatives, which have gained popularity in recent years and show promise as a possible new therapeutic option in the approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment. In this article, the state of the art evidence on the role of resveratrol (RSV) in neuroprotection is presented; research results are summarized and the importance of resveratrol and its derivatives in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are underlined. It also focuses on various modifications of the resveratrol molecule that should be taken into account in the design of future research on drugs against Alzheimer's disease.
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177
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Pintard C, Ben Khemis M, Liu D, Dang PMC, Hurtado-Nedelec M, El-Benna J. Apocynin prevents GM-CSF-induced-ERK1/2 activation and -neutrophil survival independently of its inhibitory effect on the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113950. [PMID: 32251677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells in innate immunity and inflammation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to enhance many neutrophil functions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation and cell survival via the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. ERK1/2 pathway activation is redox sensitive and could be modulated by ROS. In order to investigate whether NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived ROS could contribute to GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, we tested the effect of two selective NOX2 inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and apocynin. Results showed that, while both DPI and apocynin strongly inhibited neutrophil ROS production, only apocynin, but not DPI, inhibited GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that ROS are not involved in this process. Apocynin did not affect GM-CSF-induced p38MAPKinase phosphorylation, another redox sensitive kinase. Interestingly, apocynin inhibited GM-CSF-induced MEK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation without affecting fMLF-induced phosphorylation of these proteins. GM-CSF is known to inhibit neutrophils apoptosis and to promote cell survival via the AKT-ERK1/2 pathway. In this regard, we found that apocynin also inhibited GM-CSF-induced anti-apoptotic effect in neutrophils. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived ROS are not involved in GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and that apocynin inhibits GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway independently of its inhibitory action on NADPH oxidase NOX2. Thus, apocynin can exert an anti-inflammatory effect not only by limiting neutrophil ROS production but also by decreasing neutrophil survival at inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Pintard
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Marwa Ben Khemis
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Dan Liu
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France; Departement d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Unité Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France.
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178
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Zhang X, Jin J, Xie A. Laquinimod inhibits MMP+ induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human neuronal cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:264-271. [PMID: 32249647 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1746967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays anessentialrole in neuroinflammation in the Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. Laquinimodis an immunomodulator that is clinically used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This study aims to investigate whether laquinimod possessesa protective effect against MPP+-induced NLRP3 activation.Materials and methods: In a variety of tests on human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, 1-methyl-4-phenyl Pyridine (MPP+) was used to mimic the microenvironment of PD. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was measured by western blot analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Laquinimod had a significant protective impact against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced reduction of cell proliferation, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with laquinimod significantly inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by reducing the levels of its components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase 1 (P10). Consistently, laquinimod prevented MPP+-induced secretions of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Additionally, laquinimod also reduced the expression of other related factors, such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP). Furthermore, laquinimod prevented the reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) from MPP+ stimulation. Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effects of laquinimod against the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the involvement of SIRT1 in this process.Conclusion: These findings suggest that laquinimod treatment might be a possible therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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179
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Zhang P, Li T, Wu X, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies. Front Med 2020; 14:583-600. [PMID: 32248333 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Considerable recent evidence suggests that the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalance leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of diabetes and related complications by regulating certain signaling pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Reactive oxide species (ROS) can also directly oxidize certain proteins (defined as redox modification) involved in the diabetes process. There are a number of potential problems in the clinical application of antioxidant therapies including poor solubility, storage instability and nonselectivity of antioxidants. Novel antioxidant delivery systems may overcome pharmacokinetic and stability problem and improve the selectivity of scavenging ROS. We have therefore focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative therapies in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Precise therapeutic interventions against ROS and downstream targets are now possible and provide important new insights into the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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180
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Wang L, Chen G, Xiao G, Han L, Wang Q, Hu T. Cylindrospermopsin induces abnormal vascular development through impairing cytoskeleton and promoting vascular endothelial cell apoptosis by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109236. [PMID: 32062183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a widely distributed cyanobacterial toxin in water bodies and is considered to pose growing threats to human and environmental health. Although its potential toxicity has been reported, its effects on the vascular system are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the toxic effects of CYN on vascular development and the possible mechanism of vascular toxicity induced by CYN using zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CYN exposure induced abnormal vascular development and led to an increase in the growth of common cardinal vein (CCV), in which CCV remodeling was delayed as reflected by the larger CCV area and wider ventral diameter. CYN decreased HUVECs viability, inhibited HUVECs migration, promoted HUVECs apoptosis, destroyed cytoskeleton, and increased intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, CYN could promote the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and MLC-1 and inhibit the expression of ITGB1, Rho, ROCK, and VIM-1. Taken together, CYN may induce cytoskeleton damage and promote vascular endothelial cell apoptosis by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, leading to abnormal vascular development. The current results provide potential insight into the mechanism of CYN toxicity in angiocardiopathy and are beneficial for understanding the environmental risks of CYN for aquatic organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast of Chongqing, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Lin Han
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast of Chongqing, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast of Chongqing, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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181
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030060. [PMID: 32245238 PMCID: PMC7150948 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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182
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Jan-On G, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Senaphan K, Boonla O, Thongraung C, Kukongviriyapan U. Antihypertensive Effect and Safety Evaluation of Rice Bran Hydrolysates from Sang-Yod Rice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:89-95. [PMID: 31853902 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice bran hydrolysates contain highly nutritional proteins and beneficial phytochemicals. Sang-Yod rice bran hydrolysates (SRH) extracted from red pigmented rice is a rich source of nutrients and phenolic compounds. The present study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of SRH and its safety in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hypertension was induced in male rats by administration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for three weeks, and the antihypertensive effect of SRH was evaluated. Treatment of SRH (250 or 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced arterial blood pressure and improved hemodynamic parameters. The antihypertensive effect was associated with decreased oxidative stress, suppressed p47phox NADPH oxidase expression, increased nitric oxide bioavailability and decreased angiotensin II level and ACE activity. The SRH was shown to be safe after feeding male and female rats with a rodent diet containing 1.5% SRH for 90 days. Overall, these findings suggest that SRH is safe and may help to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulladawan Jan-On
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ketmanee Senaphan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Orachorn Boonla
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chakree Thongraung
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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183
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Ganbaatar B, Fukuda D, Shinohara M, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Hirata KI, Sata M. Empagliflozin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and suppresses atherogenesis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 875:173040. [PMID: 32114052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported cardioprotective effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors; however, the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we investigated whether empagliflozin attenuates atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Male streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic ApoE-/- mice were treated with empagliflozin for 12 or 8 weeks. Empagliflozin lowered blood glucose (P < 0.001) and lipid levels in diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Empagliflozin treatment for 12 weeks significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic arch (P < 0.01) along with reduction of lipid deposition (P < 0.05), macrophage accumulation (P < 0.001), and inflammatory molecule expression in plaques compared with the untreated group. Empagliflozin treatment for 8 weeks significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction as determined by the vascular response to acetylcholine (P < 0.001). Empagliflozin reduced RNA expression of a macrophage marker, CD68, and inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1 (P < 0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunits in the aorta compared with the untreated group. Empagliflozin also reduced plasma levels of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids, prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 (P < 0.001), which were elevated in diabetic condition. Furthermore, empagliflozin attenuated RNA expression of inflammatory molecules in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), suggesting the reduction of inflammation in PVAT. In in vitro studies, methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of AGEs, significantly increased the expression of inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1 and TNF-α in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Our results indicated that empagliflozin attenuated endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Reduction of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids and inflammation in the vasculature and PVAT may have a role as underlying mechanisms at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambasuren Ganbaatar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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184
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Pejenaute Á, Cortés A, Marqués J, Montero L, Beloqui Ó, Fortuño A, Martí A, Orbe J, Zalba G. NADPH Oxidase Overactivity Underlies Telomere Shortening in Human Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041434. [PMID: 32093292 PMCID: PMC7073034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Different studies have shown that phagocytic NADPH oxidase is associated with this disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between phagocytic NADPH oxidase and telomere shortening in human atherosclerosis. To assess this potential association, telomere length and phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity were determined by PCR and chemiluminescence, respectively, in a population of asymptomatic subjects free of overt clinical atherosclerosis. We also measured serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels (an index of oxidative stress) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. After adjusting them for age and sex, telomere length inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production, with 8-OHdG values, and with carotid IMT. Interestingly, the asymptomatic subjects with plaques have a lower telomere length (p < 0.05), and higher values of plasma 8-OHdG and superoxide production (p < 0.05). These data were confirmed in a second population in which patients with coronary artery disease showed lower telomere length and higher 8-OHdG and superoxide production than the asymptomatic subjects. In both studies, NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in phagocytic cells was only due to the specific expression of the Nox2 isoform. In conclusion, these findings suggest that phagocytic NADPH oxidase may be involved in oxidative stress-mediated telomere shortening, and that this axis may be critically involved in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pejenaute
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Adriana Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Javier Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Laura Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Óscar Beloqui
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuño
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Amelia Martí
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.P.); (A.C.); (J.M.); (L.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Ó.B.); (A.M.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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185
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Zheng K, Hao J, Xiao L, Wang M, Zhao Y, Fan D, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang L. Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:646-655. [PMID: 32052917 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress and signal transduction. Recent studies have suggested that NADPH oxidase is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The aim of this study was to detect the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in nasal polyp tissue and normal nasal mucosa, in order to explore the possible role played by NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. METHODS Thirteen patients with CRSwNP and 9 normal control subjects were selected to participate in this study, in which we evaluated the expression of different NADPH oxidase subunits (gp91phox , p67phox , p47phox , and p22phox ) in nasal polyp (NP) tissue and control mucosa by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect expression of the p67phox subunit and 4-HNE in NP tissue and normal nasal mucosa. RESULTS Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that p67phox expression was significantly increased in NP tissue when compared with its expression in control mucosa (p = 0.004). p67phox was expressed in the eosinophils and neutrophils found in NP tissue, but not in the macrophages. Additionally, the levels of 4-HNE expression were also significantly increased in NP tissue when compared with control mucosa (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The levels of p67phox messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein as well as 4-HNE were both upregulated in NP tissue, suggesting that p67phox and oxidative stress play roles in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Dachuan Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
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186
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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187
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Moretti R, Caruso P. Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia: An Invalid Neurovascular Coupling? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1095. [PMID: 32046035 PMCID: PMC7036993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arteriosclerosis-dependent alteration of brain perfusion is one of the major determinants in small vessel disease, since small vessels have a pivotal role in the brain's autoregulation. Nevertheless, as far as we know, endothelium distress can potentiate the flow dysregulation and lead to subcortical vascular dementia that is related to small vessel disease (SVD), also being defined as subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD), as well as microglia activation, chronic hypoxia and hypoperfusion, vessel-tone dysregulation, altered astrocytes, and pericytes functioning blood-brain barrier disruption. The molecular basis of this pathology remains controversial. The apparent consequence (or a first event, too) is the macroscopic alteration of the neurovascular coupling. Here, we examined the possible mechanisms that lead a healthy aging process towards subcortical dementia. We remarked that SVD and white matter abnormalities related to age could be accelerated and potentiated by different vascular risk factors. Vascular function changes can be heavily influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, which are, to the best of our knowledge, mostly unknown. Metabolic demands, active neurovascular coupling, correct glymphatic process, and adequate oxidative and inflammatory responses could be bulwarks in defense of the correct aging process; their impairments lead to a potentially catastrophic and non-reversible condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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188
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Liu F, Fang S, Liu X, Li J, Wang X, Cui J, Chen T, Li Z, Yang F, Tian J, Li H, Yin L, Yu B. Omentin-1 protects against high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction via the AMPK/PPARδ signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113830. [PMID: 32001235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical initiating factor in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Omentin-1 has been regarded as a novel biomarker of endothelial function in subjects with type-2 diabetes (T2D); however, it is unclear whether omentin-1 has any direct effect in ameliorating high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of omentin-1 on high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in isolated mouse aortas and mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). Vascular reactivity in aortas was measured using wire myography. The expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ), Akt, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress markers in MAECs were determined by Western blotting. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed by diluted fluoroprobe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM DA), respectively. We found that ex vivo treatment with omentin-1 reversed impaired endothelial-dependent relaxations (EDR) in mouse aortas after high-glucose insult. Elevated ER-stress markers, oxidative stress, and reduction of NO production induced by high glucose in MAECs were reversed by omentin-1 treatment. Omentin-1 also effectively reversed tunicamycin-induced ER stress responses in MAECs, as well as ameliorated impairment of endothelial-dependent relaxation in mouse aortas. Moreover, omentin-1 increased AMPK phosphorylation with a subsequent increase in PPARδ expression, while also restoring the decreased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. The effects of omentin-1 were abolished by cotreatment of compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and GSK0660 (PPARδ antagonist). These data indicate that omentin-1 protects against high glucose-induced vascular-endothelial dysfunction through inhibiting ER stress and oxidative stress and increasing NO production via activation of AMPK/PPARδ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangtian Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hulun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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189
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Solbak SMØ, Zang J, Narayanan D, Høj LJ, Bucciarelli S, Softley C, Meier S, Langkilde AE, Gotfredsen CH, Sattler M, Bach A. Developing Inhibitors of the p47phox-p22phox Protein-Protein Interaction by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1156-1177. [PMID: 31922756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 is an enzyme complex, which generates reactive oxygen species and contributes to oxidative stress. The p47phox-p22phox interaction is critical for the activation of the catalytical NOX2 domain, and p47phox is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. By screening 2500 fragments using fluorescence polarization and a thermal shift assay and validation by surface plasmon resonance, we found eight hits toward the tandem SH3 domain of p47phox (p47phoxSH3A-B) with KD values of 400-600 μM. Structural studies revealed that fragments 1 and 2 bound two separate binding sites in the elongated conformation of p47phoxSH3A-B and these competed with p22phox for binding to p47phoxSH3A-B. Chemical optimization led to a dimeric compound with the ability to potently inhibit the p47phoxSH3A-B-p22phox interaction (Ki of 20 μM). Thereby, we reveal a new way of targeting p47phox and present the first report of drug-like molecules with the ability to bind p47phox and inhibit its interaction with p22phox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marie Øie Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jie Zang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Jakobsen Høj
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Saskia Bucciarelli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Softley
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Annette Eva Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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190
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Tian R, Peng R, Yang Z, Peng YY, Lu N. Supplementation of dietary nitrate attenuated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic vasculature through inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2020; 96:54-63. [PMID: 31972252 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders in diabetes, which are usually accompanied by oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increase the risk of detrimental cardiovascular complications. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate, which is found in high content in green leafy vegetables, on vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Dietary nitrate in drinking water fuelled a nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, which inhibited vascular oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and many features of metabolic syndrome in diabetic mice. These beneficial effects of nitrate on diabetic mice were abolished by PTIO (NO scavenger) treatment and significantly prevented by febuxostat (xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor), demonstrating the central importance of NO in bioactivation of nitrate. The favorable effects of nitrate were not further influenced by apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In high glucose-incubated vascular endothelial cells, NO donor attenuated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via the inhibition of NADPH oxidase, where a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-dependent mechanism was demonstrated for the antioxidant abilities of NO. Altogether, boosting this nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling pathway resulted in the decreases of NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders in diabetic vasculature. These findings may have novel implications for the preventive strategy against diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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191
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Momozono A, Kodera Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa Y, Konno R, Shichiri M. Oxidised Met 147 of human serum albumin is a biomarker of oxidative stress, reflecting glycaemic fluctuations and hypoglycaemia in diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:268. [PMID: 31937809 PMCID: PMC6959251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to a number of chronic diseases, and this has aroused interest in the identification of clinical biomarkers that can accurately assess its severity. We used liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to show that oxidised and non-oxidised Met residues at position 147 of human serum albumin (Met147) can be accurately and reproducibly quantified with stable isotope-labelled peptides. Met147 oxidation was significantly higher in patients with diabetes than in controls. Least square multivariate analysis revealed that glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) did not significantly influence Met147 oxidation, but the GA/HbA1c ratio, which reflects glycaemic excursions, independently affected Met147 oxidation status. Continuous glucose monitoring revealed that Met147 oxidation strongly correlates with the standard deviation of sensor glucose concentrations and the time spent with hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia each day. Thus, glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemia in diabetes may be associated with greater oxidation of Met147. Renal function, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and serum bilirubin were also associated with the oxidation status of Met147. In conclusion, the quantification of oxidised and non-oxidised Met147 in serum albumin using our LC-MS methodology could be used to assess the degree of intravascular oxidative stress induced by hypoglycaemia and glycaemic fluctuations in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Momozono
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Physics and Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Center for Disease Proteomics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Department of Physics and Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Center for Disease Proteomics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Physics and Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Center for Disease Proteomics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Nakagawa
- Department of Physics and Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Physics and Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shichiri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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192
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Gui F, You Z, Fu S, Wu H, Zhang Y. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591. [PMID: 33013692 PMCID: PMC7499433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication which affects retinal function and results in severe loss of vision and relevant retinal diseases. Retinal vascular dysfunction caused by multifactors, such as advanced glycosylation end products and receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proliferator-activated receptor-γ disruption, growth factors, oxidative stress, and microRNA. These factors promote retinal endothelial dysfunction, which results in the development of DR. In this review, we summarize the contributors in the pathophysiology of DR for a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanism in the development of DR with a special emphasis on retinal endothelial dysfunction.
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193
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Quintana DD, Garcia JA, Anantula Y, Rellick SL, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Sarkar SN, Brown CM, Simpkins JW. Amyloid-β Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction via a Ca2+-Driven Upregulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Superoxide Production in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:119-138. [PMID: 32250296 PMCID: PMC7418488 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathology is pervasive in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it is unknown whether cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to the progression or etiology of AD. In human subjects and in animal models of AD, cerebral hypoperfusion and hypometabolism are reported to manifest during the early stages of the disease and persist for its duration. Amyloid-β is known to cause cellular injury in both neurons and endothelial cells by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and disrupting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We present a mechanism for mitochondrial degeneration caused by the production of mitochondrial superoxide, which is driven by increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We found that persistent superoxide production injures mitochondria and disrupts electron transport in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. These observations provide a mechanism for the mitochondrial deficits that contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D. Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jorge A. Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yamini Anantula
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Rellick
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Saumyendra N. Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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194
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Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction () Prevents Blood Pressure Elevation and Ameliorates Vascular Structural Remodeling via Modulating TGF-β 1/Smad Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:180-187. [PMID: 31883057 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elevate the effects of Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction (, QXJYD) on hypertension and vascular structural remodeling (VSR) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS SHRs (n=8) were given intra-gastric administration with 60 mg/kg of QXJYD or saline, daily for 8 weeks, while rats in SHR-control (n=8) and WKY (n=8) groups were received equal volumes of saline solution. Systolic blood pressures (SBP), diastolic blood pressures (DBP) and mean blood pressures (MBP) were measured once a week. The levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin 1 (ET-1) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The effect of QXJYD on VSR was determined by examining the media thickness and the ex vivo contractility of thoracic aortic. The proliferation and fibrosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were examined via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), collagen I and collagen III, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), Smad3 and phosphorylation of Smad3 in thoracic aorta tissues were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assay, respectively. RESULTS QXJYD treatment led to a significant decrease of the elevation of blood pressure in SHRs and reduced the levels of Ang II, ET-1 and PRA in the serum (P<0.05). In addition, QXJYD treatment remarkably ameliorated VSR and vascular function in SHRs. Moreover, QXJYD inhibited VSMC proliferation and fibrosis by suppressing the expression of PCNA, collagen I and collagen III in thoracic aortic. Furthermore, QXJYD inhibited the expression of TGF-β 1, Smad3 and the phosphorylation of Smad3, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION QXJYD reversed VSR by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and collagen deposition via regulation of TGF-β 1/Smad signaling pathway, which may, in part, illuminate its anti-hypertensive activities.
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195
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Rana I, Suphapimol V, Jerome JR, Talia DM, Deliyanti D, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Angiotensin II and aldosterone activate retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res 2019; 191:107902. [PMID: 31884019 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are important contributors to the neuroinflammation and blood vessel damage that occurs in ischemic retinopathies. We hypothesized that key effectors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone, increase the density of microglia in the retina and stimulate their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors. Two animal models were studied that featured up-regulation of Ang II or aldosterone and included transgenic Ren-2 rats which overexpress renin and Ang II in tissues including the retina, and Sprague Dawley rats with ischemic retinopathy and infused with aldosterone. Complementary studies were performed in primary cultures of retinal microglia from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats exposed to hypoxia (0.5% O2) and inhibitors of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (valsartan), the mineralocorticoid receptor (spironolactone) or aldosterone synthase (FAD286). In both in vivo models, the density of ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 labelled microglia/macrophages was increased in retina compared to genetic or vehicle controls. In primary cultures of retinal microglia, hypoxia increased ROS (superoxide) levels as well as the expression of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4. The elevated levels of ROS as well as NOX2 and NOX4 were reduced by all of the treatments, and valsartan and FAD286 also reduced NOX1 mRNA levels. A protein cytokine array of retinal microglia revealed that valsartan, spironolactone and FAD286 reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in the potent pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory agent, vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the inflammatory factors, CCL5 and interferon γ. Valsartan also reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in IL-6 and TIMP-1 as well as the chemoattractants, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL10. Spironolactone and FAD286 reduced the levels of CXCL2 and CXCL10, respectively. In conclusion, our findings that both Ang II and aldosterone influence the activation of retinal microglia implicates the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeetsinh Rana
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Varaporn Suphapimol
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack R Jerome
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean M Talia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devy Deliyanti
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Effect of Low-Protein Diet and Inulin on Microbiota and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123006. [PMID: 31818021 PMCID: PMC6950025 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota has coevolved with humans for a mutually beneficial coexistence and plays an important role in health and disease. A dysbiotic gut microbiome may contribute to progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related complications such as cardiovascular disease. Microbiota modulation through the administration of prebiotics may represent an important therapeutic target. Aim: We sought to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet (LPD) (0.6 g/kg/day) with or without the intake of the prebiotic inulin (19 g/day) on microbiota and clinical parameters in CKD patients. Materials and Methods: We performed a longitudinal, prospective, controlled, and interventional study on 16 patients: 9 patients treated with LPD (0.6 g/kg/day) and inulin (19 g/day) and 7 patients (control group) treated only with LPD (0.6 g/kg/day). Clinical evaluations were performed and fecal samples were collected for a subsequent evaluation of the intestinal microbiota in all patients. These tests were carried out before the initiation of LPD, with or without inulin, at baseline (T0) and at 6 months (T2). The microbiota of 16 healthy control (HC) subjects was also analyzed in order to identify potential dysbiosis between patients and healthy subjects. Results: Gut microbiota of CKD patients was different from that of healthy controls. The LPD was able to significantly increase the frequencies of Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidaceae and decrease the frequencies of Christensenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Pasteurellaceae. Only Bifidobacteriaceae were increased when the LPD was accompanied by oral inulin intake. We showed a significant reduction of serum uric acid (SUA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients treated with LPD and inulin (p = 0.018 and p = 0.003, respectively), an improvement in SF-36 (physical role functioning and general health perceptions; p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and a significant increase of serum bicarbonate both in patients treated with LPD (p = 0.026) or with LPD and inulin (p = 0.01). Moreover, in patients treated with LPD and inulin, we observed a significant reduction in circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.041) and plasma nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) (p = 0.027) levels. We did not find a significant difference in the circulating levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β (p = 0.529) and IL-6 (p = 0.828) in the two groups. Conclusions: LPD, associated or not with inulin, modified gut microbiota and modulated inflammatory and metabolic parameters in patients with CKD. Our results suggest that interventions attempting to modulate the gut microbiome may represent novel strategies to improve clinical outcomes in CKD patients and may provide useful therapeutic effects.
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197
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Antidepressant activity of crocin-I is associated with amelioration of neuroinflammation and attenuates oxidative damage induced by corticosterone in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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198
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Zaabalawi A, Astley C, Renshall L, Beards F, Lightfoot AP, Degens H, Whitehead D, Alexander Y, Harris LK, Azzawi M. Tetramethoxystilbene-Loaded Liposomes Restore Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Attenuation of Dilator Responses in Rat Aortic Vessels Ex vivo. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234360. [PMID: 31795324 PMCID: PMC6930636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylated analogue of the polyphenol resveratrol (RV), 2,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) displays potent antioxidant properties and is an effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 inhibitor. The bioavailability of TMS is low. Therefore, the use of liposomes for the encapsulation of TMS is a promising delivery modality for enhanced uptake into tissues. We examined the effect of delivery of TMS in liposomes on the restoration of vasodilator responses of isolated aortic vessels after acute tension elevation ex vivo. Aortic vessels from young male Wistar rats were isolated, and endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) responses assessed. Acute tension elevation (1 h) significantly reduced ACh dilator responses, which were restored following incubation with superoxide dismutase or apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Incubation with TMS-loaded liposomes (mean diameter 157 ± 6 nm; PDI 0.097) significantly improved the attenuated dilator responses following tension elevation, which was sustained over a longer period (4 h) when compared to TMS solution. Endothelial denudation or co-incubation with L-NNA (Nω-nitro-l-arginine; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) resulted in loss of dilator function. Our findings suggest that TMS-loaded liposomes can restore attenuated endothelial-dependent dilator responses induced by an oxidative environment by reducing NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS and potentiating the release of the vasodilator nitric oxide. TMS-loaded liposomes may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore vasodilator function in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azziza Zaabalawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Cai Astley
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Lewis Renshall
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frances Beards
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hans Degens
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Debra Whitehead
- Advances Materials and Surface Engineering Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.R.); (F.B.); (L.K.H.)
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - May Azzawi
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.Z.); (C.A.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence:
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199
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Li C, Li W, Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li Z, Wang Q. An Activatable NIR‐II Nanoprobe for In Vivo Early Real‐Time Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:247-252. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wanfei Li
- Research Center for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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200
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Li C, Li W, Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li Z, Wang Q. An Activatable NIR‐II Nanoprobe for In Vivo Early Real‐Time Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wanfei Li
- Research Center for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230036 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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