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Noone J, Rooney MF, Karavyraki M, Yates A, O’Sullivan SE, Porter RK. Cancer-Cachexia-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Myotube Degeneration Is Prevented via Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonism In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1580. [PMID: 38004445 PMCID: PMC10675367 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome, leading to reduced skeletal muscle and fat mass, is highly prevalent in cancer patients, resulting in further negative implications for these patients. To date, there is no approved therapy for cachexia syndrome. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model of cancer cachexia in mature human skeletal muscle myotubes, with the intention of exploiting the cell model to assess potential cachexia therapeutics, specifically cannabinoid related drugs. Having cultured and differentiated primary human muscle myoblasts to mature myotubes, we successfully established two cancer cachexia models using conditioned media (CM) from human colon adenocarcinoma (SW480) and from non-small-cell lung carcinoma (H1299) cultured cells. The cancer-CM-induced extensive myotube degeneration, demonstrated by a significant reduction in mature myotube diameter, which progressed over the period studied. Myotube degeneration is a characteristic feature of cancer cachexia and was used in this study as an index of cachexia. Expression of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) was confirmed in the mature human skeletal muscle myotubes. Subsequently, the effect of cannabinoid compounds on this myotube degeneration were assessed. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial CB1R/CB2R agonist, and JWH133, a selective CB2R agonist, proved efficacious in protecting mature human myotubes from the deleterious effects of both (SW480 and H1299) cancer cachexia conditions. ART27.13, a full, peripherally selective CB1R/CB2R agonist, currently being trialled in cancer cachexia (IRAS ID 278450, REC 20/NE/0198), was also significantly protective against myotube degeneration in both (SW480 and H1299) cancer cachexia conditions. Furthermore, the addition of the CB2R antagonist AM630, but not the CB1R antagonist Rimonabant, abolished the protective effect of ART27.13. In short, we have established a convenient and robust in vitro model of cancer-induced human skeletal muscle cachexia. The data obtained using the model demonstrate the therapeutic potential of ART27.13 in cancer-induced cachexia prevention and provides evidence indicating that this effect is via CB2R, and not CB1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin, Ireland; (J.N.); (M.F.R.)
| | - Mary F. Rooney
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin, Ireland; (J.N.); (M.F.R.)
| | - Marilena Karavyraki
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin, Ireland; (J.N.); (M.F.R.)
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Bioscience, Ltd., Alderly Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK (S.E.O.)
| | | | - Richard K. Porter
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin, Ireland; (J.N.); (M.F.R.)
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Chen G, Wang N, Yang R, Wu Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Zhang C, Chan YT, Feng Y. Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines intervention for cachexia associated with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5243-5278. [PMID: 37795775 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
As a worldwide public health issue, cancer-induced cachexia can result in decreasing physical function and survival rate. However, the therapeutic effects of conventional approaches, including pharmacotherapy, exercise and nutritional intervention, are far from satisfactory. Herbal medicines (HMs), especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), are reported to effectively treat cachexia for centuries. The inclusion criteria of all participants in this study pointed to the diagnosis of cachexia, the trial group used herbal medicine (HM) in complementary and alternative medicine, etc. Twelve databases, including EMbase, PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, CINAHLPlus, PsycINFO, AMED, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Chongqing VIP (CQVIP) were retrieved from inception to March 28, 2022. We conducted the meta-analysis utilizing RevMan 5.3. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to assess the adequacy of the sample size for the outcomes. We have registered the protocol and the registration number was CRD42022336446. A total of 66 studies were included, containing 3654 patients diagnosed with cancer cachexia, of which 1833 patients were assigned to the trial group and 1821 patients were treated in the control group. Outcomes cover the primary indicator KPS (RR = 1.84, 95%CI = [1.61, 2.09], p < 0.00001), and other outcomes including adverse events rate (RR = 0.37, 95%CI = [0.23, 0.58], p < 0.0001), albumin (MD = 2.14, 95%CI = [1.56, 2.71], p < 0.00001), haemoglobin (MD = 4.88, 95%CI = [3.26, 6.50], p < 0.00001), TCM syndrome effect (MD = 1.47, 95%CI = [1.31, 1.65], p < 0.00001), effect of weight (RR = 1.62, 95%CI = [1.34, 1.95], p < 0.00001), effect of appetite (RR = 1.23, 95%CI = [1.13, 1.34], p < 0.00001), FAACT (RR = 7.81, 95%CI = [6.12, 9.50], p < 0.00001), PG-SGA (MD = -2.16, 95%CI = [-2.65, -1.67], p < 0.00001) and QOL (MD = 5.76, 95%CI = [4.04, 7.48], p < 0.00001), suggesting that HMs or HMs combined with conventional treatment have an ameliorating effect on cachexia in each respect. Subgroup analysis showed that the five HMs with the best effect on improving KPS and their optimal doses were Coicis Semen (Yiyiren) in 10 g group, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) in 15 g group, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao) in 10 g group, Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) in 10 g group and Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma (Renshen) in 20 g group. In addition, there were HM combinations of levels 2-6. Egger's test showed publication bias for five outcomes. HMs have a significant effect on improving cancer cachexia on FAACT, TCM syndrome, KPS, QOL, appetite, nutritional status (evaluated by PG-SGA scale), weight, levels of albumin and haemoglobin. And the Adverse events rate is less than that of Western Medicine. The herbs with the best curative effect and their optimal dose were Dioscoreae R. (10 g), Citri R.P. (15 g), Coicis S. (10 g), Ophiopogonis R. (10 g) and Ginseng R.E.R. (20 g). Due to the quality of included studies is not high, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ishida Y, Maeda K, Murotani K, Shimizu A, Ueshima J, Nagano A, Sonoi N, Inoue T, Mori N. Association of body mass index and weight change with death in patients with advanced cancer. Nutrition 2023; 115:112152. [PMID: 37544211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional diagnostic criteria for cachexia are based on Western studies. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in body mass index (BMI) and the rate of weight change associated with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with advanced cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative claims database compiled by the Japan Medical Data Center Inc. The study was conducted between April 2014 and September 2022 on patients with advanced cancer. A Cox regression model was used to perform a restricted cubic spline analysis with four knots for BMI and weight change. Additionally, thin-plate smoothed splines were used to generate contour plots of the odds ratios of BMI and weight change for mortality. RESULTS The study analyzed 48 600 patients. The mean age was 71.9 ± 10 y. There were 33 051 men (68%) and 17 853 deaths (37%). The smoothed splines for BMI showed that low BMI was associated with high hazard ratio (HR, [95% confidence interval]; BMI = 18.5 kg/m2, HR, 1.2; [1.1-1.2]; BMI = 25 kg/m2, HR, 0.9; [0.9-0.9]). The smoothed spline of weight change showed a higher HR with an increasing rate of weight change (weight change rate -10%, HR, 1.1; [1.1-1.2]; weight change rate +10%, HR, 1; [1-1]). In the thin-plate smoothed spline analysis, patients with BMI <17 to 18.5 kg/m2 were at a higher risk for death regardless of weight change. CONCLUSIONS Low BMI, a large degree of weight change, or a combination of both, predicted death in Asian patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuria Ishida
- Department of Nutrition, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu Aichi, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu Aichi, Japan.
| | | | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, Nagano, Japan
| | - Junko Ueshima
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Nutritional Service, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Nagano
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Nursing, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sonoi
- Center for Education in Medicine and Health Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoharu Mori
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan; Nutritional Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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154
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Amano K, Hopkinson JB, Baracos VE, Mori N. Holistic multimodal care for patients with cancer cachexia and their family caregivers. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100290. [PMID: 38197043 PMCID: PMC10772164 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer cachexia frequently suffer from physical symptoms and psychological symptoms of illness, which can lead to emotional distress in patients and family caregivers. Although there is no standard care to manage cancer cachexia despite its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life in patients and family caregivers, there is accumulating evidence showing the importance of holistic multimodal care for cancer cachexia. However, there is no agreement on the essential components of holistic multimodal care. Therefore, the aims of this review are to give an overview of what is known about the holistic multimodal care and to suggest the composition of a multidisciplinary team to achieve holistic interventions. Holistic multimodal care for cancer cachexia is defined as an approach that addresses physical health through medical, pharmacological, nutritional, and rehabilitative interventions as well as psychological, emotional, and social well-being issues according to the needs of patients and family caregivers. Moreover, an ideal multidisciplinary team is proposed to achieve holistic interventions based on patient- and family-centered care. However, the development of educational programs on cancer cachexia for both clinicians and patients and family caregivers is needed. Furthermore, measurements to assess the benefits of holistic multimodal care also need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Amano
- Palliative and Supportive Care Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psycho-Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane B. Hopkinson
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Vickie E. Baracos
- Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naoharu Mori
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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155
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Ling T, Zhang J, Ding F, Ma L. Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:462. [PMID: 37780545 PMCID: PMC10534279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a stress-induced cytokine. Under normal circumstances, the expression of GDF15 is low in most tissues. It is highly expressed during tissue injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. GDF15 has been established as a biomarker in patients with cancer, and is associated with cancer cachexia (CC) and poor survival. CC is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by severe muscle and adipose tissue atrophy, loss of appetite, anemia and bone loss. Cachexia leads to reductions in quality of life and tolerance to anticancer therapy, and results in a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Dysregulated GDF15 levels have been discovered in patients with CC and animal models, where they have been found to be involved in anorexia and weight loss. Although studies have suggested that GDF15 mediates anorexia and weight loss in CC through its neuroreceptor, glial cell-lineage neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like, the effects of GDF15 on CC and the potential regulatory mechanisms require further elucidation. In the present review, the characteristics of GDF15 and its roles and molecular mechanisms in CC are elaborated. The targeting of GDF15 as a potential therapeutic strategy for CC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ling
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Ma
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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156
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Cheung C, Boocock E, Grande AJ, Maddocks M. Exercise-based interventions for cancer cachexia: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100335. [PMID: 38197041 PMCID: PMC10772198 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by involuntary weight loss and functional limitation. There is a strong theoretical rationale for the use of exercise in the management of cachexia, and evidence of benefit from exercise in general cancer patients. However, clinical studies of exercise interventions in cancer cachexia are limited. We aimed to synthesise current evidence on the delivery, acceptability, safety and outcomes of exercise interventions for adults with cancer cachexia. Methods We conducted a systematic review. Four databases were searched up to February 2023 for randomised (RCTs) and non-randomised (NRCTs) controlled studies. Eligibility and quality were independently assessed by two authors. Data on intervention components and structure, participant flow and adherence were tabulated. Clinical outcome data on body stature and composition, muscle strength, functional performance, and health-related quality of life were synthesised using effect direction plots. Results Twelve studies (9 RCTs, 3 NRCTs) involving a total of 898 patients (study range 20-374) as part of a multicomponent approach. Median programme completion was 75% (range 43%-100%) and adherence was generally high. Five adverse events were considered possibly related to an intervention, including muscle or joint pain, breathlessness on exertion. Overall, 12/16 (75%) outcomes demonstrated a positive direction of effect on body stature and composition, 8/10 (80%) on muscle strength, 14/22 (64%) on functional performance, and 3/8 (38%) on health-related quality of life. Multicomponent interventions showed more consistent effects on body stature, and resistance training interventions on muscle strength. Conclusions Exercise interventions appear to be safe and acceptable to people with cancer cachexia. Positive effects from exercise are more consistently observed for body stature or composition and muscle strength outcomes, than in functional capacity and health-related quality of life. The synergistic effects of exercise with other cachexia interventions, including drugs, should be examined in future robust studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Boocock
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio J. Grande
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Matthew Maddocks
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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McClement SE. Toward a holistic understanding of cancer cachexia: Application of the human response to illness model. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100306. [PMID: 38197036 PMCID: PMC10772185 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a commonly presenting multidimensional syndrome in individuals living with advanced cancer. Given its prevalence of between 50% and 80%, nurses are going to encounter individuals manifesting ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support. Thus nurses require a comprehensive understanding of this complex clinical problem. Research suggests, however, that nurses receive minimal education about cachexia or its management. Limited understanding undermines the ability to confidently care for patients with cachexia and their families, thereby hampering effective practice. The human response to illness model provides nurses with an organizing framework to guide and make sense of their assessments in clinical practice when caring for patients with cancer cachexia and provides direction for appropriate intervention. This article illustrates the integration of the human response to illness model to clinical practice, thereby assisting nurses to develop a comprehensive understanding of the physiological, pathophysiological, behavioral, and experiential facets of cachexia in advanced cancer patients. Contemporary areas of further interest and research will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. McClement
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Helen Glass Centre for Nursing, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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158
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Igarashi Y, Shirai Y, Tanji Y, Hamura R, Yanagaki M, Abe K, Onda S, Furukawa K, Matsumoto M, Tsunematsu M, Ikegami T. The Impact of Fibrinogen to Prognostic Nutritional Index Rate on Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Am Surg 2023; 89:4255-4261. [PMID: 37776159 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231204912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio of serum fibrinogen to prognostic nutritional index (PNI; Fbg/PNI) in patients undergoing resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS A total of 140 patients who had undergone resection for pancreatic cancer were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to a Fbg/PNI ≥8.8 or <8.8. Survival data were analyzed using the log-rank test for univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Fbg/PNI was a significant prognostic indicator in univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Fbg/PNI retained significance in multivariate analysis for OS (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-2.77; P < .01) in addition to tumor differentiation and nodal involvement. Fbg/PNI was a significant independent prognostic indicator of poor DFS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26; P = .03). CONCLUSION Preoperative Fbg/PNI is a novel significant independent prognostic indicator for OS and DFS following resection of pancreatic cancer with curative intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Igarashi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanji
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryoga Hamura
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yanagaki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyohei Abe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinji Onda
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michinori Matsumoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsunematsu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
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159
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Elkan M, Kofman N, Minha S, Rappoport N, Zaidenstein R, Koren R. Does the "Obesity Paradox" Have an Expiration Date? A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6765. [PMID: 37959230 PMCID: PMC10647762 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The "obesity paradox" refers to a protective effect of higher body mass index (BMI) on mortality in acute infectious disease patients. However, the long-term impact of this paradox remains uncertain. (2) Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with community-acquired acute infectious diseases at Shamir Medical Center, Israel (2010-2020) was conducted. Patients were grouped by BMI: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity classes I-III. Short- and long-term mortality rates were compared across these groups. (3) Results: Of the 25,226 patients, diverse demographics and comorbidities were observed across BMI categories. Short-term (90-day) and long-term (one-year) mortality rates were notably higher in underweight and normal-weight groups compared to others. Specifically, 90-day mortality was 22% and 13.2% for underweight and normal weight respectively, versus 7-9% for others (p < 0.001). Multivariate time series analysis revealed underweight individuals had a significantly higher 5-year mortality risk (HR 1.41 (95% CI 1.27-1.58, p < 0.001)), while overweight and obese categories had a reduced risk (overweight-HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.80, p < 0.001), obesity class I-HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.76, p < 0.001), obesity class II-HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.85, p < 0.001), and obesity class III-HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.67-0.92, p = 0.003)). (4) Conclusions: In this comprehensive study, obesity was independently associated with decreased short- and long-term mortality. These unexpected results prompt further exploration of this counterintuitive phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Elkan
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin 7030000, Israel (R.K.)
| | - Natalia Kofman
- Department of Cardiology, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin 7030000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sa’ar Minha
- Department of Cardiology, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin 7030000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nadav Rappoport
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Division of Government Medical Centers, Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Ronit Zaidenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin 7030000, Israel (R.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ronit Koren
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin 7030000, Israel (R.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Ling T, Liu J, Dong L, Liu J. The roles of P-selectin in cancer cachexia. Med Oncol 2023; 40:338. [PMID: 37870739 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
P-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule of the selectin family, is expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets. Binding of P-selectin to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) supports the leukocytes capture and rolling on stimulated ECs and increases the aggregation of leukocytes and activated platelets. Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammation disorder characterized by metabolic disturbances, reduced body weight, loss of appetite, fat depletion, and progressive muscle atrophy. Cachexia status is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activates ECs to release P-selectin. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci of P-selectin encoding gene SELP are associated with higher level of plasma P-selectin and increase the susceptibility to cachexia in cancer patients. Elevated P-selectin expression has been observed in the hypothalamus, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle in animal models with cancer cachexia. Increased P-selectin may cause excessive inflammatory processes, muscle atrophy, and blood hypercoagulation, thus facilitating the development of cancer cachexia. In this review, physiological functions of P-selectin and its potential roles in cancer cachexia have been summarized. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of P-selectin inhibitors for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ling
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Liu H, Wang J, Tan S, Zhang Z, Yan M, Han J, Sui X, Yang F, Wu G. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal cancer: creatinine to cystatin C ratio as evaluation marker. J Transl Med 2023; 21:744. [PMID: 37864250 PMCID: PMC10589997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a simplified diagnostic tool for assessing sarcopenia and myosteatosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients, focusing on the creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) as an evaluation marker. METHODS 955 patients were split into training (n = 671) and validation (n = 284) cohorts. Using logistic regression, risk factors for sarcopenia and myosteatosis were identified. The predictive capacity of the developed model was examined. The association between CCR and muscle imaging parameters, along with its impact on clinical outcomes, was analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in baseline traits between cohorts. CCR emerged as a significant risk factor for both sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nomograms for diagnosing these conditions demonstrated strong predictive ability, with AUC values indicating high accuracy (sarcopenia AUC: 0.865-0.872; myosteatosis AUC: 0.848-0.849). The clinical utility of the nomograms was confirmed through decision curve analysis. CCR showed significant association with muscle imaging parameters and was a reliable indicator for assessing the risk of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and cachexia. Moreover, CCR was able to differentiate between patient survival and disease progression rates. CONCLUSION A diagnostic tool for sarcopenia and myosteatosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients was developed, with CCR being a pivotal biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanjun Tan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhige Zhang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingyue Yan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangyu Sui
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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162
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Guerrier L, Malpuech-Brugère C, Richard R, Touron J. Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Human White Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37892505 PMCID: PMC10609723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As ¾ of the global population either have excess or insufficient fat, it has become increasingly critical to understand the functions and dysfunctions of adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as a key organ in energy metabolism, and recently, attention has been focused on white AT, particularly its mitochondria, as the literature evidence links their functions to adiposity. This narrative review provides an overview of mitochondrial functionality in human white AT. Firstly, it is noteworthy that the two primary AT depots, subcutaneous AT (scAT) and visceral AT (vAT), exhibit differences in mitochondrial density and activity. Notably, vAT tends to have a higher mitochondrial activity compared to scAT. Subsequently, studies have unveiled a negative correlation between mitochondrial activity and body mass index (BMI), indicating that obesity is associated with a lower mitochondrial function. While the impact of exercise on AT mitochondria remains uncertain, dietary interventions have demonstrated varying effects on AT mitochondria. This variability holds promise for the modulation of AT mitochondrial activity. In summary, AT mitochondria exert a significant influence on health outcomes and can be influenced by factors such as obesity and dietary interventions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these responses can offer potential insights into managing conditions related to AT and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Guerrier
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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163
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Hall JW, Canada TW, Mansfield PF. Changes in serum prealbumin as a marker for nitrogen balance in surgical oncology patients. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:639. [PMID: 37851171 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum prealbumin has long been used as a marker of nutritional status. However, prealbumin is a negative acute phase reactant influenced by several non-nutritional-related factors including surgery, infection, and cancer. An increasing prealbumin has been correlated with a positive nitrogen balance in general surgery patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) with 88% specificity and 70% sensitivity. To date, no trial has evaluated the effect of concurrent cancer and surgery on the value of prealbumin in predicting nitrogen balance. METHODS This study is a concurrent retrospective design of post-operative patients (≥ 19 years of age) identified by the nutrition support service who received PN for ≥ 5 days, had a baseline and follow-up serum prealbumin and C-reactive Protein (CRP) measured, as well as a 24-h urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) performed between days 5-10 of PN. Exclusion criteria include anuric renal failure, Child-Pugh Class C liver failure, pregnancy, and corticosteroid use. Prealbumin was correlated to nitrogen balance, measuring sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values. Information was collected regarding patient demographics and presence or absence of metastatic cancer. RESULTS Thirty patients were identified and evaluated for this study from December 1st, 2010 to July 15th, 2011. Patients included in the study had a mean age of 57 years old (range 20-82), 53% male, with a mean weight of 84 kg (range 42-140) and body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2 (range 14.9-56.8). The mean daily caloric dose of PN per actual body weight was 21 kcal/kg (range 10-34) and the mean daily protein dose was 1.4 g/kg (range 1-2). Forty seven percent of patients were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and were prescribed high-protein hypocaloric PN. The most common indication for PN was post-operative ileus (23/30 patients). 24-h urine collection for UUN was performed on average of day 8 after PN initiation (range 5-10 days). Nitrogen balance as calculated from 24-h UUN was positive in 17/30 patients. A positive prealbumin change of greater than 2.8 mg/dL was found to have a statistically significant association with positive nitrogen balance (p = 0.02). At the cut off level of positive 2.8 mg/dL, the likelihood of a positive nitrogen balance had a sensitivity of 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 64-100%); specificity of 62% (95% CI 35-88%); positive predictive value of 74% (95% CI 54-93%); negative predictive value of 73% (95% CI 46-99%). No absolute value for prealbumin level (e.g., > 20 mg/dL) was found to be a significant predictor of positive nitrogen balance. CRP levels at initiation of PN were significantly elevated with a mean level of 147 mg/dL. CONCLUSION These results indicate a positive change in serum prealbumin (> 2.8 mg/dL) has sufficient sensitivity (82%) to predict positive changes in nitrogen balance in the surgical oncology population. However, the low specificity (62%) makes it less useful in predicting a negative nitrogen balance. Absolute prealbumin levels were greatly affected by inflammation, as evidenced by CRP levels, and single values were not useful in predicting positive nitrogen balance. CLINICAL RELEVANCY Positive changes in serum prealbumin levels have previously been associated with a positive nitrogen balance (NB) in surgical patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN); however, it is unclear if this is true in oncologic surgery patients. This study highlights how changing levels of serum prealbumin and C-reactive protein correlates to NB for cancer patients in the post-operative period requiring PN. Changes in prealbumin levels from baseline showed sufficient sensitivity, but not specificity to utilize routinely for predicting NB in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Hall
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 377, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Todd W Canada
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul F Mansfield
- Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Kasumi E, Chiba M, Kuzumaki Y, Kuzuoka H, Sato N, Takahashi B. Development and Characterization of a Cancer Cachexia Rat Model Transplanted with Cells of the Rat Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Sato Lung Cancer (SLC). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2824. [PMID: 37893197 PMCID: PMC10604092 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex malnutrition syndrome that causes progressive dysfunction. This syndrome is accompanied by protein and energy losses caused by reduced nutrient intake and the development of metabolic disorders. As many as 80% of patients with advanced cancer develop cancer cachexia; however, an effective targeted treatment remains to be developed. In this study, we developed a novel rat model that mimics the human pathology during cancer cachexia to elucidate the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of this syndrome. We subcutaneously transplanted rats with SLC cells, a rat lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and evaluated the rats' pathophysiological characteristics. To ensure that our observations were not attributable to simple starvation, we evaluated the characteristics under tube feeding. We observed that SLC-transplanted rats exhibited severe anorexia, weight loss, muscle atrophy, and weakness. Furthermore, they showed obvious signs of cachexia, such as anemia, inflammation, and low serum albumin. The rats also exhibited weight and muscle losses despite sufficient nutrition delivered by tube feeding. Our novel cancer cachexia rat model is a promising tool to elucidate the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and to conduct further research on the development of treatments and supportive care for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kasumi
- R&D Laboratories, EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hanamaki 025-0312, Japan (N.S.)
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Tsukiyama I, Iwata T, Takeuchi T, Kato RI, Sakuma M, Tsukiyama S, Kato M, Ikeda Y, Ohashi W, Kubo A, Mori N. Factors associated with early discontinuation of anamorelin in patients with cancer-associated cachexia. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:621. [PMID: 37815652 PMCID: PMC10564655 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome involving loss of muscle mass and anorexia, is an unremitting problem for cancer patients. Anamorelin has become available for cancer-associated cachexia, but early discontinuation is common in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore factors related to the early discontinuation of anamorelin and its relationship to survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective, observational study of multimodal clinical practice involved patients who took anamorelin (100 mg) for cancer-associated cachexia at Aichi Medical University Hospital between 14 May 2021 and 31 March 2022. In July 2022, clinical data were extracted from electronic clinical records. Patients who discontinued anamorelin less than 4 weeks after initiation were defined as the early discontinuation group, and their clinical data and survival time were compared with those of the continuation group. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university (approval no. 2021-124). RESULTS Of the 42 patients treated with anamorelin, 40 (median age 72.5 years, median BMI 18.7 kg/m2) were analyzed, including 13 with non-small cell lung cancer, and 12 with pancreatic, 8 with colorectal, and 7 with gastric cancers. On univariate analysis, the early discontinuation group included more patients with worse performance status (PS) (p=0.028), low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (p=0.001), and no concomitant anticancer drugs (p=0.003). On multivariate analysis, PS and PNI were related to anamorelin continuation. Survival time was significantly shorter in the early discontinuation group (p=0.039). CONCLUSION Worse PS and low PNI were associated with early discontinuation of anamorelin. Longer survival time was observed in the continuation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuto Tsukiyama
- Clinical Onco-pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan.
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
- Clinical OMICs and Translational Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Oncology Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine and Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takeuchi
- Department of Nutrition, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inuzuka Kato
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Tsukiyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mana Kato
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ikeda
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wataru Ohashi
- Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine and Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Kubo
- Oncology Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine and Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoharu Mori
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Oncology Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine and Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Wang J, Tan S, Xu J, Li S, Yan M, Yang F, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Han J, Liu H, Zhuang Q, Xi Q, Meng Q, Wu G. Development and application of the Cancer Cachexia Staging Index for the diagnosis and staging of cancer cachexia. Nutrition 2023; 114:112114. [PMID: 37454609 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current tools for evaluating cancer cachexia are either too simple to reflect the far-reaching effects of cachexia or too complicated to be used in daily practice. This study aimed to develop a cancer cachexia staging index (CCSI) that is both practical and comprehensive. METHODS Patients with gastrointestinal cancers were prospectively included in the study. Clinical data including weight change, body composition, systematic inflammation, nutrition, and function status were entered into regression models to determine the best variable combination as well as their respective cutoff values and score distribution in the CCSI. The CCSI's ability to predict outcomes and evaluate the consequences of cachexia for patients were then assessed. RESULTS Clinical information and test results from 10 568 patients were used to develop a CCSI composed of subjective and objective measures. Subjective measures included body mass index-adjusted weight loss grade, rate of weight loss, inflammation (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein level), and prealbumin level. Objective measures included appetite status and physical status. Patients were diagnosed and stratified by the total CCSI score into 3 subgroups: no cachexia, mild or moderate cachexia, and severe cachexia. The CCSI grades showed good survival discrimination and were independently predictive of survival in multivariate analysis. Compared with the traditional Fearon criteria for diagnosing cancer cachexia, the CCSI was more accurate in predicting postoperative complications (net reclassification index [NRI], 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.0104-0.0456%), death (NRI, 10.68%; 95% CI, 0.0429-0.1708%), recurrence (NRI, 3.71%; 95% CI, 0.0082-0.0685%), and overall survival (NRI, 8.5%; 95% CI, 0.0219-0.1533%). The CCSI also had better discriminative ability than Fearon criteria in discriminating nutritional status, body composition, and systematic inflammation in patients with or without cachexia. A more detailed evaluation of a randomly selected subgroup (n = 1566) showed that CCSI grades had good discrimination of appetite and food intake status, physical function and muscle strength, symptom burden, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The CCSI is a comprehensive and practical evaluation tool for cancer cachexia. It can predict postoperative outcomes and survival. The CCSI stages showed good discrimination when evaluating patients with cancer in terms of nutritional status, physical function, systematic inflammation, body composition, symptom burden, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanjun Tan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Yan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Huang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhige Zhang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulei Xi
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Iresjö BM, Kir S, Lundholm K. Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma and overt signs of disease progression and host tissue wasting. Transl Oncol 2023; 36:101752. [PMID: 37540958 PMCID: PMC10407952 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-cachexia is a complex syndrome secondary to physiological mechanisms related to classical hormone and immune alterations, where contributions of neuro-endocrine involvement have been less evaluated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore relationships between PTHrP and whole body metabolism in patients with progressive pancreatic carcinoma; relevant to "fat tissue browning". METHODS Patient serum samples and clinical information were retrieved from earlier translational projects (1995-2005), at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg. Blood PTHrP levels were determined at Harvard medical School (2014). Patient data included: medical history, clinical laboratory tests, food diaries, resting metabolic expenditure, body composition, exercise capacity, Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36) and mental disorders (HAD-scales). RESULTS Serum PTHrP was detectable in 17 % of all samples without significance to tumor stage. PTHrP-negativity at inclusion remained during follow-up. Mean PTHrP concentration was 262±274 pg/ml, without sex difference and elevation over time. PTHrP-positive and negative patients experienced similar body weight loss (%) at inclusion, with a trend to deviate at follow ups (16.8±8.2% vs. 13.1±8.2%, p<0.06), where PTHrP concentrations showed correlations to weight loss, handgrip strength and Karnofsky performance, without difference in exercise capacity. PTHrP-positivity was related to increased whole body fat oxidation (p<0.006-0.01) and reduced carbohydrate oxidation (p<0.01-0.03), independently of peripheral lipolysis. Metabolic alterations in PTHrP-positive patients were related to reduced Health Related Quality of life (SF: p<0.08, MH: p<0.02), and increased anxiety and depression (HAD 1-7: p<0.004; HAD 8-14: p<0.008). CONCLUSION Serum PTHrP positivity in patients with pancreatic carcinoma was related to altered whole body oxidative metabolism; perhaps induced by "browning" of fat cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Surgical Metabolic Research Lab, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KoÇ University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Surgical Metabolic Research Lab, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
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168
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Gonçalves F, Cabral S, Moreira AP, Cunha J, Magalhães B. Characterization and monitoring of nutritional risk and nutritional status in oncological patients admitted to an oncological surgery unit: A longitudinal study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:637-646. [PMID: 37739717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS malnutrition is a common phenomenon in people with cancer and can occur at all stages of the disease trajectory. Prevention, early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition, nutritional diagnosis, and personalized intervention, monitoring and follow-up are essential measures to minimize the occurrence of malnutrition and its consequences. This study aims to evaluate if current institutional practices regarding nutritional intervention guarantees nutritional/dietary care for cancer patients. METHODS adescriptive, analytical and longitudinal study was carried out, lasting five months, in a hospital inpatient surgical oncology unit. All patients admitted to the unit in the period between 1 March and 31 July 2022, who underwent nutritional screening at the time of admission to the service, were included. During hospitalization, they were subjected to periodic assessments of weight, body mass index and nutritional screening every 7 days until discharge. RESULTS a total of 659 patients were admitted to the inpatient unit. The highest prevalence of malnutrition was observed in Head and Neck (37.6%), Genitourinary (30.8%) and Digestive (27.7%) cancers. Weight loss was especially significant in digestive, skin and sarcoma cancers, as well as genitourinary cancers, but not in breast cancer patients. During the hospitalization period, 14.0% of the hospitalized patients received nutrition-related nursing intervention, and 21.5% were referred for clinical dietetic intervention (by a registered dietitian). CONCLUSION this work reinforces the high prevalence of malnutrition in oncological patients and the need to systematically track cancer patients throughout their disease/treatment trajectory, from admission to the hospital, to the day of admission to inpatient unit, and subsequent follow-up. We also propose expedited referrals to different specialized centres in nutritional support for cancer patients from the first day of hospitalization. Assessment of patients should always be accompanied by active referral capacity to a specialized and duly trained nutritional care team that is quick, proactive, and responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Gonçalves
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campuz de Oza, 15006, A Coruña, Spain; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Cabral
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, IPOPFG, EPE, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Moreira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, IPOPFG, EPE, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Cunha
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, IPOPFG, EPE, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Magalhães
- School of Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (ESS-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CACTMAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Oncology Nursing Research Unit, IPO-Porto Research (CI-POP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Portugal (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC) & Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
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Dantas E, Murthy A, Ahmed T, Ahmed M, Ramsamooj S, Hurd MA, Lam T, Malbari M, Agrusa C, Elemento O, Zhang C, Pappin DJ, McGraw TE, Stiles BM, Altorki NK, Goncalves MD. TIMP1 is an early biomarker for detection and prognosis of lung cancer. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1391. [PMID: 37759102 PMCID: PMC10533479 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early stages of lung cancer are characterized by long asymptomatic periods that are ineffectively identified with the current screening programs. This deficiency represents a lost opportunity to improve the overall survival of patients. Serum biomarkers are among the most effective strategies for cancer screening and follow up. METHODS Using bead-based multiplexing assays we screened plasma and tumours of the KrasG12D/+; Lkb1f/f (KL) mouse model of lung cancer for cytokines that could be used as biomarkers. We identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) as an early biomarker and validated this finding in the plasma of lung cancer patients. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC), previously published single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data to assess the source and expression of TIMP1in the tumour. The prognostic value of TIMP1 was assessed using publicly available human proteomic and transcriptomic databases. RESULTS We found that TIMP1 is a tumour-secreted protein with high sensitivity and specificity for aggressive cancer, even at early stages in mice. We showed that TIMP1 levels in the tumour and serum correlate with tumour burden and worse survival in mice. We validated this finding using clinical samples from our institution and publicly available human proteomic and transcriptomic databases. These data support the finding that high tumour expression of TIMP1 correlates with an unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer patients. CONCLUSION TIMP1 is a suitable biomarker for lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Maurice A. Hurd
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tiffany Lam
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Murtaza Malbari
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Christopher Agrusa
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Englander Institute for Precision MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Englander Institute for Precision MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of BiochemistryWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Nasser K. Altorki
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Englander Institute for Precision MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marcus D. Goncalves
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Ahern K, Pham J, Sanderson R, Correia De Farias M, Walsh K. The nutritional impact of CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy versus BEAM chemotherapy for adult patients with lymphoma. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2099-2107. [PMID: 37489541 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel therapy demonstrating durable remissions in patients with refractory or relapsing non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Maintaining a patient's nutritional status has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in cancer treatment. However, no studies have investigated how CAR-T therapy affects nutritional status, nor compared its impact with other cancer treatments for this patient group. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CAR-T therapy on the prevalence of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) and nutritional status within 30 days post-treatment of patients with lymphoma compared to a conditioning regimen for autologous haematopoetic stem cell transplant (carmustine/BCNU, Etoposide, cytarabine/Ara-C, Melphalan [BEAM] auto-haematopoetic stem cell transplant [HSCT]). METHODS Clinical notes of patients with lymphoma who underwent either CAR-T therapy or BEAM auto-HSCT between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed. Data extracted included body weight measurements and NIS, including decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, mucositis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity at baseline and 30 ± 7 days post-treatment. RESULTS In total, 129 adults with lymphoma (n = 88 CAR-T vs. n = 41 BEAM) were included. Nutritional status was assessed in both groups at baseline prior to treatment. Mean absolute weight change was significantly different between groups (3.05 kg in CAR-T, -5.9 kg in BEAM, p ≤ 0.001). This was also significant when weight loss was categorised into percentage weight loss (p = 0.01). CAR-T patients experienced a significantly lower prevalence of decreased appetite (52.3% vs. 97.6%) nausea (25% vs. 78%,) vomiting (10.2% vs. 53.7%), diarrhoea (43.2% vs. 96.7%) and mucositis (5.7% vs. 75.6%) combined across all levels of severity compared to BEAM chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.01). CRS and neurotoxicity, which are specific side effects of CAR-T therapy, were moderately positively associated with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss, percentage weight loss and NIS were significantly reduced in CAR-T compared to BEAM treatment. However, patients who experienced neurotoxicity during treatment did have significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Ahern
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Domaniku A, Bilgic SN, Kir S. Muscle wasting: emerging pathways and potential drug targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:705-718. [PMID: 37596181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a serious comorbidity associated with many disorders, including cancer, kidney disease, heart failure, and aging. Progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass negatively influences prognosis and survival, and is often accompanied by frailty and poor quality of life. Clinical trials testing therapeutics against muscle wasting have yielded limited success. Some therapies improved muscle mass in patients without appreciable differences in physical performance. This review article discusses emerging pathways that regulate muscle atrophy, including oncostatin M (OSM) and ectodysplasin A2 (EDA2) receptor (EDA2R) signaling, outcomes of recent clinical trials, and potential drug targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Domaniku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
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172
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Sakurai K, Kubo N, Hasegawa T, Nishimura J, Iseki Y, Nishii T, Inoue T, Yashiro M, Nishiguchi Y, Maeda K. The Cancer Cachexia Index Can Be Used to Prognostically Predict Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Gastrectomy. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 79:511-521. [PMID: 37751717 DOI: 10.1159/000534244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cachexia occurs in cancer patients more frequently as the cancer progresses, with a negative impact on treatment outcomes. In this study, we sought to clarify the clinical impact of a cancer cachexia index (CXI) in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing gastrectomy. METHODS Between January 2013 and December 2018, we reviewed data from 556 patients treated for GC at our hospital. CXI was calculated using skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum albumin, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Patients were divided into high (n = 414) or low CXI (n = 142) groups. We investigated the clinical impact of CXI in patients with GC undergoing gastrectomy. RESULTS Multivariate analyses of 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates indicated that a low CXI was independently associated with unfavorable outcomes for patients with GC. In multivariate analyses, SMI was independent predictor of OS but not CSS. NLR was not an independent predictor of either OS or CSS. Complication incidences (≥ Clavien Dindo 3) were non-significantly higher in the low (vs. high) CXI group. CONCLUSION CXI was a more valuable prognostic biomarker when compared with SMI or NLR in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy. We suggest that patients with low CXI values should be given more comprehensive treatment, including exercise and nutritional therapy to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunobu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junya Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Iseki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nishii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Nishiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhu X, Hao J, Zhang H, Chi M, Wang Y, Huang J, Xu R, Xincai Z, Xin B, Sun X, Zhang J, Zhou S, Cheng D, Yuan T, Ding J, Zheng S, Guo C, Yang Q. Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent metabolic reprogramming induces skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:977. [PMID: 37741882 PMCID: PMC10518016 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Based on the up-regulation of catabolism and down-regulation of anabolism, here we showed genetic mutation-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the progression of cancer cachexia by screening for metabolites and investigating their direct effect on muscle atrophy. Treatment with 93 μM D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) resulted in reduced myotube width and increased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant patients had higher D2HG than non-mutant patients. In the in vivo murine cancer cachexia model, mutant IDH1 in CT26 cancer cells accelerated cachexia progression and worsened overall survival. Transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed a distinct D2HG-induced metabolic imbalance. Treatment with the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib delayed the progression of cancer cachexia in murine GL261 glioma model and CT26 colorectal carcinoma models. These data demonstrate the contribution of IDH1 mutation mediated D2HG accumulation to the progression of cancer cachexia and highlight the individualized treatment of IDH1 mutation associated cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juan Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine, Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengyi Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jinlu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhao Xincai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xipeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institution of microsurgery on extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dongdong Cheng
- Department of Bone Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Shanghai, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Bone Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Shanghai, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuier Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Ahmadi Hekmatikar A, Nelson A, Petersen A. Highlighting the idea of exerkines in the management of cancer patients with cachexia: novel insights and a critical review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:889. [PMID: 37730552 PMCID: PMC10512651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exerkines are all peptides, metabolites, and nucleic acids released into the bloodstream during and after physical exercise. Exerkines liberated from skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (batokines), and neurons (neurokines) may benefit health and wellbeing. Cancer-related cachexia is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by weight loss with specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss. Many studies have sought to provide exercise strategies for managing cachexia, focusing on musculoskeletal tissue changes. Therefore, understanding the responses of musculoskeletal and other tissue exerkines to acute and chronic exercise may provide novel insight and recommendations for physical training to counteract cancer-related cachexia. METHODS For the purpose of conducting this study review, we made efforts to gather relevant studies and thoroughly discuss them to create a comprehensive overview. To achieve this, we conducted searches using appropriate keywords in various databases. Studies that were deemed irrelevant to the current research, not available in English, or lacking full-text access were excluded. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the limited amount of research conducted in this specific field. RESULTS In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the findings, we prioritized human studies in order to obtain results that closely align with the scope of the present study. However, in instances where human studies were limited or additional analysis was required to draw more robust conclusions, we also incorporated animal studies. Finally, 295 studies, discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms related to the significance of investigating exerkines in cancer cachexia is currently quite basic. Nonetheless, this demonstrated that resistance and aerobic exercise can contribute to the reduction and control of the disease in individuals with cancer cachexia, as well as in survivors, by inducing changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - André Nelson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Santos KBNH, Knobl P, Henriques F, Lopes MA, Franco FO, Bueno LL, Farmer SR, Batista ML. Pathological beige remodeling induced by cancer cachexia depends on the disease severity and involves mainly the trans-differentiation of mature white adipocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558327. [PMID: 37781595 PMCID: PMC10541144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In cancer associated cachexia (CAC), white adipose tissue undergoes morphofunctional and inflammatory changes that lead to tissue dysfunction and remodeling. In addition to metabolic changes in white adipose tissues (WAT), adipose tissue atrophy has been implicated in several clinical complications and poor prognoses associated with cachexia. Adipocyte atrophy may be associated with increased beige remodeling in human CAC as evidenced by the "beige remodeling" observed in preclinical models of CAC. Even though beige remodeling is associated with CAC-induced WAT dysfunction, there are still some open questions regarding their cellular origins. In this study, we investigated the development of beige remodeling in CAC from a broader perspective. In addition, we used a grading system to identify the scAT as being affected by mice weight loss early and intensely. Using different in vitro and ex-vivo techniques, we demonstrated that Lewis LLC1 cells can induce a switch from white to beige adipocytes, which is specific to this type of tumor cell. During the more advanced stages of CAC, beige adipocytes are mainly formed from the transdifferentiation of cells. According to our results, humanizing the CAC classification system is an efficient approach to defining the onset of the syndrome in a more homogeneous manner. Pathological beige remodeling occurred early in the disease course and exhibited phenotypic characteristics specific to LLC cells' secretomes. Developing therapeutic strategies that recruit beige adipocytes in vivo may be better guided by an understanding of the cellular origins of beige adipocytes emitted by CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Knobl
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts,USA
| | - Magno A. Lopes
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe O. Franco
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana L. Bueno
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen R. Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Miguel L. Batista
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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176
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yu J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xia Y, Dong J. Circulating ghrelin levels in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1255112. [PMID: 37790757 PMCID: PMC10542895 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1255112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ghrelin plays a critical role in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. The association between circulating ghrelin levels and gastric cancer has not been systematically analyzed. Objective This work explored the association between circulating ghrelin levels and gastric cancer. Methods The literature search for relevant articles published until November 2022 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science with the keywords "ghrelin" and "gastric cancer". Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the effectiveness. We assessed pooled data by use of a random-effects model. Results Of 5,302 identified studies, nine were included (N=3,196 participants). Circulating ghrelin levels were lower in gastric cancer patients (SMD=-0.255, 95%CI: -0.528 to 0.017, P < 0.00001), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 88.8%). Conclusion The circulating ghrelin levels in patients with gastric cancer were lower than in controls. However, there was heterogeneity among results; therefore, studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- College of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaqing Yu
- Clinical Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunqiu Xia
- Laboratory of Human Body Function, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Physiology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chen S, Zhang P, Duan H, Wang J, Qiu Y, Cui Z, Yin Y, Wan D, Xie L. Gut microbiota in muscular atrophy development, progression, and treatment: New therapeutic targets and opportunities. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100479. [PMID: 37539440 PMCID: PMC10394038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that significantly affects quality of life and often lacks effective treatment options. Muscle atrophy can have various causes, including myogenic, neurogenic, and other factors. Recent investigation has underscored a compelling link between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. Discerning the potential differences in the gut microbiota associated with muscle atrophy-related diseases, understanding their influence on disease development, and recognizing their potential as intervention targets are of paramount importance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiota in muscle atrophy-related diseases. We summarize clinical and pre-clinical studies that investigate the potential for gut microbiota modulation to enhance muscle performance and promote disease recovery. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and muscle atrophy-related diseases, drawing from an array of studies. Emerging evidence suggests significant differences in gut microbiota composition in individuals with muscle atrophy-related diseases compared with healthy individuals. It is conceivable that these alterations in the microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders through bacterium-related metabolites or inflammatory signals. Additionally, interventions targeting the gut microbiota have demonstrated promising results for mitigating disease progression in animal models, underscoring the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota in these conditions. By analyzing the available literature, this review sheds light on the involvement of the gut microbiota in muscle atrophy-related diseases. The findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and open avenues for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Puxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuyueyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 501122, USA
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan 528308, China
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Azili C, Tamam S, Benk MS, Deryol R, Culcu S, Unal AE. Preoperative ALBI grade predicts mortality in patients undergoing curative surgery for pancreatic head cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35069. [PMID: 37682123 PMCID: PMC10489451 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade in patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC) undergoing surgery is unknown. Preoperative ALBI grade is believed to be influenced by tumor burden. This study aimed to develop and validate the ALBI grade as a preoperative prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients with PHC. This is a retrospective study of Whipple procedures performed on PHC patients between January 2013 and December 2022. ALBI grade was compared to age, gender, type of operation, presence of complications, type of complications, Clavien-Dindo classification, total bilirubin levels, and albumin levels. Of the series, 46 (41.1%) of the 112 patients were female, while 66 (58.9%) were male. The rate of complications following Whipple procedures was 36.6% (n = 41). The overall mortality hazard ratio increased significantly with increasing ALBI grades (HR: 1538, hazard ratio mean: -1602). Hospital mortality increased 2.84 times as the ALBI grade increased. The model's accuracy of 88.4% showed that the ALBI grade directly affected both the overall mortality rate and the hospital rate. But there was no statistically significant difference between the ALBI grade and other variables. Multivariate regression analysis identified the preoperative ALBI grade as an independent predictor of mortality (P = .006). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify preoperative ALBI grade as an independent predictor of survival in PHC. It was found that the ALBI grade of -1602 was a new grading system that would be more predictive of mortality in PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Azili
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Tamam
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sah Benk
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Deryol
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Culcu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Unal
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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179
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Cefalì M, Scala I, Pavone G, Helbling D, Hussung S, Fritsch R, Reiner C, Stocker S, Koeberle D, Kissling M, Chianca V, Del Grande F, De Dosso S, Rizzo S. Is Computed-Tomography-Based Body Composition a Reliable Predictor of Chemotherapy-Related Toxicity in Pancreatic Cancer Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4398. [PMID: 37686674 PMCID: PMC10486498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition, loss of weight and of skeletal muscle mass are frequent in pancreatic cancer patients, a majority of which will undergo chemotherapy over the course of their disease. Available data suggest a negative prognostic role of these changes in body composition on disease outcomes; however, it is unclear whether tolerance to chemotherapeutic treatment is similarly and/or negatively affected. We aimed to explore this association by retrospectively assessing changes in body composition and chemotherapy-related toxicity in a cohort of advanced pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS Body composition was evaluated through clinical parameters and through radiological assessment of muscle mass, skeletal muscle area, skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density; and an assessment of fat distribution by subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue. We performed descriptive statistics, pre/post chemotherapy comparisons and uni- and multivariate analyses to assess the relation between changes in body composition and toxicity. RESULTS Toxicity risk increased with an increase of skeletal muscle index (OR: 1.03) and body mass index (OR: 1.07), whereas it decreased with an increase in skeletal muscle density (OR: 0.96). Multivariate analyses confirmed a reduction in the risk of toxicity only with an increase in skeletal muscle density (OR: 0.96). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the retrospective analysis of changes in body composition is unlikely to be useful to predict toxicity to gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cefalì
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Isabel Scala
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (I.S.); (F.D.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Giuliana Pavone
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Daniel Helbling
- Onkozentrum Zürich, Seestrasse 259, 8038 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Saskia Hussung
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Ralph Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Cäcilia Reiner
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Soleen Stocker
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Dieter Koeberle
- Oncology Departement, St. Claraspital, Kleinriehenstrasse 39, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Marc Kissling
- Radiology Department, St. Claraspital, Kleinriehenstrasse 39, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Vito Chianca
- Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Filippo Del Grande
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (I.S.); (F.D.G.); (S.R.)
- Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Sara De Dosso
- Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (M.C.); (G.P.)
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (I.S.); (F.D.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (I.S.); (F.D.G.); (S.R.)
- Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
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180
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Duffy T, Kochanczyk M. Practical cancer cachexia management in palliative care - a review of current evidence. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2023; 17:177-185. [PMID: 37384429 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the current evidence relating to the practical management of cancer cachexia in palliative care. RECENT FINDINGS The authors found a growing evidence base including the publication of several expert guidelines since 2020. Guidelines identified the need for individualised nutritional and physical exercise support as the mainstay of cachexia management. Dietician and allied health professional referrals are recommended for the best patient outcomes. Limitations of nutritional support and exercise are acknowledged. Patient outcomes from multimodal anti-cachexia therapy are awaited at this time. Communication about the mechanisms of cachexia and nutritional counselling are identified as ways to reduce distress. Evidence supporting the use of pharmacological agents remains insufficient to make recommendations. Corticosteroids and progestins may be offered for symptom relief in refractory cachexia, taking into consideration well-documented side effects. Emphasis is placed on adequately managing nutritional impact symptoms. A specific role for palliative care clinicians and the use of existing palliative care guidelines in managing cancer cachexia were not identified. SUMMARY Current evidence recognises the inherently palliative nature of cancer cachexia management, and practical guidance correlates with the tenets of palliative care. Individualised approaches to support nutritional intake, physical exercise and alleviate symptoms that accelerate cachexia processes are currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Duffy
- St Columba's Hospice Care, Edinburgh, UK
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181
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Nishie K, Nishie T, Sato S, Hanaoka M. Update on the treatment of cancer cachexia. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103689. [PMID: 37385369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifaceted syndrome involving functional impairment and changes in body composition that cannot be reversed by nutritional support. Cancer cachexia is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, increased lipolysis, and decreased food intake. Cancer cachexia decreases chemotherapy tolerance as well as quality of life. However, because no fully effective interventions are available, cancer cachexia remains an unmet need in cancer treatment. In recent years, several discoveries and treatments for cancer cachexia have been studied, and guidelines have been published. We believe that the development of effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia will lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nishie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iida Municipal Hospital, 438 Yawatamachi Iida Nagano, 395-0814, Japan; The First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nishie
- The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Iida Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanaoka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
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182
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Klassen PN, Baracos V, Ghosh S, Martin L, Sawyer MB, Mazurak VC. Muscle and Adipose Wasting despite Disease Control: Unaddressed Side Effects of Palliative Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4368. [PMID: 37686641 PMCID: PMC10486774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle and adipose wasting during chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (aPC) are associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to quantify the contributions of chemotherapy regimen and tumour progression to muscle and adipose wasting and evaluate the prognostic value of each tissue loss. Of all patients treated for aPC from 2013-2019 in Alberta, Canada (n = 504), computed-tomography (CT)-defined muscle and adipose tissue index changes (∆SMI, ∆ATI, cm2/m2) were measured for patients with CT images available both prior to and 12 ± 4 weeks after chemotherapy initiation (n = 210). Contributions of regimen and tumour response to tissue change were assessed with multivariable linear regression. Survival impacts were assessed with multivariable Cox's proportional hazards models. Tissue changes varied widely (∆SMI: -17.8 to +7.3 cm2/m2, ∆ATI: -106.1 to +37.7 cm2/m2) over 116 (27) days. Tumour progression contributed to both muscle and adipose loss (-3.2 cm2/m2, p < 0.001; -12.4 cm2/m2, p = 0.001). FOLFIRINOX was associated with greater muscle loss (-1.6 cm2/m2, p = 0.013) and GEM/NAB with greater adipose loss (-11.2 cm2/m2, p = 0.002). The greatest muscle and adipose losses were independently associated with reduced survival (muscle: HR 1.72, p = 0.007; adipose: HR 1.73, p = 0.012; tertile 1 versus tertile 3). Muscle and adipose losses are adverse effects of chemotherapy and may require regimen-specific management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela N. Klassen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vickie Baracos
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Lisa Martin
- Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Michael B. Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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183
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Aryal S, Bachman SL, Lyden K, Clay I. Measuring What Is Meaningful in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: A Path Forward With Digital Measures of Real-World Physical Behavior. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2300055. [PMID: 37851933 PMCID: PMC10642875 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The burden of cancer cachexia on patients' health-related quality of life, specifically their physical functioning, is well documented, but clinical trials thus far have failed to show meaningful improvement in physical functioning. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing methods of assessing physical function in cancer cachexia, outline a path forward for measuring what is meaningful to patients using digital measures derived from digital health technologies (DHTs), and discuss the current landscape of digital measures from the clinical and regulatory standpoint. DESIGN For this narrative review, peer-reviewed articles were searched on PubMed, clinical trials records were searched on clinicaltrials.gov, and records of digital measures submitted for regulatory qualification were searched on the US Food and Drug Administration's Drug Development Tool Qualification Program database. RESULTS There are gaps in assessing aspects of physical function that matter to patients. Existing assessment methods such as patient-reported outcomes and objective performance outcomes have limitations, including their episodic nature and burden to patients. DHTs such as wearable sensors can capture real-world physical behavior continuously, passively, and remotely, and may provide a more comprehensive picture of patients' everyday functioning. Recent regulatory submissions showcase potential clinical implementation of digital measures in various therapeutic areas. CONCLUSION Digital measures of real-world physical behavior present an opportunity to detect and demonstrate improvements in physical functioning in cancer cachexia, but evidence-based development is critical. For their use in clinical and regulatory decision making, studies demonstrating meaningfulness to patients as well as feasibility and validation are necessary.
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184
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Brown LR, Laird BJA, Wigmore SJ, Skipworth RJE. Longitudinal characterisation of cachexia in patients undergoing surgical resection for cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2023; 17:172-176. [PMID: 37389614 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The complexity of the cancer cachexia phenotype has undoubtedly hindered researchers' understanding of this devastating syndrome. The presence and magnitude of host-tumour interactions are rarely considered during clinical decision-making within the current staging paradigm. Furthermore, treatment options for those patients who are identified as suffering from cancer cachexia remain extremely limited. RECENT FINDINGS Previous attempts to characterise cachexia have largely focussed on individual surrogate disease markers, often studied across a limited timeframe. While the adverse prognostic value of clinical and biochemical features is evident, the relationships between these are less clear. Investigation of patients with earlier-stage disease could allow researchers to identify markers of cachexia that precede the refractory stage of the wasting process. Appreciation of the cachectic phenotype within 'curative' populations may aid our understanding of the syndrome's genesis and provide potential routes for prevention, rather than treatment. SUMMARY Holistic, longitudinal characterisation of cancer cachexia, across all at-risk and affected populations, is of vital importance for future research in the field. This paper presents the protocol for an observational study aiming to create a robust and holistic characterisation of surgical patients with, or at risk of, cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo R Brown
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
| | - Barry J A Laird
- St Columba's Hospice
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
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185
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Zhou Y, Lu R, Lin F, Chen S, He QQ, Wu G, Huang C, Lin D. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ethyl 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Alleviating Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1330. [PMID: 37759730 PMCID: PMC10527383 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating metabolic syndrome. Although dietary interventions are attractive, long-term adherence to specific diets is difficult to maintain and can lead to systemic side effects. Ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (EHB) is a commonly used food additive found in wine and Tribolium castaneum. In this study, we investigated the effects of EHB administration in cachectic mice. After a single intraperitoneal injection of EHB into mice, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) levels were significantly increased in the serum and gastrocnemius of mice. The administration of EHB alleviated cachexia-related symptoms, ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy, and improved survival in cachectic mice. In addition, the supplementation of cachectic mice with 3-HB by EHB administration significantly reduced tumor weights, indicating the anti-tumor effects of 3-HB. Remarkably, the addition of 3-HB to the culture medium significantly attenuated the C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by the culture supernatant of CT26 cell lines, highlighting its potential to counteract the destructive effects of tumor-derived elements on muscle tissue. NMR-based metabolomics analysis provided insights into the underlying mechanisms and revealed that the anti-cachexia effects of 3-HB treatment can be attributed to three key mechanisms: the promotion of the TCA cycle and the attenuation of proteolysis, the promotion of protein synthesis and the improvement of metabolic homeostasis, and a reduction in inflammation and an enhancement of the antioxidant capacity. This study provided compelling evidence for the protective effects of 3-HB treatment on the cachectic gastrocnemius and highlighted the efficacy of EHB administration as a ketone supplementation approach to achieve nutritional ketosis without the need for dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruohan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Fusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Qi-Qing He
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Guoyang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (R.L.)
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186
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Hu Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhou H, Hu S, Li X, Li M, Li J, Cheng S, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yan W. Cancer-cell-secreted miR-204-5p induces leptin signalling pathway in white adipose tissue to promote cancer-associated cachexia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5179. [PMID: 37620316 PMCID: PMC10449837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ weight loss syndrome, especially with a wasting disorder of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) serve as emerging messengers to connect primary tumour and metabolic organs to exert systemic regulation. However, whether and how tumour-derived sEVs regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and fat loss is poorly defined. Here, we report breast cancer cell-secreted exosomal miR-204-5p induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) in WAT by targeting von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Elevated HIF1A protein induces the leptin signalling pathway and thereby enhances lipolysis in WAT. Additionally, exogenous VHL expression blocks the effect of exosomal miR-204-5p on WAT browning. Reduced plasma phosphatidyl ethanolamine level is detected in mice lack of cancer-derived miR-204-5p secretion in vivo. Collectively, our study reveals circulating miR-204-5p induces hypoxia-mediated leptin signalling pathway to promote lipolysis and WAT browning, shedding light on both preventive screenings and early intervention for cancer-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Meixin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; The Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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Agulló-Ortuño MT, Mancebo E, Grau M, Núñez Sobrino JA, Paz-Ares L, López-Martín JA, Flández M. Tryptophan Modulation in Cancer-Associated Cachexia Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13005. [PMID: 37629186 PMCID: PMC10455959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that interferes with treatment and reduces the quality of life and survival of patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment or biomarkers, and pathophysiology is not clear. Our group reported alterations on tryptophan metabolites in cachectic patients, so we aim to investigate the role of tryptophan using two cancer-associated cachexia syngeneic murine models, melanoma B16F10, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is KPC-based. Injected mice showed signs of cancer-associated cachexia as reduction in body weight and raised spleen weight, MCP1, and carbonilated proteins in plasma. CRP and Myostatin also increased in B16F10 mice. Skeletal muscle showed a decrease in quadriceps weight and cross-sectional area (especially in B16F10). Higher expression of atrophy genes, mainly Atrogin1, was also observed. Plasmatic tryptophan levels in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice decreased even at early steps of tumorigenesis. In KPC-injected mice, tryptophan fluctuated but were also reduced and in cachectic patients were significantly lower. Treatment with 1-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan degradation, in the murine models resulted in the restoration of plasmatic tryptophan levels and an improvement on splenomegaly and carbonilated proteins levels, while changes in plasmatic inflammatory markers were mild. After the treatment, CCR2 expression in monocytes diminished and lymphocytes, Tregs, and CD8+, were activated (seen by increased in CD127 and CD25 expression, respectively). These immune cell changes pointed to an improvement in systemic inflammation. While treatment with 1-MT did not show benefits in terms of muscle wasting and atrophy in our experimental setting, muscle functionality was not affected and central nuclei fibers appeared, being a feature of regeneration. Therefore, tryptophan metabolism pathway is a promising target for inflammation modulation in cancer-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Oncology—CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha (UCLM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Esther Mancebo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Grau
- Animal Facility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Antonio Núñez Sobrino
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Oncology—CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Flández
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.A.-O.); (L.P.-A.)
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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188
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MacDonald M, Poei D, Leyba A, Diep R, Chennapan K, Leon C, Xia B, Nieva JJ, Hsu R. Real world prognostic utility of platelet lymphocyte ratio and nutritional status in first-line immunotherapy response in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100752. [PMID: 37611343 PMCID: PMC11160511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and low body mass index (BMI) are associated with inferior survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immunotherapy (IO). We evaluated real-world prognostic utility of PLR, BMI, and albumin level in stage IV NSCLC patients receiving first line (1L) IO. METHODS We identified 75 stage IV patients who received 1L IO therapy at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Los Angeles General Medical Center from 2015 to 2022. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) from time of IO with attention to pre-treatment BMI < 22, albumin < 3.5 g/dL, and PLR > 180. RESULTS Median age was 66.5 years with 49 (65.3%) males. 25 (33.3%) had BMI < 22. 45/75 (60%) had PLR > 180. Patients with BMI < 22 had inferior OS (13.1 months (m) vs. 37.4 m in BMI > 28, p-value = 0.042) along with patients with albumin<3.5 g/dL (OS: 2.8 m vs. 14.6 m, p-value = 0.0027), and patients with PLR>180 (OS: 8.7 m vs. 23.0 m, p = 0.028). Composite BMI < 22, PLR > 180 had the worst OS, p-value = 0.0331. Multivariate analysis controlling for age, smoking, gender, PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS), and histology (adenocarcinoma, squamous, adenosquamous, and large cell) showed that BMI (HR: 0.8726, 95% CI: 0.7892-0.954) and PLR > 180 (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.076-6.055) were significant in OS mortality risk. CONCLUSION Patients with a composite of BMI < 22, albumin < 3.5 g/dL, and PLR > 180 had significantly worse OS. This highlights the importance of screening for poor nutritional status and high PLR to better inform stage IV NSCLC patients receiving IO therapy of their prognosis and supportive care. MICROABSTRACT We evaluated real-world prognostic utility of platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), body mass index (BMI), and albumin level in 75 Stage IV NSCLC patients receiving first line IO. Patients with a composite of BMI < 22, albumin < 3.5 g/dL, and PLR > 180 had significantly worse OS. This highlights the importance of screening for poor nutritional status and high PLR to better inform stage IV NSCLC patients of their prognosis and to emphasize supportive care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline MacDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darin Poei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexis Leyba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raymond Diep
- California University of Science and Medicine SOM, Colton, CA, United States
| | - Krithika Chennapan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Leon
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jorge J Nieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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189
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Saavedra P, Dumesic PA, Hu Y, Filine E, Jouandin P, Binari R, Wilensky SE, Rodiger J, Wang H, Chen W, Liu Y, Spiegelman BM, Perrimon N. REPTOR and CREBRF encode key regulators of muscle energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4943. [PMID: 37582831 PMCID: PMC10427696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the adaptive capacity to use different energy substrates according to their availability. The disruption of this ability associates with metabolic disease. Here, using a Drosophila model of systemic metabolic dysfunction triggered by yorkie-induced gut tumors, we show that the transcription factor REPTOR is an important regulator of energy metabolism in muscles. We present evidence that REPTOR is activated in muscles of adult flies with gut yorkie-tumors, where it modulates glucose metabolism. Further, in vivo studies indicate that sustained activity of REPTOR is sufficient in wildtype muscles to repress glycolysis and increase tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. Consistent with the fly studies, higher levels of CREBRF, the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR, reduce glycolysis in mouse myotubes while promoting oxidative metabolism. Altogether, our results define a conserved function for REPTOR and CREBRF as key regulators of muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Saavedra
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Phillip A Dumesic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Filine
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Jouandin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Wilensky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Rodiger
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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190
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Ohta H, Horii T, Yasu T. Adverse Metabolic Effects on Glucose in Patients Receiving Anamorelin Using a Japanese Claims Database. Oncology 2023; 101:782-785. [PMID: 37579746 DOI: 10.1159/000533539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anamorelin is the first drug approved for the treatment of cancer cachexia, a debilitating condition characterized by weight loss, anorexia, and muscle mass depletion. Cachexia negatively affects a patient's quality of life, survival, and response to chemotherapy. Studies describing anamorelin use are currently limited to a small number of pancreatic cancer cases. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the incidence and risk factors of adverse metabolic effects on glucose levels in cachexia patients with various carcinomas treated with anamorelin. METHOD We used real-world data of patients who received anamorelin between August 2021 and July 2022 and were registered in the JMDC claims database. We investigated the impact of metabolic adverse effects on glucose in patients receiving anamorelin with respect to the following factors: sex (male), age (>75 years), types of carcinoma, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and concomitant use of steroids. RESULTS The incidence of adverse metabolic effects on glucose was 12.3%, and pancreatic cancer and history of DM were associated with adverse metabolic effects on glucose. The median onset of adverse metabolic effects on glucose was 17 days after anamorelin treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to monitor and manage hyperglycemia in cachexia patients receiving anamorelin, especially in those with pancreatic cancer and a history of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ohta
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Takeshi Horii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Yasu
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan
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191
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Ji H, Englmaier F, Morigny P, Giroud M, Gräsle P, Brings S, Szendrödi J, Berriel Diaz M, Plettenburg O, Herzig S, Rohm M. Development of a peptide drug restoring AMPK and adipose tissue functionality in cancer cachexia. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2408-2421. [PMID: 37408309 PMCID: PMC10422018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe systemic wasting disease that negatively affects quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. To date, treating cancer cachexia is still a major unmet clinical need. We recently discovered the destabilization of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in adipose tissue as a key event in cachexia-related adipose tissue dysfunction and developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to prevent AMPK degradation and prolong cachexia-free survival. Here, we show the development and optimization of a prototypic peptide, Pen-X-ACIP, where the AMPK-stabilizing peptide ACIP is fused to the cell-penetrating peptide moiety penetratin via a propargylic glycine linker to enable late-stage functionalization using click chemistry. Pen-X-ACIP was efficiently taken up by adipocytes, inhibited lipolysis, and restored AMPK signaling. Tissue uptake assays showed a favorable uptake profile into adipose tissue upon intraperitoneal injection. Systemic delivery of Pen-X-ACIP into tumor-bearing animals prevented the progression of cancer cachexia without affecting tumor growth and preserved body weight and adipose tissue mass with no discernable side effects in other peripheral organs, thereby achieving proof of concept. As Pen-X-ACIP also exerted its anti-lipolytic activity in human adipocytes, it now provides a promising platform for further (pre)clinical development toward a novel, first-in-class approach against cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ji
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Englmaier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamina Gräsle
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendrödi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering (LNQE), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hanover, Germany; Institute of Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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192
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Amano K, Arakawa S, Hopkinson JB, Baracos VE, Oyamada S, Koshimoto S, Mori N, Ishiki H, Morita T, Takeuchi T, Satomi E. Factors Associated With Practice of Multimodal Care for Cancer Cachexia Among Physicians and Nurses Engaging in Cancer Care. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:602-609. [PMID: 37186884 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multimodal care for cancer cachexia is needed. This study examined factors associated with practicing multimodal cachexia care among physicians and nurses engaging in cancer care. METHODS This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a survey investigating clinicians' perspectives on cancer cachexia. Data of physicians and nurses were used. Data on knowledge, skills, and confidence in multimodal cachexia care were obtained. Nine items on practicing multimodal cachexia care were evaluated. Participants were divided into two groups as practicing multimodal cachexia care (above median value for the nine items) or not. Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors of practicing the multimodal care. RESULTS Total of 233 physicians and 245 nurses were included. Significant differences were observed between the groups: female sex (P = .025), palliative care versus oncology specialization (P < .001), the number of clinical guidelines used (P < .001), the number of symptoms used (P = .005), training for cancer cachexia (P = .008), knowledge on cancer cachexia (P < .001), and confidence in cancer cachexia management (P < .001). Palliative care specialization (partial regression coefficient [B] = 0.85; P < .001), the number of clinical guidelines used (B = 0.44; P < .001), knowledge on cancer cachexia (B, 0.94; P < .001), and confidence in cancer cachexia management (B = 1.59; P < .001) were statistically significant in multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION Specialization in palliative care, specific knowledge, and confidence were associated with the practice of multimodal care for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Amano
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Arakawa
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane B Hopkinson
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Saori Koshimoto
- School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoharu Mori
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishiki
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morita
- Palliative and Supportive Care Division, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Liaison Psychiatry and Psycho-oncology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Satomi
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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193
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Ford KL, Pichard C, Sawyer MB, Trottier CF, Disi IR, Purcell SA, Ghosh S, Siervo M, Deutz NE, Prado CM. Total energy expenditure assessed by 24-h whole-room indirect calorimeter in patients with colorectal cancer: baseline findings from the PRIMe study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:422-432. [PMID: 37290740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total energy expenditure (TEE) determines energy requirements, but objective data in patients with cancer are limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize TEE, investigate its predictors, and compare TEE with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included patients with stages II-IV colorectal cancer from the Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) trial. TEE was assessed by 24-h stay in a whole-room indirect calorimeter before dietary intervention and compared with cancer-specific predicted energy requirements (25-30 kcal/kg). Generalized linear models, paired-samples t tests, and Pearson correlation were applied. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (56 ± 10 y; body mass index [BMI]: 27.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 68% male) were included. Absolute TEE was higher in males (mean difference: 391 kcal/d; 95% CI: 167, 616 kcal/d; P < 0.001), patients with colon cancer (mean difference: 279 kcal/d; 95% CI: 73, 485 kcal/d; P = 0.010), and patients with obesity (mean difference: 393 kcal/d; 95% CI: 182, 604 kcal/d; P < 0.001). Appendicular lean soft tissue (β: 46.72; 95% CI: 34.27, 59.17; P < 0.001) and tumor location (colon-β: 139.69; 95% CI: 19.44, 259.95; P = 0.023) independently predicted TEE when adjusted for sex. Error between measured TEE and energy requirements predicted by 25 kcal/kg (mean difference: 241 kcal/d; 95% CI: 76, 405 kcal/d; P = 0.010) or 30 kcal/kg (mean difference: 367 kcal/d; 95% CI: 163, 571 kcal/d; P < 0.001) was higher for patients with obesity, and proportional error was observed (25 kcal/kg: r = -0.587; P < 0.001; and 30 kcal/kg: r = -0.751; P < 0.001). TEE (mean difference: 25 kcal/kg; 95% CI: 24, 27 kcal/kg) was below predicted requirements using 30 kcal/kg (-430 ± 322 kcal/d; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to assess TEE of patients with cancer using whole-room indirect calorimeter and highlights the need for improved assessment of energy requirements in this population. Energy requirements predicted using 30 kcal/kg overestimated TEE by 1.44 times in a controlled sedentary environment and TEE was outside of the predicted requirement range for most. Special considerations are warranted when determining TEE of patients with colorectal cancer, such as BMI, body composition, and tumor location. This is a baseline cross-sectional analysis from a clinical trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02788955 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02788955).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Ford
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire F Trottier
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ilana Roitman Disi
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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194
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Blum D, Vagnildhaug OM, Stene GB, Maddocks M, Sørensen J, Laird BJA, Prado CM, Skeidsvoll Solheim T, Arends J, Hopkinson J, Jones CA, Schlögl M. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Cachexia. J Palliat Med 2023; 26:1133-1138. [PMID: 36723498 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is common in cancer and chronic disease. It is often underdiagnosed and therefore goes untreated or undertreated. Cachexia causes suffering across biopsychosocial domains and affects patients and their loved ones. In this article, a group of clinicians and researchers across cancer care, nutrition, and exercise offers tips about assessment, classification, and management of cachexia, with attention to its stage. The required multimodal management of cachexia mirrors well the interprofessional collaboration that is the mainstay of interdisciplinary palliative care and attention to screening, diagnosis, and management of cachexia is critical to maximize patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blum
- Competence Center for Palliative Care, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich UZH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ola Magne Vagnildhaug
- European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Birgitte Stene
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthew Maddocks
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Barry J A Laird
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carla M Prado
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jann Arends
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jane Hopkinson
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mathias Schlögl
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic Barmelweid, Barmelweid, Switzerland
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195
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Takahashi T, Ando Y, Ichikawa H, Tsuneyama K, Hijikata T. Serum/glucose starvation strikingly reduces heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein and its target, cyclin D1. FEBS J 2023; 290:4126-4144. [PMID: 37095740 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation to explore cellular alterations related to undernutrition in cancer cells revealed that the protein level of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is drastically decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Its loss was reversible, serum/glucose starvation-specific and universal throughout cell types and species. The hnRNP A1 mRNA level and hnRNP A1 mRNA/protein stability were not altered under this condition. CCND1 mRNA, which we newly identified as the binding target of hnRNP A1, was decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Under similar conditions, CCND1 protein was reduced in vitro and in vivo, whereas hnRNP A1 mRNA level and CCND1 mRNA level revealed no correlation in most clinical samples. Functional analyses revealed that CCND1 mRNA stability is certainly dependent on hnRNP A1 protein level and that RNA recognition motif-1 (RRM1) in hnRNP A1 plays a central role in maintaining CCND1 mRNA stability and subsequent protein expression. The injection of RRM1-deleted hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells in the mouse xenograft model did not form any tumours, and that of hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells retained CCND1 expression at the lesion adjacent to necrosis with a slight increase in tumour volume. Furthermore, RRM1 deletion caused growth suppression with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, whereas CCND1 restoration completely recovered it. Our results indicate that serum/glucose starvation triggers entire hnRNP A1 protein loss, and its loss may play a role in CCND1 mRNA destabilization and CCND1-mediated cellular event inhibition, i.e. growth promotion, apoptosis induction and autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ando
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
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196
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Goto H. Outcomes of Cancer Patients Who Seek Outpatient Visits Despite Post-chemotherapy Decline. Cureus 2023; 15:e42969. [PMID: 37671222 PMCID: PMC10475344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medical needs of cancer patients are complex and increase with the disease's progression. However, Japan's aging population and increased medical needs have produced challenges like a shortage of hospital beds. Therefore, patients who have completed chemotherapy are recommended home-based care or referred to local palliative care facilities, especially when cancer treatment is no longer a viable option and outpatient visits become unfeasible. However, some patients still strive to continue outpatient visits, which could result in increased pain and possible urgent hospitalization. These patients may spend their final days in the hospital, which may not have been their desired outcome. Therefore, we examined the outcomes of patients who were recommended home-based care. METHODS The study population comprised 34 cancer patients undergoing treatment at the Oncology Outpatient Department of Edogawa Hospital who were recommended home-based care owing to their difficulty attending outpatient visits. Data regarding home-based care recommendations were obtained from the lists of medical social welfare interventions and hospitalized patients. Patients were classified based on whether they opted for home-based care and their caregivers' caregiving capacity. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and the log-rank test, and the groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The median interval between the initial consultation with an oncologist and the date of recommendation for home-based care was six and a half months. Home-based care was mostly recommended because of the progression of cachexia (23 cases) and the worsening of symptoms (11 cases). The median survival for the groups with cachexia and worsening symptoms was 25 days and 35 days, respectively. Ten patients refused home-based care. Of them, six refused it because they wished to continue with outpatient visits. Of the home-based care group (24 patients), only one required an emergency room (ER) visit, while four of the non-home-based care group required ER visits. Regarding end-of-life care, 19 from the home-based care group and four from the non-home-based care group received end-of-life care at home. Additionally, one of the two patients who lived alone and two of the six patients whose caregivers were deemed to have insufficient caregiving capacity received end-of-life care at home. Of the remaining 24 patients, 22 received end-of-life care at home. CONCLUSION The short survival period of the group with cachexia indicates that it would be beneficial for patients, their family members, and home-based care providers to facilitate earlier referral to home-based care. However, while home-based care is beneficial for patients who wish to spend their final days at home and for their family members, short-term and achievable goals, such as attending the next outpatient visit, may alleviate anxiety in cancer patients and enable them to live their daily lives without constant awareness of death. Additionally, while non-home-based care could lead to extended pain due to the lack of readily accessible medical personnel, ER visits, and hospital-based end-of-life care, home-based care can be mentally and physically strenuous for the primary caregiver. Therefore, comprehensive information about palliative care options should be provided early on during the outpatient visits of cancer patients who wish for home-based care for informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Goto
- Oncology and Hematology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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197
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Muscaritoli M, Imbimbo G, Jager-Wittenaar H, Cederholm T, Rothenberg E, di Girolamo FG, Amabile MI, Sealy M, Schneider S, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Molfino A. Disease-related malnutrition with inflammation and cachexia. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1475-1479. [PMID: 37302879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, the definition of cachexia was jointly developed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) Special Interest Groups (SIG) "Cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "Nutrition in geriatrics". Cachexia was considered as a synonym of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with inflammation by the ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Starting from these concepts and taking into account the available evidence the SIG "Cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" conducted several meetings throughout 2020-2022 to discuss the similarities and differences between cachexia and DRM, the role of inflammation in DRM, and how it can be assessed. Moreover, in line with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework, in the future the SIG proposes to develop a prediction score to quantify the individual and combined effect(s) of multiple muscle and fat catabolic mechanisms, reduced food intake or assimilation and inflammation, which variably contribute to the cachectic/malnourished phenotype. This DRM/cachexia risk prediction score could consider the factors related to the direct mechanisms of muscle catabolism separately from those related to the reduction of nutrient intake and assimilation. Novel perspectives in the field of DRM with inflammation and cachexia were identified and described in the report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Research Unit Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Theme Inflammation & Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martine Sealy
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nice University Hospital, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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198
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Rentz LE, Whetsell MA, Clayton SA, Mizener AD, Holásková I, Chapa MG, Hoblitzell EH, Eubank TD, Pistilli EE. Sexual Dimorphism of Skeletal Muscle in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer: A Functional and Molecular Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11669. [PMID: 37511427 PMCID: PMC10380440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence in men is statistically rare; however, given the lack of screening in males, more advanced stages at initial diagnosis result in lower 5-year survival rates for men with breast cancer compared to women. A sexual dimorphism, with respect to the effect of tumor growth on cachexia incidence and severity, has also been reported across cancer types. The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual dimorphism of breast cancer as it pertains to skeletal muscle function and molecular composition. Using female and male transgenic PyMT mice, we tested the hypothesis that the isometric contractile properties and molecular composition of skeletal muscle would be differentially affected by breast tumors. PyMT tumor-bearing mice of each sex, corresponding to maximal tumor burden, were compared to their respective controls. RNA sequencing of skeletal muscle revealed different pathway alterations that were exclusive to each sex. Further, differentially expressed genes and pathways were substantially more abundant in female tumor mice, with only minimal dysregulation in male tumor mice, each compared to their respective controls. These differences in the transcriptome were mirrored in isometric contractile properties, with greater tumor-induced dysfunction in females than male mice, as well as muscle wasting. Collectively, these data support the concept of sexually dimorphic responses to cancer in skeletal muscle and suggest that these responses may be associated with the clinical differences in breast cancer between the sexes. The identified sex-dependent pathways within the muscle of male and female mice provide a framework to evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-associated skeletal muscle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Rentz
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (L.E.R.); (M.A.W.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Marcella A. Whetsell
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (L.E.R.); (M.A.W.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Stuart A. Clayton
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (L.E.R.); (M.A.W.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Alan D. Mizener
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (A.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (T.D.E.)
| | - Ida Holásková
- Office of Statistics, West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Matthew G. Chapa
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (A.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (T.D.E.)
| | - Emily H. Hoblitzell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (A.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (T.D.E.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Emidio E. Pistilli
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (L.E.R.); (M.A.W.); (S.A.C.)
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (A.D.M.); (M.G.C.); (T.D.E.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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199
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Hardt LM, Herrmann HJ, Reljic D, Jaensch P, Zerth J, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Are Guideline Recommendations on Supportive Nutrition and Exercise Therapy for Cancer Patients Implemented in Clinical Routine? A National Survey with Real-Life Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:3172. [PMID: 37513591 PMCID: PMC10383016 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and cancer cachexia are highly prevalent comorbidities of cancer, limiting patients' quality of life and being relevant to prognosis. International and national clinical guidelines recommend supportive nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients. However, there is little current epidemiological evidence on the implementation of these guideline recommendations in clinical routine. To close this data gap, a national survey in Germany using an online questionnaire was conducted. There were 261 of a total of 5074 contacted hospitals and medical offices who participated in the survey (5.1% response rate). The data indicated that nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients is so far inadequately implemented, with 59% of the respondents reporting nutrition therapy as an integral part of oncological treatment, 66.7% having a nutrition specialist/team, and 65.1% routinely conducting a screening for nutritional status. Only half of the participants stated that there are defined goals in nutrition therapy. The majority of respondents (85.8%) generally recommend exercise therapy, but only a few of them provide specific offers at their own institution (19.6%) or at cooperation partners (31.7%). In order to implement the recommended combined nutrition and exercise therapy as part of regular care, there is a need for nationwide availability of multidisciplinary nutrition teams and targeted offers of individualized exercise therapy. Health policy support would be important to create the structural, financial, and staff conditions for appropriate guideline implementation in order to achieve the optimal treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Hardt
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Jaensch
- IDC Research Institute, SRH University Wilhelm Löhe, 90763 Fürth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zerth
- IDC Research Institute, SRH University Wilhelm Löhe, 90763 Fürth, Germany
- Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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200
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Okui T, Hiasa M, Hata K, Roodman GD, Nakanishi M, Yoneda T. The acid-sensing nociceptor TRPV1 controls breast cancer progression in bone via regulating HGF secretion from sensory neurons. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3105966. [PMID: 37461623 PMCID: PMC10350177 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3105966/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancers showing excessive innervation of sensory neurons (SN) in their microenvironments are associated with poor outcomes due to promoted growth, increased tumor recurrence, metastasis, and cancer pain, suggesting SNs play a regulatory role in cancer aggressiveness. Using a preclinical model in which mouse 4T1 breast cancer (BC) cells were injected into the bone marrow of tibiae, we found 4T1 BC cells aggressively colonized bone with bone destruction and subsequently spread to the lung. Of note, 4T1 BC colonization induced the acidic tumor microenvironment in bone in which SNs showed increased innervation and excitation with elevated expression of the acid-sensing nociceptor transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), eliciting bone pain (BP) assessed by mechanical hypersensitivity. Further, these excited SNs produced increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Importantly, the administration of synthetic and natural TRPV1 antagonists and genetic deletion of TRPV1 decreased HGF production in SNs and inhibited 4T1 BC colonization in bone, pulmonary metastasis from bone, and BP induction. Our results suggest the TRPV1 of SNs promotes BC colonization in bone and lung metastasis via up-regulating HGF production in SNs. The SN TRPV1 may be a novel therapeutic target for BC growing in the acidic bone microenvironment and for BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kenji Hata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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