151
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Redpath AN, Smart N. Recapturing embryonic potential in the adult epicardium: Prospects for cardiac repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:511-521. [PMID: 33222384 PMCID: PMC7980211 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into potential targets for cardiac repair encompasses recognition of tissue‐resident cells with intrinsic regenerative properties. The adult vertebrate heart is covered by mesothelium, named the epicardium, which becomes active in response to injury and contributes to repair, albeit suboptimally. Motivation to manipulate the epicardium for treatment of myocardial infarction is deeply rooted in its central role in cardiac formation and vasculogenesis during development. Moreover, the epicardium is vital to cardiac muscle regeneration in lower vertebrate and neonatal mammalian‐injured hearts. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biology of the mammalian epicardium in development and injury. Considering present challenges in the field, we further contemplate prospects for reinstating full embryonic potential in the adult epicardium to facilitate cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andia N Redpath
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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152
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Paik DT, Tian L, Williams IM, Rhee S, Zhang H, Liu C, Mishra R, Wu SM, Red-Horse K, Wu JC. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unveils Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of Organ-Specific Endothelial Cells. Circulation 2020; 142:1848-1862. [PMID: 32929989 PMCID: PMC7658053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) display considerable functional heterogeneity depending on the vessel and tissue in which they are located. Whereas these functional differences are presumably imprinted in the transcriptome, the pathways and networks that sustain EC heterogeneity have not been fully delineated. METHODS To investigate the transcriptomic basis of EC specificity, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from tissue-specific mouse ECs generated by the Tabula Muris consortium. We used a number of bioinformatics tools to uncover markers and sources of EC heterogeneity from single-cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS We found a strong correlation between tissue-specific EC transcriptomic measurements generated by either single-cell RNA sequencing or bulk RNA sequencing, thus validating the approach. Using a graph-based clustering algorithm, we found that certain tissue-specific ECs cluster strongly by tissue (eg, liver, brain), whereas others (ie, adipose, heart) have considerable transcriptomic overlap with ECs from other tissues. We identified novel markers of tissue-specific ECs and signaling pathways that may be involved in maintaining their identity. Sex was a considerable source of heterogeneity in the endothelial transcriptome and we discovered Lars2 to be a gene that is highly enriched in ECs from male mice. We found that markers of heart and lung ECs in mice were conserved in human fetal heart and lung ECs. We identified potential angiocrine interactions between tissue-specific ECs and other cell types by analyzing ligand and receptor expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS We used single-cell RNA sequencing data generated by the Tabula Muris consortium to uncover transcriptional networks that maintain tissue-specific EC identity and to identify novel angiocrine and functional relationships between tissue-specific ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian M. Williams
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ridhima Mishra
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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153
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Li H, Liu C, Bao M, Liu W, Nie Y, Lian H, Hu S. Optimized Langendorff perfusion system for cardiomyocyte isolation in adult mouse heart. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14619-14625. [PMID: 33147379 PMCID: PMC7754046 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of single‐cell sequencing technology, the Langendorff perfusion system has emerged as a common approach to decompose cardiac tissue and obtain living cardiomyocytes to study cardiovascular disease with the mechanism of cardiomyocyte biology. However, the traditional Langendorff perfusion system is difficult to master, and further, the viability and purity of cardiomyocytes are frequently unable to meet sequencing requirements due to complicated devices and manipulate processes. Here, we provide an optimized Langendorff perfusion system with a simplified and standardized operating protocol which utilizes gravity as the perfusion pressure, includes a novel method for bubbles removing and standardizes the criteria for termination of digestion. We obtained stable cardiomyocyte with high viability and purity after multiple natural gravity sedimentation. The combination of the optimized Langendorff perfusion system and the multiple natural gravity sedimentation provides a stable system for isolating adult mouse heart, which will provide higher‐quality cardiomyocytes for further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chungeng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
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154
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Castrillon JA, Eng C, Cheng F. Pharmacogenomics for immunotherapy and immune-related cardiotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R186-R196. [PMID: 32620943 PMCID: PMC7574958 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard of care in a subset of solid tumors. Although cancer survivorship has extended, rates of durable response of ICB remain poor; furthermore, cardiac adverse effects are emerging, which impact several mechanical aspects of the heart. Cardio-oncology programs implement a clinical assessment to curtail cardiovascular disease progression but are limited to the current clinical parameters used in cardiology. Pharmacogenomics provides the potential to unveil heritable and somatic genetic variations for guiding precision immunotherapy treatment to reduce the risk of immune-related cardiotoxicity. A better understanding of pharmacogenomics will optimize the current treatment selection and dosing of immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the recent pharmacogenomics studies in immunotherapy responsiveness and its related cardiotoxicity and highlight how patient genetics and epigenetics can facilitate researchers and clinicians in designing new approaches for precision immunotherapy. We highlight and discuss how single-cell technologies, human-induced pluripotent stem cells and systems pharmacogenomics accelerate future studies of precision cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Castrillon
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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155
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Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Benedito R. Endothelial sprouting, proliferation, or senescence: tipping the balance from physiology to pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1329-1354. [PMID: 33078209 PMCID: PMC7904752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of vascular cell proliferation and migration is essential for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer or its induction in cardiovascular disease. The general view is that an increase in vascular growth factor levels or mitogenic stimulation is beneficial for angiogenesis, since it leads to an increase in both endothelial proliferation and sprouting. However, several recent studies showed that an increase in mitogenic stimuli can also lead to the arrest of angiogenesis. This is due to the existence of intrinsic signaling feedback loops and cell cycle checkpoints that work in synchrony to maintain a balance between endothelial proliferation and sprouting. This balance is tightly and effectively regulated during tissue growth and is often deregulated or impaired in disease. Most therapeutic strategies used so far to promote vascular growth simply increase mitogenic stimuli, without taking into account its deleterious effects on this balance and on vascular cells. Here, we review the main findings on the mechanisms controlling physiological vascular sprouting, proliferation, and senescence and how those mechanisms are often deregulated in acquired or congenital cardiovascular disease leading to a diverse range of pathologies. We also discuss alternative approaches to increase the effectiveness of pro-angiogenic therapies in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mühleder
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Fernández-Chacón
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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156
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Rhee JW, Ky B, Armenian SH, Yancy CW, Wu JC. Primer on Biomarker Discovery in Cardio-Oncology: Application of Omics Technologies. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2020; 2:379-384. [PMID: 33073248 PMCID: PMC7560982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bonnie Ky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saro H Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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157
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Schmid C, Wohnhaas CT, Hildebrandt T, Baum P, Rast G. Characterization of iCell cardiomyocytes using single-cell RNA-sequencing methods. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106915. [PMID: 32871229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are being evaluated for their use in pharmacological and toxicological testing, particularly for electrophysiological side effects. However, little is known about the composition of the commercially available iCell cardiomyocyte (Fuijifilm Cellular Dynamics) cultures and the transcriptomic phenotype of individual cells. METHODS We characterized iCell cardiomyocytes (assumed to be a mixture of nodal-, atrial-, and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes together with potential residual non-myocytes) using bulk RNA-sequencing, followed by investigation of cellular heterogeneity using two different single-cell RNA-sequencing platforms. RESULTS Bulk RNA-sequencing identified key cardiac markers (TNNT2, MYL7) as well as fibroblast associated genes (P4HB, VIM), and cardiac ion channels in the iCell cardiomyocyte culture. High-resolution single cell RNA-sequencing demonstrated that both, cardiac and fibroblast-related genes were co-expressed throughout the cell population. This approach resolved two cell clusters within iCell cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, these clusters could not be associated with known cardiac subtypes. However, transcripts of ion channels potentially useful as functional markers for cardiac subtypes were below the detection limits of the single-cell approaches used. Instead, one cluster (10.8% of the cells) is defined by co-expression of cardiac and cell cycle-related genes (e.g. TOP2A). Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine further confirmed the capability of iCell cardiomyocytes to enter cell cycle. DISCUSSION The co-expression of cardiac related genes with cell cycle or fibroblast related genes may be interpreted either as aberrant or as an immature feature. However, this excludes the presence of a non-cardiomyocyte sub-population and indicates that some cardiomyocytes themselves enter cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Christian T Wohnhaas
- Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Baum
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Georg Rast
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany.
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158
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Zhang JX, Lau E, Paik DT, Zhuge Y, Wu JC. High-throughput Preparation of DNA, RNA, and Protein from Cryopreserved Human iPSCs for Multi-omics Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e114. [PMID: 32584494 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the procedure to isolate genomic DNA, RNA, and protein directly from cryopreserved induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) vials using commercially available solid-phase extraction kits, and we report the relationship between macromolecule yields and experimental and storage factors. Sufficient quantities of DNA, RNA, and protein are recoverable from as low as 1 million cryopreserved cells across 728 distinct iPSC lines suitable for whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry experiments. Nucleic acids extracted from iPSC stocks cryopreserved up to 4 years maintain sufficient quantity and integrity for downstream analysis with minimal genomic DNA fragmentation. An expected positive correlation exists between cell count and DNA or RNA yield, with comparable yields recovered between cells across different cryostorage timespans. This article provides an effective way to simultaneously isolate iPSC biomolecules for multi-omics investigations. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: QIAshredder and AllPrep DNA/RNA/protein mini kit extraction and subsequent DNA quantification and quality analysis Basic Protocol 2: Broad-range RNA quantification and quality assay using QuBit 4 Fluorometer and associated kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edward Lau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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159
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Xu Y, Rong J, Zhang Z. The emerging role of angiotensinogen in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:68-78. [PMID: 32572956 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the unique precursor of all angiotensin peptides. Many of the basic understandings of AGT in cardiovascular diseases have come from research efforts to define its effects on blood pressure regulation. The development of novel techniques targeting AGT manipulation such as genetic animal models, adeno-associated viral approaches, and antisense oligonucleotides made it possible to deeply investigate the relationship between AGT and cardiovascular diseases. In this brief review, we provide contemporary insights into the emerging role of AGT in cardiovascular diseases. In light of the recent progress, we emphasize some newly recognized features and mechanisms of AGT in heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiabing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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160
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Padgett LE, Araujo DJ, Hedrick CC, Olingy CE. Functional crosstalk between T cells and monocytes in cancer and atherosclerosis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:297-308. [PMID: 32531833 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mir0420-076r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and monocyte-derived cells, including Mϕs and dendritic cells, exhibit a diverse array of phenotypic states that are dictated by their surrounding microenvironment. These cells direct T cell activation and function via cues that range from being immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory. Solid tumors and atherosclerotic plaques represent two pathological niches with distinct immune microenvironments. While monocytes and their progeny possess a phenotypic spectrum found within both disease contexts, most within tumors are pro-tumoral and support evasion of host immune responses by tumor cells. In contrast, monocyte-derived cells within atherosclerotic plaques are usually pro-atherogenic, pro-inflammatory, and predominantly directed against self-antigens. Consequently, cancer immunotherapies strive to enhance the immune response against tumor antigens, whereas atherosclerosis treatments seek to dampen the immune response against lipid antigens. Insights into monocyte-T cell interactions within these niches could thus inform therapeutic strategies for two immunologically distinct diseases. Here, we review monocyte diversity, interactions between monocytes and T cells within tumor and plaque microenvironments, how certain therapies have leveraged these interactions, and novel strategies to assay such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Padgett
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Araujo
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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