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Lee S, Vander Roest AS, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran SE, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Ruppel KM, Mack DL, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Spudich JA, Bernstein D. Incomplete-penetrant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation causes hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318413121. [PMID: 38683993 PMCID: PMC11087781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318413121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the pathogenicity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) can be challenging due to its variable penetrance and clinical severity. This study investigates the early pathogenic effects of the incomplete-penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function that may trigger pathogenic adaptations and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the G256E mutation would alter myosin biomechanical function, leading to changes in cellular functions. We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function across protein, myofibril, cell, and tissue levels to determine the multiscale effects on structure-function of the contractile apparatus and its implications for gene regulation and metabolic state. The G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 33%, resulting in more myosin heads available for contraction. Myofibrils from gene-edited MYH7WT/G256E human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) exhibited greater and faster tension development. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. We demonstrated consistent hypercontractile myosin function as a primary consequence of the MYH7 G256E mutation across scales, highlighting the pathogenicity of this gene variant. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulated mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, indicating early bioenergetic alterations. This work highlights the benefit of our multiscale platform to systematically evaluate the pathogenicity of gene variants at the protein and contractile organelle level and their early consequences on cellular and tissue function. We believe this platform can help elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soah Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419South Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, South Korea
| | - Alison S. Vander Roest
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Cheavar A. Blair
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Samantha B. Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Matthew C. Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Divya Pathak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Saffie E. Mohran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | | | | | - James W. Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David T. Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Kathleen M. Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David L. Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - James A. Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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2
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Lee C, Xu S, Samad T, Goodyer WR, Raissadati A, Heinrich P, Wu SM. The cardiac conduction system: History, development, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:157-200. [PMID: 38556422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development, establishing the circulatory infrastructure necessary to sustain life and enable downstream organogenesis. Critical to the heart's function is its ability to initiate and propagate electrical impulses that allow for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of its chambers, and thus, the movement of blood and nutrients. Several specialized structures within the heart, collectively known as the cardiac conduction system (CCS), are responsible for this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss the discovery and scientific history of the mammalian cardiac conduction system as well as the key genes and transcription factors implicated in the formation of its major structures. We also describe known human diseases related to CCS development and explore existing challenges in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sidra Xu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tahmina Samad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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3
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Franquiz MJ, Waliany S, Xu AY, Hnatiuk A, Wu SM, Cheng P, Wakelee HA, Neal J, Witteles R, Zhu H. Osimertinib-Associated Cardiomyopathy In Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:839-841. [PMID: 38205011 PMCID: PMC10774774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Zhu
- Stanford Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Room 3500, Biomedical Innovations Building, Stanford, California 94304, USA @HanZhuMD
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4
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Liu N, Kawahira N, Nakashima Y, Nakano H, Iwase A, Uchijima Y, Wang M, Wu SM, Minamisawa S, Kurihara H, Nakano A. Notch and retinoic acid signals regulate macrophage formation from endocardium downstream of Nkx2-5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5398. [PMID: 37669937 PMCID: PMC10480477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitors are enriched in the endocardial cushion and contribute, in a Nkx2-5-dependent manner, to tissue macrophages required for the remodeling of cardiac valves and septa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of endocardial-hematopoietic transition. In the current study, we identified the regulatory network of endocardial hematopoiesis. Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. Genetic ablation study revealed that these macrophages are essential in cardiac valve remodeling. In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Liu
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naofumi Kawahira
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Haruko Nakano
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei Wang
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan.
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA.
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
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Sexton ZA, Hudson AR, Herrmann JE, Shiwarski DJ, Pham J, Szafron JM, Wu SM, Skylar-Scott M, Feinberg AW, Marsden A. Rapid model-guided design of organ-scale synthetic vasculature for biomanufacturing. ArXiv 2023:arXiv:2308.07586v1. [PMID: 37645046 PMCID: PMC10462165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to produce human-scale bio-manufactured organs is critically limited by the need for vascularization and perfusion. For tissues of variable size and shape, including arbitrarily complex geometries, designing and printing vasculature capable of adequate perfusion has posed a major hurdle. Here, we introduce a model-driven design pipeline combining accelerated optimization methods for fast synthetic vascular tree generation and computational hemodynamics models. We demonstrate rapid generation, simulation, and 3D printing of synthetic vasculature in complex geometries, from small tissue constructs to organ scale networks. We introduce key algorithmic advances that all together accelerate synthetic vascular generation by more than 230 -fold compared to standard methods and enable their use in arbitrarily complex shapes through localized implicit functions. Furthermore, we provide techniques for joining vascular trees into watertight networks suitable for hemodynamic CFD and 3D fabrication. We demonstrate that organ-scale vascular network models can be generated in silico within minutes and can be used to perfuse engineered and anatomic models including a bioreactor, annulus, bi-ventricular heart, and gyrus. We further show that this flexible pipeline can be applied to two common modes of bioprinting with free-form reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels and writing into soft matter. Our synthetic vascular tree generation pipeline enables rapid, scalable vascular model generation and fluid analysis for bio-manufactured tissues necessary for future scale up and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Sexton
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hudson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dan J. Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason M. Szafron
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Skylar-Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative Children’s Heart Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam W. Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Marsden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University, CA, USA
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6
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Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Lee S, Roest ASV, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran S, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Spudich JA, Ruppel K, Mack D, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Bernstein D. Multi-scale models reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation drives hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.08.544276. [PMID: 37333118 PMCID: PMC10274883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Over 200 mutations in the sarcomeric protein β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, different mutations in MYH7 lead to variable penetrance and clinical severity, and alter myosin function to varying degrees, making it difficult to determine genotype-phenotype relationships, especially when caused by rare gene variants such as the G256E mutation. Objective This study aims to determine the effects of low penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function. We hypothesize that the G256E mutation would alter myosin function, precipitating compensatory responses in cellular functions. Methods We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function at multiple scales (protein to myofibril to cell to tissue). We also used our previously published data on other mutations to compare the degree to which myosin function was altered. Results At the protein level, the G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 50.9%, suggesting more myosins available for contraction. Myofibrils isolated from hiPSC-CMs CRISPR-edited with G256E (MYH7 WT/G256E ) generated greater tension, had faster tension development and slower early phase relaxation, suggesting altered myosin-actin crossbridge cycling kinetics. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered bioenergetics as an early feature of HCM. Conclusions MYH7 G256E mutation causes structural instability in the transducer region, leading to hypercontractility across scales, perhaps from increased myosin recruitment and altered crossbridge cycling. Hypercontractile function of the mutant myosin was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration, while cellular hypertrophy was modest in the physiological stiffness environment. We believe that this multi-scale platform will be useful to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Seilheimer RL, McClard CK, Sabharwal J, Wu SM. Modulation of narrow-field amacrine cells on light-evoked spike responses and receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells. Vision Res 2023; 205:108186. [PMID: 36764009 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
By using multi-electrode array (MEA) recording technique in conjunction with white-noise checkerboard stimuli and reverse correlation methods, we studied modulatory actions of glycinergic narrow-field amacrine cells (NFACs) on spatiotemporal profiles of five functional groups of ganglion cells (GCs) in dark-adapted mouse retinas. We found that application of 2 µM strychnine significantly altered light-evoked spike rates of three groups of GCs. It also decreased receptive field center radii of all five groups of GC by a mean value of 11%, and shifted the GC receptive field (RF) centers of all GCs and the mean shift distances for the sustained GCs are significantly longer than the transient GCs. On the other hand, strychnine did not affect temporal profiles of the GC center responses, as it did not alter the time-to-peak or the biphasic index of the spike triggered average (STA) functions of GC RF centers. Strychnine also exerts limited actions on RF surrounds of most GCs, except that it moderately weakens the antagonistic surround of sustained OFF GCs and strengthens the antagonistic surround of the ON/OFF GCs, possibly through serial connections between NFACs and GABAergic wide-field amacrine cells (WFACs). Using the Sum of Separable Subfilter (SoSS) model and singular value decomposition method, we decomposed GCs' STAs into five space-time separable subfilters, studied the observation rates of each subfilter in the five functional groups of GCs and determined NFAC-dependent and -independent synaptic circuitries that mediate center and surround responses of various groups of mouse retina retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Seilheimer
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - C K McClard
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - J Sabharwal
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - S M Wu
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Wang LX, Li YP, Wu SM, Zhang JR, Kong L, Lu B, Liu FW, Li ZY. [Research progress on the role of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in skin scar formation]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:295-300. [PMID: 37805729 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220308-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The adipose-derived stem cell exosomes are subcellular structures of adipose stem cells. They are nano-sized membrane vesicles that can transport various cell components and act on target cells by paracrine, and they play an important role in the exchanges of substance and information between cells. Scar healing is the commonest way of healing after skin tissue injury. Pathological scar can not only cause movement dysfunction, but also lead to deformity, which affects the appearance of patients and brings life and mental pressure to the patients. In recent years, many researches have shown that the adipose-derived stem cell exosomes contain a variety of bioactive molecules, which play an important role in reducing scar formation and scar-free wound healing, by affecting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and the composition of extracellular matrix. This article reviewed the recent literature on the roles and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar formation, and prospected the future application and development of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Wang
- Basic Medical Science Academy of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - S M Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J R Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L Kong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - B Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - F W Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
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10
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Heinrich P, Wu SM. Effects of changes in myosin biomechanics on canonical and non-canonical signaling and HCM phenotypes. Biophys J 2023; 122:148a. [PMID: 36782681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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Zhu H, Huang YV, Wu SM. The potential of auto-antigen-guided treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated myocarditis. Med 2023; 4:13-14. [PMID: 36640753 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated myocarditis is a rare but devastating side effect of cancer immunotherapy with up to 40% mortality and long-term cardiac issues such as arrhythmias and heart failure in affected patients.1 Recently, Axelrod et al.2 suggested an auto-antigen-driven mechanism as the immunological basis for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Nguyen AT, Berry GJ, Witteles RM, Le DT, Wu SM, Fisher GA, Zhu H. Late-Onset Immunotherapy-Induced Myocarditis 2 Years After Checkpoint Inhibitor Initiation. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:727-730. [PMID: 36636432 PMCID: PMC9830192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gerald J. Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ronald M. Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dung T. Le
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - George A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr Han Zhu, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA. @HanZhuMD
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13
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Nguyen PK, Wu SM. Sex differences in ICI myocarditis: Hormones to the rescue. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eade4035. [PMID: 36322630 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones may account for sex differences observed in the prevalence and susceptibility of ICI myocarditis (Zhang et al., this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Goodyer WR, Beyersdorf BM, Duan L, van den Berg NS, Mantri S, Galdos FX, Puluca N, Buikema JW, Lee S, Salmi D, Robinson ER, Rogalla S, Cogan DP, Khosla C, Rosenthal EL, Wu SM. In vivo visualization and molecular targeting of the cardiac conduction system. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156955. [PMID: 35951416 PMCID: PMC9566899 DOI: 10.1172/jci156955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental injury to the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a network of specialized cells embedded within the heart and indistinguishable from the surrounding heart muscle tissue, is a major complication in cardiac surgeries. Here, we addressed this unmet need by engineering targeted antibody-dye conjugates directed against the CCS, allowing for the visualization of the CCS in vivo following a single intravenous injection in mice. These optical imaging tools showed high sensitivity, specificity, and resolution, with no adverse effects on CCS function. Further, with the goal of creating a viable prototype for human use, we generated a fully human monoclonal Fab that similarly targets the CCS with high specificity. We demonstrate that, when conjugated to an alternative cargo, this Fab can also be used to modulate CCS biology in vivo, providing a proof of principle for targeted cardiac therapeutics. Finally, in performing differential gene expression analyses of the entire murine CCS at single-cell resolution, we uncovered and validated a suite of additional cell surface markers that can be used to molecularly target the distinct subcomponents of the CCS, each prone to distinct life-threatening arrhythmias. These findings lay the foundation for translational approaches targeting the CCS for visualization and therapy in cardiothoracic surgery, cardiac imaging, and arrhythmia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Duan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nynke S. van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sruthi Mantri
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Francisco X. Galdos
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nazan Puluca
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Department of Cardiology, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Bioconvergence Program, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Elise R. Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dillon P. Cogan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eben L. Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Galdos FX, Xu S, Goodyer WR, Duan L, Huang YV, Lee S, Zhu H, Lee C, Wei N, Lee D, Wu SM. devCellPy is a machine learning-enabled pipeline for automated annotation of complex multilayered single-cell transcriptomic data. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5271. [PMID: 36071107 PMCID: PMC9452519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major informatic challenge in single cell RNA-sequencing analysis is the precise annotation of datasets where cells exhibit complex multilayered identities or transitory states. Here, we present devCellPy a highly accurate and precise machine learning-enabled tool that enables automated prediction of cell types across complex annotation hierarchies. To demonstrate the power of devCellPy, we construct a murine cardiac developmental atlas from published datasets encompassing 104,199 cells from E6.5-E16.5 and train devCellPy to generate a cardiac prediction algorithm. Using this algorithm, we observe a high prediction accuracy (>90%) across multiple layers of annotation and across de novo murine developmental data. Furthermore, we conduct a cross-species prediction of cardiomyocyte subtypes from in vitro-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells and unexpectedly uncover a predominance of left ventricular (LV) identity that we confirmed by an LV-specific TBX5 lineage tracing system. Together, our results show devCellPy to be a useful tool for automated cell prediction across complex cellular hierarchies, species, and experimental systems. A major informatic challenge in single cell RNA-sequencing analysis is the precise annotation of datasets where cells exhibit complex multilayered identities or transitory states. Here the authors present devCellPy, a Python-based package that enables the automated prediction of cell types across complex cellular hierarchies, species, and experimental systems with high accuracy, particularly for developmental scRNA-seq datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Galdos
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Sidra Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William R Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Lauren Duan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuhsin V Huang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Convergence, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Han Zhu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Carissa Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Wei
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA.
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16
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Lee S, Heinrich P, Lee D, Goodyer WR, Galdos FX, Zhu H, Samad T, Xu S, Lee C, Duan L, Wu SM. Abstract P1001: IGFBP2 Overcomes Cell Contact-mediated Proliferation Inhibition In Human IPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis:
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their derivatives provide a promising cellular source for regenerative cardiac therapies. However, generating large-scale hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) remains a major hurdle, caused, in part, by cell contact-driven proliferation inhibition in dense culture conditions. We hypothesize that differentially-secreted factors in sparsely vs densely-cultured hiPSC-CMs are responsible for the increased proliferation rate in sparsely cultured hiPSC-CMs.
Methods:
We performed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to identify growth factors (GFs) released in the supernatant of sparsely- and densely-cultured hiPSC-CMs. Differential expression of candidate GFs in dense vs sparse culture conditions was confirmed by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), Western Blot (WB), and Immunocytochemistry (ICC) analyses. The confirmed GF hits were further validated by measuring the expression of the cell cycle marker Ki67 in hiPSC-CMs after GF treatment. The GF treatment effects on cell-cell contact was further explored mechanistically using siRNA-based N-cadherin (CDH2) knockdown (KD) model in vitro.
Results:
Our HTS assay identified IGFBP2, IGFBP6, PDGF-AA as top candidate GFs in the sparse culture supernatant. Subsequent WB, ICC, scRNAseq analyses confirmed 1.5, 3.5, 2.0-fold higher IGFBP2 expression in the sparse condition compared to the dense condition. Supplementation of recombinant IGFBP2 to densely cultured hiPSC-CMs showed a dosage-dependent increase in Ki67 expression level from 13.0 +/- 1.4% in control to 44.1 +/- 8.4% after 3nM IGFBP2 treatment, a level comparable to that achieved in sparse culture. Mechanistically, IGFBP2 treatment resulted in a shift of CDH2 localization from cell-cell junction to the cytoplasm. Reducing CDH2 expression by CDH2-KD to mimic loss of cell-cell contact promoted hiPSC-CM proliferation.
Conclusion:
We discovered an unexpected role of IGFBP2 to overcome cell contact-mediated inhibition of hiPSC-CM proliferation which provides a promising new approach to engineer in situ large-scale 3D cardiac tissues for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soah Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - William R Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Han Zhu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tahmina Samad
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sidra Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Carissa Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lauren Duan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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17
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Zhu H, Galdos FX, Lee D, Waliany S, Huang YV, Ryan J, Dang K, Neal JW, Wakelee HA, Reddy SA, Srinivas S, Lin LL, Witteles RM, Maecker HT, Davis MM, Nguyen PK, Wu SM. Identification of Pathogenic Immune Cell Subsets Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis. Circulation 2022; 146:316-335. [PMID: 35762356 PMCID: PMC9397491 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies used to activate the immune system against tumor cells. Despite therapeutic benefits, ICIs have the potential to cause immune-related adverse events such as myocarditis, a rare but serious side effect with up to 50% mortality in affected patients. Histologically, patients with ICI myocarditis have lymphocytic infiltrates in the heart, implicating T cell-mediated mechanisms. However, the precise pathological immune subsets and molecular changes in ICI myocarditis are unknown. METHODS To identify immune subset(s) associated with ICI myocarditis, we performed time-of-flight mass cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 52 individuals: 29 patients with autoimmune adverse events (immune-related adverse events) on ICI, including 8 patients with ICI myocarditis, and 23 healthy control subjects. We also used multiomics single-cell technology to immunophenotype 30 patients/control subjects using single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing, and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing with feature barcoding for surface marker expression confirmation. To correlate between the blood and the heart, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing/T-cell receptor sequencing/cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing on MRL/Pdcd1-/- (Murphy Roths large/programmed death-1-deficient) mice with spontaneous myocarditis. RESULTS Using these complementary approaches, we found an expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T effector cells re-expressing CD45RA (Temra CD8+ cells) in patients with ICI myocarditis compared with control subjects. T-cell receptor sequencing demonstrated that these CD8+ Temra cells were clonally expanded in patients with myocarditis compared with control subjects. Transcriptomic analysis of these Temra CD8+ clones confirmed a highly activated and cytotoxic phenotype. Longitudinal study demonstrated progression of these Temra CD8+ cells into an exhausted phenotype 2 months after treatment with glucocorticoids. Differential expression analysis demonstrated elevated expression levels of proinflammatory chemokines (CCL5/CCL4/CCL4L2) in the clonally expanded Temra CD8+ cells, and ligand receptor analysis demonstrated their interactions with innate immune cells, including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, as well as the absence of key anti-inflammatory signals. To complement the human study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing/T-cell receptor sequencing/cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing in Pdcd1-/- mice with spontaneous myocarditis and found analogous expansions of cytotoxic clonal effector CD8+ cells in both blood and hearts of such mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Clonal cytotoxic Temra CD8+ cells are significantly increased in the blood of patients with ICI myocarditis, corresponding to an analogous increase in effector cytotoxic CD8+ cells in the blood/hearts of Pdcd1-/- mice with myocarditis. These expanded effector CD8+ cells have unique transcriptional changes, including upregulation of chemokines CCL5/CCL4/CCL4L2, which may serve as attractive diagnostic/therapeutic targets for reducing life-threatening cardiac immune-related adverse events in ICI-treated patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Francisco X. Galdos
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sarah Waliany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Julia Ryan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Dang
- University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sunil A. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sandy Srinivas
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Checkpoint Immunology Cluster, Immunology and Inflammation, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronald M. Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94035
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA;,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, California 94305, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, California 94305, USA
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18
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Yu Z, Zhou X, Liu Z, Pastrana-Gomez V, Liu Y, Guo M, Tian L, Nelson TJ, Wang N, Mital S, Chitayat D, Wu JC, Rabinovitch M, Wu SM, Snyder MP, Miao Y, Gu M. KMT2D-NOTCH Mediates Coronary Abnormalities in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Circ Res 2022; 131:280-282. [PMID: 35762338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Yu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., Y.M., M.G.).,University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH (Z.Y., M.G., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., M.P.S.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Victor Pastrana-Gomez
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (Y.L., J.C.W., S.M.W.)
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH (Z.Y., M.G., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Lei Tian
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (T.J.N.).,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (T.J.N.).,General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (T.J.N.).,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (T.J.N.)
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis. (N.W.).,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis. (N.W.)
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. (S.M.)
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. (D.C.).,The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. (D.C.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (Y.L., J.C.W., S.M.W.).,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (J.C.W., S.M.W.).,Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (J.C.W.)
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (Y.L., J.C.W., S.M.W.).,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (J.C.W., S.M.W.).,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., M.P.S.)
| | - Yifei Miao
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., Y.M., M.G.).,University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH (Z.Y., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Z.Y., Z.L., V.P.-G., Y.M., M.G.).,University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH (Z.Y., M.G., Y.M., M.G.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (X.Z., Y.L., L.T., J.C.W., M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.).,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA. (M.R., S.M.W., Y.M., M.G.)
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19
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Li ST, Lin Y, Ou BX, Liu DE, Li QW, Nong YJ, Wu SM, Qiu ZX, Huang Z. [Effects of comprehensive treatment of infected wounds in patients with iatrogenic Cushing 's syndrome]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2022; 38:512-519. [PMID: 35764576 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220329-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and comprehensive treatment of infected wounds in patients with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From May 2012 to December 2021, the data of 19 patients with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome discharged from the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were collected, including 8 males and 11 females, aged 28-71 (56±11) years, with 12 cases of infected acute wounds and 7 cases of infected chronic wounds. The lesions were located in the limbs, perianal, and sacrococcygeal regions, with original infection ranging from 9 cm×5 cm to 85 cm×45 cm. After admission, the patients were performed with multidisciplinary assisted diagnosis and treatment, and the wounds were treated with debridement and vacuum sealing drainage, according to the size, severity of infection, suture tension, and bone and tendon tissue exposure of wounds, direct suture or autologous skin and/or artificial dermis and/or autologous tissue flap transplantation was selected for wound repair. The levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of patients at 8:00, 16:00, and 24:00 within 24 h after admission were counted. After admission, the number of operations, wound repair methods, and wound and skin/flap donor site healing of patients were recorded. During follow-up, the wounds were observed for recurrent infection. Results: The cortisol levels of 16 patients at 8:00, 16:00, and 24:00 within 24 h after admission were (130±54), (80±16), and (109±39) nmol/L, respectively, and ACTH levels were (7.2±2.8), (4.1±1.8), and (6.0±3.0) pg/mL, respectively; and the other 3 patients had no such statistical results. After admission, the number of surgical operation for patients was 3.4±0.9. The following methods were used for wound repair, including direct suturing in 4 cases and autologous skin and/or artificial dermis grafting in 9 cases, of which 2 cases underwent stage Ⅱ autologous skin grafting after artificial dermis grafting in stage Ⅰ, and 6 cases had pedicled retrograde island flap+autologous skin grafting. The wound healing was observed, showing that all directly sutured wounds healed well; the wounds in 6 cases of autologous skin and/or artificial dermis grafting healed well, and the wounds in 3 cases also healed well after the secondary skin grafting; the flaps in 4 cases survived well with the wounds in 2 cases with distal perforators flap arteries circumfluence obstacle of posterior leg healed after stage Ⅱ debridement and autologous skin grafting. The healing status of skin/flap donor sites was followed showing that the donor sites of medium-thickness skin grafts in the thigh of 4 cases were well healed after transplanted with autologous split-thickness grafts from scalp; the donor sites of medium-thickness skin grafts in 3 cases did not undergo split-thickness skin grafting, of which 2 cases had poor healing but healed well after secondary skin grafting 2 weeks after surgery; the donor sites of split-thickness skin grafts in the head of 2 patients healed well; and all donor sites of flaps healed well after autologous skin grafting. During follow-up of more than half a year, 3 gout patients were hospitalized again for surgical treatment due to gout stone rupture, 4 patients were hospitalized again for surgical treatment due to infection, and no recurrent infection was found in the rest of patients. Conclusions: The infected wounds in patients with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome have poor ability to regenerate and are prone to repeated infection. Local wound treatment together with multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment should be performed to control infection and close wounds in a timely manner, so as to maximize the benefits of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - B X Ou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - D E Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Q W Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y J Nong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - S M Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Z X Qiu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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20
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Jones RC, Karkanias J, Krasnow MA, Pisco AO, Quake SR, Salzman J, Yosef N, Bulthaup B, Brown P, Harper W, Hemenez M, Ponnusamy R, Salehi A, Sanagavarapu BA, Spallino E, Aaron KA, Concepcion W, Gardner JM, Kelly B, Neidlinger N, Wang Z, Crasta S, Kolluru S, Morri M, Pisco AO, Tan SY, Travaglini KJ, Xu C, Alcántara-Hernández M, Almanzar N, Antony J, Beyersdorf B, Burhan D, Calcuttawala K, Carter MM, Chan CKF, Chang CA, Chang S, Colville A, Crasta S, Culver RN, Cvijović I, D'Amato G, Ezran C, Galdos FX, Gillich A, Goodyer WR, Hang Y, Hayashi A, Houshdaran S, Huang X, Irwin JC, Jang S, Juanico JV, Kershner AM, Kim S, Kiss B, Kolluru S, Kong W, Kumar ME, Kuo AH, Leylek R, Li B, Loeb GB, Lu WJ, Mantri S, Markovic M, McAlpine PL, de Morree A, Morri M, Mrouj K, Mukherjee S, Muser T, Neuhöfer P, Nguyen TD, Perez K, Phansalkar R, Pisco AO, Puluca N, Qi Z, Rao P, Raquer-McKay H, Schaum N, Scott B, Seddighzadeh B, Segal J, Sen S, Sikandar S, Spencer SP, Steffes LC, Subramaniam VR, Swarup A, Swift M, Travaglini KJ, Van Treuren W, Trimm E, Veizades S, Vijayakumar S, Vo KC, Vorperian SK, Wang W, Weinstein HNW, Winkler J, Wu TTH, Xie J, Yung AR, Zhang Y, Detweiler AM, Mekonen H, Neff NF, Sit RV, Tan M, Yan J, Bean GR, Charu V, Forgó E, Martin BA, Ozawa MG, Silva O, Tan SY, Toland A, Vemuri VNP, Afik S, Awayan K, Botvinnik OB, Byrne A, Chen M, Dehghannasiri R, Detweiler AM, Gayoso A, Granados AA, Li Q, Mahmoudabadi G, McGeever A, de Morree A, Olivieri JE, Park M, Pisco AO, Ravikumar N, Salzman J, Stanley G, Swift M, Tan M, Tan W, Tarashansky AJ, Vanheusden R, Vorperian SK, Wang P, Wang S, Xing G, Xu C, Yosef N, Alcántara-Hernández M, Antony J, Chan CKF, Chang CA, Colville A, Crasta S, Culver R, Dethlefsen L, Ezran C, Gillich A, Hang Y, Ho PY, Irwin JC, Jang S, Kershner AM, Kong W, Kumar ME, Kuo AH, Leylek R, Liu S, Loeb GB, Lu WJ, Maltzman JS, Metzger RJ, de Morree A, Neuhöfer P, Perez K, Phansalkar R, Qi Z, Rao P, Raquer-McKay H, Sasagawa K, Scott B, Sinha R, Song H, Spencer SP, Swarup A, Swift M, Travaglini KJ, Trimm E, Veizades S, Vijayakumar S, Wang B, Wang W, Winkler J, Xie J, Yung AR, Artandi SE, Beachy PA, Clarke MF, Giudice LC, Huang FW, Huang KC, Idoyaga J, Kim SK, Krasnow M, Kuo CS, Nguyen P, Quake SR, Rando TA, Red-Horse K, Reiter J, Relman DA, Sonnenburg JL, Wang B, Wu A, Wu SM, Wyss-Coray T. The Tabula Sapiens: A multiple-organ, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of humans. Science 2022; 376:eabl4896. [PMID: 35549404 PMCID: PMC9812260 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of cell types using single-cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues, and tissue-specific variation in gene expression. Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, identification of the tissue-specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. Cell type-specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual.
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21
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Maas R, Lee S, Harakalova M, Goodyer WR, Doevendans PFM, Van Der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Sluijter JPG, Wu SM, Buikema JB. Massive expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells resulting in efficient biobanking and functional 3D tissue analysis of genetic cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Over the past decade, various protocols were established to ensure efficient differentiation of hiPSC into cardiomyocytes (CMs). A major limitation, however, remained the batch-to-batch variability of hiPSC-CM efficiency and cell number. Here, we suggest an approach in which concomitant GSK-3β inhibition and removal of cell-cell contact inhibition, resulted in a massive proliferative response of hiPSC-CMs1–3. This efficient method allows expansion and passaging of functional hiPSC-CMs, that routinely can be cryopreserved and subsequently used as a stable cell source for the downstream applications, such 3D in vitro models for the disease modelling of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We focussed on the deletion of arginine 14 in the PLN gene (R14del), which is associated with severe heart failure in DCM patients, associated with arrhythmias, cardiac fibrosis and premature death.
Methods
Subsequent expansion of hiPSC-CM cultures is generally modest (<10 fold). Here, we describe a cost-effective strategy for massive expansion (up to 250-fold) of high-purity hiPSC-CMs relying on two aspects; 1) inhibition of cell-cell contact via low-density seeding and serial passaging in culture flask-format, 2)small molecular glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition with CHIR99021 (CHIR). Patient-specific hiPSC-CMs harbouring a PLNR14del mutation were generated and used for EHT formation and functional follow-up.
Results
We observed that proliferating hiPSC-CMs, especially within the first 2 passages, can routinely be cryopreserved and subsequently further expanded or utilized in downstream applications. Moreover, using this strategy, it is possible to produce ultimately >1 billion CMs within 3–5 weeks starting with one differentiation batch of day 11 hiPSC-CMs, without the need for cell sorting or selection. Expanded hiPSC-CMs retain their capacity to mature and allows fibrin-based engineered heart tissues (EHTs) formation. Previously expanded CMs from PLNR14del patient-specific hiPSC were used to generate EHT and displayed a reduced force phenotype (0.137±0.012 mN) vs healthy control (0.229±0.030 mN) and isogenic control (0.224±0.008 mN) in previously expanded CMs.
Conclusion
We provpresent a novel strategy for the massive expansion of functional hiPSC-CMs with concomitant GSK-3β inhibition and low cell density culture that ultimately generates up to a 250-fold increase in hiPSC-CM numbers. Expansion healthy control hiPSC-CMs does not limit the subsequent maturation process, and moreover cells remain fully functional such as required for downstream tissue engineering approaches. Therefore, CM expansion forms a well-controlled platform for upscaling hiPSC-CM production for functional 3-dimensionale PLN cardiac disease models, large drug screenings and multiple translational/regenerative applications.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): PLN Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maas
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (The)
| | - S Lee
- School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - M Harakalova
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (The)
| | - W R Goodyer
- School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | | | - J Van Der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Physiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - F W Asselbergs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (The)
| | - J P G Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (The)
| | - S M Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - J B Buikema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (The)
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22
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Samad T, Wu SM. Single cell RNA sequencing approaches to cardiac development and congenital heart disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:129-135. [PMID: 34006454 PMCID: PMC8434959 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of single cell RNA sequencing technologies has accelerated the ability of scientists to understand healthy and disease states of the cardiovascular system. Congenital heart defects occur in approximately 40,000 births each year and 1 out of 4 children are born with critical congenital heart disease requiring surgical interventions and a lifetime of monitoring. An understanding of how the normal heart develops and how each cell contributes to normal and pathological anatomy is an important goal in pediatric cardiovascular research. Single cell sequencing has provided the tools to increase the ability to discover rare cell types and novel genes involved in normal cardiac development. Knowledge of gene expression of single cells within cardiac tissue has contributed to the understanding of how each cell type contributes to the anatomic structures of the heart. In this review, we summarize how single cell RNA sequencing has been utilized to understand cardiac developmental processes and congenital heart disease. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of whole cell versus single nuclei RNA sequencing and describe the approaches to analyze the interactomes, transcriptomes, and differentiation trajectory from single cell data. We summarize the currently available single cell RNA sequencing technologies and technical aspects of performing single cell analysis and how to overcome common obstacles. We also review data from the recently published human and mouse fetal heart atlases and advancements that have occurred within the field due to the application of these single cell tools. Finally we highlight the potential for single cell technologies to uncover novel mechanisms of disease pathogenesis by leveraging findings from genome wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Samad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Zhu H, Ivanovic M, Nguyen A, Nguyen PK, Wu SM. Immune checkpoint inhibitor cardiotoxicity: Breaking barriers in the cardiovascular immune landscape. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:121-127. [PMID: 34303670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the landscape of cancer therapy, but their use carries a high risk of cardiac immune related adverse events (iRAEs). With the expanding utilization of ICI therapy, there is a growing need to understand the underlying mechanisms behind their anti-tumor activity as well as their immune-mediated toxicities. In this review, we will focus on clinical characteristics and immune pathways of ICI cardiotoxicity, with an emphasis on single-cell technologies used to gain insights in this field. We will focus on three key areas of ICI-mediated immune pathways, including the anti-tumor immune response, the augmentation of the immune response by ICIs, and the pathologic "autoimmune" response in some individuals leading to immune-mediated toxicity, as well as local factors in the myocardial immune environment predisposing to autoimmunity. Discerning the underlying mechanisms of these immune pathways is necessary to inform the development of targeted therapies for ICI cardiotoxicities and reduce treatment related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Maja Ivanovic
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent technological advances have led to an increased ability to define the gene expression profile of the cardiac conduction system (CCS). Here, we review the most salient studies to emerge in recent years and discuss existing gaps in our knowledge as well as future areas of investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular profiling of the CCS spans several decades. However, the advent of high-throughput sequencing strategies has allowed for the discovery of unique transcriptional programs of the many diverse CCS cell types. The CCS, a diverse structure with significant inter- and intra-component cellular heterogeneity, is essential to the normal function of the heart. Progress in transcriptomic profiling has improved the resolution and depth of characterization of these unique and clinically relevant CCS cell types. Future studies leveraging this big data will play a crucial role in improving our understanding of CCS development and function as well as translating these findings into tangible translational tools for the improved detection, prevention, and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Mantri
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William R Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Room G1105 Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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25
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Waliany S, Neal JW, Reddy S, Wakelee H, Shah SA, Srinivas S, Padda SK, Fan AC, Colevas AD, Wu SM, Witteles RM, Zhu H. Myocarditis Surveillance with High-Sensitivity Troponin I During Cancer Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. JACC CardioOncol 2021; 3:137-139. [PMID: 33796869 PMCID: PMC8009332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Zhu
- Stanford School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA @HanZhuMD
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26
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Meerman M, Bracco Gartner TCL, Buikema JW, Wu SM, Siddiqi S, Bouten CVC, Grande-Allen KJ, Suyker WJL, Hjortnaes J. Myocardial Disease and Long-Distance Space Travel: Solving the Radiation Problem. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:631985. [PMID: 33644136 PMCID: PMC7906998 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.631985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease is a well-known complication of radiation exposure. Over the last few years, planning for deep space missions has increased interest in the effects of space radiation on the cardiovascular system, as an increasing number of astronauts will be exposed to space radiation for longer periods of time. Research has shown that exposure to different types of particles found in space radiation can lead to the development of diverse cardiovascular disease via fibrotic myocardial remodeling, accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular damage. Several underlying mechanisms for radiation-induced cardiovascular disease have been identified, but many aspects of the pathophysiology remain unclear. Existing pharmacological compounds have been evaluated to protect the cardiovascular system from space radiation-induced damage, but currently no radioprotective compounds have been approved. This review critically analyzes the effects of space radiation on the cardiovascular system, the underlying mechanisms and potential countermeasures to space radiation-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Meerman
- Division Heart and Lung, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tom C L Bracco Gartner
- Division Heart and Lung, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division Heart and Lung, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lung, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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27
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Maas RGC, Lee S, Harakalova M, Snijders Blok CJB, Goodyer WR, Hjortnaes J, Doevendans PAFM, Van Laake LW, van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Wu JC, Sluijter JPG, Wu SM, Buikema JW. Massive expansion and cryopreservation of functional human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100334. [PMID: 33615277 PMCID: PMC7881265 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), numerous strategies have been established to efficiently derive cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs (hiPSC-CMs). Here, we describe a cost-effective strategy for the subsequent massive expansion (>250-fold) of high-purity hiPSC-CMs relying on two aspects: removal of cell-cell contacts and small-molecule inhibition with CHIR99021. The protocol maintains CM functionality, allows cryopreservation, and the cells can be used in downstream assays such as disease modeling, drug and toxicity screening, and cell therapy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Buikema (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G C Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Soah Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J B Snijders Blok
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William R Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart & Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A F M Doevendans
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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28
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Chirikian O, Goodyer WR, Dzilic E, Serpooshan V, Buikema JW, McKeithan W, Wu H, Li G, Lee S, Merk M, Galdos F, Beck A, Ribeiro AJS, Paige S, Mercola M, Wu JC, Pruitt BL, Wu SM. CRISPR/Cas9-based targeting of fluorescent reporters to human iPSCs to isolate atrial and ventricular-specific cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3026. [PMID: 33542270 PMCID: PMC7862643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has represented a significant advance in our ability to model cardiac disease. Current differentiation protocols, however, have limited use due to their production of heterogenous cell populations, primarily consisting of ventricular-like CMs. Here we describe the creation of two chamber-specific reporter hiPSC lines by site-directed genomic integration using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In the MYL2-tdTomato reporter, the red fluorescent tdTomato was inserted upstream of the 3′ untranslated region of the Myosin Light Chain 2 (MYL2) gene in order faithfully label hiPSC-derived ventricular-like CMs while avoiding disruption of endogenous gene expression. Similarly, in the SLN-CFP reporter, Cyan Fluorescent Protein (CFP) was integrated downstream of the coding region of the atrial-specific gene, Sarcolipin (SLN). Purification of tdTomato+ and CFP+ CMs using flow cytometry coupled with transcriptional and functional characterization validated these genetic tools for their use in the isolation of bona fide ventricular-like and atrial-like CMs, respectively. Finally, we successfully generated a double reporter system allowing for the isolation of both ventricular and atrial CM subtypes within a single hiPSC line. These tools provide a platform for chamber-specific hiPSC-derived CM purification and analysis in the context of atrial- or ventricular-specific disease and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Chirikian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biotechnology Graduate Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA.,Biomolecular, Science, and Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.,Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley McKeithan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - HaoDi Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Markus Merk
- Biomolecular, Science, and Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Galdos
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Beck
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biotechnology Graduate Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Sharon Paige
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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29
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Galdos FX, Darsha AK, Paige SL, Wu SM. Purification of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Integration of Fluorescent Reporters. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2158:223-240. [PMID: 32857377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0668-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have become critically important for the detailed study of cardiac development, disease modeling, and drug screening. However, directed differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes often results in mixed populations of cardiomyocytes and other cell types, which may confound experiments that require pure populations of cardiomyocytes. Here, we detail the use of a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing strategy to develop cardiomyocyte-specific reporters that allow for the isolation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and chamber-specific myocytes. Moreover, we describe a cardiac differentiation protocol to derive cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs, as well as a strategy to use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate pure populations of fluorescently labeled cardiomyocytes for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Galdos
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Adrija K Darsha
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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30
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Miao Y, Tian L, Martin M, Paige S, Galdos FX, Lee S, Grossfeld PD, Mital S, Wu JC, RABINOVITCH M, Nelson TJ, Nie S, Wu SM, Gu M. Abstract 12937: Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Developmentally Impaired Endocardial Population in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Circulation 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most challenging forms of congenital heart diseases. Previous studies were mainly focused on intrinsic defects in myocardium. However, this does not sufficiently explain the abnormal development of the cardiac valve, septum, and vasculature, known to originate from the endocardium. Here, using single-cell transcriptomic profiling, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived endocardial cells (iEECs), human fetal heart tissue with underdeveloped left ventricle, as well as a
Xenopus
model, we identified a developmentally impaired endocardial population in HLHS. The intrinsic endocardial deficits contributed to abnormal endothelial to mesenchymal transition, NOTCH signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, all of which are key factors in valve formation. Consequently, in an endocardium-myocardium co-culture system, we found that endocardial abnormalities conferred reduced proliferation and maturation of iPSC derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CMs) judged by Ki67 staining, contractility, sarcomere organization, and related gene expressions through a disrupted fibronectin (FN1)-integrin interaction. Several recently described HLHS
de novo
mutations such as
ETS1
and
CHD7
showed reduced binding to
FN1
promoter and enhancer in HLHS vs. control iEECs based on ChIP-qPCR analysis. Additionally, we found that suppression of the ETS1 in
Xenopus
caused reduced endocardial FN1 expression and impaired heart development. Supplementation of FN1 or ETS1 over-expression in HLHS iEECs could rescue dysfunctions in both endocardium and myocardium in HLHS. Our studies reveal a critical role of endocardial abnormality in causing HLHS, and provide a rationale for improving endocardial function in future regenerative strategies.
Schematic illustration of the endocardial and myocardial defects in HLHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Miao
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp, Stanford, CA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuyi Nie
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Mingxia Gu
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp, Cincinnati, OH
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31
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Paik DT, Tian L, Williams IM, Rhee S, Zhang H, Liu C, Mishra R, Wu SM, Red-Horse K, Wu JC. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unveils Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of Organ-Specific Endothelial Cells. Circulation 2020; 142:1848-1862. [PMID: 32929989 PMCID: PMC7658053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) display considerable functional heterogeneity depending on the vessel and tissue in which they are located. Whereas these functional differences are presumably imprinted in the transcriptome, the pathways and networks that sustain EC heterogeneity have not been fully delineated. METHODS To investigate the transcriptomic basis of EC specificity, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from tissue-specific mouse ECs generated by the Tabula Muris consortium. We used a number of bioinformatics tools to uncover markers and sources of EC heterogeneity from single-cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS We found a strong correlation between tissue-specific EC transcriptomic measurements generated by either single-cell RNA sequencing or bulk RNA sequencing, thus validating the approach. Using a graph-based clustering algorithm, we found that certain tissue-specific ECs cluster strongly by tissue (eg, liver, brain), whereas others (ie, adipose, heart) have considerable transcriptomic overlap with ECs from other tissues. We identified novel markers of tissue-specific ECs and signaling pathways that may be involved in maintaining their identity. Sex was a considerable source of heterogeneity in the endothelial transcriptome and we discovered Lars2 to be a gene that is highly enriched in ECs from male mice. We found that markers of heart and lung ECs in mice were conserved in human fetal heart and lung ECs. We identified potential angiocrine interactions between tissue-specific ECs and other cell types by analyzing ligand and receptor expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS We used single-cell RNA sequencing data generated by the Tabula Muris consortium to uncover transcriptional networks that maintain tissue-specific EC identity and to identify novel angiocrine and functional relationships between tissue-specific ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian M. Williams
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ridhima Mishra
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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32
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Paige SL, Galdos FX, Lee S, Chin ET, Ranjbarvaziri S, Feyen DAM, Darsha AK, Xu S, Ryan JA, Beck AL, Qureshi MY, Miao Y, Gu M, Bernstein D, Nelson TJ, Mercola M, Rabinovitch M, Ashley EA, Parikh VN, Wu SM. Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Implicate Intrinsic Impaired Contractility in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Circulation 2020; 142:1605-1608. [PMID: 33074758 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (S.L.P., F.X.G., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (S.L.P., F.X.G., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Soah Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Elizabeth T Chin
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.T.C., M.M., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science (E.T.C.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Dries A M Feyen
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Adrija K Darsha
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sidra Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Julia A Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Aimee L Beck
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - M Yasir Qureshi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.Y.Q., T.J.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.Y.Q., T.J.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (T.J.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine (T.J.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (T.J.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.T.C., M.M., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.T.C., M.M., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Victoria N Parikh
- Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.T.C., M.M., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (S.L.P., S.R., J.A.R., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.R., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Cardiovascular Institute (S.L.P., E.T.C., F.X.G., S.L., S.R., D.A.M.F., A.K.D., S.X., J.A.R., A.L.B., Y.M., M.G., D.B., M.M., M.R., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (S.L.P., F.X.G., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.T.C., M.M., E.A.A., V.N.P., S.M.W.), Stanford School of Medicine, CA
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33
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Miao Y, Tian L, Martin M, Paige SL, Galdos FX, Li J, Klein A, Zhang H, Ma N, Wei Y, Stewart M, Lee S, Moonen JR, Zhang B, Grossfeld P, Mital S, Chitayat D, Wu JC, Rabinovitch M, Nelson TJ, Nie S, Wu SM, Gu M. Intrinsic Endocardial Defects Contribute to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:574-589.e8. [PMID: 32810435 PMCID: PMC7541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by abnormalities in the left ventricle, associated valves, and ascending aorta. Studies have shown intrinsic myocardial defects but do not sufficiently explain developmental defects in the endocardial-derived cardiac valve, septum, and vasculature. Here, we identify a developmentally impaired endocardial population in HLHS through single-cell RNA profiling of hiPSC-derived endocardium and human fetal heart tissue with an underdeveloped left ventricle. Intrinsic endocardial defects contribute to abnormal endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, NOTCH signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, key factors in valve formation. Endocardial abnormalities cause reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation by disrupting fibronectin-integrin signaling, consistent with recently described de novo HLHS mutations associated with abnormal endocardial gene and fibronectin regulation. Together, these results reveal a critical role for endocardium in HLHS etiology and provide a rationale for considering endocardial function in regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jibiao Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alyssa Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuning Wei
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Stewart
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Miao Y, Ha A, de Lau W, Yuki K, Santos AJM, You C, Geurts MH, Puschhof J, Pleguezuelos-Manzano C, Peng WC, Senlice R, Piani C, Buikema JW, Gbenedio OM, Vallon M, Yuan J, de Haan S, Hemrika W, Rösch K, Dang LT, Baker D, Ott M, Depeille P, Wu SM, Drost J, Nusse R, Roose JP, Piehler J, Boj SF, Janda CY, Clevers H, Kuo CJ, Garcia KC. Next-Generation Surrogate Wnts Support Organoid Growth and Deconvolute Frizzled Pleiotropy In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:840-851.e6. [PMID: 32818433 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of Wnt signaling has untapped potential in regenerative medicine due to its essential functions in stem cell homeostasis. However, Wnt lipidation and Wnt-Frizzled (Fzd) cross-reactivity have hindered translational Wnt applications. Here, we designed and engineered water-soluble, Fzd subtype-specific "next-generation surrogate" (NGS) Wnts that hetero-dimerize Fzd and Lrp6. NGS Wnt supports long-term expansion of multiple different types of organoids, including kidney, colon, hepatocyte, ovarian, and breast. NGS Wnts are superior to Wnt3a conditioned media in organoid expansion and single-cell organoid outgrowth. Administration of Fzd subtype-specific NGS Wnt in vivo reveals that adult intestinal crypt proliferation can be promoted by agonism of Fzd5 and/or Fzd8 receptors, while a broad spectrum of Fzd receptors can induce liver zonation. Thus, NGS Wnts offer a unified organoid expansion protocol and a laboratory "tool kit" for dissecting the functions of Fzd subtypes in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Ha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wim de Lau
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - António J M Santos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Changjiang You
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramazan Senlice
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol Piani
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht & Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Vallon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jenny Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanne de Haan
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wieger Hemrika
- U-Protein Express BV, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Rösch
- Gladstone Institutes and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luke T Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Depeille
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht & Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jarno Drost
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roeland Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Y Janda
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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35
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Hwang HV, Sandeep N, Paige SL, Ranjbarvaziri S, Hu DQ, Zhao M, Lan IS, Coronado M, Kooiker KB, Wu SM, Fajardo G, Bernstein D, Reddy S. 4HNE Impairs Myocardial Bioenergetics in Congenital Heart Disease-Induced Right Ventricular Failure. Circulation 2020; 142:1667-1683. [PMID: 32806952 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with complex congenital heart disease, such as those with tetralogy of Fallot, the right ventricle (RV) is subject to pressure overload stress, leading to RV hypertrophy and eventually RV failure. The role of lipid peroxidation, a potent form of oxidative stress, in mediating RV hypertrophy and failure in congenital heart disease is unknown. METHODS Lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial function and structure were assessed in right ventricle (RV) myocardium collected from patients with RV hypertrophy with normal RV systolic function (RV fractional area change, 47.3±3.8%) and in patients with RV failure showing decreased RV systolic function (RV fractional area change, 26.6±3.1%). The mechanism of the effect of lipid peroxidation, mediated by 4-hydroxynonenal ([4HNE] a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) on mitochondrial function and structure was assessed in HL1 murine cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RESULTS RV failure was characterized by an increase in 4HNE adduction of metabolic and mitochondrial proteins (16 of 27 identified proteins), in particular electron transport chain proteins. Sarcomeric (myosin) and cytoskeletal proteins (desmin, tubulin) also underwent 4HNE adduction. RV failure showed lower oxidative phosphorylation (moderate RV hypertrophy, 287.6±19.75 versus RV failure, 137.8±11.57 pmol/[sec×mL]; P=0.0004), and mitochondrial structural damage. Using a cell model, we show that 4HNE decreases cell number and oxidative phosphorylation (control, 388.1±23.54 versus 4HNE, 143.7±11.64 pmol/[sec×mL]; P<0.0001). Carvedilol, a known antioxidant did not decrease 4HNE adduction of metabolic and mitochondrial proteins and did not improve oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic, mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and cytoskeletal proteins are susceptible to 4HNE-adduction in patients with RV failure. 4HNE decreases mitochondrial oxygen consumption by inhibiting electron transport chain complexes. Carvedilol did not improve the 4HNE-mediated decrease in oxygen consumption. Strategies to decrease lipid peroxidation could improve mitochondrial energy generation and cardiomyocyte survival and improve RV failure in patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunTae V Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nefthi Sandeep
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Dong-Qing Hu
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Ingrid S Lan
- Department of Bioengineering (I.S.L.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (S.M.W.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (HT.V.H., N.S., S.L.P., S. Ranjbarvairi, D-Q.H., M.Z., G.F., D.B., S. Reddy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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36
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Waliany S, Lee D, Witteles RM, Neal JW, Nguyen P, Davis MM, Salem JE, Wu SM, Moslehi JJ, Zhu H. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cardiotoxicity: Understanding Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Characteristics and Finding a Cure. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:113-134. [PMID: 32776859 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) attenuate mechanisms of self-tolerance in the immune system, enabling T cell responses to cancerous tissues and revolutionizing care for cancer patients. However, by loweringbarriers against self-reactivity, ICIs often result in varying degrees of autoimmunity. Cardiovascular complications, particularly myocarditis but also arrhythmias, pericarditis, and vasculitis, have emerged as significant complications associated with ICIs. In this review, we examine the clinical aspects and basic science principles that underlie ICI-associated myocarditis and other cardiovascular toxicities. In addition, we discuss current therapeutic approaches. We believe a better mechanistic understanding of ICI-associated toxicities can lead to improved patient outcomes by reducing treatment-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Waliany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ronald M Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patricia Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CIC-1901 Paris-Est, CLIP² Galilée, UNICO-GRECO Cardio-Oncology Program, and Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France.,Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA; .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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37
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Zhu H, Lee D, Sarah W, Galdos FX, D’Addabbo J, Fowler MB, Reddy S, Heather W, Neal JW, Witteles R, Maecker HT, Davis M, NGUYEN PK, Wu SM. Abstract 350: Immune Profiling and Causal Antigen Discovery in Mouse and Human Models of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Myocarditis. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel drugs that activate T cell-mediated anti-tumor response by blocking immune checkpoints such as PD-1 or CTLA-4, leading to improved cancer patient survival. Despite these benefits, ICIs can result in autoimmune side effects including fulminant myocarditis and heart failure. While ICI-induced myocarditis is characterized by myocardial T cell infiltration, the causal mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesize that ICI-induced myocarditis is caused by cardiac-specific auto-antigens triggering clonal expansion of myocardial CD8+ T-cells, leading to T-cell mediated myocardial damage.
Methods/Results:
We have explored the ICI-induced inflammatory response in a mouse model of myocarditis induced by PD-1 knockout and in patients with ICI-induced myocarditis. PD-1 deficient-mice on a lupus-like autoimmune background (i.e. MRL/Pcd1-/- mice) develop spontaneous fatal myocarditis in 70% of animals by 5 weeks of age, with massive cardiac infiltration of CD8>CD4+ T-cells. Likewise, patients with ICI-induced myocarditis have CD8>CD4+ T-cell infiltrate in the heart. We have performed time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) to immunophenotype the T-cell subsets in the blood/myocardium of MRL/Pcd1-/- mice and in ICI-myocarditis patients. We have also conducted single cell sequencing of T-cell receptors (TCRs) from the blood +/- myocardial-derived T-cell samples of the mice and patients. Our preliminary results in ICI-myocarditis patients confirmed the previously reported CD8+ T-cell expansion in the blood and myocardium of myocarditis patients compared with healthy control. We are currently identifying candidate cardiac auto-antigen(s) responsible for this disease by performing Grouping Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots (GLIPH).
Conclusion:
Myocarditis is a serious and life-threatening complication of ICI treatment. By understanding the unique immune response present during ICI-induced myocarditis and the responsible cardiac auto-antigen(s) involved, we will pave the way for the development of adjuvant therapies that target these antigens and mitigate their deleterious effects.
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38
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Zhu H, Rhee JW, Cheng P, Waliany S, Chang A, Witteles RM, Maecker H, Davis MM, Nguyen PK, Wu SM. Correction to: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:36. [PMID: 32405913 PMCID: PMC7220624 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Waliany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amy Chang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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39
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Puluca N, Durmus NG, Lee S, Belbachir N, Galdos FX, Ogut MG, Gupta R, Hirano KI, Krane M, Lange R, Wu JC, Wu SM, Demirci U. Levitating Cells to Sort the Fit and the Fat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900300. [PMID: 32352239 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Density is a core material property and varies between different cell types, mainly based on differences in their lipid content. Sorting based on density enables various biomedical applications such as multi-omics in precision medicine and regenerative repair in medicine. However, a significant challenge is sorting cells of the same type based on density differences. Here, a new method for real-time monitoring and sorting of single cells based on their inherent levitation profiles driven by their lipid content is reported. As a model system, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from a patient with neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) due to loss of function of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) resulting in abnormal lipid storage in cardiac muscle are used. This levitation-based strategy detects subpopulations within ATGL-deficient hiPSC-CMs with heterogenous lipid content, equilibrating at different levitation heights due to small density differences. In addition, sorting of these differentially levitating subpopulations are monitored in real time. Using this approach, sorted healthy and diseased hiPSC-CMs maintain viability and function. Pixel-tracking technologies show differences in contraction between NLSD and healthy hiPSC-CMs. Overall, this is a unique approach to separate diseased cell populations based on their intracellular lipid content that cannot be achieved using traditional flow cytometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Puluca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naside Gözde Durmus
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nadjet Belbachir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Francisco X Galdos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rakhi Gupta
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,German Heart Center Munich-DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, München, 80333, Germany.,German Heart Center Munich-DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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40
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Abstract
Purpose of Review COronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread at unprecedented speed and scale into a global pandemic with cardiovascular risk factors and complications emerging as important disease modifiers. We aim to review available clinical and biomedical literature on cardiovascular risks of COVID-19. Recent Findings SARS-CoV2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, enters the cell via ACE2 expressed in select organs. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggest cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with a more severe form of COVID-19 are also more likely to develop cardiac complications such as myocardial injury and arrhythmia. The true incidence of and mechanism underlying these events remain elusive. Summary Cardiovascular diseases appear intricately linked with COVID-19, with cardiac complications contributing to the elevated morbidity/mortality of COVID-19. Robust epidemiologic and biologic studies are urgently needed to better understand the mechanism underlying these associations to develop better therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ronald M Witteles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Rm 3250, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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41
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Zhu H, Rhee JW, Cheng P, Waliany S, Chang A, Witteles RM, Maecker H, Davis MM, Nguyen PK, Wu SM. Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:32. [PMID: 32318865 PMCID: PMC7171437 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of injury remains unclear. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS A number of studies have reported an epidemiological association between history of cardiac disease and worsened outcome during COVID infection. Development of new onset myocardial injury during COVID-19 also increases mortality. While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. Potential treatments for reducing viral infection and excessive immune responses are also discussed. COVID patients with cardiac disease history or acquire new cardiac injury are at an increased risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed to address the mechanism of cardiotoxicity and the treatments that can minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sarah Waliany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Amy Chang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ronald M. Witteles
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Room G1120A, Lokey Stem Cell Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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42
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Li G, Tian L, Goodyer W, Kort EJ, Buikema JW, Xu A, Wu JC, Jovinge S, Wu SM. Correction: Single cell expression analysis reveals anatomical and cell cycle-dependent transcriptional shifts during heart development. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev190819. [PMID: 32269139 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Lee S, Yang H, Chen C, Venkatraman S, Darsha A, Wu SM, Wu JC, Seeger T. Simple Lithography-Free Single Cell Micropatterning using Laser-Cut Stencils. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/60888. [PMID: 32310234 PMCID: PMC10990677 DOI: 10.3791/60888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropatterning techniques have been widely used in cell biology to study effects of controlling cell shape and size on cell fate determination at single cell resolution. Current state-of-the-art single cell micropatterning techniques involve soft lithography and micro-contact printing, which is a powerful technology, but requires trained engineering skills and certain facility support in microfabrication. These limitations require a more accessible technique. Here, we describe a simple alternative lithography-free method: stencil-based single cell patterning. We provide step-by-step procedures including stencil design, polyacrylamide hydrogel fabrication, stencil-based protein incorporation, and cell plating and culture. This simple method can be used to pattern an array of as many as 2,000 cells. We demonstrate the patterning of cardiomyocytes derived from single human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) with distinct cell shapes, from a 1:1 square to a 7:1 adult cardiomyocyte-like rectangle. This stencil-based single cell patterning is lithography-free, technically robust, convenient, inexpensive, and most importantly accessible to those with a limited bioengineering background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soah Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Caressa Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Sneha Venkatraman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Adrija Darsha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Timon Seeger
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim;
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44
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Seilheimer RL, Sabharwal J, Wu SM. Genetic dissection of rod and cone pathways mediating light responses and receptive fields of ganglion cells in the mouse retina. Vision Res 2019; 167:15-23. [PMID: 31887538 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (GCs) are important visual neurons which carry complex spatiotemporal information from the retina to higher visual centers in the brain. By taking advantage of pathway-specific knockout/mutant mice and multi-electrode array (MEA) recording techniques, we analyze contributions of rod and cone pathways to responsiveness, kinetics and receptive field profiles of GCs under scotopic and photopic conditions. Our data suggest: (1) Scotopic responses of some GCs require all three rod pathways, some require only the secondary and tertiary rod pathways, and others require only the tertiary rod pathway. (2) There are more responsive GCs in photopic conditions than responsive GCs in scotopic conditions. (3) Gap junctions slow down GCs' scotopic light responses and increase GCs' ratio of antagonistic to center inputs. (4) Cone pathways do not affect the kinetics but alter the ratio of antagonistic to center inputs of scotopic GC responses, and they speed up GCs photopic responses and alter the ratio of GCs' antagonistic to center synaptic inputs and receptive field profiles. (5) Rod bipolar cells shorten response latency of ON GCs and increase the ratio of GCs' antagonistic to center synaptic inputs. (6) Light adaptation speeds up GCs' temporal processing and tunes GC photopic responses to higher frequencies, and the tertiary rod pathway plays a significant role in adaptation-induced TTP changes in some GCs. (7) GC RF center sizes are partially mediated by AIIACs and GC-GC coupling. (8) Connexin36 gap junctions and cone pathways alter synaptic circuits underlying antagonistic surround inputs to GCs in photopic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Seilheimer
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - J Sabharwal
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - S M Wu
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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45
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Feng W, Chen L, Nguyen PK, Wu SM, Li G. Single Cell Analysis of Endothelial Cells Identified Organ-Specific Molecular Signatures and Heart-Specific Cell Populations and Molecular Features. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:165. [PMID: 31850371 PMCID: PMC6901932 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the inner surface of vasculature and play an important role in normal physiology and disease progression. Although most tissue is known to have a heterogeneous population of endothelial cells, transcriptional differences in organ specific endothelial cells have not been systematically analyzed at the single cell level. The Tabula Muris project profiled mouse single cells from 20 organs. We found 10 of the organs profiled by this Consortium have endothelial cells. Unsupervised analysis of these endothelial cells revealed that they were mainly grouped by organs, and organ-specific cells were further partially correlated by germ layers. Unexpectedly, we found all lymphatic endothelial cells grouped together regardless of their resident organs. To further understand the cellular heterogeneity in organ-specific endothelial cells, we used the heart as an example. As a pump of the circulation system, the heart has multiple types of endothelial cells. Detailed analysis of these cells identified an endocardial endothelial cell population, a coronary vascular endothelial cell population, and an aorta-specific cell population. Through integrated analysis of the single cell data from another two studies analyzing the aorta, we identified conserved cell populations and molecular markers across the datasets. In summary, by reanalyzing the existing endothelial cell single-cell data, we identified organ-specific molecular signatures and heart-specific subpopulations and molecular markers. We expect these findings will pave the way for a deeper understanding of vascular biology and endothelial cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lyuqin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care Administration, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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46
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van Mil A, Balk GM, Neef K, Buikema JW, Asselbergs FW, Wu SM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG. Modelling inherited cardiac disease using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: progress, pitfalls, and potential. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1828-1842. [PMID: 30169602 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the use of specific cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into a powerful approach to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite advances in therapy, heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. A major difficulty in unravelling the underlying cellular processes of heart disease is the extremely limited availability of viable human cardiac cells reflecting the pathological phenotype of the disease at various stages. Thus, the development of methods for directed differentiation of iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has provided an intriguing option for the generation of patient-specific cardiac cells. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the currently published iPSC-CM models for hereditary heart disease is compiled and analysed. Besides the major findings of individual studies, detailed methodological information on iPSC generation, iPSC-CM differentiation, characterization, and maturation is included. Both, current advances in the field and challenges yet to overcome emphasize the potential of using patient-derived cell models to mimic genetic cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain van Mil
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geerthe Margriet Balk
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (S.M.W.)
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48
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Deutsch MA, Doppler SA, Li X, Lahm H, Santamaria G, Cuda G, Eichhorn S, Ratschiller T, Dzilic E, Dreßen M, Eckart A, Stark K, Massberg S, Bartels A, Rischpler C, Gilsbach R, Hein L, Fleischmann BK, Wu SM, Lange R, Krane M. Reactivation of the Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer after myocardial infarction does not presage myogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1098-1114. [PMID: 29579159 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The contribution of resident stem or progenitor cells to cardiomyocyte renewal after injury in adult mammalian hearts remains a matter of considerable debate. We evaluated a cell population in the adult mouse heart induced by myocardial infarction (MI) and characterized by an activated Nkx2.5 enhancer element that is specific for multipotent cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) during embryonic development. We hypothesized that these MI-induced cells (MICs) harbour cardiomyogenic properties similar to their embryonic counterparts. Methods and results MICs reside in the heart and mainly localize to the infarction area and border zone. Interestingly, gene expression profiling of purified MICs 1 week after infarction revealed increased expression of stem cell markers and embryonic cardiac transcription factors (TFs) in these cells as compared to the non-mycoyte cell fraction of adult hearts. A subsequent global transcriptome comparison with embryonic CPCs and fibroblasts and in vitro culture of MICs unveiled that (myo-)fibroblastic features predominated and that cardiac TFs were only expressed at background levels. Conclusions Adult injury-induced reactivation of a cardiac-specific Nkx2.5 enhancer element known to specifically mark myocardial progenitor cells during embryonic development does not reflect hypothesized embryonic cardiomyogenic properties. Our data suggest a decreasing plasticity of cardiac progenitor (-like) cell populations with increasing age. A re-expression of embryonic, stem or progenitor cell features in the adult heart must be interpreted very carefully with respect to the definition of cardiac resident progenitor cells. Albeit, the abundance of scar formation after cardiac injury suggests a potential to target predestinated activated profibrotic cells to push them towards cardiomyogenic differentiation to improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,CIS (Centro Interdisciplinare Servizi), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Stefan Eichhorn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ratschiller
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Eckart
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Bartels
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik des Klinikums Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Nuklearmedizinische Klinik des Klinikums Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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49
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Graf-Riesen K, Kimura K, Unger A, Lother A, Hein L, Daerr J, Braune J, Ooms A, Li G, Wu SM, Höhfeld J, Linke WA, Fürst D, Fleischmann BK, Hesse M. Abstract 466: Myopathy Causing Bag3
P209L
Protein Leads to Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Caused by Aggregate Formation and Sarcomere Disruption in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The co-chaperone BAG3 (Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3) is strongly expressed in cross-striated muscles and plays a key role in the turnover of muscle-proteins as a member of the CASA (chaperone-assisted selected autophagy) complex. An amino acid exchange (P209L) in the human BAG3 gene, caused by a single base mutation, gives rise to a severe dominant childhood muscular dystrophy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and respiratory insufficiency. To get deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, we generated a transgenic mouse model of the human mutation BAG3
P209L
, in which a fusion protein consisting of the human BAG3
P209L
and the green fluorescent protein eGFP can be conditionally overexpressed. Ubiquitous overexpression of BAG3
P209L
-eGFP leads to a severe phenotype between the second and fourth week of life, including decreased body weight, skeletal muscle weakness, and heart failure. Echocardiography revealed that the BAG3
P209L
-mice suffer from restrictive cardiomyopathy and Sirius-red-staining of heart tissue showed extensive fibrosis. In cardiomyocytes, isolated from hearts of transgenic mice overexpressing BAG3
wt
-eGFP or BAG3
P209L
-eGFP, BAG3
wt
-eGFP stringently localizes to sarcomeres and intercalated discs, whereas cardiomyocytes from BAG3
P209L
-eGFP mice displayed formation of BAG3 containing aggregates and disruption of sarcomeres in
vivo
. While BAG3
P209L
-eGFP binding to á-Hsp70, Filamin C and á-HspB8 was unchanged it was less soluble than BAG3 and had a tendency to aggregate, thereby sequestering BAG3 and its clients. Depletion of the BAG3 pool leads to an impairment of CASA and accumulation of damaged proteins, causing sarcomere disintegration leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Daerr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Guang Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, Germany
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, Germany
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Paik DT, Tian L, Williams IM, Liu C, Zhang H, Williams D, Mishra R, Wu SM, Wu JC. Abstract 642: Single-Cell RNA-seq Unveils Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of Organ-Specific Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) display considerable functional heterogeneity depending on the vessel and tissue in which they are located. While these functional differences are presumably imprinted in the transcriptome, the pathways and networks which sustain EC heterogeneity have not been fully delineated. To investigate the transcriptional control of EC specification, we analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from tissue-specific mouse ECs generated by the
Tabula Muris
consortium. We found a strong correlation between tissue-specific EC transcriptomic measurements generated by either scRNA-Seq or bulk RNA-Seq, thus validating the approach. Using a graph-based clustering algorithm, we found that certain tissue-specific ECs cluster strongly by tissue (e.g. liver, brain) whereas others (i.e. adipose, heart) have considerable transcriptional overlap with ECs from other tissue. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we identified novel markers of tissue-specific ECs and signaling pathways that may be involved in maintaining their identity. By performing pseudotime trajectory analysis, we found that ECs from endoderm-derived tissues appear to be more developmentally immature when compared with the highly specialized ECs of ectoderm-derived tissues such as brain. In addition, we compared these data from mouse with human fetal heart scRNA-seq data for interspecies correlation in organ-specific EC gene expression. Finally, we identified potential angiocrine interactions between tissue-specific ECs and other cell types by analyzing ligand and receptor expression patterns. In summary, we have utilized scRNA-Seq to uncover transcriptional networks which maintain EC identity and identify novel developmental and angiocrine relationships between tissue-specific ECs.
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