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Somers T, Siddiqi S, Maas RGC, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW, van den Broek PHH, Meuwissen TJ, Morshuis WJ, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Statins affect human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by interfering with mitochondrial function and intracellular acidification. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:309-327. [PMID: 38305903 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Statins are effective drugs in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. These effects are primarily beneficial for the patient's vascular system. A significant number of statin users suffer from muscle complaints probably due to mitochondrial dysfunction, a mechanism that has recently been elucidated. This has raised our interest in exploring the effects of statins on cardiac muscle cells in an era where the elderly and patients with poorer functioning hearts and less metabolic spare capacity start dominating our patient population. Here, we investigated the effects of statins on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-derived CMs). hiPSC-derived CMs were exposed to simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and cerivastatin at increasing concentrations. Metabolic assays and fluorescent microscopy were employed to evaluate cellular viability, metabolic capacity, respiration, intracellular acidity, and mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology. Over a concentration range of 0.3-100 µM, simvastatin lactone and atorvastatin acid showed a significant reduction in cellular viability by 42-64%. Simvastatin lactone was the most potent inhibitor of basal and maximal respiration by 56% and 73%, respectively, whereas simvastatin acid and cerivastatin acid only reduced maximal respiration by 50% and 42%, respectively. Simvastatin acid and lactone and atorvastatin acid significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by 20%, 6% and 3%, respectively. The more hydrophilic atorvastatin acid did not seem to affect cardiomyocyte metabolism. This calls for further research on the translatability to the clinical setting, in which a more conscientious approach to statin prescribing might be considered, especially regarding the current shift in population toward older patients with poor cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Somers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra H H van den Broek
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanne J Meuwissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Morshuis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Maas RGC, Beekink T, Chirico N, Snijders Blok CJB, Dokter I, Sampaio-Pinto V, van Mil A, Doevendans PA, Buikema JW, Sluijter JPG, Stillitano F. Generation, High-Throughput Screening, and Biobanking of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Spheroids. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 36971448 DOI: 10.3791/64365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are of paramount importance for human cardiac disease modeling and therapeutics. We recently published a cost-effective strategy for the massive expansion of hiPSC-CMs in two dimensions (2D). Two major limitations are cell immaturity and a lack of three-dimensional (3D) arrangement and scalability in high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms. To overcome these limitations, the expanded cardiomyocytes form an ideal cell source for the generation of 3D cardiac cell culture and tissue engineering techniques. The latter holds great potential in the cardiovascular field, providing more advanced and physiologically relevant HTS. Here, we describe an HTS-compatible workflow with easy scalability for the generation, maintenance, and optical analysis of cardiac spheroids (CSs) in a 96-well-format. These small CSs are essential to fill the gap present in current in vitro disease models and/or generation for 3D tissue engineering platforms. The CSs present a highly structured morphology, size, and cellular composition. Furthermore, hiPSC-CMs cultured as CSs display increased maturation and several functional features of the human heart, such as spontaneous calcium handling and contractile activity. By automatization of the complete workflow, from the generation of CSs to functional analysis, we increase intra- and inter-batch reproducibility as demonstrated by high-throughput (HT) imaging and calcium handling analysis. The described protocol allows modeling of cardiac diseases and assessing drug/therapeutic effects at the single-cell level within a complex 3D cell environment in a fully automated HTS workflow. In addition, the study describes a straightforward procedure for long-term preservation and biobanking of whole-spheroids, thereby providing researchers the opportunity to create next-generation functional tissue storage. HTS combined with long-term storage will substantially contribute to translational research in a wide range of areas, including drug discovery and testing, regenerative medicine, and the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G C Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Tess Beekink
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Nino Chirico
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Christian J B Snijders Blok
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Inge Dokter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Alain van Mil
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht;
| | - Francesca Stillitano
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht;
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Meijer EM, Koch SE, van Dijk CGM, Maas RGC, Chrifi I, Szymczyk W, Besseling PJ, Pomp L, Koomen VJCH, Buikema JW, Bouten CVC, Verhaar MC, Smits AIPM, Cheng C. 3D Human iPSC Blood Vessel Organoids as a Source of Flow-Adaptive Vascular Cells for Creating a Human-Relevant 3D-Scaffold Based Macrovessel Model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200137. [PMID: 36300913 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3D-scaffold based in vitro human tissue models accelerate disease studies and screening of pharmaceutics while improving the clinical translation of findings. Here is reported the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular organoid cells as a new cell source for the creation of an electrospun polycaprolactone-bisurea (PCL-BU) 3D-scaffold-based, perfused human macrovessel model. A separation protocol is developed to obtain monocultures of organoid-derived endothelial cells (ODECs) and mural cells (ODMCs) from hiPSC vascular organoids. Shear stress responses of ODECs versus HUVECs and barrier function (by trans endothelial electrical resistance) are measured. PCL-BU scaffolds are seeded with ODECs and ODMCs, and tissue organization and flow adaptation are evaluated in a perfused bioreactor system. ODECs and ODMCs harvested from vascular organoids can be cryopreserved and expanded without loss of cell purity and proliferative capacity. ODECs are shear stress responsive and establish a functional barrier that self-restores after the thrombin challenge. Static bioreactor culture of ODECs/ODMCs seeded scaffolds results in a biomimetic vascular bi-layer hierarchy, which is preserved under laminar flow similar to scaffolds seeded with primary vascular cells. HiPSC-derived vascular organoids can be used as a source of functional, flow-adaptive vascular cells for the creation of 3D-scaffold based human macrovascular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Szymczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pomp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vera J C H Koomen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Peters MC, Maas RGC, van Adrichem I, Doevendans PAM, Mercola M, Šarić T, Buikema JW, van Mil A, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG, Hnatiuk AP, Neef K. Metabolic Maturation Increases Susceptibility to Hypoxia-induced Damage in Human iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1040-1051. [PMID: 36018047 PMCID: PMC9585948 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new cardioprotective approaches using in vivo models of ischemic heart disease remains challenging as differences in cardiac physiology, phenotype, and disease progression between humans and animals influence model validity and prognostic value. Furthermore, economical and ethical considerations have to be taken into account, especially when using large animal models with relevance for conducting preclinical studies. The development of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has opened new opportunities for in vitro studies on cardioprotective compounds. However, the immature cellular phenotype of iPSC-CMs remains a roadblock for disease modeling. Here, we show that metabolic maturation renders the susceptibility of iPSC-CMs to hypoxia further toward a clinically representative phenotype. iPSC-CMs cultured in a conventional medium did not show significant cell death after exposure to hypoxia. In contrast, metabolically matured (MM) iPSC-CMs showed inhibited mitochondrial respiration after exposure to hypoxia and increased cell death upon increased durations of hypoxia. Furthermore, we confirmed the applicability of MM iPSC-CMs for in vitro studies of hypoxic damage by validating the known cardioprotective effect of necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Our results provide important steps to improving and developing valid and predictive human in vitro models of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn C Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Adrichem
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A M Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna P Hnatiuk
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Chirico N, Kessler EL, Maas RGC, Fang J, Qin J, Dokter I, Ciccone S, Saric T, Buikema JW, Lei Z, Doevendans P, Sluijter JPG, Van Mil A. Small molecule-mediated rapid maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Gravitation Program “Materials Driven Regeneration” by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (RegmedXB #024.003.013) and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (Grant agreement RESCUE #801540). The EU-funded project BRAV3 (H2020, ID:874827)
Background
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) do not display all hallmarks of mature human primary cardiomyocytes: the ability to use fatty acids as an energy source, high mitochondrial mass, increased nuclei polyploidism, synchronized electrical conduction, and forceful contractions. Instead, their phenotype is similar to immature cardiomyocytes in the late fetal stage. This immaturity represents a bottleneck to their application in 1) disease modeling – as most cardiac (genetic) diseases have a middle-age onset – and 2) clinical use, where integration and functional coupling are key. So far, the mainly used methods to enhance iPSC-CM maturation include prolonged time-in-culture, 3D culture, cyclic mechanical stretch, and electrical stimulation with specialized media. However, these protocols are laborious, costly, and not easily scalable.
Methods
In this study, we developed a simple, low cost, and rapid protocol using two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A/PGC-1α) activating small molecules: Asiatic Acid (AA) and GW501516 (GW) to promote cardiomyocyte maturity by inducing a metabolic switch to fatty acid utilization and increased mitochondrial biogenesis.
Results
Monolayers of iPSC-CMs were incubated with AA and GW every other day for 10 days resulting in increased expression of fatty acid-metabolism-related genes (5 and 10-fold increase in CPT1B gene expression, respectively), mitochondria biogenesis (protein expression of ATP5A) and fusion (50 and 100-fold increase in OPA1 gene expression, respectively). In addition, AA treated iPSC-CMs responded in the seahorse mitochondria stress test more rapidly to an artificial increase in mitochondrial activity and showed a higher flexibility in substrate utilization in the seahorse stress test. A more mature electrophysiological functionality was shown by increased ion channel gene expression (KCNA4, SCN5A, GJA1, CACNA1C, and SCN1B) and enhanced synchronous contraction in treated samples. Moreover, maturation was further shown by increased sarcomeric gene expression (5 and 7-fold increase in TNNI3 in AA and GW respectively) and nuclear polyploidism (>4N fold 2.16 and 1.48-fold increase in AA and GW respectively).
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings show that AA and GW trigger a metabolic switch and induce extensive maturation of iPSC-CMs, providing a rapid and cost-effective method to obtain iPSC-CMs that more closely resemble their adult counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chirico
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - E L Kessler
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - RGC Maas
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - J Fang
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - J Qin
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - I Dokter
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - S Ciccone
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - T Saric
- University of Cologne, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology , Cologne , Germany
| | - JW Buikema
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - Z Lei
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - P Doevendans
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - JPG Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
| | - A Van Mil
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands (The)
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7
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Yuan Q, Maas RGC, Brouwer ECJ, Pei J, Blok CS, Popovic MA, Paauw NJ, Bovenschen N, Hjortnaes J, Harakalova M, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, van der Velden J, Buikema JW. Sarcomere Disassembly and Transfection Efficiency in Proliferating Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9020043. [PMID: 35200697 PMCID: PMC8880351 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contractility of the adult heart relates to the architectural degree of sarcomeres in individual cardiomyocytes (CMs) and appears to be inversely correlated with the ability to regenerate. In this study we utilized multiple imaging techniques to follow the sequence of sarcomere disassembly during mitosis resulting in cellular or nuclear division in a source of proliferating human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). We observed that both mono- and binuclear hiPSC-CMs give rise to mononuclear daughter cells or binuclear progeny. Within this source of highly proliferative hiPSC-CMs, treated with the CHIR99021 small molecule, we found that Wnt and Hippo signaling was more present when compared to metabolic matured non-proliferative hiPSC-CMs and adult human heart tissue. Furthermore, we found that CHIR99021 increased the efficiency of non-viral vector incorporation in high-proliferative hiPSC-CMs, in which fluorescent transgene expression became present after the chromosomal segregation (M phase). This study provides a tool for gene manipulation studies in hiPSC-CMs and engineered cardiac tissue. Moreover, our data illustrate that there is a complex biology behind the cellular and nuclear division of mono- and binuclear CMs, with a shared-phenomenon of sarcomere disassembly during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Q.Y.); (E.C.J.B.); (J.v.d.V.)
| | - Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen C. J. Brouwer
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Q.Y.); (E.C.J.B.); (J.v.d.V.)
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Snijders Blok
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marko A. Popovic
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (MCBI), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.P.); (N.J.P.)
| | - Nanne J. Paauw
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (MCBI), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.P.); (N.J.P.)
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Bachelor Research Hub, Educational Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart & Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Holland Heart House, Moreelsepark 1, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Q.Y.); (E.C.J.B.); (J.v.d.V.)
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Q.Y.); (E.C.J.B.); (J.v.d.V.)
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.G.C.M.); (J.P.); (C.S.B.); (M.H.); (P.A.D.); (J.P.G.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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8
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Feyen DAM, McKeithan WL, Bruyneel AAN, Spiering S, Hörmann L, Ulmer B, Zhang H, Briganti F, Schweizer M, Hegyi B, Liao Z, Pölönen RP, Ginsburg KS, Lam CK, Serrano R, Wahlquist C, Kreymerman A, Vu M, Amatya PL, Behrens CS, Ranjbarvaziri S, Maas RGC, Greenhaw M, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Bers DM, Eschenhagen T, Metallo CM, Mercola M. Metabolic Maturation Media Improve Physiological Function of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107925. [PMID: 32697997 PMCID: PMC7437654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have enormous potential for the study of human cardiac disorders. However, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as a model system and their adoption for drug discovery. Here, we describe maturation media designed to provide oxidative substrates adapted to the metabolic needs of human iPSC (hiPSC)-CMs. Compared with conventionally cultured hiPSC-CMs, metabolically matured hiPSC-CMs contract with greater force and show an increased reliance on cardiac sodium (Na+) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+) cycling. The media enhance the function, long-term survival, and sarcomere structures in engineered heart tissues. Use of the maturation media made it possible to reliably model two genetic cardiac diseases: long QT syndrome type 3 due to a mutation in the cardiac Na+ channel SCN5A and dilated cardiomyopathy due to a mutation in the RNA splicing factor RBM20. The maturation media should increase the fidelity of hiPSC-CMs as disease models. Physiological immaturity of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes limits their fidelity as disease models. Feyen et al. developed a low glucose, high oxidative substrate media that increase maturation of ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs in 2D and 3D cultures relative to standard protocols. Improved characteristics include a low resting Vm, rapid depolarization, and increased Ca2+ dependence and force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries A M Feyen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arne A N Bruyneel
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Hörmann
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Briganti
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhandi Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth S Ginsburg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Wahlquist
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Vu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prashila L Amatya
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charlotta S Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Greenhaw
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Maas RGC, Lee S, Harakalova M, Snijders Blok CJB, Goodyer WR, Hjortnaes J, Doevendans PAFM, Van Laake LW, van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Wu JC, Sluijter JPG, Wu SM, Buikema JW. Massive expansion and cryopreservation of functional human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100334. [PMID: 33615277 PMCID: PMC7881265 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), numerous strategies have been established to efficiently derive cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs (hiPSC-CMs). Here, we describe a cost-effective strategy for the subsequent massive expansion (>250-fold) of high-purity hiPSC-CMs relying on two aspects: removal of cell-cell contacts and small-molecule inhibition with CHIR99021. The protocol maintains CM functionality, allows cryopreservation, and the cells can be used in downstream assays such as disease modeling, drug and toxicity screening, and cell therapy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Buikema (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G C Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Soah Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J B Snijders Blok
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William R Goodyer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart & Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A F M Doevendans
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Van Mil A, Castilho M, Maher M, Metz CH, Maas RGC, Hochleitner G, Groll J, Ito K, Malda J, Sluijter JPG. P463Engineering myocardial tissue in vitro using stretchable microfiber scaffolds and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Van Mil
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Castilho
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Maher
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C H Metz
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - RGC Maas
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - G Hochleitner
- University Hospital of Wurzburg, Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - J Groll
- University Hospital of Wurzburg, Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - K Ito
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J Malda
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - JPG Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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