151
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Spaan AN, Schiepers A, de Haas CJC, van Hooijdonk DDJJ, Badiou C, Contamin H, Vandenesch F, Lina G, Gerard NP, Gerard C, van Kessel KPM, Henry T, van Strijp JAG. Differential Interaction of the Staphylococcal Toxins Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and γ-Hemolysin CB with Human C5a Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1034-43. [PMID: 26091719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is well adapted to the human host. Evasion of the host phagocyte response is critical for successful infection. The staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxins Panton-Valentine leukocidin LukSF-PV (PVL) and γ-hemolysin CB (HlgCB) target human phagocytes through interaction with the complement receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2. Currently, the apparent redundancy of both toxins cannot be adequately addressed in experimental models of infection because mice are resistant to PVL and HlgCB. The molecular basis for species specificity of the two toxins in animal models is not completely understood. We show that PVL and HlgCB feature distinct activity toward neutrophils of different mammalian species, where activity of PVL is found to be restricted to fewer species than that of HlgCB. Overexpression of various mammalian C5a receptors in HEK cells confirms that cytotoxicity toward neutrophils is driven by species-specific interactions of the toxins with C5aR1. By taking advantage of the species-specific engagement of the toxins with their receptors, we demonstrate that PVL and HlgCB differentially interact with human C5aR1 and C5aR2. In addition, binding studies illustrate that different parts of the receptor are involved in the initial binding of the toxin and the subsequent formation of lytic pores. These findings allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of pore formation. Finally, we show that the toxicity of PVL, but not of HlgCB, is neutralized by various C5aR1 antagonists. This study offers directions for the development of improved preclinical models for infection, as well as for the design of drugs antagonizing leukocidin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- András N Spaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, Unité 1111, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Davy D J J van Hooijdonk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cédric Badiou
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, Unité 1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - François Vandenesch
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, Unité 1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, Unité 1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Norma P Gerard
- Ina Sue Perlmutter Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Craig Gerard
- Ina Sue Perlmutter Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Kok P M van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, Unité 1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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152
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Selle J, Asare Y, Köhncke J, Alampour-Rajabi S, Shagdarsuren G, Klos A, Weber C, Jankowski J, Shagdarsuren E. Atheroprotective role of C5ar2 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:848-58. [PMID: 26084965 DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenic processes and vascular remodelling after arterial injury are controlled and driven by a plethora of factors amongst which the activation of the complement system is pivotal. Recently, we reported a clear correlation between high expressions of the second receptor for complement anaphylatoxin C5a, the C5a receptor-like 2 (C5L2, C5aR2), with high pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. This prompted us to speculate that C5aR2 might have a functional role in atherosclerosis. We, therefore, investigated the role of C5aR2 in atherosclerosis and vascular remodelling. Here, we demonstrate that C5ar2 deletion, in atherosclerosis-prone mice, attenuates atherosclerotic as well as neointimal plaque formation, reduces macrophages and CD3+ T cells and induces features of plaque stability, as analysed by histomorphometry and quantitative immunohistochemistry. As a possible underlying mechanism, C5ar2-deficient plaques showed significantly reduced expression of C5a receptor (C5ar1), Tnf-α as well as Vcam-1, as determined by qPCR and quantitative immunohistochemistry. In addition, in vitro mechanistic studies revealed a reduction of these pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mediators in C5ar2-deficient macrophages. Finally, blocking C5ar1 with antagonist JPE1375, in C5ar2(-/-)/Apoe(-/-) mice, led to a further reduction in neointimal plaque formation with reduced inflammation. In conclusion, C5ar2 deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis and neointimal plaque formation after arterial injury. This identifies C5aR2 as a promising target to reduce atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren
- Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, MD, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Tel.: +49 241 8036584, Fax: +49 241 8082703, E-mail:
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153
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Sogkas G, Vögtle T, Rau E, Gewecke B, Stegner D, Schmidt RE, Nieswandt B, Gessner JE. Orai1 controls C5a-induced neutrophil recruitment in inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2143-53. [PMID: 25912155 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-dependent store operated calcium-entry (SOCE) through Orai1-mediated calcium (Ca(2+) ) influx is considered a major pathway of Ca(2+) signaling, serving T-cell, mast cell, and platelet responses. Here, we show that Orai1 is critical for neutrophil function. Orai1-deficient neutrophils present defects in fMLP and complement C5a-induced Ca(2+) influx and migration, although they respond normally to another chemoattractant, CXCL2. Up until now, no specific contribution of Orai1 independent from STIM1 or SOCE has been recognized in immune cells. Here, we observe that Orai1-deficient neutrophils exhibit normal STIM1-dependent SOCE and STIM1-deficient neutrophils respond to fMLP and C5a efficiently. Despite substantial cytokine production, Orai1(-/-) chimeric mice show impaired neutrophil recruitment in LPS-induced peritonitis. Moreover, Orai1 deficiency results in profoundly defective C5a-triggered neutrophil lung recruitment in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Comparative evaluation of inflammation in Stim1(-/-) chimeras reveals a distinct pathogenic contribution of STIM1, including its involvement in IgG-induced C5a production. Our data establish Orai1 as key signal mediator of C5aR activation, contributing to inflammation by a STIM1-independent pathway of Ca(2+) -influx in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Rau
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Britta Gewecke
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Engelbert Gessner
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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154
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Sogkas G, Stegner D, Syed SN, Vögtle T, Rau E, Gewecke B, Schmidt RE, Nieswandt B, Gessner JE. Cooperative and alternate functions for STIM1 and STIM2 in macrophage activation and in the context of inflammation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:154-70. [PMID: 26417434 PMCID: PMC4578517 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in immune cells, including macrophages, controls a wide range of effector functions that are critical for host defense and contribute to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, receptor-mediated Ca(2+) responses consist of complex mechanisms that make it difficult to identify the pathogenesis and develop therapy. Previous studies have revealed the importance of the Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 and store-operated Ca(2+)-entry (SOCE) for Fcγ-receptor activation and IgG-induced inflammation. Here, we identify the closely related STIM2 as mediator of cell migration and cytokine production downstream of GPCR and TLR4 activation in macrophages and show that mice lacking STIM2 are partially resistant to inflammatory responses in peritonitis and LPS-induced inflammation. Interestingly, STIM2 modulates the migratory behavior of macrophages independent from STIM1 and without a strict requirement for Ca(2+) influx. While STIM2 also contributes in part to FcγR activation, the C5a-induced amplification of IgG-mediated phagocytosis is mainly dependent on STIM1. Blockade of STIM-related functions limits mortality in experimental models of AIHA and LPS-sepsis in normal mice. These results suggest benefits of Ca(2+)-inhibition for suppression of exacerbated immune reactions and illustrate the significance of alternate functions of STIM proteins in macrophage activation and in the context of innate immune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shahzad N Syed
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Rau
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School Germany
| | - Britta Gewecke
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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155
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Zheng YY, Xie X, Ma YT, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Li XM, Pan S, Adi D, Chen BD, Liu F. Association of C5aR1genetic polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:33. [PMID: 25924896 PMCID: PMC4414445 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 5a receptor (C5aR) was demonstrated a receptor of complement 5a (C5a) which is involved in many inflammatory diseases. The functional responses attributed to C5a results from its interaction with its receptors C5aR, which stimulates food intake, plays a role in increasing the inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as the cardiovascular and neural systems. However, There are unknown associations between the SNPs of C5aR1 gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We examined the role of the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5aR1 gene for CAD using a case–control design, and determined the prevalence of C5aR1 genotypes in 505 CAD patients and 469 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects of Han population. Results The rs10853784 was found to be associated with CAD in dominant model (CC vs TT + CT, P = 0.004). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.087 ~ 1.882, P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in genotype distributions of rs4577202 and rs7250152 between CAD patients and control subjects. The frequency of the haplotype (A-T-C) was significantly higher in the CAD patients than in the controls (P = 0.035), and the haplotype (A-C-T) was significantly lower in the CAD patients than in the control subjects in Chinese Han population (P = 0.002). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that rs10853784 of C5aR1 gene are associated with CAD in Han population of China, and A-C-T haplotypes may be protective genetic marker and the A-T-C may be risk genetic marker for CAD in Chinese Han population. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2054871241495194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Shuo Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, P.R., China.
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156
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Tawk MY, Zimmermann K, Bossu J, Potrich C, Bourcier T, Dalla Serra M, Poulain B, Prévost G, Jover E. Internalization of staphylococcal leukotoxins that bind and divert the
C
5a receptor is required for intracellular
Ca
2+
mobilization by human neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1241-57. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Y. Tawk
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Kiran Zimmermann
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Louis Bossu
- INCI – UPR‐CNRS 3212 Physiologie des réseaux de neurones Strasbourg France
| | - Cristina Potrich
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Biophysics and Bruno Kessler Foundation Trento Italy
| | - Tristan Bourcier
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Mauro Dalla Serra
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Biophysics and Bruno Kessler Foundation Trento Italy
| | - Bernard Poulain
- INCI – UPR‐CNRS 3212 Physiologie des réseaux de neurones Strasbourg France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Emmanuel Jover
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg EA7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce Institut de Bactériologie et Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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157
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Barbu A, Hamad OA, Lind L, Ekdahl KN, Nilsson B. The role of complement factor C3 in lipid metabolism. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:101-7. [PMID: 25746915 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abundant reports have shown that there is a strong relationship between C3 and C3a-desArg levels, adipose tissue, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The data indicate that complement components, particularly C3, are involved in lipid metabolism. The C3 fragment, C3a-desArg, functions as a hormone that has insulin-like effects and facilitates triglyceride metabolism. Adipose tissue produces and regulates the levels of complement components, which promotes generation of inflammatory initiators such as the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. The anaphylatoxins trigger a cyto/chemokine response in proportion to the amount of adipose tissue present, and induce inflammation and mediate metabolic effects such as insulin resistance. These observations support the concept that complement is an important participant in lipid metabolism and in obesity, contributing to the metabolic syndrome and to the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Barbu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Osama A Hamad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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158
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Radiotracers used for the scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:676719. [PMID: 25741532 PMCID: PMC4337049 DOI: 10.1155/2015/676719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last forty years, a small group of commercial radiopharmaceuticals have found their way into routine medical use, for the diagnostic imaging of patients with infection or inflammation. These molecular radiotracers usually participate in the immune response to an antigen, by tagging leukocytes or other molecules/cells that are endogenous to the process. Currently there is an advancing effort by researchers in the preclinical domain to design and develop new agents for this application. This review discusses radiopharmaceuticals used in the nuclear medicine clinic today, as well as those potential radiotracers that exploit an organism's defence mechanisms to an infectious or inflammatory event.
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159
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Dang L, He L, Wang Y, Xiong J, Bai B, Li Y. Role of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a-receptor pathway in atopic dermatitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4183-9. [PMID: 25650554 PMCID: PMC4394951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a genetic background. The C5a-receptor (C5aR) pathway has been reported to be involved in AD; however, the precise pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the contribution of the C5aR pathway to AD in mice was investigated. A BALB/c mouse model of AD was induced by application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) onto hairless dorsal skin. Following DNCB application for 2 weeks, C5aR expression in skin tissue was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. C5aR expression in skin tissue was significantly increased in mice with AD. In an additional experiment, C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) intracutaneously injected in combination with DNCB treatment. The skin-fold thickness, number of total infiltrating leukocytes and mast cells infiltrating in skin tissue were measured. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in skin tissue and IL-4, IFN-γ, histamine and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum were measured using ELISA. The skin-fold thickness, numbers of total infiltrating leukocytes and mast cells in skin tissue, as well as levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, histamine and IgE were significantly increased in mice with AD. However, simultaneous treatment with C5aRA significantly attenuated increases in skin fold thickness and the numbers of total infiltrating leukocytes and mast cells in skin tissue. Treatment with C5aRA also decreased IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in skin tissue, as well as the levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, histamine and IgE in the serum. In conclusion, C5aRA inhibited AD in mice, possibly through suppression of the C5aR-mediated cascade action of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jikui Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bingxue Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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160
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Günesacar R, Opelz G, Erken E, Döhler B, Ruhenstroth A, Süsal C. Complement C5a receptor gene 450 C/T polymorphism in renal transplant recipients: association of the CT genotype with graft outcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:104-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Günesacar
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam; Kahramanmaras Turkey
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - G. Opelz
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - E. Erken
- Department of Immunology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Cukurova; Adana Turkey
| | - B. Döhler
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Ruhenstroth
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - C. Süsal
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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161
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Liu Y, Fisette A, Lapointe M, Cianflone K. C5L2 Deficiency Enhances Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.61007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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162
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Darling VR, Hauke RJ, Tarantolo S, Agrawal DK. Immunological effects and therapeutic role of C5a in cancer. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 11:255-63. [PMID: 25387724 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.983081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The specific role of C5a in cancer, especially in melanoma, has yet to be determined. Differential effects of C5a could be cancer specific. In the host defense system, C5a functions to protect the body from harmful entities via a plethora of mechanisms. Yet, C5a may also serve to potentiate cancerous process. C5a facilitates cellular proliferation and regeneration by attracting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and supporting tumor promotion. In this article, we critically reviewed the properties, mechanisms of action and functions of C5a, with particular emphasis on cancer inhibition and promotion, and clinical application of such knowledge in better management of patients with cancer. Outstanding questions and future directions in regard to the function of C5a in melanoma and other cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Darling
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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163
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Spaan AN, Vrieling M, Wallet P, Badiou C, Reyes-Robles T, Ohneck EA, Benito Y, de Haas CJ, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Lina G, Vandenesch F, van Kessel KP, Torres VJ, van Strijp JA, Henry T. The staphylococcal toxins γ-haemolysin AB and CB differentially target phagocytes by employing specific chemokine receptors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5438. [PMID: 25384670 PMCID: PMC4228697 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of the host phagocyte response by Staphylococcus aureus is crucial to successful infection with the pathogen. γ-haemolysin AB and CB (HlgAB, HlgCB) are bicomponent pore-forming toxins present in almost all human S. aureus isolates. Cellular tropism and contribution of the toxins to S. aureus pathophysiology are poorly understood. Here we identify the chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR2 and CCR2 as targets for HlgAB, and the complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 as targets for HlgCB. The receptor expression patterns allow the toxins to efficiently and differentially target phagocytic cells. Murine neutrophils are resistant to HlgAB and HlgCB. CCR2 is the sole murine receptor orthologue compatible with γ-haemolysin. In a murine peritonitis model, HlgAB contributes to S. aureus bacteremia in a CCR2-dependent manner. HlgAB-mediated targeting of CCR2(+) cells highlights the involvement of inflammatory macrophages during S. aureus infection. Functional quantification identifies HlgAB and HlgCB as major secreted staphylococcal leukocidins.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/physiology
- Bacterial Toxins
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hemolysin Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peritonitis/microbiology
- Peritonitis/pathology
- Peritonitis/physiopathology
- Phagocytes/microbiology
- Phagocytes/pathology
- Receptors, CCR2/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Complement/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/physiology
- Staphylococcal Infections/pathology
- Staphylococcal Infections/physiopathology
- Staphylococcus aureus
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Affiliation(s)
- András N. Spaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Wallet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ohneck
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Yvonne Benito
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Carla J.C. de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Gérard Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Kok P.M. van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 10016 New York, USA
| | - Jos A.G. van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1 and Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
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164
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Chmilewsky F, Jeanneau C, Laurent P, About I. LPS Induces Pulp Progenitor Cell Recruitment via Complement Activation. J Dent Res 2014; 94:166-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034514555524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system, a major component of the natural immunity, has been recently identified as an important mediator of the dentin-pulp regeneration process through STRO-1 pulp cell recruitment by the C5a active fragment. Moreover, it has been shown recently that under stimulation with lipoteichoic acid, a complex component of the Gram-positive bacteria cell wall, human pulp fibroblasts are able to synthesize all proteins required for complement activation. However, Gram-negative bacteria, which are also involved in tooth decay, are known as powerful activators of complement system and inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of Gram-negative bacteria-induced complement activation on the pulp progenitor cell recruitment using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of all Gram-negative bacteria. Our results show that incubating pulp fibroblasts with LPS induced membrane attack complex formation and C5a release in serum-free fibroblast cultures. The produced C5a binds to the pulp progenitor cells’ membrane and induces their migration toward the LPS stimulation chamber, as revealed by the dynamic transwell migration assays. The inhibition of this migration by the C5aR-specific antagonist W54011 indicates that the pulp progenitor migration is mediated by the interaction between C5a and C5aR. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, a direct interaction between the recruitment of progenitor pulp cells and the activation of complement system generated by pulp fibroblast stimulation with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chmilewsky
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
| | - C. Jeanneau
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
| | - P. Laurent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service d’Odontologie, Marseille, France
| | - I. About
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
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165
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Halai R, Bellows-Peterson ML, Branchett W, Smadbeck J, Kieslich CA, Croker DE, Cooper MA, Morikis D, Woodruff TM, Floudas CA, Monk PN. Derivation of ligands for the complement C3a receptor from the C-terminus of C5a. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:176-81. [PMID: 25446428 PMCID: PMC4263610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complement cascade is a highly sophisticated network of proteins that are well regulated and directed in response to invading pathogens or tissue injury. Complement C3a and C5a are key mediators produced by this cascade, and their dysregulation has been linked to a plethora of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, this has stimulated interest in the development of ligands for the receptors for these complement peptides, C3a receptor, and C5a1 (C5aR/CD88). In this study we used computational methods to design novel C5a1 receptor ligands. However, functional screening in human monocyte-derived macrophages using the xCELLigence label-free platform demonstrated altered specificity of our ligands. No agonist/antagonist activity was observed at C5a1, but we instead saw that the ligands were able to partially agonize the closely related complement receptor C3a receptor. This was verified in the presence of C3a receptor antagonist SB 290157 and in a stable cell line expressing either C5a1 or C3a receptor alone. C3a agonism has been suggested to be a potential treatment of acute neutrophil-driven traumatic pathologies, and may have great potential as a therapeutic avenue in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Halai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Will Branchett
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Smadbeck
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chris A Kieslich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Croker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christodoulos A Floudas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Peter N Monk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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166
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Bielecka E, Scavenius C, Kantyka T, Jusko M, Mizgalska D, Szmigielski B, Potempa B, Enghild JJ, Prossnitz ER, Blom AM, Potempa J. Peptidyl arginine deiminase from Porphyromonas gingivalis abolishes anaphylatoxin C5a activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32481-7. [PMID: 25324545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c114.617142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of killing by the complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, is a key evolutionary strategy of many human pathogens. A major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis, the Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, produces a vast arsenal of virulence factors that compromise human defense mechanisms. One of these is peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), an enzyme unique to P. gingivalis among bacteria, which converts Arg residues in polypeptide chains into citrulline. Here, we report that PPAD citrullination of a critical C-terminal arginine of the anaphylatoxin C5a disabled the protein function. Treatment of C5a with PPAD in vitro resulted in decreased chemotaxis of human neutrophils and diminished calcium signaling in monocytic cell line U937 transfected with the C5a receptor (C5aR) and loaded with a fluorescent intracellular calcium probe: Fura-2 AM. Moreover, a low degree of citrullination of internal arginine residues by PPAD was also detected using mass spectrometry. Further, after treatment of C5 with outer membrane vesicles naturally shed by P. gingivalis, we observed generation of C5a totally citrullinated at the C-terminal Arg-74 residue (Arg74Cit). In stark contrast, only native C5a was detected after treatment with PPAD-null outer membrane vesicles. Our study suggests reduced antibacterial and proinflammatory capacity of citrullinated C5a, achieved via lower level of chemotactic potential of the modified molecule, and weaker cell activation. In the context of previous studies, which showed crosstalk between C5aR and Toll-like receptors, as well as enhanced arthritis development in mice infected with PPAD-expressing P. gingivalis, our findings support a crucial role of PPAD in the virulence of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bielecka
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden, the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Kantyka
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Jusko
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Danuta Mizgalska
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Borys Szmigielski
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Potempa
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, and
| | - Jan J Enghild
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Anna M Blom
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden,
| | - Jan Potempa
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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167
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Reid RC, Yau MK, Singh R, Hamidon JK, Lim J, Stoermer MJ, Fairlie DP. Potent Heterocyclic Ligands for Human Complement C3a Receptor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8459-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500956p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mei-Kwan Yau
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ranee Singh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Johan K. Hamidon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin J. Stoermer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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168
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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169
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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170
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Pawaria S, Ramani K, Maers K, Liu Y, Kane LP, Levesque MC, Biswas PS. Complement Component C5a Permits the Coexistence of Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Type I IFN in Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3288-95. [PMID: 25149466 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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171
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Bohlson SS, O'Conner SD, Hulsebus HJ, Ho MM, Fraser DA. Complement, c1q, and c1q-related molecules regulate macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2014; 5:402. [PMID: 25191325 PMCID: PMC4139736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is a critical system of enzymes, regulatory proteins, and receptors that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Natural mutations in complement molecules highlight their requirement in regulation of a variety of human conditions including infectious disease and autoimmunity. As sentinels of the immune system, macrophages are specialized to respond to infectious microbes, as well as normal and altered self, and dictate appropriate immune responses. Complement components such as anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and opsonins [C3b, C1q, mannan binding lectin (MBL)] influence macrophage responses. While anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a trigger inflammasome activation, opsonins such as C1q and related molecules (MBL and adiponectin) downregulate inflammasome activation and inflammation, and upregulate engulfment of apoptotic cells consistent with a pro-resolving or M2 macrophage phenotype. This review summarizes our current understanding of the influence of the complement system on macrophage polarization with an emphasis on C1q and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne S Bohlson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Sean D O'Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Holly Jo Hulsebus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, IA , USA
| | - Minh-Minh Ho
- Department of Biologicial Sciences, California State University Long Beach , Long Beach, CA , USA
| | - Deborah A Fraser
- Department of Biologicial Sciences, California State University Long Beach , Long Beach, CA , USA
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172
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Tamamis P, Kieslich CA, Nikiforovich GV, Woodruff TM, Morikis D, Archontis G. Insights into the mechanism of C5aR inhibition by PMX53 via implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations and docking. BMC BIOPHYSICS 2014; 7:5. [PMID: 25170421 PMCID: PMC4141665 DOI: 10.1186/2046-1682-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The complement protein C5a acts by primarily binding and activating the G-protein coupled C5a receptor C5aR (CD88), and is implicated in many inflammatory diseases. The cyclic hexapeptide PMX53 (sequence Ace-Phe-[Orn-Pro-dCha-Trp-Arg]) is a full C5aR antagonist of nanomolar potency, and is widely used to study C5aR function in disease. Results We construct for the first time molecular models for the C5aR:PMX53 complex without the a priori use of experimental constraints, via a computational framework of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, docking, conformational clustering and free energy filtering. The models agree with experimental data, and are used to propose important intermolecular interactions contributing to binding, and to develop a hypothesis for the mechanism of PMX53 antagonism. Conclusion This work forms the basis for the design of improved C5aR antagonists, as well as for atomic-detail mechanistic studies of complement activation and function. Our computational framework can be widely used to develop GPCR-ligand structural models in membrane environments, peptidomimetics and other chemical compounds with potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanourios Tamamis
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, PO 20537, CY1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chris A Kieslich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Georgios Archontis
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, PO 20537, CY1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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173
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Role of C5a-C5aR axis in the development of atherosclerosis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:790-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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174
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Xu Y, Tian Z, Xie P. Targeting complement anaphylatoxin C5a receptor in hyperoxic lung injury in mice. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1786-92. [PMID: 25050483 PMCID: PMC4148369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor binding of complement anaphylatoxin C5a results in proinflammatory activation of numerous diseases, but the role of receptor-mediated action during hyperoxic lung injury has, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been investigated. The contribution of the C5a receptor (C5aR) to hyperoxic lung injury in mice was investigated in this study. The effect of C5aR on hyperoxic lung injury in Balb/c mice was examined employing a C5aR antagonist (C5aRA). The mice were ventilated with 100% oxygen for 36 h with or without the administration of C5aRA. C5aR expression levels in non‑treated or 100% oxygen-treated mice were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. The body weight and the relative lung weight of the mice, and the morphological changes in the lung were then determined. The total cell counts and the number of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using cytocentrifuge slides and a hemocytometer. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in BALF and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative levels of CD68 and F4/80 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the lung tissue were detected by RT-PCR. The TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 protein expression levels in the lung tissue were assessed by western blot analysis. The results revealed hyperoxia-induced morphological changes, lung injury and increased expression levels of C5aR in lung tissue. The hyperoxia-induced increases in the total cell count and the number of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the BALF were all significantly reduced in the mice receiving C5aRA. Treatment with C5aRA also attenuated the morphological changes and reduced MPO activity, and CD68 and F4/80 mRNA expression levels in the lung tissue, as well as the levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α in BALF and lung tissue. In conclusion, C5a-C5aR action accelerated hyperoxia-induced lung injury, but this hyperoxic lung injury was attenuated by treatment with C5aRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Respiratory Department of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Tian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Peiyu Xie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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175
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De Hoog VC, Timmers L, Van Duijvenvoorde A, De Jager SCA, Van Middelaar BJ, Smeets MB, Woodruff TM, Doevendans PA, Pasterkamp G, Hack CE, De Kleijn DPV. Leucocyte expression of complement C5a receptors exacerbates infarct size after myocardial reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:521-9. [PMID: 24935433 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Early reperfusion is mandatory for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. This process, however, also induces additional loss of viable myocardium, called ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Complement activation plays an important role in IR injury, partly through binding of C5a to its major receptor (C5aR). We investigated the role of C5aR on infarct size and cardiac function in a model for myocardial IR injury. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c (WT) mice and C5aR(-/-) mice underwent coronary occlusion for 30 min, followed by reperfusion. Infarct size, determined 24 h after IR, was reduced in C5aR(-/-) mice compared with WT mice (28.5 ± 2.1 vs. 35.7 ± 2.5%, P = 0.017). Bone marrow (BM) chimaera experiments showed that this effect was due to the absence of C5aR on circulating leucocytes, since a similar reduction in infarct size was observed in WT mice with C5aR-deficient BM cells (25.3 ± 2.2 vs. 34.6 ± 2.8%, P < 0.05), but not in C5aR(-/-) mice with WT BM cells. Reduced infarct size was associated with fewer neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages in the infarcted area 24 h after IR in C5aR(-/-) mice, and also with lower levels of Caspase-3/7 indicating less inflammation and apoptosis. Echocardiography 4 weeks after IR showed an improved ejection fraction in C5aR(-/-) mice (25.8 ± 5.5 vs. 19.2 ± 5.4%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The absence of C5aR on circulating leucocytes reduces infarct size, is associated with reduced leucocyte infiltration and with less apoptosis in the infarcted myocardium, and improves cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial IR injury. Selective blocking of C5aR might be a promising strategy to prevent myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince C De Hoog
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Timmers
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Amerik Van Duijvenvoorde
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A De Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Van Middelaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam B Smeets
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique P V De Kleijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology UMC Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands Surgery NUS and Cardiovascular Research Institute, NUHS, Singapore
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176
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Atya H, Al-Rawi H. Questions and guide to answers. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.139587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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177
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Complement factor C5 but not C3 contributes significantly to hydrosalpinx development in mice infected with Chlamydia muridarum. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3154-63. [PMID: 24842924 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01833-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrosalpinx is a pathological hallmark of tubal infertility associated with chlamydial infection. However, the mechanisms of hydrosalpinx remain unknown. Here, we report that complement factor 5 (C5) contributes significantly to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx. Mice lacking C5 (C5(-/-)) failed to develop any hydrosalpinx, while ∼42% of the corresponding wild-type mice (C5(+/+)) did so following intravaginal infection with Chlamydia muridarum. Surprisingly, deficiency in C3 (C3(-/-)), an upstream component of the complement system, did not affect mouse susceptibility to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx. Interestingly, C5 activation was induced by chlamydial infection in oviducts of C3(-/-) mice, explaining why the C3(-/-) mice remained susceptible to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx. Similar levels of live chlamydial organisms were recovered from oviduct tissues of both C5(-/-) and C5(+/+) mice, suggesting that C5 deficiency did not affect C. muridarum ascending infection. Furthermore, C5(-/-) mice were still more resistant to hydrosalpinx induction than C5(+/+) mice, even when live C. muridarum organisms were directly delivered into the upper genital tract, both confirming the role of C5 in promoting hydrosalpinx and indicating that the C5-facilitated hydrosalpinx was not due to enhancement of ascending infection. The C5(-/-) mice displayed significantly reduced lumenal inflammatory infiltration and cytokine production in oviduct tissue, suggesting that C5 may contribute to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx by enhancing inflammatory responses.
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178
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Vijayan S, Asare Y, Grommes J, Soehnlein O, Lutgens E, Shagdarsuren G, Togtokh A, Jacobs MJ, Fischer JW, Bernhagen J, Weber C, Schober A, Shagdarsuren E. High expression of C5L2 correlates with high proinflammatory cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2123-33. [PMID: 24819959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement anaphylatoxin C5a functions through its two receptors, C5aR (CD88) and C5a receptor-like 2 (C5L2). Their role in atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. We, therefore, analyzed C5aR and probed the yet unknown expression and function of C5L2 in human atherogenesis. Human atherosclerotic plaques obtained by endarterectomy were staged and analyzed for C5L2 and C5aR by IHC and quantitative real-time PCR. C5L2-expressing cells in plaques were mostly macrophages, less neutrophils and endothelial cells, as determined by double immunostaining. Although early influx of C5aR(+) cells was detected, C5L2 levels increased with lesion complexity and colocalized with C5aR and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Gene expression of C5L2 and C5aR showed similar trends, such as the receptor-expressing cells. The expression of C5L2 in advanced lesions correlated with increased levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in plaques. Furthermore, in vitro experiments in macrophages from wild-type and C5l2- and C5ar-deficient mice corroborated the contributing role of C5l2 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-pretreated C5a-induced cytokine expression, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, C5l2- and C5ar-deficient peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed less arrest on tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated mouse endothelial cells in vitro when compared with wild-type controls. Taken together, prominent C5L2 expression in advanced atherosclerotic stages directly correlates with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This might indicate a proinflammatory role of C5L2 in atherosclerosis that needs to be pursued in the future by applying in vivo mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Vijayan
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Grommes
- European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gansuvd Shagdarsuren
- Department of Nephrology, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ariunaa Togtokh
- Department of Nephrology, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Michael J Jacobs
- European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; August-Lenz-Stiftung at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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179
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Vadrevu SK, Chintala NK, Sharma SK, Sharma P, Cleveland C, Riediger L, Manne S, Fairlie DP, Gorczyca W, Almanza O, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM. Complement c5a receptor facilitates cancer metastasis by altering T-cell responses in the metastatic niche. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3454-65. [PMID: 24786787 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of complement on cancer metastasis has not been well studied. In this report, we demonstrate in a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer that the complement anaphylatoxin C5a receptor (C5aR) facilitates metastasis by suppressing effector CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses in the lungs. Mechanisms of this suppression involve recruitment of immature myeloid cells to the lungs and regulation of TGFβ and IL10 production in these cells. TGFβ and IL10 favored generation of T regulatory cells (Treg) and Th2-oriented responses that rendered CD8(+) T cells dysfunctional. Importantly, pharmacologic blockade of C5aR or its genetic ablation in C5aR-deficient mice were sufficient to reduce lung metastases. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells abolished this beneficial effect, suggesting that CD8(+) T cells were responsible for the effects of C5aR inhibition. In contrast to previous findings, we observed that C5aR signaling promoted Treg generation and suppressed T-cell responses in organs where metastases arose. Overall, our findings indicated that the immunomodulatory functions of C5aR are highly context dependent. Furthermore, they offered proof-of-concept for complement-based immunotherapies to prevent or reduce cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Navin K Chintala
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Sharad K Sharma
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Priya Sharma
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Clayton Cleveland
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Linley Riediger
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wojciech Gorczyca
- Bioreference Laboratories, Elmwood Park; Regional Cancer Care Associates, Hackensack, New Jersey; and
| | | | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center;
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180
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Kessel C, Nandakumar KS, Peters FB, Gauba V, Schultz PG, Holmdahl R. A single functional group substitution in c5a breaks B cell and T cell tolerance and protects against experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:610-21. [PMID: 24574221 DOI: 10.1002/art.38237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A deficiency in C5 protects against arthritis development. However, there is currently no approach successfully translating these findings into arthritis therapy, as by targeting the key component, C5a. The aim of this study was to develop a vaccination strategy targeting C5a as therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS An anti-C5a vaccine was generated by incorporating the unnatural amino acid p-nitrophenylalanine (4NPA) into selected sites in the murine C5a molecule. C5a-4NPA variants were screened for their immunogenicity in mice on different arthritis-susceptible class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) backgrounds. A candidate vaccine was tested for its impact on disease in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Immunity toward endogenous C5a as well as type II collagen was monitored and characterized. RESULTS Replacing a single tyrosine residue in position 35 (Y(35) ) with 4NPA allowed the generation of an anti-C5a vaccine, which partly protected mice against the development of CIA while strongly ameliorating the severity of clinical disease. Although differing in just 3 atoms from wild-type C5a (wtC5a), C5aY(35) 4NPA induced loss of T cell and B cell tolerance toward the endogenous protein in mice expressing class II MHC H-2(q) molecules. Despite differential B cell epitope recognition, antibodies induced by both wtC5a and C5aY(35) 4NPA neutralized C5a. Thus, anti-wtC5a IgG titers during arthritis priming were potentially of critical importance for disease protection, because high titers of C5a-neutralizing antibodies after disease onset were unable to reverse the course of arthritis. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the most effective anti-C5a treatment in arthritis can be accomplished using a preventive vaccination strategy, and that treatment using conventional biologic or small molecule strategies targeting the C5a/C5aR axis may miss the optimal window for therapeutic intervention during the subclinical priming phase of the disease.
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181
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C5a2 can modulate ERK1/2 signaling in macrophages via heteromer formation with C5a1 and β-arrestin recruitment. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:631-9. [PMID: 24777312 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of our innate immune system, in which the complement proteins C5a and C5a-des Arg bind to two G-protein-coupled receptors: namely, the C5a receptor (C5a1) and C5a receptor like-2 receptor (C5a2, formerly called C5L2). Recently, it has been demonstrated that C5a, but not C5a-des Arg, upregulates heteromer formation between C5a1 and C5a2, leading to an increase in IL-10 release from human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). A bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay was used to assess the recruitment of β-arrestins by C5a and C5a-des Arg at the C5a1 and C5a2 receptors. C5a demonstrated elevated β-arrestin 2 recruitment levels in comparison with C5a-des Arg, whereas no significant difference was observed at C5a2. A constitutive complex that formed between β-arrestin 2 and C5a2 accounted for half of the BRET signal observed. Interestingly, both C5a and C5a-des Arg exhibited higher potency for β-arrestin 2 recruitment via C5a2, indicating preference for C5a2 over C5a1. When C5a was tested in a functional ERK1/2 assay in HMDMs, inhibition of ERK1/2 was observed only at concentrations at or above the EC50 for heteromer formation. This suggested that increased recruitment of the β-arrestin-C5a2 complex at these C5a concentrations might have an inhibitory role on C5a1 signaling through ERK1/2. An improved understanding of C5a2 modulation of signaling in acute inflammation could be of benefit in the development of ligands for conditions such as sepsis.
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182
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Zhao Y, Xu H, Yu W, Xie BD. Complement anaphylatoxin C4a inhibits C5a-induced neointima formation following arterial injury. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:45-52. [PMID: 24789665 PMCID: PMC4068717 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between complement anaphylatoxins have been investigated in numerous fields; however, their functions during arterial remodeling following injury have not been studied. The inhibitory effect of complement anaphylatoxin C4a on neointima formation induced by C5a following arterial injury was investigated. Mice were subjected to wire-induced endothelial denudation of the femoral artery and treated with C5a alone or C5a + C4a for two weeks. C4a significantly inhibited C5a-induced neointima formation and the expression of CD68, F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF‑α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). In vitro, although C4a did not directly inhibit the migration, proliferation or the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) of C5a-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), C5a-pretreated conditioned medium‑induced migration, proliferation and VCAM-1 expression of VSMCs were suppressed when VSMCs were exposed to conditioned medium from C4a-pretreated macrophages. In addition, C5a-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 expression, Ca2+ influx and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in macrophages were suppressed by C4a. C4a inhibits C5a-induced neointima formation, not by acting directly on VSMCs, but via a macrophage-mediated reaction by inhibiting the Ca2+-dependent ERK pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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184
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Protein kinase C-δ mediates sepsis-induced activation of complement 5a and urokinase-type plasminogen activator signaling in macrophages. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:581-9. [PMID: 24682410 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Activations of the complement C5a (C5a) and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are commonly seen together during sepsis. However, the mechanism linking these two important pathways remains elusive. MATERIAL, METHODS AND TREATMENT We used the C57BL/6 J mice model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) procedure, injected anti-C5aR or rottlerin through the tail vein to neutralize C5aR or PKC-δ, and then isolated peritoneal macrophages. Total RNA was isolated from the cells and analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Our study revealed that neutralizing C5aR markedly inhibited sepsis-induced uPA receptor (uPAR) expression and its downstream signaling in macrophage. Similarly, neutralizing uPAR suppressed sepsis activation of C5a signaling. Importantly, inhibition of PKC-δ largely blocked sepsis-induced expression of C5aR and uPAR. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a crosstalk between the complement C5a signaling and the fibrinolytic uPA pathways, which may depend on each other to maintain their expression and signaling, and reveals a central role of PKC-δ in mediating sepsis-induced activation of these pathways.
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185
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C5L2 is required for C5a-triggered receptor internalization and ERK signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1409-19. [PMID: 24631530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
C5L2 is a receptor that binds to C5a and belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, but its role in physiological C5a-mediated responses remains under debate. Here we show that, like the canonical C5a receptor C5aR, C5L2 plays a pro-inflammatory role in a murine model of acute experimental colitis. We demonstrate that C5L2 physically interacts with C5aR and is required for optimal C5a-mediated C5aR internalization and associated ERK activation. Abrogation of C5a-induced receptor internalization by treatment with the dynamin inhibitor dynasore(TM) impaired C5a-induced MEK and ERK signaling. Although the presence of C5aR alone was sufficient to recruit the scaffold protein β-arrestin1 to the cell membrane in response to C5a stimulation, it was inadequate to mediate AP2 recruitment and subsequent C5aR internalization. Expression of C5L2 allowed normal internalization of C5aR in response to C5a stimulation, followed by normal ERK signaling. Thus, our work reveals an essential role for C5L2 in C5a-triggered, AP2-dependent C5aR internalization and downstream ERK signaling.
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186
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Glister C, Hatzirodos N, Hummitzsch K, Knight PG, Rodgers RJ. The global effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and tumour necrosis factor α on gene expression in cultured bovine ovarian granulosa cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:72. [PMID: 24467805 PMCID: PMC3906957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oocytes mature in ovarian follicles surrounded by granulosa cells. During follicle growth, granulosa cells replicate and secrete hormones, particularly steroids close to ovulation. However, most follicles cease growing and undergo atresia or regression instead of ovulating. To investigate the effects of stimulatory (follicle-stimulating hormone; FSH) and inhibitory (tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) factors on the granulosa cell transcriptome, bovine ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and pools of granulosa cells were cultured in vitro for six days under defined serum-free conditions with treatments present on days 3-6. Initially dose-response experiments (n = 4) were performed to determine the optimal concentrations of FSH (0.33 ng/ml) and TNFα (10 ng/ml) to be used for the microarray experiments. For array experiments cells were cultured under control conditions, with FSH, with TNFα, or with FSH plus TNFα (n = 4 per group) and RNA was harvested for microarray analyses. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed primary clustering of the arrays into two groups, control/FSH and TNFα/TNFα plus FSH. The effect of TNFα on gene expression dominated that of FSH, with substantially more genes differentially regulated, and the pathways and genes regulated by TNFα being similar to those of FSH plus TNFα treatment. TNFα treatment reduced the endocrine activity of granulosa cells with reductions in expression of FST, INHA, INBA and AMH. The top-ranked canonical pathways and GO biological terms for the TNFα treatments included antigen presentation, inflammatory response and other pathways indicative of innate immune function and fibrosis. The two most significant networks also reflect this, containing molecules which are present in the canonical pathways of hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation and transforming growth factor β signalling, and these were up regulated. Upstream regulator analyses also predicted TNF, interferons γ and β1 and interleukin 1β. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, the transcriptome of granulosa cells responded minimally to FSH compared with the response to TNFα. The response to TNFα indicated an active process akin to tissue remodelling as would occur upon atresia. Additionally there was reduction in endocrine function and induction of an inflammatory response to TNFα that displays features similar to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Merega E, Prisco SD, Lanfranco M, Severi P, Pittaluga A. Complement selectively elicits glutamate release from nerve endings in different regions of mammal central nervous system. J Neurochem 2014; 129:473-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merega
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Paolo Severi
- Division of Neurosurgery; Galliera Hospital; Genoa Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmacology and Toxicology Section; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
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Poursharifi P, Lapointe M, Fisette A, Lu H, Roy C, Munkonda MN, Fairlie DP, Cianflone K. C5aR and C5L2 act in concert to balance immunometabolism in adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:325-333. [PMID: 24397921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that the immunometabolic receptors; C5aR and C5L2, constitutively self-associate into homo-/heterodimers and that acylation stimulating protein (ASP/C3adesArg) or C5a treatment of adipocytes increased their colocalization. The present study evaluates the C5aR contribution in adipocytes to the metabolic and immune responses elicited by ligand stimulation. The effects of C5a, ASP, and insulin on cytokine production, triglyceride synthesis (TGS), and key signaling pathways were evaluated in isolated primary adipocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. In addition, mRNA expression of IRS1 and PGC1α was compared in adipose tissue samples from WT vs. C5aRKO mice. Both C5a and ASP directly increased MCP-1 (238±4%; P<0.001, and 377±2% vs. basal 100%; P<0.001, respectively) and KC (413±11%; P<0.001, and 529±16%; P<0.001 vs. basal 100%, respectively) secretion, TGS (131±1%; P<0.001, and 152±6%; P<0.001, vs. basal 100% respectively), and Akt/NFκB phosphorylation pathways in adipocytes. However, in C5aRKO adipocytes, C5a effects were disrupted, while stimulatory effects of ASP were mostly maintained. Addition of C5a completely blocked ASP signaling and activity in both C5aRKO and WT adipocytes as well as 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, C5aRKO adipocytes revealed impaired insulin stimulation of cytokine production, with partial impairment of signaling and TGS stimulation, consistent with decreased IRS1 and PGC1α mRNA expression in adipose tissue. These observations indicate the importance of C5aR in adipose tissue metabolism and immunity, which may be regulated through heterodimerization with C5L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Huiling Lu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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189
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van den Berg CW, Tambourgi DV, Clark HW, Hoong SJ, Spiller OB, McGreal EP. Mechanism of neutrophil dysfunction: neutrophil serine proteases cleave and inactivate the C5a receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1787-95. [PMID: 24446515 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction, resulting in inefficient bacterial clearance, is a feature of several serious medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and sepsis. Poorly controlled neutrophil serine protease (NSP) activity and complement activation have been implicated in this phenomenon. The capacity for excess NSP secretion and complement activation to influence the expression and function of the important neutrophil-activating receptor C5aR was investigated. Purified NSPs cathepsin G (CG), neutrophil elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 cleaved C5aR to a 26- to 27-kDa membrane-bound fragment, thereby inactivating its C5a-induced signaling ability. In a supernatant transfer assay, NSPs released from neutrophils in response to C5a induced the cleavage of the C5aR on unstimulated cells. Stimulation of myeolomonocytic U937 cells and purified neutrophils with C5a resulted in downregulation of the C5aR on these cells, which, in the case of U937 cells, was largely caused by NSP-mediated cleavage of C5aR, but in the case of neutrophils, intracellular degradation was likely the main mediator in addition to a small role for NSPs. CG and NE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients both contributed to C5aR cleavage. We propose two converging models for C5a- and NSP-mediated neutrophil dysfunction whereby C5aR cleavage is induced by NSPs, secreted in response to: 1) excess C5a generation or other stimuli; or 2) necrosis. The consequent impairment of C5aR activity contributes to suboptimal local neutrophil priming and bacterial clearance. NSP inhibitors with specificity for both CG and NE may aid the treatment of pathologies associated with neutrophil dysfunction including sepsis and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W van den Berg
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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190
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Nishiura H, Zhao R, Chen J, Taniguchi K, Yamamoto T. Involvement of regional neutrophil apoptosis promotion by ribosomal protein S19 oligomers in resolution of experimental acute inflammation. Pathol Int 2014; 63:581-90. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishiura
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Life Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Life Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Life Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Keisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Life Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Life Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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191
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Association of immune and metabolic receptors C5aR and C5L2 with adiposity in women. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:413921. [PMID: 24523571 PMCID: PMC3913464 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue receptors C5aR and C5L2 and their heterodimerization/functionality and interaction with ligands C5a and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have been evaluated in cell and rodent studies. Their contribution to obesity factors in humans remains unclear. We hypothesized that C5a receptors, classically required for host defense, are also associated with adiposity. Anthropometry and fasting blood parameters were measured in 136 women divided by body mass index (BMI): normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m(2); n = 34), obese I (≤45 kg/m(2); n = 33), obese II (≤51 kg/m(2); n = 33), and obese III (≤80 kg/m(2); n = 36). Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue C5aR and C5L2 expression were analysed. C5L2 expression was comparable between subcutaneous and omental across all BMI groups. Plasma ASP and ASP/omental C5L2 expression increased with BMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, resp.). While plasma C5a was unchanged, C5aR expression decreased with increasing BMI in subcutaneous and omental tissues (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.), with subcutaneous omental depots. Omental C5L2/C5aR ratio increased with BMI (P < 0.01) with correlations between C5L2/C5aR and waist circumference, HDL-C, and adiponectin. Tissue and BMI differences in receptors and ligands, particularly in omental, suggest relationship to metabolic disturbances and highlight adipose-immune interactions.
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192
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Karsten CM, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Functional analysis of C5a effector responses in vitro and in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1100:291-304. [PMID: 24218268 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-724-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
C5a is a powerful proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediator as evidenced by its involvement in infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases as well as in cancer. C5a exerts most of its biologic functions through binding and activation of the G protein-coupled C5a receptor (C5aR). C5aR activation promotes complex signaling pathways eventually resulting in increased intracellular calcium (Ca(2+))i concentration. One of the prototypic effector functions associated with C5aR activation is the reconfiguration of the cell cytoskeleton resulting in increased cell motility and ligand-specific cell migration. Here, we describe three assays to assess C5a-mediated effector functions: (1) increase in (Ca(2+))i in bone marrow-derived neutrophils using the intracellular fluorescent Ca(2+)-sensitive indicator Fluo-4 AM and flow cytometry-based methods; (2) in vitro migration of murine, bone marrow-derived neutrophils using a modified Boyden chamber; and (3) in vivo migration of neutrophils from the circulation into the peritoneal cavity. To control for the specificity of the C5a-mediated effects, C5aR-deficient mice, neutralizing C5aR-specific antibodies and potent pharmacologic C5aR inhibitors are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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193
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Guo Q, Cheng J, Zhang J, Su B, Bian C, Lin S, Zhong C. Delayed post-injury administration of C5a improves regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:318-25. [PMID: 23855891 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of a complement system can aggravate the secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, it was reported recently that the activation of a complement could have both a secondary injury and a neuroprotective effect, in which C5a is the most important factor, but there is no direct evidence for this dual effect of C5a after SCI. In order to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of C5a after SCI, in this study ectogenic C5a was injected intraperitoneally before/after SCI in vivo, or administrated to mechanically injured neurones in vitro; following this, neurone apoptosis, neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration and functional recovery were investigated. The in-vivo experiments indicated that, following treatment with C5a 24 h before or immediately after injury, locomotor function was impaired significantly. However, when treatment with C5a took place 24 h after injury, locomotor function improved significantly. In-vitro experiments indicated that a certain concentration of C5a (50-100 nM) could inhibit caspase-3-mediated neurone apoptosis by binding to its receptor CD88, and that it could even promote the neurite outgrowth of uninjured neurones. In conclusion, delayed post-injury administration of C5a within a certain concentration could exert its neuroprotective effect through inhibiting caspase-3-mediated neurone apoptosis and promoting neurite outgrowth of uninjured neurones as well. These data suggest that C5a may have opposite functions in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after SCI. The dual roles of C5a have to be taken into account when measures are taken to inhibit complement activation in order to promote regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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194
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Spaan AN, Henry T, van Rooijen WJM, Perret M, Badiou C, Aerts PC, Kemmink J, de Haas CJC, van Kessel KPM, Vandenesch F, Lina G, van Strijp JAG. The staphylococcal toxin Panton-Valentine Leukocidin targets human C5a receptors. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:584-594. [PMID: 23684309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxin linked to severe invasive infections. Target-cell and species specificity of PVL are poorly understood, and the mechanism of action of this toxin in Staphylococcus aureus virulence is controversial. Here, we identify the human complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 as host targets of PVL, mediating both toxin binding and cytotoxicity. Expression and interspecies variations of the C5aR determine cell and species specificity of PVL. The C5aR binding PVL component, LukS-PV, is a potent inhibitor of C5a-induced immune cell activation. These findings provide insight into leukocidin function and staphylococcal virulence and offer directions for future investigations into individual susceptibility to severe staphylococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- András N Spaan
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Magali Perret
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kemmink
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kok P M van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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195
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Croker DE, Halai R, Fairlie DP, Cooper MA. C5a, but not C5a-des Arg, induces upregulation of heteromer formation between complement C5a receptors C5aR and C5L2. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:625-33. [PMID: 24060963 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for C5a have an important role in innate immunity and inflammation where their expression and activation is tightly regulated. There are two known receptors for C5a: the C5a receptor (C5aR) and the C5a receptor like-2 (C5L2) receptor. Here we hypothesized that activation of C5aR might lead to heteromer formation with C5L2, as a downregulatory mechanism for C5aR signaling. To investigate this experimentally, bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) was implemented and supported by wide-field microscopy to analyze receptor localization in transfected HEK293 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). BRET experiments indicated the presence of constitutive C5aR-C5L2 heteromers, where C5a, but not C5a-des Arg, was able to induce further heteromer formation, which was inhibited by a C5aR-specific antagonist. The data obtained suggest that C5aR-C5L2 can form heteromers in a process enhanced by C5a, but not by C5a-des Arg. There was also a significant difference in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 detected in HMDM following exposure to C5a compared with that seen for C5a-des Arg but no differences in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. These subtle differences in C5a and C5a-des Arg induced receptor function may be of benefit in understanding the regulation of C5a in acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Croker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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196
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Seow V, Lim J, Iyer A, Suen JY, Ariffin JK, Hohenhaus DM, Sweet MJ, Fairlie DP. Inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide are amplified in primary human monocytes but suppressed in macrophages by complement protein C5a. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4308-16. [PMID: 24043889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are important innate immune cells equipped with danger-sensing receptors, including complement and Toll-like receptors. Complement protein C5a, acting via C5aR, is shown in this study to differentially modulate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in primary human monocytes versus macrophages. Whereas C5a enhanced secretion of LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF from primary human monocytes, C5a inhibited these responses while increasing IL-10 secretion in donor-matched human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated by GM-CSF or M-CSF. Gαi/c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling induced by C5a was amplified in macrophages but not in monocytes by LPS. Accordingly, the Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin and MEK inhibitor U0126 blocked C5a inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF production from macrophages. This synergy was independent of IL-10, PI3K, p38, JNK, and the differentiating agent. Furthermore, C5a did not inhibit IL-6 production from macrophages induced by other TLR agonists that are selective for Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) or MyD88 (imiquimod), demonstrating selectivity for C5a regulation of LPS responses. Finally, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF in macrophages did not compromise antimicrobial activity; instead, C5a enhanced clearance of the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from macrophages. C5aR is thus a regulatory switch that modulates TLR4 signaling via the Gαi/c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling axis in human macrophages but not monocytes. The differential effects of C5a are consistent with amplifying monocyte proinflammatory responses to systemic danger signals, but attenuating macrophage cytokine responses (without compromising microbicidal activity), thereby restraining inflammatory responses to localized infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Seow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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197
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Gu J, Ding JY, Lu CL, Lin ZW, Chu YW, Zhao GY, Guo J, Ge D. Overexpression of CD88 predicts poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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198
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Jain U, Woodruff TM, Stadnyk AW. The C5a receptor antagonist PMX205 ameliorates experimentally induced colitis associated with increased IL-4 and IL-10. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:488-501. [PMID: 22924972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-complement therapies have not been advanced for treating the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) despite a growing body of evidence that blocking C5a protects against induced colitis in rodents. The purpose of this study was to further build on this evidence by examining the efficacy, mechanism and specificity of a potent, non-competitive and orally active C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist, PMX205, in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of murine innate colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice with DSS added to their drinking water were orally administered 100 or 200 μg day(-1) PMX205 in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. Clinical illness, colon histology and local generation of inflammatory mediators were measured to evaluate the impact of PMX205 on disease. KEY RESULTS PMX205 significantly prevented DSS-induced colon inflammation in both regimens, associated with lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production and nitrotyrosine staining in colon sections. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. PMX205 had no significant effect on C5a levels. The beneficial effect of PMX205 was seen in two strains of mice of differing sensitivities to DSS inflammation, but was inactive in mice lacking CD88. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacological inhibition of C5a activity by PMX205 is efficacious in preventing DSS-induced colitis, providing further evidence that targeting CD88 in IBD patients could be a valuable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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199
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Klos A, Wende E, Wareham KJ, Monk PN. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXVII. Complement peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:500-43. [PMID: 23383423 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the complement cascade, a cornerstone of the innate immune response, produces a number of small (74-77 amino acid) fragments, originally termed anaphylatoxins, that are potent chemoattractants and secretagogues that act on a wide variety of cell types. These fragments, C5a, C4a, and C3a, participate at all levels of the immune response and are also involved in other processes such as neural development and organ regeneration. Their primary function, however, is in inflammation, so they are important targets for the development of antiinflammatory therapies. Only three receptors for complement peptides have been found, but there are no satisfactory antagonists as yet, despite intensive investigation. In humans, there is a single receptor for C3a (C3a receptor), no known receptor for C4a, and two receptors for C5a (C5a₁ receptor and C5a₂ receptor). The most recently characterized receptor, the C5a₂ receptor (previously known as C5L2 or GPR77), has been regarded as a passive binding protein, but signaling activities are now ascribed to it, so we propose that it be formally identified as a receptor and be given a name to reflect this. Here, we describe the complex biology of the complement peptides, introduce a new suggested nomenclature, and review our current knowledge of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klos
- Department for Medical Microbiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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200
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Guo Q, Cheng J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Su B, Bian C, Lin S. Expressions of C5a and its receptor CD88 after spinal cord injury in C3-deficient mice. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:224-9. [PMID: 23033813 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of complement system can aggravate the secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our previous study indicates that the interception of complement activation by C3 deficiency can reduce the secondary injury and improve the regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. However, recently, it was reported that C5a which was generated during the complement activation pathways also had a protective effect on neurons, but whether it has the similar effect after SCI is unknown. To investigate the possibility and mechanism of the protective effect of C5a on neurons, it is necessary to study the expression profiles of C5a and its receptor CD88 after SCI and the influence on their expression when C3 was knocked out. By immunohistochemistry and Western blot, we found that in wild-type (WT) mice, both the expression of C5a and its receptor CD88 increased significantly, and there were two peaks during their expression after SCI. However, in C3-deficient mice, the expression of C5a still increased after SCI, although it was lower than that in WT group at every time points after SCI, and the expression of CD88 remained stable. Our study suggests that the expressions of C5a and CD88 can be inhibited in different degrees after SCI when the activation of complement system is blocked through C3 deficiency, which can reduce the secondary injury caused by C5a after SCI on one hand but deprive neurons of the possible protective effect from C5a on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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