151
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Rodrigues I, Choct M. The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3188-3206. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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152
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Impaired Autophagy in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Alters Gut Microbiota and Host Immune Responses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00880-18. [PMID: 30006408 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00880-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing and maintaining beneficial interactions between the host and associated gut microbiota are pivotal requirements for host health. Autophagy is an important catabolic recycling pathway that degrades long-lived proteins and some organelles by lysosome to maintain cellular homeostasis. Although impaired autophagy is thought to be closely correlated with Crohn's disease (CD), the functional role of autophagy in the maintenance of gut microbiota is poorly understood. As autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) is a key gene associated with the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles, we established a gut-specific Atg5 knockout mouse model, and we found that the disruption of autophagic flux in the intenstinal epithelium cells dramatically altered the composition of the gut microbiota and reduced alpha diversity. Microbial function prediction indicated that the pathway allocated for infectious diseases was enriched in Atg5-/- mice. "Candidatus Arthromitus" and the Pasteurellaceae family were increased in Atg5-/- mice, whereas Akkermansia muciniphila and the Lachnospiraceae family were reduced. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two key inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related transcription factors, RORC and TBX21, of host cells were upregulated in Atg5-/- mice, thus elevating the Muc2-related immunological response. The findings suggest that intestinal autophagy plays a vital role in modulating the diversity and composition of gut microbiota.IMPORTANCE The homeostasis of host-microbiota interactions is of great importance to host health. Previous studies demonstrated that disruption of autophagy was linked to inflammatory bowel disease. However, the interaction mechanism of gut microbiota regulated by autophagy was obscure. In an intestinal epithelium-specific autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) knockout mouse model, we observed a significant alteration and decreased diversity in the gut microbiota of Atg5-deficient mice compared with that of wild-type mice. Although the numbers of some organisms (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family) associated with the control of inflammation decreased, those of proinflammationory bacteria (e.g., "Candidatus Arthromitus") and potential pathogens (the Pasteurellaceae family) increased in Atg5-/- mice. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that two key genes, RORC and TBX21, involved in inflammatory bowel disease were upregulated in Atg5-/- mice. Our study suggests that Atg5 deficiency results in an imbalance of the host-microbe interaction and deterioration of the gut microenvironment.
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153
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Transgenic Eimeria tenella Expressing Profilin of Eimeria maxima Elicits Enhanced Protective Immunity and Alters Gut Microbiome of Chickens. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00888-17. [PMID: 29967093 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00888-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most serious diseases of livestock and birds in the world. Vaccination with live-parasite anticoccidial vaccines with genetic manipulation improving the immunogenicity of vaccine strains would be the best means for controlling coccidiosis in breeder and layer stocks, even in fast-growing broilers. Profilin from apicomplexan parasites is the first molecularly defined ligand for Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and TLR12 in mice and is a potential molecular adjuvant. Here, we constructed a transgenic Eimeria tenella line (Et-EmPro) expressing the profilin of Eimeria maxima, the most immunogenic species of chicken coccidia, and evaluated the adjuvant effects of EmPro on the immunogenicity of E. tenella We found that immunization with the transgenic Eimeria parasites, compared with the wild type, elicited greater parasite antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, characterized by increased numbers of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting lymphocytes. The transgenic parasite also induced better protective immunity against E. tenella challenge than the wild type. In addition, the diversity of the fecal microbiome of the birds immunized with the transgenic parasite differed from that of the microbiome of the wild-type-immunized birds, indicating interactions of Eimeria with the gut microbiome of chickens. Our results showing enhanced immunogenicity of E. tenella by use of EmPro as a molecular adjuvant derived from the most immunogenic affinis species represent a large step forward in the development of the next generation of coccidiosis vaccines using Eimeria as a vaccine platform expressing molecular adjuvants and potentially other pathogen antigens against not only coccidiosis but also other infectious diseases.
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154
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Shi Y, Kellingray L, Zhai Q, Gall GL, Narbad A, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Structural and Functional Alterations in the Microbial Community and Immunological Consequences in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1948. [PMID: 30186263 PMCID: PMC6110884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish continuous therapeutic-dose ampicillin (CTDA)-induced dysbiosis in a mouse model, mimicking typical adult exposure, with a view to using this to assess its impact on gut microbiota, intestinal metabolites and host immune responses. Mice were exposed to ampicillin for 14 days and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was evaluated by alteration of microbiota and gut permeability. The cecal index was increased in the CTDA group, and the gut permeability indicated by fluorescent dextran, endotoxin and D-Lactate in the serum was significantly increased after antibiotic use. The tight-junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in the colon were reduced to half the control level in CTDA. We found that alpha-diversity was significantly decreased in mice receiving CTDA, and microbial community structure was altered compared with the control. Key taxa were identified as CTDA-specific, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Klebsiella was particularly enriched while Lachnospiraceae, Coprobacillus and Dorea were depleted after antibiotic treatment. In particular, a significant increase in succinate and a reduction in butyrate was detected in CTDA mice, and the triggering of NF-κB enhancement reflected that the host immune response was influenced by ampicillin use. The observed perturbation of the microbiota was accompanied by modulation of inflammatory state; this included increase in interferon-γ and RegIIIγ, and a decrease in secretory IgA in the colon mucosa. This study allowed us to identify the key taxa associated with an ampicillin-induced state of dysbiosis in mice and to characterize the microbial communities via molecular profiling. Thus, this work describes the bacterial ecology of antibiotic exposure model in combination with host physiological characteristics at a detailed level of microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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155
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Absorption of Codonopsis pilosula Saponins by Coexisting Polysaccharides Alleviates Gut Microbial Dysbiosis with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Model Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1781036. [PMID: 30211217 PMCID: PMC6120299 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1781036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease, and the gut microbiota has become a new therapeutic target. Herbal medicine (HM) has shown good efficacy in the clinical treatment of IBD; however, the synergistic actions of the dominant chemicals in HM decoctions are unclear. Methods In this study, we explored whether the complicated interconnections between HM and the gut microbiota could allow crosstalk between HM ingredients. Saponins and polysaccharides, i.e., the dominant chemicals in the Codonopsis pilosula Nannf (CPN) decoction, were investigated in a dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mouse model. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed the change of gut microbiota structure and diversity. Gas chromatography (GC) determined the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. ELISA detected the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with TH17/Treg balance. UPLC-QTOF-MS technology combined with PKsolver software analyzed the absorption of the highest exposure for monomeric compounds of CPN saponins in serum. The results indicated that CPN polysaccharides showed prebiotic-like effects in mice with DSS-induced colitis by simultaneously stimulating the growth of three important probiotics, i.e., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Akkermansia spp., and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including Desulfovibrio spp., Alistipes spp., and Helicobacter spp. Moreover, CPN polysaccharides improved intestinal metabolism, enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids, upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and downregulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with Th17/Treg balance, promoted the absorption of certain CPN saponins in the serum, and stimulated recovery of the holistic gut microbiota. Conclusion CPN polysaccharides have the good prebiotic properties and shown good application prospects in the prevention and treatment of acute colitis. These findings provide insights into the specific bacteria responsible for active, inactive biotransformation of HM ingredients and those that are altered by HM administration.
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156
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Effects of Different Doses of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Mice Fecal Microbiota, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081105. [PMID: 30115879 PMCID: PMC6115998 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a well-known class of prebiotic and are considered to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. Previous studies focused on the growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium, but they did not further investigate the bifidobacterial composition and the specific species that were stimulated. In this study, mice were fed with FOS in different doses for four weeks and the composition of fecal microbiota, in particular Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region and the groEL gene on the MiSeq platform, respectively. In the high-dose group, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased, which was mainly contributed by Bifidobacterium. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Blautia and Coprococcus were also significantly increased. Through the groEL sequencing, 14 species of Bifidobacterium were identified, among which B. pseudolongum was most abundant. After FOS treatment, B. pseudolongum became almost the sole bifidobacterial species (>95%). B. pseudolongum strains were isolated and demonstrated their ability to metabolize FOS by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, we inferred that FOS significantly stimulated the growth of B. pseudolongum in mice. Further investigations are needed to reveal the mechanism of selectiveness between FOS and B. pseudolongum, which would aid our understanding of the basic principles between dietary carbohydrates and host health.
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157
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Su J, Su L, Li D, Shuai O, Zhang Y, Liang H, Jiao C, Xu Z, Lai Y, Xie Y. Antitumor Activity of Extract From the Sporoderm-Breaking Spore of Ganoderma lucidum: Restoration on Exhausted Cytotoxic T Cell With Gut Microbiota Remodeling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1765. [PMID: 30108589 PMCID: PMC6079217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women population worldwide, ongoing endeavor has been made for alternative regimens with improved efficacy but fewer adverse effects. Recently, active components from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum have attracted much attention for their versatile biological activities owing to the advance in sporoderm-breaking technology. Here, anticancer potential of an extract derived from the sporoderm-breaking spores of G. lucidum (ESG) was explored in a 4T1-breast cancer xenograft mice model. Results showed that ESG was able to suppress 4T1 tumor growth in vivo rather than in vitro. Flowcytometry analysis revealed that ESG could significantly increase both cytotoxic T cell (Tc) population and the ratio of Tc to helper T cell (Th) in peripheral blood of the tumor-bearing mouse; similar promotion on Tc was also found in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte. Moreover, ESG evidently downregulated the two immune checkpoints, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1, in the spleen) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4, in the tumor), suggesting that ESG could effectively restore the T cell paradigm by recovering the exhaustion status via suppressing the co-inhibitory checkpoints. By 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis on the fecal microbiota, it was found that ESG would remodeling the overall structure of the samples from tumor-bearing mice toward that of the normal counterparts, including 18 genera in 5 phyla, together with regulations on several genes that are responsible for signaling pathways involved in metabolism, cellular processes, and environmental information processing. Collectively, this study demonstrated that ESG would serve as a natural anticancer adjuvant via a restoration on the exhausted Tc, highlighting important clinical implications for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Su
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Shuai
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijia Liang
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Jiao
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Lai
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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158
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Maraci Ö, Engel K, Caspers BA. Olfactory Communication via Microbiota: What Is Known in Birds? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E387. [PMID: 30065222 PMCID: PMC6116157 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal bodies harbour a complex and diverse community of microorganisms and accumulating evidence has revealed that microbes can influence the hosts' behaviour, for example by altering body odours. Microbial communities produce odorant molecules as metabolic by-products and thereby modulate the biochemical signalling profiles of their animal hosts. As the diversity and the relative abundance of microbial species are influenced by several factors including host-specific factors, environmental factors and social interactions, there are substantial individual variations in the composition of microbial communities. In turn, the variations in microbial communities would consequently affect social and communicative behaviour by influencing recognition cues of the hosts. Therefore, microbiota studies have a great potential to expand our understanding of recognition of conspecifics, group members and kin. In this review, we aim to summarize existing knowledge of the factors influencing the microbial communities and the effect of microbiota on olfactory cue production and social and communicative behaviour. We concentrate on avian taxa, yet we also include recent research performed on non-avian species when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öncü Maraci
- Research Group Chemical Signalling, Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Engel
- Research Group Chemical Signalling, Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Barbara A Caspers
- Research Group Chemical Signalling, Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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159
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Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11159. [PMID: 30042392 PMCID: PMC6057944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red-shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus) are endangered, foregut-fermenting colobine primates which are difficult to maintain in captivity. There are critical gaps in our understanding of their natural lifestyle, including dietary habits such as consumption of leaves, unripe fruit, flowers, seeds, and other plant parts. There is also a lack of understanding of enteric adaptations, including their unique microflora. To address these knowledge gaps, we used the douc as a model to study relationships between gastrointestinal microbial community structure and lifestyle. We analyzed published fecal samples as well as detailed dietary history from doucs with four distinct lifestyles (wild, semi-wild, semi-captive, and captive) and determined gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. A clear gradient of microbiome composition was revealed along an axis of natural lifestyle disruption, including significant associations with diet, biodiversity, and microbial function. We also identified potential microbial biomarkers of douc dysbiosis, including Bacteroides and Prevotella, which may be related to health. Our results suggest a gradient-like shift in captivity causes an attendant shift to severe gut dysbiosis, thereby resulting in gastrointestinal issues.
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160
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Pandit RJ, Hinsu AT, Patel NV, Koringa PG, Jakhesara SJ, Thakkar JR, Shah TM, Limon G, Psifidi A, Guitian J, Hume DA, Tomley FM, Rank DN, Raman M, Tirumurugaan KG, Blake DP, Joshi CG. Microbial diversity and community composition of caecal microbiota in commercial and indigenous Indian chickens determined using 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:115. [PMID: 29935540 PMCID: PMC6015460 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The caecal microbiota plays a key role in chicken health and performance, influencing digestion and absorption of nutrients, and contributing to defence against colonisation by invading pathogens. Measures of productivity and resistance to pathogen colonisation are directly influenced by chicken genotype, but host driven variation in microbiome structure is also likely to exert a considerable indirect influence. METHODS Here, we define the caecal microbiome of indigenous Indian Aseel and Kadaknath chicken breeds and compare them with the global commercial broiler Cobb400 and Ross 308 lines using 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Each caecal microbiome was dominated by the genera Bacteroides, unclassified bacteria, unclassified Clostridiales, Clostridium, Alistipes, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium and Blautia. Geographic location (a measure recognised to include variation in environmental and climatic factors, but also likely to feature varied management practices) and chicken line/breed were both found to exert significant impacts (p < 0.05) on caecal microbiome composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed 42 breed-specific biomarkers in the chicken lines reared under controlled conditions at two different locations. CONCLUSION Chicken breed-specific variation in bacterial occurrence, correlation between genera and clustering of operational taxonomic units indicate scope for quantitative genetic analysis and the possibility of selective breeding of chickens for defined enteric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh J Pandit
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Ankit T Hinsu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Namrata V Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Prakash G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Subhash J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Jalpa R Thakkar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Tejas M Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - Georgina Limon
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Javier Guitian
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Fiona M Tomley
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Dharamshibhai N Rank
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
| | - M Raman
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007, India
| | - K G Tirumurugaan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Damer P Blake
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India
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161
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Sun MF, Zhu YL, Zhou ZL, Jia XB, Xu YD, Yang Q, Cui C, Shen YQ. Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:48-60. [PMID: 29471030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display alterations in gut microbiota composition. However, mechanism between gut microbial dysbiosis and pathogenesis of PD remains unexplored, and no recognized therapies are available to halt or slow progression of PD. Here we identified that gut microbiota from PD mice induced motor impairment and striatal neurotransmitter decrease on normal mice. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that phylum Firmicutes and order Clostridiales decreased, while phylum Proteobacteria, order Turicibacterales and Enterobacteriales increased in fecal samples of PD mice, along with increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Remarkably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduced gut microbial dysbiosis, decreased fecal SCFAs, alleviated physical impairment, and increased striatal DA and 5-HT content of PD mice. Further, FMT reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra, and reduced expression of TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway components in gut and brain. Our study demonstrates that gut microbial dysbiosis is involved in PD pathogenesis, and FMT can protect PD mice by suppressing neuroinflammation and reducing TLR4/TNF-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue-Bing Jia
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi-Da Xu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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162
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Wang J, Chen L, Zhao N, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhu B. Of genes and microbes: solving the intricacies in host genomes. Protein Cell 2018; 9:446-461. [PMID: 29611114 PMCID: PMC5960464 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome research is a quickly developing field in biomedical research, and we have witnessed its potential in understanding the physiology, metabolism and immunology, its critical role in understanding the health and disease of the host, and its vast capacity in disease prediction, intervention and treatment. However, many of the fundamental questions still need to be addressed, including the shaping forces of microbial diversity between individuals and across time. Microbiome research falls into the classical nature vs. nurture scenario, such that host genetics shape part of the microbiome, while environmental influences change the original course of microbiome development. In this review, we focus on the nature, i.e., the genetic part of the equation, and summarize the recent efforts in understanding which parts of the genome, especially the human and mouse genome, play important roles in determining the composition and functions of microbial communities, primarily in the gut but also on the skin. We aim to present an overview of different approaches in studying the intricate relationships between host genetic variations and microbes, its underlying philosophy and methodology, and we aim to highlight a few key discoveries along this exploration, as well as current pitfalls. More evidence and results will surely appear in upcoming studies, and the accumulating knowledge will lead to a deeper understanding of what we could finally term a "hologenome", that is, the organized, closely interacting genome of the host and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xizhan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yakun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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163
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Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A. Current Perspectives of the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Microbiome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:131-139. [PMID: 30026889 PMCID: PMC6047366 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens are essential for the gut homeostasis, the host metabolism and affect the animals' physiology and health. They play an important role in nutrient digestion, pathogen inhibition and interact with the gut-associated immune system. Throughout the last years high-throughput sequencing technologies have been used to analyze the bacterial communities that colonize the different sections of chickens' gut. The most common methodologies are targeted amplicon sequencing followed by metagenome shotgun sequencing as well as metaproteomics aiming at a broad range of topics such as dietary effects, animal diseases, bird performance and host genetics. However, the respective analyses are still at the beginning and currently there is a lack of information in regard to the activity and functional characterization of the gut microbial communities. In the future, the use of multi-omics approaches may enhance research related to chicken production, animal and also public health. Furthermore, combinations with other disciplines such as genomics, immunology and physiology may have the potential to elucidate the definition of a "healthy" gut microbiota.
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164
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Zhang J, Ding X, Guan R, Zhu C, Xu C, Zhu B, Zhang H, Xiong Z, Xue Y, Tu J, Lu Z. Evaluation of different 16S rRNA gene V regions for exploring bacterial diversity in a eutrophic freshwater lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1254-1267. [PMID: 29089134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Massive partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has become the predominant tool used for studying microbial ecology. However, determining which hypervariable regions and primer sets should be used for screening microbial communities requires extensive investigation if controversial results are to be avoided. Here, the performances of different variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene on bacterial diversity studies were evaluated in silico with respect to the SILVA non-redundant reference database (SILVA SSU Ref 123NR), and subsequently verified using samples from Lake Taihu in China, a eutrophic lake. We found that the bacterial community composition results were strongly impacted by the different V regions. The results show that V1-V2 and V1-V3 regions were the most reliable regions in the full-length 16S rRNA sequences, while most V3 to V6 regions (including V3, V4, V3-V4, V5, V4-V5, V6, V3-V6, V4-V6, and V5-V6) were more closely aligned with the SILVA SSU Ref 123NR database. Overall, V4 was the most prominent V region for achieving good domain specificity, higher coverage and a broader spectrum in the Bacteria domain, as confirmed by the validation experiments. S-D-Bact-0564-a-S-15/S-D-Bact-0785-b-A-18 is, therefore, a promising primer set for surveying bacterial diversity in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhang
- State Key Lab for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Wuxi 214121, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Lab for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Guan
- State Key Lab for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Congmin Zhu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division/Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Wuxi 214121, China
| | - Bingchuan Zhu
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Wuxi 214121, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Wuxi 214121, China
| | - Zhipeng Xiong
- Lake Taihu Cyanobacterial Blooms Research Institute, Wuxi Metagene Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection of Water Environment Biological Monitoring of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Jing Tu
- State Key Lab for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Lab for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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165
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Chen ZM, Chang WH, Zheng AJ, Zhang S, Cai HY, Liu GH. Comparison of Gut Microbial Diversity in Beijing Oil and Arbor Acres Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZM Chen
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | | | | | - S Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - HY Cai
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - GH Liu
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
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166
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Kers JG, Velkers FC, Fischer EAJ, Hermes GDA, Stegeman JA, Smidt H. Host and Environmental Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29503637 PMCID: PMC5820305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial development of intestinal microbiota in poultry plays an important role in production performance, overall health and resistance against microbial infections. Multiplexed sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons is often used in studies, such as feed intervention or antimicrobial drug trials, to determine corresponding effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, considerable variation of intestinal microbiota composition has been observed both within and across studies. Such variation may in part be attributed to technical factors, such as sampling procedures, sample storage, DNA extraction, the choice of PCR primers and corresponding region to be sequenced, and the sequencing platforms used. Furthermore, part of this variation in microbiota composition may also be explained by different host characteristics and environmental factors. To facilitate the improvement of design, reproducibility and interpretation of poultry microbiota studies, we have reviewed the literature on confounding factors influencing the observed intestinal microbiota in chickens. First, it has been identified that host-related factors, such as age, sex, and breed, have a large effect on intestinal microbiota. The diversity of chicken intestinal microbiota tends to increase most during the first weeks of life, and corresponding colonization patterns seem to differ between layer- and meat-type chickens. Second, it has been found that environmental factors, such as biosecurity level, housing, litter, feed access and climate also have an effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As microbiota studies have to deal with many of these unknown or hidden host and environmental variables, the choice of study designs can have a great impact on study outcomes and interpretation of the data. Providing details on a broad range of host and environmental factors in articles and sequence data repositories is highly recommended. This creates opportunities to combine data from different studies for meta-analysis, which will facilitate scientific breakthroughs toward nutritional and husbandry associated strategies to improve animal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannigje G. Kers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Francisca C. Velkers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Egil A. J. Fischer
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerben D. A. Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. A. Stegeman
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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167
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Shi Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Narbad A, Chen W. A mixture of Lactobacillus species isolated from traditional fermented foods promote recovery from antibiotic-induced intestinal disruption in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:842-854. [PMID: 29314490 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the antibiotic-induced changes in microbial ecology, intestinal dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation; and the combined effect of four different Lactobacillus species on recovery of microbiota composition and improvement of gut barrier function in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of the antibiotic ampicillin for 2 weeks decreased microbial community diversity, induced caecum tumefaction and increased gut permeability in mice. Application of a probiotic cocktail of four Lactobacillus species (JUP-Y4) modulated the microbiota community structure and promoted the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. Ampicillin administration led to a decline in Bacteroidetes from 46·6 ± 3·91% to 0·264 ± 0·0362%; the addition of JUP-Y4 restored this to 41·4 ± 2·87%. This probiotic supplementation was more effective than natural restoration, where the levels of Bacteroidetes were only restored to 29·3 ± 2·07%. Interestingly, JUP-Y4 treatment was more effective in the restoration of microbiota in faecal samples than in caecal samples. JUP-Y4 also significantly reduced the levels of d-lactate and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in the serum of mice, and increased the expression of tight-junction proteins while reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, IFN-γ and IL-1β) in the ileum and the colon of antibiotic-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS JUP-Y4 not only promoted recovery from antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, but also enhanced the function of the gut barrier, reduced inflammation and lowered levels of circulating endotoxin in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Consumption of a mixture of Lactobacillus species may encourage faster recovery from antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and gut microbiota-related immune disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - A Narbad
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, UK.,Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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168
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Hale VL, Tan CL, Niu K, Yang Y, Knight R, Zhang Q, Cui D, Amato KR. Diet Versus Phylogeny: a Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Captive Colobine Monkey Species. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:515-527. [PMID: 28735426 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both diet and host phylogeny shape the gut microbial community, and separating out the effects of these variables can be challenging. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the impact of diet and phylogeny on the gut microbiota of nine colobine monkey species (N = 64 individuals). Colobines are leaf-eating monkeys that fare poorly in captivity-often exhibiting gastrointestinal (GI) problems. This study included eight Asian colobines (Rhinopithecus brelichi, Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus bieti, Pygathrix nemaeus, Nasalis larvatus, Trachypithecus francoisi, Trachypithecus auratus, and Trachypithecus vetulus) and one African colobine (Colobus guereza). Monkeys were housed at five different captive institutes: Panxi Wildlife Rescue Center (Guizhou, China), Beijing Zoo, Beijing Zoo Breeding Center, Singapore Zoo, and Singapore Zoo Primate Conservation Breeding Center. Captive diets varied widely between institutions, but within an institution, all colobine monkey species were fed nearly identical or identical diets. In addition, four monkey species were present at multiple captive institutes. This allowed us to parse the effects of diet and phylogeny in these captive colobines. Gut microbial communities clustered weakly by host species and strongly by diet, and overall, colobine phylogenetic relationships were not reflected in gut microbiota analyses. Core microbiota analyses also identified several key taxa-including microbes within the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families-that were shared by over 90% of the monkeys in this study. Microbial species within these families include many butyrate producers that are important for GI health. These results highlight the importance of diet in captive colobines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Hale
- Microbiome Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Chia L Tan
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, 92027, USA
| | - Kefeng Niu
- Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Administration, Tongren, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Yeqin Yang
- Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Administration, Tongren, China
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duoying Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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169
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Fecal Microbiota Transplant from Highly Feed-Efficient Donors Shows Little Effect on Age-Related Changes in Feed-Efficiency-Associated Fecal Microbiota from Chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02330-17. [PMID: 29101192 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02330-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens with good or poor feed efficiency (FE) have been shown to differ in their intestinal microbiota composition. This study investigated differences in the fecal bacterial community of highly and poorly feed-efficient chickens at 16 and 29 days posthatch (dph) and evaluated whether a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from feed-efficient donors early in life can affect the fecal microbiota in chickens at 16 and 29 dph and chicken FE and nutrient retention at 4 weeks of age. A total of 110 chickens were inoculated with a FMT or a control transplant (CT) on dph 1, 6, and 9 and ranked according to residual feed intake (RFI; the metric for FE) on 30 dph. Fifty-six chickens across both inoculation groups were selected as the extremes in RFI (29 low, 27 high). RFI-related fecal bacterial profiles were discernible at 16 and 29 dph. In particular, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Anaerobacterium operational taxonomic units were associated with low RFI (good FE). Multiple administrations of the FMT only slightly changed the fecal bacterial composition, which was supported by weighted UniFrac analysis, showing similar bacterial communities in the feces of both inoculation groups at 16 and 29 dph. Moreover, the FMT did not change the RFI and nutrient retention of highly and poorly feed-efficient recipients, whereas it tended to increase feed intake and body weight gain in female chickens. This finding suggests that host- and environment-related factors may more strongly affect chicken fecal microbiota and FE than the FMT.IMPORTANCE Modulating the chicken's early microbial colonization using a FMT from highly feed-efficient donor chickens may be a promising tool to establish a more desirable bacterial profile in recipient chickens, thereby improving host FE. Although FE-associated fecal bacterial profiles at 16 and 29 dph could be established, the microbiota composition of a FMT, when administered early in life, may not be a strong factor modulating the fecal microbiota at 2 to 4 weeks of life and reducing the variation in chicken's FE. Nevertheless, the present FMT may have potential benefits for growth performance in female chickens.
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170
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Kumar S, Chen C, Indugu N, Werlang GO, Singh M, Kim WK, Thippareddi H. Effect of antibiotic withdrawal in feed on chicken gut microbial dynamics, immunity, growth performance and prevalence of foodborne pathogens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192450. [PMID: 29444134 PMCID: PMC5812630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter, is a public health concern. Public demand to reduce the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feeding has resulted in greater adoption of antibiotic-free poultry production systems. There is a need to understand the effects of AGP removal from poultry feed on gut microbiota and its impact on prevalence of foodborne pathogens. The effect of antibiotic withdrawal from poultry feed on gut microbial community, host performance and immunity, and prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter was evaluated. Birds were raised on three phase diets (starter [d0-22], grower [d23-35] and finisher [d36-42]) with and without bacitracin dimethyl salicyclate (BMD). At early growth stage, bird performance was improved (P ≤ 0.05) with BMD treatment, whereas performance was better (P ≤ 0.05) in control group (no BMD in the feed) at the time of commercial processing. Acetate and butyrate production was affected (P ≤ 0.05) by age, whereas propionate production was affected (P ≤ 0.05) by both the treatment and age. The bacterial communities in the cecum were more diverse (P ≤ 0.001) and rich compared to the ileal communities, and they shifted in parallel to one another as the chicks matured. Differences in diversity and species richness were not observed (P > 0.05) between the BMD-fed and control groups. Comparing all ages, treatments and diets, the composition of cecal and ileal bacterial communities was different (P ≤ 0.001). Inclusion of BMD in the feed did not affect the bacterial phyla. However, predictable shift in the ileal and cecal bacterial population at lower taxonomic level was observed in control vs BMD-fed group. Cytokines gene expression (IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ, beta-defensin, and TLR-4) was affected (P≤ 0.05) in the BMD-fed group at early stages of growth. The prevalence of foodborne pathogens, Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. showed higher abundance in the ilea of BMD-fed chicks compared to control group. Overall, this study provided insight of the impact of AGP supplementation in the feed on gut microbial modulations, bird performance, host immunity and pathogen prevalence. This information can assist in designing alternative strategies to replace antibiotics in modern poultry production and for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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171
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Structural Modulation of Gut Microbiota during Alleviation of Suckling Piglets Diarrhoea with Herbal Formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8358151. [PMID: 29434646 PMCID: PMC5757150 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8358151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the traditional Chinese herbal formula of Shen Ling Baizhu (SLB) could modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and alleviate diarrhoea in suckling piglets, twenty-four newly born piglets (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were selected and allocated to 4 groups (control group and experimental groups I, II, and III) randomly. Faecal microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene 454-pyrosequencing. The result indicated that experimental groups I and II exhibited significantly different gut microbiota from the control group. Most notably, the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly elevated in experimental group II compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Collinsella and Faecalibacterium were also enhanced in experimental group II compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results showed that SLB treatment could modulate the gut microbiota composition of suckling piglets, enriching the amount of beneficial bacteria in particular. The observed changes in the gut microbiota could provide the basis for further research on the pharmacological mechanism of the tested Chinese herbal formula.
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172
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Lee KC, Kil DY, Sul WJ. Cecal microbiome divergence of broiler chickens by sex and body weight. J Microbiol 2017; 55:939-945. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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173
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Chen J, Zhang H, Wu X, Shang S, Yan J, Chen Y, Zhang H, Tang X. Characterization of the gut microbiota in the golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). AMB Express 2017; 7:81. [PMID: 28413853 PMCID: PMC5392452 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of mammals is a complex ecosystem, which is essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and the host's health. The high throughput sequencing allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the bacterial structure and diversity. In order to improve the health status of the endangered golden takins, we first characterized the fecal microbiota of healthy golden takins using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Our results showed that, Firstly, the gut microbiota community comprised 21 phyla, 40 classes, 62 orders, 96 families, and 216 genera. Firmicutes (67.59%) was the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes (23.57%) and Proteobacteria (2.37%). Secondly, the golden takin maintained higher richness in spring than in the winter while community diversity and evenness was not significantly different. Thirdly, four female golden takins demonstrated highly similar microbiota and the five golden takin males had relatively highly similar microbiota. All of our results might indicate that the fecal microbiota of golden takins were influenced by the season and the animal's sex. The findings provided theoretical basis regarding the gut microbiota of golden takins and may offer new insights to protect this endangered species.
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174
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Celi P, Cowieson A, Fru-Nji F, Steinert R, Kluenter AM, Verlhac V. Gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health: New opportunities for sustainable animal production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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175
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Xu S, Dou Y, Ye B, Wu Q, Wang Y, Hu M, Ma F, Rong X, Guo J. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides improve insulin sensitivity by regulating inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota composition in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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176
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Ding J, Dai R, Yang L, He C, Xu K, Liu S, Zhao W, Xiao L, Luo L, Zhang Y, Meng H. Inheritance and Establishment of Gut Microbiota in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1967. [PMID: 29067020 PMCID: PMC5641346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the microbiota can be transmitted from the placenta, uterus, and vagina of the mother to the infant. Unlike mammals, development of the avian embryo is a process isolated from the mother and thus in the avian embryo the gut microbial developmental process remains elusive. To explore the establishment and inheritance of the gut microbiome in the avian embryo, we used the chicken as the model organism to investigate the gut microbial composition in embryos, chicks, and maternal hens. We observed: (1) 28 phyla and 162 genera of microbes in embryos where the dominated genus was Halomonas (79%). (2) 65 genera were core microbiota in all stages with 42% and 62% gut microbial genera of embryo were found in maternal hen and chick, respectively. There was a moderate correlation (0.40) between the embryo and maternal, and 0.52 between the embryo and chick at the family level. (3) Gut microbes that are involved in substance metabolism, infectious disease, and environmental adaptation are enriched in embryos, chicks, and maternal hens, respectively. (4) 94% genera of gut microbial composition were similar among three different chicken breeds which were maintained under similar conditions. Our findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that part of the microbial colonizers harbored in early embryos were inherited from maternal hens, and the gut microbial abundance and diversity were influenced by environmental factors and host genetic variation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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177
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Xu X, Jia X, Mo L, Liu C, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhou X. Intestinal microbiota: a potential target for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Res 2017; 5:17046. [PMID: 28983411 PMCID: PMC5627629 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by bone loss and structural destruction, which increases the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Owing to the high morbidity and serious complications of PMO, many efforts have been devoted to its prophylaxis and treatment. The intestinal microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics, which are dietary or medical supplements consisting of beneficial intestinal bacteria, work in concert with endogenous intestinal microorganisms to maintain host health. Recent studies have revealed that bone loss in PMO is closely related to host immunity, which is influenced by the intestinal microbiota. The curative effects of probiotics on metabolic bone diseases have also been demonstrated. The effects of the intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism suggest a promising target for PMO management. This review seeks to summarize the critical effects of the intestinal microbiota and probiotics on PMO, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic relationship between bacteria and host, and to define the possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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178
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Macdonald SE, Nolan MJ, Harman K, Boulton K, Hume DA, Tomley FM, Stabler RA, Blake DP. Effects of Eimeria tenella infection on chicken caecal microbiome diversity, exploring variation associated with severity of pathology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184890. [PMID: 28934262 PMCID: PMC5608234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria species cause the intestinal disease coccidiosis, most notably in poultry. While the direct impact of coccidiosis on animal health and welfare is clear, its influence on the enteric microbiota and by-stander effects on chicken health and production remains largely unknown, with the possible exception of Clostridium perfringens (necrotic enteritis). This study evaluated the composition and structure of the caecal microbiome in the presence or absence of a defined Eimeria tenella challenge infection in Cobb500 broiler chickens using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The severity of clinical coccidiosis in individual chickens was quantified by caecal lesion scoring and microbial changes associated with different lesion scores identified. Following E. tenella infection the diversity of taxa within the caecal microbiome remained largely stable. However, infection induced significant changes in the abundance of some microbial taxa. The greatest changes were detected in birds displaying severe caecal pathology; taxa belonging to the order Enterobacteriaceae were increased, while taxa from Bacillales and Lactobacillales were decreased with the changes correlated with lesion severity. Significantly different profiles were also detected in infected birds which remained asymptomatic (lesion score 0), with taxa belonging to the genera Bacteroides decreased and Lactobacillus increased. Many differential taxa from the order Clostridiales were identified, with some increasing and others decreasing in abundance in Eimeria-infected animals. The results support the view that caecal microbiome dysbiosis associated with Eimeria infection contributes to disease pathology, and could be a target for intervention to mitigate the impact of coccidiosis on poultry productivity and welfare. This work highlights that E. tenella infection has a significant impact on the abundance of some caecal bacteria with notable differences detected between lesion score categories emphasising the importance of accounting for differences in caecal lesions when investigating the relationship between E. tenella and the poultry intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Macdonald
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SEM); (DPB)
| | - Matthew J. Nolan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Harman
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Boulton
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Tomley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Stabler
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Damer P. Blake
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SEM); (DPB)
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179
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Li J, Hao H, Cheng G, Liu C, Ahmed S, Shabbir MAB, Hussain HI, Dai M, Yuan Z. Microbial Shifts in the Intestinal Microbiota of Salmonella Infected Chickens in Response to Enrofloxacin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1711. [PMID: 28943868 PMCID: PMC5596078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are important antibiotics used for treatment of Salmonella infection in poultry in many countries. However, oral administration of fluoroquinolones may affect the composition and abundance of a number of bacterial taxa in the chicken intestine. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the microbial shifts in the gut of Salmonella infected chickens in response to enrofloxacin treatments at different dosages (0, 0.1, 4, and 100 mg/kg b.w.) were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the shedding levels of Salmonella were significantly reduced in the high dosage group as demonstrated by both the culturing method and 16S rRNA sequencing method. The average values of diversity indices were higher in the control group than in the three medicated groups. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis results showed that the microbial community of high dosage group was clearly separated from the other three groups. In total, 25 genera were significantly enriched (including 6 abundant genera: Lactococcus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Acinetobacter) and 23 genera were significantly reduced in the medicated groups than in the control group for the treatment period, but these bacterial taxa recovered to normal levels after therapy withdrawal. Additionally, 5 genera were significantly reduced in both treatment and withdrawal periods (e.g., Blautia and Anaerotruncus) and 23 genera (e.g., Enterobacter and Clostridium) were significantly decreased only in the withdrawal period, indicating that these genera might be the potential targets for the fluoroquinolones antimicrobial effects. Specially, Enterococcus was significantly reduced under high dosage of enrofloxacin treatment, while significantly enriched in the withdrawal period, which was presumably due to the resistance selection. Predicted microbial functions associated with genetic information processing were significantly decreased in the high dosage group. Overall, enrofloxacin at a dosage of 100 mg/kg b.w. significantly altered the microbial community membership and structure, and microbial functions in the chicken intestine during the medication. This study fully investigates the chicken intestinal microbiota in response to enrofloxacin treatment and identifies potential targets against which the fluoroquinolones may have potent antimicrobial effects. These results provide insights into the effects of the usage of enrofloxacin on chicken and will aid in the prudent and rational use of antibiotics in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chunbei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Muhammad A B Shabbir
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hafiz I Hussain
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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180
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Wang L, Hu L, Yan S, Jiang T, Fang S, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Effects of different oligosaccharides at various dosages on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice with constipation. Food Funct 2017; 8:1966-1978. [PMID: 28475191 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different kinds of oligosaccharides (a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) formulation consisting of 95% FOS (FOS95); a galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% GOS (GOS90) and an isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) formulation consisting of 90% IMO (IMO90)) at dosages of 0.8, 4 g per d per kg bw and 8 g per d per kg bw on the composition and activity of the microbiota in the gut of mice with constipation induced by loperamide. Oligosaccharides were intragastrically administered to specific pathogen-free BALB/c mice once per day for 17 days. Feces were collected during a feeding trial and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon analysis. Constipation indices, changes in gut microbiota and metabolic activity were measured to evaluate the effects of the oligosaccharides. The results show that oligosaccharides treated constipation by increasing both the water content of the feces and the small intestinal transit rate. The dosage required to treat constipation was different for different oligosaccharides. High-dose GOS90 was the most effective in relieving constipation, followed by medium-dose FOS95 and IMO90. The fecal samples were investigated after the oligosaccharide treatment. All three oligosaccharides increased the ratio of acetic acid and decreased the ratio of propionic and butyric acids in the feces. The increase in the ratio of acetic acid and the concentration of butyric acid were found to have relatively larger effects on constipation. After treatment with oligosaccharides, the gut microbiotas of the mice were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, oligosaccharide treatment increased the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased the levels of Odoribacter, Alistipes and Bacteroides. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that oligosaccharides administered as a dietary supplement increase the water content of feces, reduce intestinal transit time, modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice with constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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181
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Yang L, Liu S, Ding J, Dai R, He C, Xu K, Honaker CF, Zhang Y, Siegel P, Meng H. Gut Microbiota Co-microevolution with Selection for Host Humoral Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1243. [PMID: 28725219 PMCID: PMC5495859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore coevolution between the gut microbiota and the humoral immune system of the host, we used chickens as the model organism. The host populations were two lines (HAS and LAS) developed from a common founder that had undergone 40 generations of divergent selection for antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and two relaxed sublines (HAR and LAR). Analysis revealed that microevolution of host humoral immunity contributed to the composition of gut microbiota at the taxa level. Relaxing selection enriched some microorganisms whose functions were opposite to host immunity. Particularly, Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira enriched in high antibody relaxed (HAR) and contributed to reduction in antibody response, while Lactobacillus increased in low antibody relaxed (LAR) and elevated the antibody response. Microbial functional analysis showed that alterations were involved in pathways relating to the immune system and infectious diseases. Our findings demonstrated co-microevolution relationships of host-microbiota and that gut microorganisms influenced host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Christa F Honaker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Carilion ClinicRoanoke, VA, United States
| | - Paul Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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182
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Shi Y, Zhai Q, Li D, Mao B, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Restoration of cefixime-induced gut microbiota changes by Lactobacillus cocktails and fructooligosaccharides in a mouse model. Microbiol Res 2017; 200:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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183
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Evaluating the association between body weight and the intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets via 16S rRNA sequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5903-5911. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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184
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Host Genome Influence on Gut Microbial Composition and Microbial Prediction of Complex Traits in Pigs. Genetics 2017; 206:1637-1644. [PMID: 28468904 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.200782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the interplay between gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota, host genetics, and complex traits in pigs using extended quantitative-genetic methods. The study design consisted of 207 pigs that were housed and slaughtered under standardized conditions, and phenotyped for daily gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate. The pigs were genotyped with a standard 60 K SNP chip. The GIT microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology. Eight from 49 investigated bacteria genera showed a significant narrow sense host heritability, ranging from 0.32 to 0.57. Microbial mixed linear models were applied to estimate the microbiota variance for each complex trait. The fraction of phenotypic variance explained by the microbial variance was 0.28, 0.21, and 0.16 for daily gain, feed conversion, and feed intake, respectively. The SNP data and the microbiota composition were used to predict the complex traits using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) and microbial best linear unbiased prediction (M-BLUP) methods, respectively. The prediction accuracies of G-BLUP were 0.35, 0.23, and 0.20 for daily gain, feed conversion, and feed intake, respectively. The corresponding prediction accuracies of M-BLUP were 0.41, 0.33, and 0.33. Thus, in addition to SNP data, microbiota abundances are an informative source of complex trait predictions. Since the pig is a well-suited animal for modeling the human digestive tract, M-BLUP, in addition to G-BLUP, might be beneficial for predicting human predispositions to some diseases, and, consequently, for preventative and personalized medicine.
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185
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Li M, Zhou H, Pan X, Xu T, Zhang Z, Zi X, Jiang Y. Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45697. [PMID: 28383519 PMCID: PMC5382919 DOI: 10.1038/srep45697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geese are extremely adept in utilizing plant-derived roughage within their diet. However, the intestinal microbiome of geese remains limited, especially the dietary effect on microbial diversity. Cassava foliage was widely used in animal feed, but little information is available for geese. In this study, the geese were fed with control diet (CK), experimental diet supplemented with 5% cassava foliage (CF5) or 10% (CF10) for 42 days, respectively. The cecal samples were collected after animals were killed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese with different dietary supplements. Taxonomic analysis indicated that the predominant phyla were distinct with different dietary treatments. The phyla Firmicutes (51.4%), Bacteroidetes (29.55%) and Proteobacteria (7.90%) were dominant in the CK group, but Bacteroidetes (65.19% and 67.29%,) Firmicutes (18.01% and 17.39%), Proteobacteria (8.72% and 10.18%), Synergistete (2.51% and 1.76%) and Spirochaetes (2.60% and 1.46%) were dominant in CF5 and CF10 groups. The abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. However, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. Our study also revealed that the microbial communities were significantly different at genus levels. Genes related to nutrient and energy metabolism, immunity and signal transduction pathways were primarily enriched by the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangyu Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Xuejuan Zi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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186
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Wang X, Ban S, Hu B, Qiu S, Zhou H. Bacterial diversity of Moutai-flavour Daqu based on high-throughput sequencing method. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- College of Life Sciences; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Shidong Ban
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Baodong Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Hongxiang Zhou
- School of Liquor-making and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
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187
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Gut metagenomic analysis reveals prominent roles of Lactobacillus and cecal microbiota in chicken feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45308. [PMID: 28349946 PMCID: PMC7365323 DOI: 10.1038/srep45308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the host and gut microbiota can affect gut metabolism. In this study, the individual performances of 252 hens were recorded to evaluate feed efficiency. Hens with contrasting feed efficiencies (14 birds per group) were selected to investigate their duodenal, cecal and fecal microbial composition by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The results showed that the microbial community in the cecum was quite different from those in the duodenum and feces. The highest biodiversity and all differentially abundant taxa between the different efficiency groups were observed in the cecal microbial community with false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Of these differentially abundant cecal microbes, Lactobacillus accounted for a greater proportion than the others. The abundances of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were significantly higher while that of Faecalibacterium was lower (FDR < 0.05) in the better feed efficiency (BFE) group. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the functions relating to glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism were enriched in the cecal microbiota of the BFE group. These results indicated the prominent role of cecal microbiota in the feed efficiency of chickens and suggested plausible uses of Lactobacillus to improve the feed efficiency of host.
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188
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Lv W, Liu C, Ye C, Sun J, Tan X, Zhang C, Qu Q, Shi D, Guo S. Structural modulation of gut microbiota during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with herbal formula. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1622-1629. [PMID: 28219687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is hypothesized to play a critical role in gastrointestinal diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). To determine whether the traditional Chinese herbal formula of Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (SLBZS) modulates the composition of the gut microbiome during AAD treatment, an AAD diarrhea model was prepared in rats by gastric gavage with lincomycin for 7 successive days, followed by administration of SLBZS for one week. At all time points after the SLBZS treatment, the diarrhea rates were significantly or at least numerically lower than that of the untreated model group. Overall structural modulation of the gut microbiome occurred after SLBZS treatment, with reverting effects on the AAD-induced structural variations. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Sutterella was negatively correlated with SLBZS treatment and positively correlated with a lack of treatment, suggesting that Sutterella might be a pivotal phylotype associated with the improvement of AAD. The key phylotypes of the gut microbiome that responded to SLBZS indicated enrichment of beneficial bacteria, and particularly Bacteroides spp. These data therefore demonstrated that structural changes of the gut microbiome are induced by the Chinese herbal formula SLBZS. In conclusion, changes in the gut microbiome are associated with the diarrhea-controlling effect of SLBZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chunxin Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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189
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Wang L, Hu L, Xu Q, Yin B, Fang D, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium adolescentis Exerts Strain-Specific Effects on Constipation Induced by Loperamide in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020318. [PMID: 28230723 PMCID: PMC5343854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. This study was performed to determine whether Bifidobacterium adolescentis exerts inter-strain differences in alleviating constipation induced by loperamide in BALB/c mice and to analyze the main reasons for these differences. BALB/c mice underwent gavage with B. adolescentis (CCFM 626, 667, and 669) once per day for 17 days. The primary outcome measures included related constipation indicators, and the secondary outcome measures were the basic biological characteristics of the strains, the concentration changes of short-chain fatty acids in feces, and the changes in the fecal flora. B. adolescentis CCFM 669 and 667 relieved constipation symptoms by adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, growing quickly in vitro and increasing the concentrations of propionic and butyric acids. The effect of B. adolescentis on the gut microbiota in mice with constipation was investigated via 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. The results revealed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased and the amount of Clostridium decreased in the B. adolescentis CCFM 669 and 667 treatment groups. In conclusion, B. adolescentis exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of constipation, mostly due to the strains’ growth rates, adhesive capacity and effects on the gut microbiome and microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lujun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Boxing Yin
- Kangyuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225004, China.
| | - Dongsheng Fang
- Kangyuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225004, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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190
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Li P, Niu Q, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Ma X, Kim SW, Lin M, Huang R. Microbial shifts in the porcine distal gut in response to diets supplemented with Enterococcus Faecalis as alternatives to antibiotics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41395. [PMID: 28165001 PMCID: PMC5292720 DOI: 10.1038/srep41395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and nutrient digestion of animals. Probiotics have become one of effective alternatives to antibiotics enhancing animal health and performance through modulating gut microbiota. Previously, our research demonstrated that dietary Enterococcus Faecalis UC-100 substituting antibiotics enhanced growth and health of weaned pigs. To investigate the alterations of microbiota in the distal gut of pigs fed E. faecalis UC-100 substituting antibiotics, this study assessed fecal microbiota in pigs from different dietary treatments: the basal diet group, the E. faecalis group, and the antibiotic group on d 0, 14, and 28 of feeding through 16 S rRNA sequencing. Twenty-one phyla and 137 genera were shared by all pigs, whereas 12 genera were uniquely identified in the E. faecalis group on d 14 and 28. Bacterial abundance and diversity in the E. faecalis group, bacterial diversity in the antibiotic group, especially abundances of Fibrobacteres phylum and 12 genera in the E. faecalis group and antibiotics group were lower than that in the basal diet group on d 28. These results showed that microbial shifts in the porcine gut in response to diets containing E. faecalis were similar to the response to which containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Qingtian Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Yeqiu Zhang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United States of America
| | - Mingxin Lin
- Changxing Ecoagriculture Co. Limited, Yixing, 214246, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, 223005, China
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191
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Saxena S, Saxena VK, Tomar S, Sapcota D, Gonmei G. Characterisation of caecum and crop microbiota of Indian indigenous chicken targeting multiple hypervariable regions within 16S rRNA gene. Br Poult Sci 2017; 57:381-9. [PMID: 26962896 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1161728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of caecum and crop microbiota of chick, grower and adult stages of Indian indigenous chickens was conducted to investigate the role of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, which play an important role in host performance, health and immunity. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed for V3, V4 and V4-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. M5RNA and M5NR databases under MG-RAST were used for metagenomic datasets annotation. In the crop, Firmicutes (~78%) and Proteobacteria (~16%) were the predominant phyla whereas in the caecum, Firmicutes (~50%), Bacteroidetes (~29%) and Actinobacteria (~10%) were predominant. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index suggested that sample richness and diversity increased as the chicken aged. For the first time, the presence of Lactobacillus species such as L. frumenti, L. antri, L. mucosae in the chicken crop along with Kineococcus radiotolerans, Desulfohalobium retbaense and L. jensenii in the caecum are reported. Many of these bacterial species have been found to be involved in immune response modulation and disease prevention in pigs and humans. The gut microbiome of the indigenous chicken was enriched with microbes having probiotic potential which might be essential for their adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- a Division of Avian Genetics and Breeding , Central Avian Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - V K Saxena
- a Division of Avian Genetics and Breeding , Central Avian Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - S Tomar
- a Division of Avian Genetics and Breeding , Central Avian Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - D Sapcota
- b Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science , Assam Agricultural University , Guwahati , India
| | - G Gonmei
- b Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science , Assam Agricultural University , Guwahati , India
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192
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Wang L, Hu L, Xu Q, Jiang T, Fang S, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacteria exert species-specific effects on constipation in BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:3587-3600. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Edible bifidobacteria exerted species-specific effects in relieving constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Lujun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Jiangsu Wecare Biotechnology Co
- Ltd
- Wujiang 215200
- P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Fang
- Jiangsu Wecare Biotechnology Co
- Ltd
- Wujiang 215200
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
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193
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Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Castillo-Carranza SA, Guard B, Gomez-Vazquez JP, Dowd SE, Brigthsmith DJ. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Feces of Pet Birds Using 16S Marker Sequencing. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:224-235. [PMID: 27568186 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Birds and other animals live and evolve in close contact with millions of microorganisms (microbiota). While the avian microbiota has been well characterized in domestic poultry, the microbiota of other bird species has been less investigated. The aim of this study was to describe the fecal bacterial communities of pet birds. Pooled fecal samples from 22 flocks representing over 150 individual birds of three different species (Melopsittacus undulatus or budgerigars, Nymphicus hollandicus or cockatiels, and Serinus canaria or domestic canaries) were used for analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum (median 88.4 %; range 12.9-98.4 %) followed by other low-abundant phyla such as Proteobacteria (median 2.3 %; 0.1-85.3 %) and Actinobacteria (median 1.7 %; 0-18.3 %). Lactobacillaceae (mostly Lactobacillus spp.) was the most abundant family (median 78.1 %; 1.4-97.5 %), especially in budgerigars and canaries, and it deserves attention because of the ascribed beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria. Importantly, feces from birds contain intestinal, urinary, and reproductive-associated microbiota thus posing a serious problem to study one anatomical region at a time. Other groups of interest include the family Clostridiaceae that showed very low abundance (overall median <0.1 %) with the exception of two samples from cockatiels (14 and 45.9 %) and one sample from budgerigars (19.9 %). Analysis of UniFrac metrics showed that overall, the microbial communities from the 22 flocks tended to cluster together for each bird species, meaning each species shed distinctive bacterial communities in feces. This descriptive analysis provides insight into the fecal microbiota of pet birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Garcia-Mazcorro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico.
- Research Group Medical Eco-Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UANL, General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico.
| | | | - Blake Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jose P Gomez-Vazquez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), General Escobedo, NL, 66050, Mexico
| | - Scot E Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, TX, 79363, USA
| | - Donald J Brigthsmith
- Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA
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194
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Han GG, Lee JY, Jin GD, Park J, Choi YH, Chae BJ, Kim EB, Choi YJ. WITHDRAWN: Evaluating the association between body weight and the intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets via 16S rRNA sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:55-62. [PMID: 27939156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The publisher regrets that an error occurred due to a technical issue which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Goo Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Deuk Jin
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Park
- Department of Animal Life System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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195
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Ding J, Zhao L, Wang L, Zhao W, Zhai Z, Leng L, Wang Y, He C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li H, Meng H. Divergent selection-induced obesity alters the composition and functional pathways of chicken gut microbiota. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:93. [PMID: 27894254 PMCID: PMC5127100 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gastrointestinal tract is populated by a complex and vast microbial network, with a composition that reflects the relationships of the symbiosis, co-metabolism, and co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host. The mechanism that underlies such interactions between the genetics of the host and gut microbiota remains elusive. Results To understand how genetic variation of the host shapes the gut microbiota and interacts with it to affect the metabolic phenotype of the host, we compared the abundance of microbial taxa and their functional performance between two lines of chickens (fat and lean) that had undergone long-term divergent selection for abdominal fat pad weight, which resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the fat line compared to the lean line. Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria differed significantly between the two lines (8 vs. 18% and 33 vs. 24%, respectively) at the phylum level. Eight bacterial genera and 11 species were also substantially influenced by the host genotype. Differences between the two lines in the frequency of host alleles at loci that influence accumulation of abdominal fat were associated with differences in the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota. Moreover, microbial genome functional analysis showed that the gut microbiota was involved in pathways that are associated with fat metabolism such as lipid and glycan biosynthesis, as well as amino acid and energy metabolism. Interestingly, citrate cycle and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways that play important roles in lipid storage and metabolism were more prevalent in the fat line than in the lean line. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that long-term divergent selection not only alters the composition of the gut microbiota, but also influences its functional performance by enriching its relative abundance in microbial taxa. These results support the hypothesis that the host and gut microbiota interact at the genetic level and that these interactions result in their co-evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0270-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ding
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, 201103, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Leng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, 200231, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Meng
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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196
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Gao G, Zhao X, Li Q, He C, Zhao W, Liu S, Ding J, Ye W, Wang J, Chen Y, Wang H, Li J, Luo Y, Su J, Huang Y, Liu Z, Dai R, Shi Y, Meng H, Wang Q. Genome and metagenome analyses reveal adaptive evolution of the host and interaction with the gut microbiota in the goose. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32961. [PMID: 27608918 PMCID: PMC5016989 DOI: 10.1038/srep32961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goose is an economically important waterfowl that exhibits unique characteristics and abilities, such as liver fat deposition and fibre digestion. Here, we report de novo whole-genome assemblies for the goose and swan goose and describe the evolutionary relationships among 7 bird species, including domestic and wild geese, which diverged approximately 3.4~6.3 million years ago (Mya). In contrast to chickens as a proximal species, the expanded and rapidly evolving genes found in the goose genome are mainly involved in metabolism, including energy, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Further integrated analysis of the host genome and gut metagenome indicated that the most widely shared functional enrichment of genes occurs for functions such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, propanoate metabolism and the citrate cycle. We speculate that the unique physiological abilities of geese benefit from the adaptive evolution of the host genome and symbiotic interactions with gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Gao
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weixing Ye
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Shi
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China
| | - He Meng
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Goose Genetic Improvement, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
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197
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Effects of early feeding on the host rumen transcriptome and bacterial diversity in lambs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32479. [PMID: 27576848 PMCID: PMC5006043 DOI: 10.1038/srep32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early consumption of starter feed promotes rumen development in lambs. We examined rumen development in lambs fed starter feed for 5 weeks using histological and biochemical analyses and by performing high-throughput sequencing in rumen tissues. Additionally, rumen contents of starter feed-fed lambs were compared to those of breast milk-fed controls. Our physiological and biochemical findings revealed that early starter consumption facilitated rumen development, changed the pattern of ruminal fermentation, and increased the amylase and carboxymethylcellulase activities of rumen micro-organisms. RNA-seq analysis revealed 225 differentially expressed genes between the rumens of breast milk- and starter feed-fed lambs. These DEGs were involved in many metabolic pathways, particularly lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and included HMGCL and HMGCS2. Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that ruminal bacterial communities were more diverse in breast milk-than in starter feed-fed lambs, and each group had a distinct microbiota. We conclude that early starter feeding is beneficial to rumen development and physiological function in lambs. The underlying mechanism may involve the stimulation of ruminal ketogenesis and butanoate metabolism via HMGCL and HMGCS2 combined with changes in the fermentation type induced by ruminal microbiota. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rumen development in sheep.
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198
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Liu L, Zhao X, Wang Q, Sun X, Xia L, Wang Q, Yang B, Zhang Y, Montgomery S, Meng H, Geng T, Gong D. Prosteatotic and Protective Components in a Unique Model of Fatty Liver: Gut Microbiota and Suppressed Complement System. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31763. [PMID: 27550859 PMCID: PMC4994046 DOI: 10.1038/srep31763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Goose can develop severe hepatic steatosis without overt injury, thus it may serve as a unique model for uncovering how steatosis-related injury is prevented. To identify the markedly prosteatotic and protective mechanisms, we performed an integrated analysis of liver transcriptomes and gut microbial metagenomes using samples collected from overfed and normally-fed geese at different time points. The results indicated that the fatty liver transcriptome, initially featuring a ‘metabolism’ pathway, was later joined by ‘cell growth and death’ and ‘immune diseases’ pathways. Gut microbiota played a synergistic role in the liver response as microbial and hepatic genes affected by overfeeding shared multiple pathways. Remarkably, the complement system, an inflammatory component, was comprehensively suppressed in fatty liver, which was partially due to increased blood lactic acid from enriched Lactobacillus. Data from in vitro studies suggested that lactic acid suppressed TNFα via the HNF1α/C5 pathway. In conclusion, gut microbes and their hosts respond to excess energy influx as an organic whole, severe steatosis and related tolerance of goose liver may be partially attributable to gut microbiotic products and suppressed complement system, and lactic acid from gut microbiota participates in the suppression of hepatic TNFα/inflammation through the HNF1α/C5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lili Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sean Montgomery
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - He Meng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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199
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Mao B, Li D, Ai C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6240-6247. [PMID: 27438677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed diets supplemented with different proportions of lactulose (0%, 5%, and 15%) for 2 weeks to study its effects on the luminal and mucosal microbiota. The luminal and mucosal samples of cecum and colon were investigated. After high-lactulose treatment (15%), pH of the luminal contents decreased from 6.90-7.72 to 5.95-6.21 from the cecum to distal colon, and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum was significantly increased. The luminal content was mostly dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, while the mucus was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased in the content, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (∼50%) in the mucus after high-lactulose treatment. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia were both significantly increased in the content, and Helicobacter was the most abundant in the mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , 116034 Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , 102488 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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200
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Whittaker DJ, Gerlach NM, Slowinski SP, Corcoran KP, Winters AD, Soini HA, Novotny MV, Ketterson ED, Theis KR. Social Environment Has a Primary Influence on the Microbial and Odor Profiles of a Chemically Signaling Songbird. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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