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Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang H, Cai C. Electrochemical aptasensor for exosomal proteins profiling based on DNA nanotetrahedron coupled with enzymatic signal amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1130:1-9. [PMID: 32892927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles for transferring and delivering membrane and cytosolic molecules between cells. Detection and profiling of exosomal proteins can provide direct information on disease progression, which is important to the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Herein, a well-designed electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated for the profiling of cancerous exosomal proteins based on DNA nanotetrahedron (NTH) coupled with Au nanoparticles (NPs) and enzymatic signal amplification. In this assay, the aptamer modified DNA NTHs were used as the recognition and capture unit, Au NPs-DNA conjugates coupled with horseradish peroxidase were used to realize signal amplification. This aptasensor achieves a detection limit down to 1.66 × 104 particles/mL for HepG2 liver cancer exosomes. In addition, the analysis of plasma-derived exosomes in HepG2 liver cancer bearing mice at different cancer stages was also achieved. More importantly, the aptasensor can be used to profile four kinds of exosomal proteins by using the corresponding aptamer. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor may be served as a potential platform for exosome detection and exosomal proteins profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China.
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
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152
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Zheng X, Li X, Wang X. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the management of ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188395. [PMID: 32698041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological disease because most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages due to a lack of appropriate markers or methods for early detection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological vesicles released by all types of cells and are widely distributed in biofluids. These vesicles and their bioactive contents are involved in various aspects of tumorigenesis and development, and some of them could be detected in biofluids from liquid biopsy and used as markers for cancer management. Liquid biopsy is a recently developed method for disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring by detecting biomolecules in biofluids such as plasma. The operation is minimally invasive and relatively convenient, especially for patients with cancer. In this review, we describe the use of EV-based liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer and summarize recent advances in technologies for EV isolation and detection, as well as biomarkers identified from ovarian cancer-derived EVs, with a focus on their potential roles in diagnosis and progression monitoring. Although the advantages of liquid biopsy make this approach promising, some technological challenges remain, and qualified biomarkers for clinical use are still being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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153
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Zhang P, Wu X, Gardashova G, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zeng Y. Molecular and functional extracellular vesicle analysis using nanopatterned microchips monitors tumor progression and metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz2878. [PMID: 32522804 PMCID: PMC8024111 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal cancer monitoring is crucial to clinical implementation of precision medicine. There is growing evidence indicating important functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tumor progression and metastasis, including matrix remodeling via transporting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). However, the clinical relevance of EVs remains largely undetermined, partially owing to challenges in EV analysis. Distinct from existing technologies mostly focused on characterizing molecular constituents of EVs, here we report a nanoengineered lab-on-a-chip system that enables integrative functional and molecular phenotyping of tumor-associated EVs. A generalized, high-resolution colloidal inkjet printing method was developed to allow robust and scalable manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterned devices. With this nanochip platform, we demonstrated integrative analysis of the expression and proteolytic activity of MMP14 on EVs to detect in vitro cell invasiveness and monitor in vivo tumor metastasis, using cancer cell lines and mouse models. Analysis of clinical plasma specimen showed that our technology could be used for cancer detection including accurate classification of age-matched controls and patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, or locally metastatic breast cancer in a training cohort (n = 30, 96.7% accuracy) and an independent validation cohort (n = 70, 92.9% accuracy). With clinical validation, our technology could provide a useful liquid biopsy tool to improve cancer diagnostics and real-time surveillance of tumor evolution in patients to inform personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Gulhumay Gardashova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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154
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Serrano-Pertierra E, Oliveira-Rodríguez M, Matos M, Gutiérrez G, Moyano A, Salvador M, Rivas M, Blanco-López MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Current Analytical Techniques for Detection and Quantification. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E824. [PMID: 32481493 PMCID: PMC7357140 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first observation, understanding the biology of extracellular vesicles (EV) has been an important and challenging field of study. They play a key role in the intercellular communication and are involved in important physiological and pathological functions. Therefore, EV are considered as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to treatment in some diseases. In addition, due to their properties, EV may be used for therapeutic purposes. In the study of EV, three major points have to be addressed: 1. How to isolate EV from cell culture supernatant/biological fluids, 2. how to detect them, and 3. how to characterize and quantify. In this review, we focus on the last two questions and provide the main analytical techniques up-to-date for detection and profiling of EV. We critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each one, aimed to be of relevance for all researchers working on EV biology and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Serrano-Pertierra
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Myriam Oliveira-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
| | - María Matos
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Moyano
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - María Salvador
- Department of Physics & IUTA, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gijón, Spain; (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Montserrat Rivas
- Department of Physics & IUTA, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gijón, Spain; (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - María Carmen Blanco-López
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
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155
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Cordaro A, Neri G, Sciortino MT, Scala A, Piperno A. Graphene-Based Strategies in Liquid Biopsy and in Viral Diseases Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1014. [PMID: 32466536 PMCID: PMC7353367 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are intriguing nanomaterials with applications ranging from nanotechnology-related devices to drug delivery systems and biosensing. Multifunctional graphene platforms were proposed for the detection of several typical biomarkers (i.e., circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating nucleic acids, etc.) in liquid biopsy, and numerous methods, including optical, electrochemical, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), etc., have been developed for their detection. Due to the massive advancements in biology, material chemistry, and analytical technology, it is necessary to review the progress in this field from both medical and chemical sides. Liquid biopsy is considered a revolutionary technique that is opening unexpected perspectives in the early diagnosis and, in therapy monitoring, severe diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although nanotechnology based on graphene has been poorly applied for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases, the extraordinary properties of graphene (i.e., high electronic conductivity, large specific area, and surface functionalization) can be also exploited for the diagnosis of emerging viral diseases, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and in-depth summarization of the contribution of graphene-based nanomaterials in liquid biopsy, discussing the remaining challenges and the future trend; moreover, the paper gave the first look at the potentiality of graphene in COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Unità Operativa dell’Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (G.N.); (M.T.S.); (A.S.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Unità Operativa dell’Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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156
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Lo TW, Zhu Z, Purcell E, Watza D, Wang J, Kang YT, Jolly S, Nagrath D, Nagrath S. Microfluidic device for high-throughput affinity-based isolation of extracellular vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1762-1770. [PMID: 32338266 PMCID: PMC7328786 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity based EV isolation technologies use antibodies targeting surface markers on EVs to provide higher isolation specificity and purity compared to existing approaches. One standing challenge for researchers is how to release captured EVs from the substrate to increase downstream and biological studies. The strong binding between the antibody and antigen or the antibody and substrate is commonly unbreakable without operating at conditions outside of the critical physiological range, making the release of EVs problematic. Additionally, immuno-affinity approaches are usually low-throughput due to their low flow velocity to ensure adequate time for antibody-antigen binding. To overcome these limitations, we modified the OncoBean chip, a previously reported circulating tumor cell isolation microfluidic device. The OncoBean chip is a radial flow microfluidic device with bean-shape microposts functionalized with biotin-conjugated EPCAM antibody through biotin-avidin link chemistry. It was demonstrated that the high surface area and varying shear rate provided by the bean-shaped posts and the radial flow design in the chip, enabled efficient capture of CTCs at high flow rate. We replace the anti-EPCAM with antibodies that recognize common EV surface markers to achieve high-throughput EV isolation. Moreover, by incorporating desthiobiotin-conjugated antibodies, EVs can be released from the device after capture, which offers a significant improvement over the existing isolation. The released EVs were found to be functional by confirming their uptake by cells using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. We believe the proposed technology can facilitate both the study of EVs as cell-to-cell communicators and the further identification of EV markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wen Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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157
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Multiplex detection and characterization of breast cancer exosomes by magneto-actuated immunoassay. Talanta 2020; 211:120657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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158
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Xu L, Shoaie N, Jahanpeyma F, Zhao J, Azimzadeh M, Al Jamal KT. Optical, electrochemical and electrical (nano)biosensors for detection of exosomes: A comprehensive overview. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 161:112222. [PMID: 32365010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles involved in many physiological activities of cells in the human body. Exosomes from cancer cells have great potential to be applied in clinical diagnosis, early cancer detection and target identification for molecular therapy. While this field is gaining increasing interests from both academia and industry, barriers such as supersensitive detection techniques and highly-efficient isolation methods remain. In the clinical settings, there is an urgent need for rapid analysis, reliable detection and point-of-care testing (POCT). With these challenges to be addressed, this article aims to review recent developments and technical breakthroughs including optical, electrochemical and electrical biosensors for exosomes detection in the field of cancer and other diseases and demonstrate how nanobiosensors could enhance the performance of conventional sensors. Working strategies, limit of detections, advantages and shortcomings of the studies are summarized. New trends, challenges and future perspectives of exosome-driven POCT in liquid biopsy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhou Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nahid Shoaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanpeyma
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 89195-999, Yazd, Iran; Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 89195-999, Yazd, Iran; Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8916188635, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Khuloud T Al Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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159
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Piazza N, Dehghani M, Gaborski TR, Wuertz-Kozak K. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Degenerative Diseases of the Intervertebral Disc. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:311. [PMID: 32363187 PMCID: PMC7181459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane particles carrying proteins, lipids, DNA, and various types of RNA that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated extensively in many different fields due to their crucial role as regeneration drivers, but research for their use in degenerative diseases of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has only started recently. MSC-derived EVs not only promote extracellular matrix synthesis and proliferation in IVD cells, but also reduce apoptosis and inflammation, hence having multifunctional beneficial effects that seem to be mediated by specific miRNAs (such as miR-233 and miR-21) within the EVs. Aside from MSC-derived EVs, IVD-derived EVs (e.g., stemming from notochordal cells) also have important functions in IVD health and disease. This article will summarize the current knowledge on MSC-derived and IVD-derived EVs and will highlight areas of future research, including the isolation and analysis of EV subpopulations or exposure of MSCs to cues that may enhance the therapeutic potential of released EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Dehghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute for Biomechanics, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spine Center, Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Munich, Germany
- Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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160
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Lin S, Yu Z, Chen D, Wang Z, Miao J, Li Q, Zhang D, Song J, Cui D. Progress in Microfluidics-Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903916. [PMID: 31663295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication and are closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, exosomes are always mixed with other components of body fluids. Consequently, separation methods for exosomes that allow high-purity and high-throughput separation with a high recovery rate and detection techniques for exosomes that are rapid, highly sensitive, highly specific, and have a low detection limit are indispensable for diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome separation and detection techniques have been developed to achieve the aforementioned goals. However, in most cases, these two techniques are performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, and cost. The emergence of microfluidics offers a promising way to integrate exosome separation and detection functions into a single chip. Herein, an overview of conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for exosome separation and detection is presented. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qichao Li
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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161
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Wang C, Wang C, Jin D, Yu Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Zhang GJ. AuNP-Amplified Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for the Quantification of Exosomes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:362-369. [PMID: 31933360 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-amplified surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for exosome detection with high sensitivity. The SAW chip was self-assembled with mercapto acetic acid to generate carboxylic groups via the Au-S bond. Anti-CD63 was then anchored onto the chip by pretreatment with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide,1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione (NHS). Due to the existence of a membrane protein, CD63, on the exosome surface, exosomes could be bound onto the antibody-immobilized SAW chip. To amplify the detection signal, both the biotin-conjugated epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody as a secondary antibody and AuNP-labeled streptavidin were applied onto the exosome-bound SAW chip, resulting in AuNP assembly on the chip through biotin-avidin recognition. The sensor was capable of detecting 1.1 × 103 particles/mL exosomes, which was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those detected by the strategy without using signal amplification. The sensor also achieved a satisfactory specificity and could detect the low-abundance exosomes directly in blood samples from cancer patients with minimal disturbance. This makes the SAW sensor useful for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Dan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
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162
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Li G, Tang W, Yang F. Cancer Liquid Biopsy Using Integrated Microfluidic Exosome Analysis Platforms. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900225. [PMID: 32032977 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies serve as both powerful noninvasive diagnostic tools for early cancer screening and prognostic tools for monitoring cancer progression and treatment efficacy. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for liquid biopsies, since these nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) enrich proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs from cells of origin, including cancer cells. Although exosomes are abundantly present in various bodily fluids, conventional exosome isolation and detection methods that rely on benchtop equipment are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complicated non-portable procedures. As an alternative, recently developed microfluidic platforms can perform effective exosome separation and detection for liquid biopsies using a single device. Such methods offer advantages of integrity, speed, cost-efficiency, and portability over conventional benchtop and early microfluidic-based single-functional methods which can only separate or detect exosomes separately. These advances have made exosome-based point-of-care (POC) applications possible. This review outlines recent integrated microfluidic-based exosomal detection strategies to guide future development of such devices for use in liquid biopsies for early cancer screening, prognostic monitoring, and other potential POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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163
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Yang D, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ma L, Larcher LM, Chen S, Liu N, Zhao Q, Tran PH, Chen C, Veedu RN, Wang T. Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:3684-3707. [PMID: 32206116 PMCID: PMC7069071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450000
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Statistics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Leon M. Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nan Liu
- General Practice Centre, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, 528244, Foshan, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- School of Medicine, and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 3216, Australia
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
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164
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Zhu L, Xu N, Zhang ZL, Zhang TC. Cell derived extracellular vesicles: from isolation to functionalization and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3552-3565. [PMID: 31313767 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from most mammalian cells by different processes. EVs possess several distinct advantages, including excellent biocompatibility, good bio-stability and low immunogenicity. Moreover, they play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Challenges in EV research mainly concern highly efficient isolation, specific membrane surface engineering and further development of EV applications in biomedical fields. In this review, we summarize the recent and representative research regarding isolation, engineering and biomedical applications of EVs, which represent important research focus areas. These three aspects have not ever been systematically classified and summarized in previous reviews. Finally, we give our insights into the key issues concerning EVs and their future development for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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165
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Wu L, Wang Y, Zhu L, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu D, Song Y, Yang C. Aptamer-Based Liquid Biopsy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2743-2764. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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166
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Isolation and analysis of extracellular vesicles in a Morpho butterfly wing-integrated microvortex biochip. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112073. [PMID: 32056968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the function of mediating intercellular communication between cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been intently studied for their physiopathology and clinical application values. However, efficient EV isolation from biological fluids remains a significant challenge. To address this, this work constructs a new microvortex chip that can isolate EVs efficiently by integrating the lipid nanoprobe modified Morpho Menelaus (M. Menelaus) butterfly wing into microfluidic chip. M. Menelaus wing is well known for its orderly arranged periodic nanostructures and can generate microvortex when liquid passes through it, leading to increased interaction between EVs and M. Menelaus wing. In addition, the nanoprobe containing lipid tails can be inserted into EVs through their lipid bilayer membrane structure. Based on the described properties, high-throughput enrichment of EVs with over 70% isolation efficiency was realized. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the nanoprobe system based on M. Menelaus wing enabled downstream biological analysis of nucleic acids and proteins in EVs. Microvortex chips showed potential application value in efficient EV isolation for biomedical research and cancer diagnosis.
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167
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Moura SL, Martín CG, Martí M, Pividori MI. Electrochemical immunosensing of nanovesicles as biomarkers for breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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168
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Chen J, Liu CY, Wang X, Sweet E, Liu N, Gong X, Lin L. 3D printed microfluidic devices for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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169
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Fan Z, Yu J, Lin J, Liu Y, Liao Y. Exosome-specific tumor diagnosis via biomedical analysis of exosome-containing microRNA biomarkers. Analyst 2020; 144:5856-5865. [PMID: 31482867 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosome-containing microRNAs (exomiRs) can be employed as potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and have drawn much attention in the past few years. However, the separation of exosomes and the detection of exomiRs are still inconvenient or even difficult to implement. Thus, it is important to develop a simple, accurate, and reliable strategy for the separation of exosomes and the biomedical analysis of exomiRs. Herein, a novel exosome-specific tumor diagnosis strategy was constructed by integrating the rapid magnetic exosome-enrichment platform and the Ru(bpy)32+-polymer amplified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy. This strategy realized the rapid and efficient capture of tumor-derived exosomes through a biological-affinity identification platform of the EpCAM antibody. The biomedical analysis of exomiRs achieved a preferable specificity and high sensitivity of 103 particles. Furthermore, we investigated the performance index for clinical blood samples from tumor patients; the results indicated that the exosome-specific tumor diagnosis strategy readily and consistently responded to exomiRs. These results indicated that the exosome-specific tumor diagnosis strategy provided new opportunities for the sensitive and efficient analysis of tumor-derived exomiRs. This strategy greatly simplified the biomedical analysis process and established the non-destructive detection mode of fluid biopsy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Fan
- Department of Science and Education, Guiyang Sixth Hospital, Guizhou, China.
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170
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Panagopoulou MS, Wark AW, Birch DJS, Gregory CD. Phenotypic analysis of extracellular vesicles: a review on the applications of fluorescence. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1710020. [PMID: 32002172 PMCID: PMC6968689 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have numerous potential applications in the field of healthcare and diagnostics, and research into their biological functions is rapidly increasing. Mainly because of their small size and heterogeneity, there are significant challenges associated with their analysis and despite overt evidence of the potential of EVs in clinical diagnostic practice, guidelines for analytical procedures have not yet been properly established. Here, we present an overview of the main methods for studying the properties of EVs based on the principles of fluorescence. Setting aside the isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization strategies which answer questions about the size, surface charge and stability of EVs (reviewed elsewhere), we focus on available optical tools that enable the direct analysis of phenotype and mechanisms of interaction with tissues. In brief, the topics on which we elaborate range from the most popular approaches such as nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry, to less commonly used techniques such as fluorescence depolarization and microarrays as well as emerging areas such as fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We highlight that understanding the strengths and limitations of each method is essential for choosing the most appropriate combination of analytical tools. Finally, future directions of this rapidly developing area of medical diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Panagopoulou
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair W. Wark
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Technology and Innovation Centre, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David J S Birch
- Photophysics Group, Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher D. Gregory
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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171
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression on the post-transcriptional level. Since miRNAs are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other important cellular processes, their deregulation is important for the development of a wide range of diseases including cancer. Apart from tissue, specific disease-related miRNA signatures can be found in body fluids as well. Especially for urologic diseases or injuries, urine miRNAs represent a promising group of biomarkers. Despite a large number of studies describing the importance of urinary miRNAs, there is a lack of recommendations for urine management and subsequent miRNA analysis. Thus, in this chapter, we aim to describe the origin and functions of urinary miRNAs and discuss the technical aspects of their detection including the pre-analytical phase principles and new directions in quantification, which could forward urine miRNA into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Juracek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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172
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Chutvirasakul B, Nuchtavorn N, Suntornsuk L, Zeng Y. Exosome aggregation mediated stop-flow paper-based portable device for rapid exosome quantification. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:311-318. [PMID: 31845367 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosome quantification is important for estimation of informative messengers (e.g., proteins, lipids, RNA, etc.) involving physiological and pathological effects. This work aimed to develop a simple and rapid distance-based paper portable device using exosome-capture vesicles (polydiacetylene conjugated with antiCD81) for exosome quantification in cell cultures. This novel concept relied on distinct aggregation of exosomes and exosome-capture vesicles leading to different solvent migration. Distances of the migration were used as signal readouts, which could be detected by naked eye. PDA-antiCD81 as exosome-capture vesicles were optimized (e.g., size, reaction ratio, and concentration) and the paper designs were investigated (e.g., diameter of sample reservoir and lamination layer) to enhance the solvent stop-flow effects. Finally, exosome screening on three cell culture samples (COLO1, MDA-MB-231, and HuR-KO1 subclone) was demonstrated. The method could linearly measure exosome concentrations in correlation with solvent migration distances in the range of 106 -1010 particles/mL (R2 > 0.98) from the cell culture samples. The exosome concentration measurements by the developed device were independently assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) by t-test. This low-cost and rapid device allows a portable platform for exosome quantification without the requirement of expensive equipment and expertise of operation. The developed device could potentially be useful for quantification of other biomarker-related extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonta Chutvirasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakornnayok, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Nantana Nuchtavorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leena Suntornsuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Ralph N Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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173
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Jiang Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Adkins GB, Zhong W. Rapid Enrichment and Detection of Extracellular Vesicles Enabled by CuS-Enclosed Microgels. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15951-15958. [PMID: 31742386 PMCID: PMC7417204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous vesicles that exist in nearly all biological fluids, including blood and urine; and carry a great number of cargo molecules such as protein, nucleic acids, and lipid. They may play important roles in cell-cell communication and modulation of pathological processes, which, however, are not yet well understood, calling for highly sensitive, specific, and rapid methods for EV detection and quantification in biological samples. Here, we report the CuS-enclosed microgels that not only help enrich EVs carrying specific protein markers from complex biomatrices, but also produce strong chemiluminescence (CL) to realize sensitive detection of the target EVs. A detection limit of 104 EV particles/mL was achieved with these microgels by targeting EV proteins like CD63 and HER2, with a dynamic range up to 108 particles/mL. Direct detection of EVs in human serum and cell culture medium without tedious sample preparation was demonstrated, consuming much less sample compared to ELISA and Western Blot. We envision that our method will be valuable for quick quantification of EVs in biological samples, benefiting disease monitoring and functional study.
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174
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Akkilic N, Geschwindner S, Höök F. Single-molecule biosensors: Recent advances and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 151:111944. [PMID: 31999573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule biosensors serve the unmet need for real time detection of individual biological molecules in the molecular crowd with high specificity and accuracy, uncovering unique properties of individual molecules which are hidden when measured using ensemble averaging methods. Measuring a signal generated by an individual molecule or its interaction with biological partners is not only crucial for early diagnosis of various diseases such as cancer and to follow medical treatments but also offers a great potential for future point-of-care devices and personalized medicine. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in nanosensors for both in vitro and in vivo detection of biological molecules offering single-molecule sensitivity. In the first part, we focus on label-free platforms, including electrochemical, plasmonic, SERS-based and spectroelectrochemical biosensors. We review fluorescent single-molecule biosensors in the second part, highlighting nanoparticle-amplified assays, digital platforms and the utilization of CRISPR technology. We finally discuss recent advances in the emerging nanosensor technology of important biological species as well as future perspectives of these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Akkilic
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Geschwindner
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Applied Physics, Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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175
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Chen SL, Chen CY, Hsieh JCH, Yu ZY, Cheng SJ, Hsieh KY, Yang JW, Kumar PV, Lin SF, Chen GY. Graphene Oxide-Based Biosensors for Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1725. [PMID: 31816919 PMCID: PMC6956293 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies use blood or urine as test samples, which are able to be continuously collected in a non-invasive manner. The analysis of cancer-related biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA, and exosomes provides important information in early cancer diagnosis, tumor metastasis detection, and postoperative recurrence monitoring assist with clinical diagnosis. However, low concentrations of some tumor markers, such as CTCs, ctDNA, and microRNA, in the blood limit its applications in clinical detection and analysis. Nanomaterials based on graphene oxide have good physicochemical properties and are now widely used in biomedical detection technologies. These materials have properties including good hydrophilicity, mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and optical performance. Moreover, utilizing graphene oxide as a biosensor interface has effectively improved the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors for cancer detection. In this review, we discuss various cancer detection technologies regarding graphene oxide and discuss the prospects and challenges of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Luen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Zih-Yu Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Yu Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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176
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Chen J, Meng HM, An Y, Geng X, Zhao K, Qu L, Li Z. Structure-switching aptamer triggering hybridization displacement reaction for label-free detection of exosomes. Talanta 2019; 209:120510. [PMID: 31892034 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes play important roles in intercellular communications, tumor migration and invasion. However, the specific detection of cancer exosomes remains as a big challenge due to its low concentration in biofluids. Therefore, the sensitive and selective detection of cancer cells-derived exosomes has attracted growing attention owing to their potential in diagnostic and prognostic applications. Activatable strategies have received great attention for the detection of low abundant analytes due to their high sensitivity. Herein, based on molecular recognition between DNA aptamer and exosome surface biomarker (protein tyrosine kinase-7), a novel activatable and label-free strategy was designed for highly sensitive and specific sensing of exosomes. In this work, the target exosomes trigger strand replacement reaction to form G-quadruplex, which result in an obvious fluorescence enhancement of N-methylmesoporphyrin IX due to the bonding between G-quadruplex and N-methylmesoporphyrin IX. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range for exosomes was measured to be 5.0 × 105-5.0 × 107 particles/μL and the detection limit (LOD) was calculated to be 3.4 × 105 particles/μL (3σ). This assay possesses high specificity to distinguish exosomes derived from different cell lines, and has successfully been validated in patient and healthy plasma samples. Furthermore, the probe can effectively detect the exosomes in 30% fetal bovine serum, indicating that the biological matrix has a negligible effect on this method. This developed label-free, convenient and highly sensitive biosensor will offer a great opportunity for exosomes quantification in biological study and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Meng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Ying An
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Geng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Keran Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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177
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Liu C, Feng Q, Sun J. Lipid Nanovesicles by Microfluidics: Manipulation, Synthesis, and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804788. [PMID: 30570773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanovesicles, including endogenous exosomes and synthetic lipid nanoparticles, have shown great potential in disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and cancer biology. Naturally secreted nanovesicles are promising biomarkers for early detection of cancers in vitro. Synthetic nanovesicles serve as robust drug delivery systems with enhanced tumor targeting in vivo. Microfluidic platforms with features of excellent flow control and rapid mixing are exploited as versatile tools for studying lipid nanovesicles of small sizes and delicate structures. Here, an overview of microfluidics for precise manipulation and synthesis of lipid nanovesicles is provided. The mechanisms of isolation and detection of exosomes in microfluidics, as well as the clinical utility of exosomes for cancer diagnosis, are discussed. Several microfluidic designs for controlled assembly of a variety of lipid nanovesicles are highlighted. Opportunities and outstanding challenges of microfluidics-based investigation of lipid nanovesicles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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178
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Li W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Gao H, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Emerging Nanotechnologies for Liquid Biopsy: The Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805344. [PMID: 30589111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive and dynamic analysis of molecular or cellular biomarkers, and therefore holds great potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of disease progress and treatment efficacy, understanding of disease mechanisms, and identification of therapeutic targets for drug development. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanosensors for liquid biopsy is summarized, with a focus on the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The developments and advances of nanomaterials and nanostructures in enhancing the sensitivity, specificity, and purity for the detection of CTCs and EVs are discussed. Sensing techniques for signal transduction and amplification as well as visualization strategies are also discussed. New technologies for the reversible release of the isolated CTCs and EVs and for single-CTC/EV analysis are summarized. Emerging microfluidic platforms for the integral on-chip isolation, detection, and molecular analysis are also included. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects of these innovative materials and technologies, especially with regard to their feasibility in clinical applications, are discussed. The applications of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy will bring new insight into the clinical practice in monitoring and treatment of tumor and other significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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179
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Cheng N, Du D, Wang X, Liu D, Xu W, Luo Y, Lin Y. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detecting Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1236-1254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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180
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Dong X, Chi J, Zheng L, Ma B, Li Z, Wang S, Zhao C, Liu H. Efficient isolation and sensitive quantification of extracellular vesicles based on an integrated ExoID-Chip using photonic crystals. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2897-2904. [PMID: 31363724 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in many diseases and pathophysiological processes, have emerged as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, efficient isolation and detection of EVs still remain challenging. Here, we report an integrated chip for isolation of EVs with a double-filtration unit and ultrasensitive detection using photonic crystal (PC) nanostructure. Nanofiltration membranes were integrated into the device to isolate and enrich the EVs of 20-200 nm in size based on size-exclusion. Then, CD63 aptamers were used to combine the EVs on the nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 20 nm, and excess aptamers passed through the membrane to bind with CD63 immobilized on the PC nanostructure. Benefitting from the fluorescence enhancement effect of the PC nanostructure in competition assays, the EVs could be quantified sensitively by analyzing the concentration of excess aptamers. Due to the high sensitivity, the limit of detection was as low as 8.9 × 103 EVs per mL with a low sample consumption of only 20 μL. Furthermore, serum samples from breast cancer patients and healthy donors could be successfully distinguished. Thus, this microfluidic chip provides an effective method for pre-screening of cancer in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Junjie Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Liuzheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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181
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Su W, Li H, Chen W, Qin J. Microfluidic strategies for label-free exosomes isolation and analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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182
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Chen W, Li H, Su W, Qin J. Microfluidic device for on-chip isolation and detection of circulating exosomes in blood of breast cancer patients. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:054113. [PMID: 31893011 PMCID: PMC6932858 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived circulating exosomes have been recognized as a promising biomarker source for cancer diagnosis via a less invasive procedure. The integration of isolation and detection of exosomes in routine clinical settings is still challenging. In this study, we developed a new microfluidic device for immunomagnetic separation and detection of blood exosomes in situ. The microfluidic device may empower the integration of target exosome analysis via high surface to volume ratios of immunomagnetic beads and highly precise fluid control with the aid of microvalves. The obtained microfluidic device was capable of on-chip isolation and detection of circulating exosomes within 1.5 h. The captured exosomes could be directly visualized with an inverted fluorescence microscope in situ by tetramethylbenzidine-based colorimetric sensing. It was revealed that a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) in EpCAM-positive exosomes was captured for cancer patients (n = 10) on the device when compared to healthy individuals (n = 10). The device also demonstrated high predicting accuracy for tumor exosomal markers with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of >95% using receiver operating characteristic curves. The microfluidic device might provide a new platform to assist cancer diagnosis and molecular classification in an automated and simple fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongjing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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183
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Design of a surface-functionalized power-free microchip for extracellular vesicle detection utilizing UV grafting. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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184
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Moore JH, Varhue WB, Su YH, Linton SS, Farmehini V, Fox TE, Matters GL, Kester M, Swami NS. Conductance-Based Biophysical Distinction and Microfluidic Enrichment of Nanovesicles Derived from Pancreatic Tumor Cells of Varying Invasiveness. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10424-10431. [PMID: 31333013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics based on exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as strategies for informing cancer progression and therapies, since the lipid content and macromolecular cargo of EVs can provide key phenotypic and genotypic information on the parent tumor cell and its microenvironment. We show that EVs derived from more invasive pancreatic tumor cells that express high levels of tumor-specific surface proteins and are composed of highly unsaturated lipids that increase membrane fluidity, exhibit significantly higher conductance versus those derived from less invasive tumor cells, based on dielectrophoresis measurements. Furthermore, through specific binding of the EVs to gold nanoparticle-conjugated antibodies, we show that these conductance differences can be modulated in proportion to the type as well as level of expressed tumor-specific antigens, thereby presenting methods for selective microfluidic enrichment and cytometry-based quantification of EVs based on invasiveness of their parent cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel S Linton
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | | | | | - Gail L Matters
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
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185
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Tian F, Liu C, Lin L, Chen Q, Sun J. Microfluidic analysis of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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186
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Lv X, Geng Z, Su Y, Fan Z, Wang S, Fang W, Chen H. Label-Free Exosome Detection Based on a Low-Cost Plasmonic Biosensor Array Integrated with Microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9816-9824. [PMID: 31268344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance-based plasmonic biosensors are interesting candidates for the design of portable optical biosensor platforms owing to their integration, miniaturization, multiparameter, real-time, and label-free detection characteristics. Plasmonic biosensor arrays that have been combined with microfluidics have been developed herein to detect exosomes label-free. Gold nano-ellipsoid arrays were fabricated with low-cost anodic aluminum oxide thin films that act as shadow masks for evaporation of Au. The nano-ellipsoid arrays were integrated with a microfluidic chip to achieve multiparameter detection. The anti-CD63 antibody that is specific to the exosome transmembrane protein CD63 is modified on the surface of the nano-ellipsoids. Exosome samples were injected into the biosensor platform at different concentrations and detected successfully. The detection limit was 1 ng/mL. The proposed plasmonic biosensor array can be universally applicable for the detection of other biomarkers by simply changing the antibody on the surface of the Au nano-ellipsoids. Moreover, this biosensor platform is envisaged to be potentially useful in the development of low-cost plasmonic-based biosensors for biomarker detection and for the investigation of exosomes for noninvasive disease diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Zhaoxin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Information Engineering , Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Weihao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Opoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
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187
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Yu Y, Li YT, Jin D, Yang F, Wu D, Xiao MM, Zhang H, Zhang ZY, Zhang GJ. Electrical and Label-Free Quantification of Exosomes with a Reduced Graphene Oxide Field Effect Transistor Biosensor. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10679-10686. [PMID: 31331170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Teaching and Research Office of Forensic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, People’s Republic of China
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188
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Beekman P, Enciso-Martinez A, Rho HS, Pujari SP, Lenferink A, Zuilhof H, Terstappen LWMM, Otto C, Le Gac S. Immuno-capture of extracellular vesicles for individual multi-modal characterization using AFM, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2526-2536. [PMID: 31292600 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) are promising blood biomarkers for cancer disease management. However, blood is a highly complex fluid that contains multiple objects in the same size range as tdEVs (30 nm-1 μm), which obscures an unimpeded analysis of tdEVs. Here, we report a multi-modal analysis platform for the specific capture of tdEVs on antibody-functionalized stainless steel substrates, followed by their analysis using SEM, Raman spectroscopy and AFM, at the single EV level in terms of size and size distribution, and chemical fingerprint. After covalent attachment of anti-EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibodies on stainless steel substrates, EV samples derived from a prostate cancer cell line (LnCAP) were flushed into a microfluidic device assembled with this stainless steel substrate for capture. To track the captured objects between the different analytical instruments and subsequent correlative analysis, navigation markers were fabricated onto the substrate from a cyanoacrylate glue. Specific capture of tdEVs on the antibody-functionalized surface was demonstrated using SEM, AFM and Raman imaging, with excellent correlation between the data acquired by the individual techniques. The particle distribution was visualized with SEM. Furthermore, a characteristic lipid-protein band at 2850-2950 cm-1 was observed with Raman spectroscopy, and with AFM the size distribution and surface density of the captured EVs was assessed. Finally, correlation of SEM and Raman images enabled discrimination of tdEVs from cyanoacrylate glue particles, highlighting the capability of this multi-modal analysis platform for distinguishing tdEVs from contamination. The trans-instrumental compatibility of the stainless steel substrate and the possibility to spatially correlate the images of the different modalities with the help of the navigation markers open new avenues to a wide spectrum of combinations of different analytical and imaging techniques for the study of more complex EV samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Beekman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands. and Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aufried Lenferink
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, The Netherlands and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Center, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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189
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Iliescu FS, Poenar DP, Yu F, Ni M, Chan KH, Cima I, Taylor HK, Cima I, Iliescu C. Recent advances in microfluidic methods in cancer liquid biopsy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:041503. [PMID: 31431816 PMCID: PMC6697033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection, its monitoring, and therapeutical prediction are highly valuable, though extremely challenging targets in oncology. Significant progress has been made recently, resulting in a group of devices and techniques that are now capable of successfully detecting, interpreting, and monitoring cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Precise information about malignancies can be obtained from liquid biopsies by isolating and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids, tumor-derived vesicles or proteins, and metabolites. The current work provides a general overview of the latest on-chip technological developments for cancer liquid biopsy. Current challenges for their translation and their application in various clinical settings are discussed. Microfluidic solutions for each set of biomarkers are compared, and a global overview of the major trends and ongoing research challenges is given. A detailed analysis of the microfluidic isolation of CTCs with recent efforts that aimed at increasing purity and capture efficiency is provided as well. Although CTCs have been the focus of a vast microfluidic research effort as the key element for obtaining relevant information, important clinical insights can also be achieved from alternative biomarkers, such as classical protein biomarkers, exosomes, or circulating-free nucleic acids. Finally, while most work has been devoted to the analysis of blood-based biomarkers, we highlight the less explored potential of urine as an ideal source of molecular cancer biomarkers for point-of-care lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S. Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Daniel P. Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Technological University, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100105, Ecuador
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | | | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Oncology/Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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190
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Wang P, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wang L, Lv Q, Xu D, Liu X, Wang G, Yang W, Wang P, Yu T, Xing S. One‐step synthesis of hydrophilic graphene‐Fe
3
O
4
‐PVA composite film: Micromorphology and performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and HealthQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- Shandong Orthopaedics and Traumatology Institute Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Daxing Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Xiu Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Guangtao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Wan Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Pengchen Wang
- Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Limited General Company Qingdao 266103 China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and HealthQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Shichao Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and HealthQingdao University Qingdao 266003 China
- Shandong Orthopaedics and Traumatology Institute Qingdao 266003 China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King's College LondonBHF Centre London SE5 9NU UK
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191
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Iliescu FS, Vrtačnik D, Neuzil P, Iliescu C. Microfluidic Technology for Clinical Applications of Exosomes. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060392. [PMID: 31212754 PMCID: PMC6631586 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of nanovesicle, are distinct cellular entities specifically capable of carrying various cargos between cells. It has been hypothesized that exosomes, as an enriched source of biomolecules, may serve as biomarkers for various diseases. This review introduces general aspects of exosomes, presents the challenges in exosome research, discusses the potential of exosomes as biomarkers, and describes the contribution of microfluidic technology to enable their isolation and analysis for diagnostic and disease monitoring. Additionally, clinical applications of exosomes for diagnostic purposes are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic Singapore, Singapore 738964, Singapore.
| | - Danilo Vrtačnik
- Laboratory of Microsensor Structures and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Pavel Neuzil
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest 050094, Romania.
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192
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Lu J, Pang J, Chen Y, Dong Q, Sheng J, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. Application of Microfluidic Chips in Separation and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsy for Cancer. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060390. [PMID: 31212643 PMCID: PMC6630239 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy of cancer. Separation EV from cell culture medium or biofluids with high purity and quality remains a technique challenge. EV manipulation techniques based on microfluidics have been developed in the last decade. Microfluidic-based EV separation techniques developed so far can be classified into two categories: surface biomarker-dependent and size-dependent approaches. Microfluidic techniques allow the integration of EV separation and analysis on a single chip. Integrated EV separation and on-chip analysis have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment of responses. In this review, we discuss the development of microfluidic chips for EV separation and analysis. We also detail the clinical application of these microfluidic chips in the liquid biopsy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jiushen Pang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jiahao Sheng
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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193
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Zhang P, Zhou X, Zeng Y. Multiplexed immunophenotyping of circulating exosomes on nano-engineered ExoProfile chip towards early diagnosis of cancer. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5495-5504. [PMID: 31293733 PMCID: PMC6544119 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating exosomes have been studied as a promising biomarker for non-invasive cancer diagnosis, as they are implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, the clinical significance of circulating exosomes has not been revealed thoroughly, due to the technical limitation in sensitive and multiplexed detection of cargoes on exosomes, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Herein we developed an integrated exosome profiling platform (ExoProfile chip) to afford superior sensitivity and multiplexed capability for quantitative detection of a panel of surface protein markers on exosomes. To achieve this goal, we innovatively constructed 3D porous serpentine nanostructures via patterned colloidal self-assembly to provide enormous reaction sites and improve biosensing efficiency of exosomes. Meanwhile, the switchable microfluidic design enabled the simultaneous detection of eight markers on single addition of exosome samples. The ExoProfile chip was validated with purified exosomes from SKOV3 cells, which yielded a limit of detection of 21 exosomes per μL. We applied the ExoProfile chip to clinical analysis of circulating exosomes using only 10 μL ovarian cancer plasma and completing the analysis within 3 h. The diagnostic power of seven markers (EGFR, HER2, CA125, FRα, CD24, EpCAM, and CD9 plus CD63) were evaluated with receiver operator characteristic curve and heatmap clustering. Compared to single biomarker, the combined assessment of a biomarker panel was demonstrated to display improved accuracy in distinguishing early and late stage cancer. The results suggested the ExoProfile chip as a promising platform for molecular fingerprinting of circulating exosomes towards early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Ralph N Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA .
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Ralph N Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA .
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Ralph N Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA .
- University of Kansas Cancer Center , Kansas City , KS 66160 , USA
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194
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Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31167492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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195
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Mari R, Mamessier E, Lambaudie E, Provansal M, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Sabatier R. Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E774. [PMID: 31167492 PMCID: PMC6627130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Mari
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Magali Provansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
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196
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Mari R, Mamessier E, Lambaudie E, Provansal M, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Sabatier R. Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31167492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Mari
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Magali Provansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
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197
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Chang L, Ni J, Zhu Y, Pang B, Graham P, Zhang H, Li Y. Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: recent advances in circulating extracellular vesicle detection for early diagnosis and monitoring progression. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4130-4140. [PMID: 31281536 PMCID: PMC6592165 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current biomarkers available in the clinic are not enough for early diagnosis or for monitoring disease progression of ovarian cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive test and has the advantage of early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of treatment response. Although significant progress has been made in the usage of circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their potential for early detection or monitoring progression remains elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of lipid membranous particles released from almost all cell types. EVs contain proteins, mRNA, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs, and lipids and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in cancer development and metastasis, thus holding promise for liquid biopsy-based biomarker discovery for ovarian cancer diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the advantages of EV-based liquid biopsy, summarize the protein biomarkers identified from EVs in ovarian cancer, and highlight the utility of new technologies recently developed for EV detection with an emphasis on their use for diagnosing ovarian cancer, monitoring cancer progression, and developing personalized medicine.
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198
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Yang C, Kim HS, Song G, Lim W. The potential role of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21493-21503. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition Kookmin University Seoul Republic of Korea
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199
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Li P, Yu X, Han W, Kong Y, Bao W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Gu Y. Ultrasensitive and Reversible Nanoplatform of Urinary Exosomes for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1433-1441. [PMID: 31017389 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes in urine have been extensively studied recently and regarded as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, which presents wide prospects in clinical applications. Sensitive detection and specific capture methods are essential for exosomes analysis. Herein, a dual functional platform composed of superparamagnetic conjunctions and molecular beacons (SMC-MB) is reported. The SMC-MB platform is designed based on aptamer immunoaffinity with ultrasensitive detection efficiency and reversible isolation capacity, which, respectively, profit from nonenzymatic amplification methods and magnetic separation along with restriction cleavage. It is noteworthy that exosomes quantification was exactly amplified and transformed into single strand DNA detection. Correlated measurements evidence that the limit of detection of SMC-MB is as low as ∼100 particles/μL in urine, and a linear relationship meets between the logarithmic concentration of exosomes and fluorescence intensity of the molecular beacon. Furthermore, employing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) aptamer, the platform adapted to detect and capture PMSA-positive exosomes from urine samples provides excellent diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer (PCa). The expression of typical biomarkers of PCa, i.e., PSA and PCA3 mRNA, is significantly higher in PSMA-positive exosomes. Altogether, the platform and strategy described in this paper are promising in urinary exosomes analysis and prostate cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiyuan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wujuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiyang Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning
District, Nanjing 211198, China
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200
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Zhao Z, McGill J, Gamero-Kubota P, He M. Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1877-1886. [PMID: 31044204 PMCID: PMC6520140 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes (30-150 nm), are an emerging delivery system in mediating cellular communications, which have been observed for priming immune responses by presenting parent cell signaling proteins or tumor antigens to immune cells. Therefore, preparation of antigenic exosomes that can play therapeutic roles, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, is emerging. However, standard benchtop methods (e.g., ultracentrifugation and filtration) lack the ability to purify antigenic exosomes specifically among other microvesicle subtypes, due to the non-selective and time-consuming (>10 h) isolation protocols. Exosome engineering approaches, such as the transfection of parent cells, also suffer from poor yields, low purity, and time-consuming operations. In this paper, we introduce a streamlined microfluidic cell culture platform for integration of harvesting, antigenic modification, and photo-release of surface engineered exosomes in one workflow, which enables the production of intact, MHC peptide surface engineered exosomes for cytolysis activation. A PDMS microfluidic cell culture chip is simply cast from a 3D-printed mold. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the enhanced ability of harvested exosomes in antigen presentation and T cell activation, by decorating melanoma tumor peptides on the exosome surface (e.g., gp-100, MART-1, and MAGE-A3). Such surface engineered antigenic exosomes were harvested in real-time from the on-chip culture of leukocytes isolated from human blood, leading to much faster cellular uptake. The activation of gp100-specific CD8 T cells which were purified from the spleen of 2 Pmel1 transgenic mice was evaluated using surface engineered exosomes prepared from murine antigen presenting cells. Antigen-specific CD8 T cell proliferation was significantly induced by the engineered exosomes compared to that by native, non-engineered exosomes. This microfluidic platform serves as an automated and highly integrated cell culture device for rapid and real-time production of therapeutic exosomes that could advance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
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