151
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Mangla B, Javed S, Sultan MH, Kumar P, Kohli K, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Al Bratty M, Ahsan W. Sulforaphane: A review of its therapeutic potentials, advances in its nanodelivery, recent patents, and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5440-5458. [PMID: 34184327 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, herbal supplements have shown an exceptional potential of desirability for the prevention of diseases and their treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN), an organosulfur compound belongs to the isothiocyanate (ITC) group and is mainly found naturally in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have now revealed that SFN possesses broad spectrum of activities and has shown extraordinary potential as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, SFN is proven to be less toxic, non-oxidizable, and its administration to individuals is well tolerated, making it an effective natural dietary supplement for clinical trials. SFN has shown its ability to be a promising future drug molecule for the management of various diseases mainly due to its potent antioxidant properties. In recent times, several newer drug delivery systems were designed and developed for this potential molecule in order to enhance its bioavailability, stability, and to reduce its side effects. This review focuses to cover numerous data supporting the wide range of pharmacological activities of SFN, its drug-related issues, and approaches to improve its physicochemical and biological properties, including solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Recent patents and the ongoing clinical trials on SFN are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hadi Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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152
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Ni H, Qin H, Sun C, Liu Y, Ruan G, Guo Q, Xi T, Xing Y, Zheng L. MiR-375 reduces the stemness of gastric cancer cells through triggering ferroptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 34090492 PMCID: PMC8180146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main causes of metastasis and drug resistance. We previously indicated that miR-375 can inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis; here, we aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of miR-375 on gastric cancer (GC) cell stemness. METHODS Lentivirus infection was used to construct GC cells with ectopic expression of miR-375. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including analysis of tumor spheroid formation, CD44+ sub-population with stemness, stemness marker expression, and tumor-initiating ability, were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-375 on the stemness of GC cells. Furthermore, microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to search the potential targets of miR-375 in GC cells. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA-FISH assays were carried out to verify the targeting of miR-375. Subsequently, combined with tissue microarray analysis, erastin-resistant GC cells, transmission electron microscopy, a series of agonists and oxidative stress markers, the underlying mechanisms contributing to miR-375-mediated effects were explored. RESULTS MiR-375 reduced the stemness of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC7A11 was identified as a direct target of miR-375 and miR-375 attenuated the stemness of GC cells mainly through triggering SLC7A11-dependent ferroptosis. CONCLUSION MiR-375 can trigger the ferroptosis through targeting SLC7A11, which is essential for miR-375-mediated inhibition on GC cell stemness. These results suggest that the miR-375/SLC7A11 regulatory axis could serve as a potential target to provoke the ferroptosis and thus attenuate the stemness of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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153
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Wang G, Sun Q, Zhu H, Bi Y, Zhu H, Xu A. The stabilization of yes-associated protein by TGFβ-activated kinase 1 regulates the self-renewal and oncogenesis of gastric cancer stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6584-6601. [PMID: 34075691 PMCID: PMC8278074 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most frequent digestive system malignant tumour and the second most common cause of cancer death globally. Cancer stem cell (CSC) is a small percentage of cancer cells in solid tumours that have differentiation, self‐renewal and tumorigenic capabilities. They have an active participation in the initiation, development, metastasis, recurrence and resistance of tumours to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) have been shown to be correlated with GC initiation and metastasis. In this study, we found that TAK1 expression level in GC tissues was significantly increased compared to the adjacent non‐cancerous tissues by RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. TAK1 has been identified as a critical molecule that promoted a variety of malignant GC phenotypes both in vivo and in vitro and promoted the self‐renewal of GCSCs. Mechanistically, TAK1 was up‐regulated by IL‐6 and prevented the degradation of yes‐associated protein (YAP) in the cytoplasm by binding to YAP. Thus, TAK1 promoted the SOX2 and SOX9 transcription and the self‐renewal and oncogenesis of GCSCs. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of self‐renewal and tumorigenesis of TAK1 in GCSCs and have broad implications for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qikai Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haixing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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154
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Dai G, Guo Z, Chen H, Jiang M, Zhou H, Bao J, Yu H, Huang J. High expression of guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like-3-like is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25993. [PMID: 34032716 PMCID: PMC8154413 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like-3-like (GNL3L) is required for processing ribosomal pre-rRNA and cell proliferation and is upregulated in many types of cancer. This study is aimed to investigate the clinical significance of GNL3L in esophageal cancer. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GNL3L were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. GNL3L was localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. The expression levels of GNL3L in esophageal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent nonmalignant tissues. High GNL3L expression was associated with pathologic type and poor differentiation. Patients with high GNL3L expression had shorter overall survival (OS) than those with low GNL3L expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that GNL3L expression was an independently predictive factor for the OS of patient with esophageal cancer. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases also showed that GNL3L was upregulated in esophageal cancer, which was closely associated with an unfavorable prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that GNL3L is upregulated in esophageal cancer, which is linked to the progression of the disease. As a result, GNL3L could be used as a biomarker for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Zhongying Guo
- Department of Pathology, Huai’an First People's Hospital, Huai’an
| | - Huiping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou University of Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Jingjing Bao
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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155
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Zeng F, Yao M, Wang Y, Zheng W, Liu S, Hou Z, Cheng X, Sun S, Li T, Zhao H, Luo Y, Li J. Fatty acid β-oxidation promotes breast cancer stemness and metastasis via the miRNA-328-3p-CPT1A pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:383-395. [PMID: 34045663 PMCID: PMC8940624 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to be associated with tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. MiR-328-3p plays a significant role in breast cancer growth; however, its actual function and how it modulates specific biological functions is poorly understood. Here, miR-328-3p was significantly downregulated in breast cancer, especially in patients with metastasis. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1A) is a downstream target gene in the miR-328-3p-regulated pathway. Furthermore, the miR-328-3p/CPT1A/fatty acid β-oxidation/stemness axis was shown responsible for breast cancer metastasis. Collectively, this study revealed that miR-328-3p is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer patients with metastasis, and also a model for the miRNA-fatty acid β-oxidation-stemness axis, which may assist inunderstanding the cancer stem cell signaling functions of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinpu Avenue and Xinlong Avenue in Xinpu New District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingkang Yao
- Respiratory medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengshan Liu
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zeyu Hou
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Suhong Sun
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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156
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Gwynne WD, Shakeel MS, Girgis-Gabardo A, Hassell JA. The Role of Serotonin in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113171. [PMID: 34073226 PMCID: PMC8198186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors were the first tumors of epithelial origin shown to follow the cancer stem cell model. The model proposes that cancer stem cells are uniquely endowed with tumorigenic capacity and that their aberrant differentiation yields non-tumorigenic progeny, which constitute the bulk of the tumor cell population. Breast cancer stem cells resist therapies and seed metastases; thus, they account for breast cancer recurrence. Hence, targeting these cells is essential to achieve durable breast cancer remissions. We identified compounds including selective antagonists of multiple serotonergic system pathway components required for serotonin biosynthesis, transport, activity via multiple 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), and catabolism that reduce the viability of breast cancer stem cells of both mouse and human origin using multiple orthologous assays. The molecular targets of the selective antagonists are expressed in breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines, which also produce serotonin, implying that it plays a required functional role in these cells. The selective antagonists act synergistically with chemotherapy to shrink mouse mammary tumors and human breast tumor xenografts primarily by inducing programmed tumor cell death. We hypothesize those serotonergic proteins of diverse activity function by common signaling pathways to maintain cancer stem cell viability. Here, we summarize our recent findings and the relevant literature regarding the role of serotonin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Mirza S. Shakeel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.S.S.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Adele Girgis-Gabardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.S.S.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - John A. Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.S.S.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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157
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The inhibition of ABCB1/MDR1 or ABCG2/BCRP enables doxorubicin to eliminate liver cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10791. [PMID: 34031441 PMCID: PMC8144399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCG2/BCRP, are considered the most critical determinants for chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, their roles in the chemoresistance in liver cancer stem cells remain elusive. Here we explored the role of inhibition of MDR1 or ABCG2 in sensitizing liver cancer stem cells to doxorubicin, the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in treating liver cancer. We show that the inhibition of MDR1 or ABCG2 in Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNAi resulted in the elevated level of intracellular concentration of doxorubicin and the accompanied increased apoptosis as determined by confocal microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, flow cytometry, and annexin V assay. Notably, the inhibition of MDR1 or ABCG2 led to the reversal of the chemoresistance, as evident from the enhanced death of the chemoresistant liver cancer stem cells in tumorsphere-forming assays. Thus, the elevation of effective intracellular concentration of doxorubicin via the inhibition of MDR1 or ABCG2 represents a promising future strategy that transforms doxorubicin from a traditional chemotherapy agent into a robust killer of liver cancer stem cells for patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization.
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158
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Zhang A, Tao W, Zhai K, Fang X, Huang Z, Yu JS, Sloan AE, Rich JN, Zhou W, Bao S. Protein sumoylation with SUMO1 promoted by Pin1 in glioma stem cells augments glioblastoma malignancy. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1809-1821. [PMID: 32592588 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumorigenic potential of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is associated with multiple reversible molecular alternations, but the role of posttranslational protein sumoylation in GSCs has not been elucidated. The development of GSC-targeting drugs relies on the discovery of GSC-preferential molecular modifications and the relevant signaling pathways. In this work, we investigated the protein sumoylation status, the major sumoylated substrate, and the key regulatory enzyme in GSCs to explore the therapeutic potential of disrupting protein sumoylation for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. METHODS Patient-derived GSCs, primary GBM sections, and intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine protein sumoylation and the related molecular mechanisms by immunoblot, quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic GBM xenograft models were applied to investigate the inhibition of tumor growth by disrupting protein sumoylation with short hairpin (sh)RNAs or molecular inhibitors. RESULTS We show that high levels of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1)-but not SUMO2/3-modified sumoylation are preferentially present in GSCs. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is a major SUMO1-sumoylated substrate in GSCs, whose sumoylation facilitates its interaction with c-Myc to stabilize c-Myc proteins. The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and functions as the key enzyme to promote SUMO1 sumoylation. Disruption of SUMO1 sumoylation by Pin1 silencing with shRNAs or inhibition with its inhibitor Juglone markedly abrogated GSC maintenance and mitigated GSC-driven tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that high SUMO1-modified protein sumoylation as a feature of GSCs is critical for GSC maintenance, suggesting that targeting SUMO1 sumoylation may effectively improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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159
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Song K, Farzaneh M. Signaling pathways governing breast cancer stem cells behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:245. [PMID: 33863385 PMCID: PMC8052733 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second common cancer and the leading cause of malignancy among females overall. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that play a critical role in the metastasis of breast cancer to other organs in the body. BCSCs have both self-renewal and differentiation capacities, which are thought to contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting BCSCs can be a suitable approach for the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that the Wnt, NFκB, Notch, BMP2, STAT3, and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways govern epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, growth, and tumorigenesis of BCSCs in the primary regions. miRNAs as the central regulatory molecules also play critical roles in BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review discusses known signaling mechanisms involved in the stimulation or prevention of BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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160
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Wang Y, Lv Z, Chen F, Wang X, Gou S. Discovery of 5-(3-Chlorophenylamino)benzo[ c][2,6]naphthyridine Derivatives as Highly Selective CK2 Inhibitors with Potent Cancer Cell Stemness Inhibition. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5082-5098. [PMID: 33834781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional entities have recently been attractive for the development of anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. However, such entities with concurrent CK2 along with cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitory activities are rare in a single small molecule. Herein, a series of 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine derivatives were synthesized using a known CK2 inhibitor, silmitasertib (CX-4945), as the lead compound. Among the resulting compounds, 1c exhibited stronger CK2 inhibitory activity with higher Clk2/CK2 selectivity than CX-4945. Significantly, 1c could modulate the Akt1(ser129)-GSK-3β(ser9)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibit the expression of the stemness marker ALDH1A1, CSC surface antigens, and stem genes, showing potent CSC inhibitory activity. Moreover, 1c also displayed superior pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity compared with CX-4945 sodium salt, without obvious toxicity. The favorable antiproliferative and antitumor activity of 1c, its high inhibitory selectivity for CK2, and its potent inhibition of cancer cell stemness make this molecule a candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhaodan Lv
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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161
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Abstract
Being the second leading cause of death globally, cancer has been a long-standing and rapidly evolving focus of biomedical research and practice in the world. A tremendous effort has been made to understand the origin of cancer cells, the formation of cancerous tissues, and the mechanism by which they spread and relapse, but the disease still remains mysterious. Here, we made an attempt to scrutinize evidences that indicate the role of stem cells in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and cancer relapse. We also looked into the influence of cancers on stem cells, which in turn represent a major constituent of tumor microenvironment. Based on current understandings of the properties of (cancer) stem cells and their relation to cancers, we can foresee that novel therapeutic approaches would become the next wave of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linling Jiang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China.,Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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162
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Morton SU, Shimamura A, Newburger PE, Opotowsky AR, Quiat D, Pereira AC, Jin SC, Gurvitz M, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Shen Y, Bernstein D, Gelb BD, Giardini A, Goldmuntz E, Kim RW, Lifton RP, Porter GA, Srivastava D, Tristani-Firouzi M, Newburger JW, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Association of Damaging Variants in Genes With Increased Cancer Risk Among Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:457-462. [PMID: 33084842 PMCID: PMC7578917 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common birth defect, have increased risks for cancer. Identification of the variables that contribute to cancer risk is essential for recognizing patients with CHD who warrant longitudinal surveillance and early interventions. Objective To compare the frequency of damaging variants in cancer risk genes among patients with CHD and control participants and identify associated clinical variables in patients with CHD who have cancer risk variants. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter case-control study included participants with CHD who had previously been recruited to the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium based on presence of structural cardiac anomaly without genetic diagnosis at the time of enrollment. Permission to use published sequencing data from unaffected adult participants was obtained from 2 parent studies. Data were collected for this study from December 2010 to April 2019. Exposures Presence of rare (allele frequency, <1 × 10-5) loss-of-function (LoF) variants in cancer risk genes. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency of LoF variants in cancer risk genes (defined in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer-Cancer Gene Consensus database), were statistically assessed by binomial tests in patients with CHD and control participants. Results A total of 4443 individuals with CHD (mean [range] age, 13.0 [0-84] years; 2225 of 3771 with reported sex [59.0%] male) and 9808 control participants (mean [range] age, 52.1 [1-92] years; 4967 of 9808 [50.6%] male) were included. The frequency of LoF variants in regulatory cancer risk genes was significantly higher in patients with CHD than control participants (143 of 4443 [3.2%] vs 166 of 9808 [1.7%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.93 [95% CI, 1.54-2.42]; P = 1.38 × 10-12), and among CHD genes previously associated with cancer risk (58 of 4443 [1.3%] vs 18 of 9808 [0.18%]; OR, 7.2 [95% CI, 4.2-12.2]; P < 2.2 × 10-16). The LoF variants were also nominally increased in 14 constrained cancer risk genes with high expression in the developing heart. Seven of these genes (ARHGEF12, CTNNB1, LPP, MLLT4, PTEN, TCF12, and TFRC) harbored LoF variants in multiple patients with unexplained CHD. The highest rates for LoF variants in cancer risk genes occurred in patients with CHD and extracardiac anomalies (248 of 1482 individuals [16.7%]; control: 1099 of 9808 individuals [11.2%]; OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.37-1.85]; P = 1.3 × 10-10) and/or neurodevelopmental delay (209 of 1393 individuals [15.0%]; control: 1099 of 9808 individuals [11.2%]; OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19-1.64]; P = 9.6 × 10-6). Conclusions and Relevance Genotypes of CHD may account for increased cancer risks. In this cohort, damaging variants were prominent in the 216 genes that predominantly encode regulatory proteins. Consistent with their fundamental developmental functions, patients with CHD and damaging variants in these genes often had extracardiac manifestations. These data may also implicate cancer risk genes that are repeatedly varied in patients with unexplained CHD as CHD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter E Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Alexander R Opotowsky
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Quiat
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michelle Gurvitz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martina Brueckner
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Departments of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Richard W Kim
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - George A Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jane W Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J G Seidman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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163
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Wang S, Li G. RETRACTED ARTICLE: LncRNA XIST inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and metastasis via regulating miR-150-5p/PDCD4 signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:763. [PMID: 31930432 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- Department of Imaging, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Guanzhen Li
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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164
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Wang W, Bai L, Xu D, Li W, Cui J. Immunotherapy: A Potential Approach to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:117-131. [PMID: 32364076 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200504111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and drug resistance are two of the key factors affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of cells with infinite proliferation potential which are not sensitive to traditional therapies, including radio- and chemotherapy. These CSCs are considered to be central to tumor recurrence and the development of drug resistance. In addition, CSCs are important targets in cancer immunotherapy because of their expression of novel tumorassociated antigens, which result from mutations in cancer cells over the course of treatment. Emerging immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, checkpoint blockade therapies, and transferred immune cell therapies, have all been shown to be more effective when they selectively target CSCs. Such therapies may also provide novel additions to the current therapeutic milieu and may offer new therapeutic combinations for treatment. This review summarizes the relationships between various immunotherapies and CSCs and provides novel insights into potential therapeutic applications for these approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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165
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Kang Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Liao S, Jin M, Zhang L, Wu X, Zhao T, Zhang J, Lv J, Zhu D. Identification and Validation of the Prognostic Stemness Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer Bone Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641184. [PMID: 33816287 PMCID: PMC8017322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common urinary system malignancies with a high metastasis rate. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the occurrence and progression of BLCA, however, its roles in bone metastasis and the prognostic stemness biomarkers have not been identified in BLCA. Method In order to identify the roles of CSC in the tumorigenesis, bone metastasis and prognosis of BLCA, the RNA sequencing data of patients with BLCA were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) were evaluated and identified. The associations between mRNAsi and the tumorigenesis, bone metastasis, clinical stage and overall survival (OS) were also established. The key prognostic stemness-related genes (PSRGs) were screened by Lasso regression, and based on them, the predict model was constructed. Its accuracy was tested by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the risk score. Additionally, in order to explore the key regulatory network, the relationship among differentially expressing TFs, PSRGs, and absolute quantification of 50 hallmarks of cancer were also identified by Pearson correlation analysis. To verify the identified key TFs and PSRGs, their expression levels were identified by our clinical samples via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results A total of 8,647 DEGs were identified between 411 primary BLCAs and 19 normal solid tissue samples. According to the clinical stage, mRNAsi and bone metastasis of BLCA, 2,383 stage-related DEGs, 3,680 stemness-related DEGs and 716 bone metastasis-associated DEGs were uncovered, respectively. Additionally, compared with normal tissue, mRNAsi was significantly upregulated in the primary BLCA and also associated with the prognosis (P = 0.016), bone metastasis (P < 0.001) and AJCC clinical stage (P < 0.001) of BLCA patients. A total of 20 PSRGs were further screened by Lasso regression, and based on them, we constructed the predict model with a relatively high accuracy (AUC: 0.699). Moreover, we found two key TFs (EPO, ARID3A), four key PRSGs (CACNA1E, LINC01356, CGA and SSX3) and five key hallmarks of cancer gene sets (DNA repair, myc targets, E2F targets, mTORC1 signaling and unfolded protein response) in the regulatory network. The tissue microarray of BLCA and BLCA bone metastasis also revealed high expression of the key TFs (EPO, ARID3A) and PRSGs (SSX3) in BLCA. Conclusion Our study identifies mRNAsi as a reliable index in predicting the tumorigenesis, bone metastasis and prognosis of patients with BLCA and provides a well-applied model for predicting the OS for patients with BLCA based on 20 PSRGs. Besides, we also identified the regulatory network between key PSRGs and cancer gene sets in mediating the BLCA bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengran Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingxiao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danjie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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166
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CDK1 promotes the stemness of lung cancer cells through interacting with Sox2. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1743-1751. [PMID: 33721187 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The promoting roles of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) have been revealed in various tumors, however, its effects in the progression of cancer stem cells are still confusing. This work aims to explore the roles of CDK1 in regulating the stemness of lung cancer cells. METHODS Online dataset analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between CDK1 exression and the survival of lung cancer patients. RT-qPCR, western blot, cell viability, sphere-formation analysis and ALDH activity detection were used to investigate the roles of CDK1 on lung cancer cell stemness, viability and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Immunocoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis and rescuing experiments were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms contributing to CDK1-mediated effects on lung cancer cell stemness. RESULTS CDK1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival of lung cancer patients and remarkably increased in tumor spheres formed by lung cancer cells compared to the parental cells. Additionally, CDK1 positively regulated the stemness of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, CDK1 could interact with Sox2 protein, but not other stemness markers (Oct4, Nanog and CD133). Furthermore, CDK1 increased the phosphorylation, cytoplasm-nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Sox2 protein in lung cancer cells. Moreover, CDK1 positively regulated the stemness of lung cancer cells in a Sox2-dependent manner. Finally, we revealed that inhibition of CDK1 enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity, which was also rescued by Sox2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals a novel CDK1/Sox2 axis responsible for maintaining the stemness of lung cancer cells.
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167
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Yue D, Liu S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Qin G, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang D, Huang L, Wang F, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang Y. NEDD9 promotes cancer stemness by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells via CXCL8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0290. [PMID: 33710809 PMCID: PMC8330544 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may cause tumor initiation, metastasis, and recurrence and are also responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), in contrast, are known to be involved in mediating immunosuppression. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of interaction of CSCs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS ESCC tissues and cell lines were evaluated. Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) was knocked down and overexpressed by lentiviral transfection. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, cell invasion, flow cytometry, cell sorting, multiplex chemokine profiling, and tumor growth analyses were performed. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed 10 upregulated genes in esophageal CSCs. Only NEDD9 was upregulated in CSCs using the sphere-forming method. NEDD9 expression was correlated with tumor invasion (P = 0.0218), differentiation (P = 0.0153), and poor prognosis (P = 0.0373). Additionally, NEDD9 was required to maintain the stem-like phenotype. Screening of chemokine expression in ESCC cells with NEDD9 overexpression and knockdown showed that NEDD9 regulated C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) expression via the ERK pathway. CXCL8 mediated the recruitment of MDSCs induced by NEDD9 in vitro and in vivo. MDSCs promoted the stemness of ESCC cells through NEDD9 via the Notch pathway. CONCLUSIONS As a marker of ESCC, NEDD9 maintained the stemness of ESCC cells and regulated CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor, suggesting NEDD9 as a therapeutic target and novel prognostic marker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
- Biomed Innovation Center, Yehoo Group, Shenzhen 518067, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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168
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Li WJ, Wang Y, Liu R, Kasinski AL, Shen H, Slack FJ, Tang DG. MicroRNA-34a: Potent Tumor Suppressor, Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitor, and Potential Anticancer Therapeutic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640587. [PMID: 33763422 PMCID: PMC7982597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that virtually all treatment-naive tumors contain a subpopulation of cancer cells that possess some stem cell traits and properties and are operationally defined as cancer cell stem cells (CSCs). CSCs manifest inherent heterogeneity in that they may exist in an epithelial and proliferative state or a mesenchymal non-proliferative and invasive state. Spontaneous tumor progression, therapeutic treatments, and (epi)genetic mutations may also induce plasticity in non-CSCs and reprogram them into stem-like cancer cells. Intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity and induced cancer cell plasticity, constantly and dynamically, generate a pool of CSC subpopulations with varying levels of epigenomic stability and stemness. Despite the dynamic and transient nature of CSCs, they play fundamental roles in mediating therapy resistance and tumor relapse. It is now clear that the stemness of CSCs is coordinately regulated by genetic factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, in this perspective, we first provide a brief updated overview of CSCs. We then focus on microRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) devoid in many CSCs and advanced tumors. Being a member of the miR-34 family, miR-34a was identified as a p53 target in 2007. It is a bona fide tumor suppressor, and its expression is dysregulated and downregulated in various human cancers. By targeting stemness factors such as NOTCH, MYC, BCL-2, and CD44, miR-34a epigenetically and negatively regulates the functional properties of CSCs. We shall briefly discuss potential reasons behind the failure of the first-in-class clinical trial of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic. Finally, we offer several clinical settings where miR-34a can potentially be deployed to therapeutically target CSCs and advanced, therapy-resistant, and p53-mutant tumors in order to overcome therapy resistance and curb tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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169
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COL14A1 promotes self-renewal of human liver cancer stem cells through activation of ERK signaling. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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170
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Yan G, Dai M, Zhang C, Poulet S, Moamer A, Wang N, Boudreault J, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. TGFβ/cyclin D1/Smad-mediated inhibition of BMP4 promotes breast cancer stem cell self-renewal activity. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 33649296 PMCID: PMC7921419 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) display poor prognosis, have a high risk of tumor recurrence, and exhibit high resistance to drug treatments. The TNBC aggressive features are largely due to the high proportion of cancer stem cells present within these tumors. In this study, we investigated the interplay and networking pathways occurring between TGFβ family ligands in regulating stemness in TNBCs. We found that TGFβ stimulation of TNBCs resulted in enhanced tumorsphere formation efficiency and an increased proportion of the highly tumorigenic CD44high/CD24low cancer stem cell population. Analysis of the TGFβ transcriptome in TNBC cells revealed bone morphogenetic protein4 (BMP4) as a main TGFβ-repressed target in these tumor cells. We further found that BMP4 opposed TGFβ effects on stemness and potently decreased cancer stem cell numbers, thereby acting as a differentiation factor in TNBC. At the molecular level, we found that TGFβ inhibition of BMP4 gene expression is mediated through the Smad pathway and cyclin D1. In addition, we also found BMP4 to act as a pro-differentiation factor in normal mammary epithelial cells and promote mammary acinar formation in 3D cell culture assays. Finally, and consistent with our in vitro results, in silico patient data analysis defined BMP4 as a potential valuable prognosis marker for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yan
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Meiou Dai
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chenjing Zhang
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sophie Poulet
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alaa Moamer
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julien Boudreault
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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171
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Tan J, Zhu H, Tang G, Liu H, Wanggou S, Cao Y, Xin Z, Zhou Q, Zhan C, Wu Z, Guo Y, Jiang Z, Zhao M, Ren C, Jiang X, Yin W. Molecular Subtypes Based on the Stemness Index Predict Prognosis in Glioma Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:616507. [PMID: 33732284 PMCID: PMC7957071 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.616507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the common histological subtype of malignancy in the central nervous system, with high morbidity and mortality. Glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in tumor recurrence and treatment resistance. Thus, exploring the stem cell-related genes and subtypes in glioma is important. In this study, we collected the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical information of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. With the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 86 mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi)-related genes in 583 samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset. Furthermore, these samples from TCGA database could be divided into two significantly different subtypes with different prognoses based on the mRNAsi corresponding gene, which could also be validated in the CGGA database. The clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltrate distribution of the two stemness subtypes are different. Then, functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify the different gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways in the two different subtypes. Moreover, we constructed a stemness subtype-related risk score model and nomogram to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. Finally, we selected one gene (ETV2) from the risk score model for experimental validation. The results showed that ETV2 can contribute to the invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of glioma. In conclusion, we identified two distinct molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic targets of glioma, which could provide new insights for the development of precision diagnosis and prognostic prediction for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Guihua Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yudong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaohong Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoping Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youwei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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172
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Pingali P, Wu YJ, Boothello R, Sharon C, Li H, Sistla S, Sankaranarayanan NV, Desai UR, Le AT, Doebele RC, Muldoon LL, Patel BB, Neuwelt A. High dose acetaminophen inhibits STAT3 and has free radical independent anti-cancer stem cell activity. Neoplasia 2021; 23:348-359. [PMID: 33640759 PMCID: PMC7920811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose acetaminophen (AAP) with delayed rescue using n-acetylcysteine (NAC), the FDA-approved antidote to AAP overdose, has demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy in early phase clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of AAP's anticancer effects remains elusive. Using clinically relevant AAP concentrations, we evaluated cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in vitro and in vivo in lung cancer and melanoma cells with diverse driver mutations. Associated mechanisms were also studied. Our results demonstrated that AAP inhibited 3D spheroid formation, self-renewal, and expression of CSC markers when human cancer cells were grown in serum-free CSC media. Similarly, anti-CSC activity was demonstrated in vivo in xenograft models - tumor formation following in vitro treatment and ex-vivo spheroid formation following in vivo treatment. Intriguingly, NAC, used to mitigate AAP's liver toxicity, did not rescue cells from AAP's anti-CSC effects, and AAP failed to reduce glutathione levels in tumor xenograft in contrast to mice liver tissue suggesting nonglutathione-related MOA. In fact, AAP mediates its anti-CSC effect via inhibition of STAT3. AAP directly binds to STAT3 with an affinity in the low micromolar range and a high degree of specificity for STAT3 relative to STAT1. These findings have high immediate translational significance concerning advancing AAP with NAC rescue to selectively rescue hepatotoxicity while inhibiting CSCs. The novel mechanism of selective STAT3 inhibition has implications for developing rational anticancer combinations and better patient selection (predictive biomarkers) for clinical studies and developing novel selective STAT3 inhibitors using AAP's molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Pingali
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Rio Boothello
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Chetna Sharon
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Department of Pulmonology, Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Richmond, VA
| | - Srinivas Sistla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Nehru Viji Sankaranarayanan
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Anh T Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative care, Department of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA.
| | - Alexander Neuwelt
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative care, Department of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA.
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173
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Hwang GR, Yuen JG, Ju J. Roles of microRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer Stem Cell Resistance and Therapeutic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041624. [PMID: 33562727 PMCID: PMC7915611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer treatment is one of the major challenges currently faced when treating gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A major contributing factor to this resistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GI cancers (e.g., colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, liver cancer). Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been found to regulate several key targets that are responsible for cancer stemness, and function as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor miRNAs. As a result, several miRNAs have been found to alter, or be altered by, the expression of CSC-defining markers and their related pathways. These miRNAs can be utilized to affect stemness in multiple ways, including directly targeting CSCs and enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This review highlights current studies regarding the roles of miRNAs in GI CSCs, and efforts towards the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Abstract
Stem Cell Reports frequently receives manuscripts dealing with the topic of cancer stem cells. Many of the submissions on this topic have major shortcomings in their content or limits to the conclusions that can be drawn from the results presented. The purpose of this Commentary is to highlight some of the underlying issues so that authors can enhance the strength of their research contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin F Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Editor-in-Chief, Stem Cell Reports.
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Yu S, Mulero MC, Chen W, Shang X, Tian S, Watanabe J, Watanabe A, Vorberg T, Wong C, Gately D, Howell SB. Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor Cells Rich in LGR Stem Cell Receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:376-384. [PMID: 33492953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
LGR5 and LGR6 mark epithelial stem cells in many niches including the ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelia from which ovarian cancer arises. Human ovarian cancers express these receptors at high levels and express one of their ligands, RSPO1, at levels uniquely higher than all other tumor types except mesothelioma. Reasoning that these receptors are also important to tumor stem cells, arming the LGR binding domain of RSPO1 with a cytotoxin may permit depletion of the tumor stem cells. The Fu1-Fu2 receptor binding domain of RSPO1 (R1FF), containing a sortase recognition sequence at the C-terminal end, was produced in bacteria and a single molecule of MMAE was attached to each R1FF through a val-cit-PAB linker using the sortase reaction, thus producing a homogeneous population of armed molecules. R1FF-MMAE demonstrated (1) selective LGR-dependent binding, uptake, and cytotoxicity; (2) low nM cytotoxicity to multiple types of human tumor cell lines in vitro; (3) favorable plasma pharmacokinetic properties when administered iv with an elimination half-life of 27.8 h; (4) favorable absorption from the peritoneal cavity; and (5) therapeutic activity in aggressive xenograft models of ovarian cancer in the absence of any weight loss or other adverse events. These results demonstrate that the Fu1-Fu2 domain of RSPO1 can be exploited to deliver a potent cytotoxin to tumor cells that express the LGR4-6 family of stem cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songman Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Maria Carmen Mulero
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, United States
| | - Wannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Fu North Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiying Shang
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, United States
| | - Songyu Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Joji Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University Hospital, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Arisa Watanabe
- Akasaki Medical Office, 1920-74 Akasaki, Kotoura, Tohaku, Tottori 689-2501, Japan
| | - Tim Vorberg
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Metastases, Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Wong
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, United States
| | - Dennis Gately
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, United States
| | - Stephen B Howell
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, California 92093-0819, United States
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Dai X, Guo Y, Hu Y, Bao X, Zhu X, Fu Q, Zhang H, Tong Z, Liu L, Zheng Y, Zhao P, Fang W. Immunotherapy for targeting cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:3489-3501. [PMID: 33537099 PMCID: PMC7847682 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development and remarkable success of checkpoint inhibitors have provided significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only 15-20% of HCC patients can benefit from checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for recurrence, metastasis, and local and systemic therapy resistance in HCC. Accumulating evidence has suggested that HCC CSCs can create an immunosuppressive microenvironment through certain intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, resulting in immune evasion. Intrinsic evasion mechanisms mainly include activation of immune-related CSC signaling pathways, low-level expression of antigen presenting molecules, and high-level expression of immunosuppressive molecules. External evasion mechanisms are mainly related to HBV/HCV infection, alcoholic/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hypoxia stimulation, abnormal angiogenesis, and crosstalk between CSCs and immune cells. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms of CSCs involved in immune evasion will contribute to therapies for HCC. Here we will outline the detailed mechanisms of immune evasion for CSCs, and provide an overview of the current immunotherapies targeting CSCs in HCC.
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177
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Yu Y, Kim H, Choi S, Yu J, Lee JY, Lee H, Yoon S, Kim WY. Targeting a Lipid Desaturation Enzyme, SCD1, Selectively Eliminates Colon Cancer Stem Cells through the Suppression of Wnt and NOTCH Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010106. [PMID: 33430034 PMCID: PMC7826607 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population may be required to achieve better outcomes of cancer therapy. We evaluated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) as a novel target for CSC-selective elimination in colon cancer. CSCs expressed more SCD1 than bulk cultured cells (BCCs), and blocking SCD1 expression or function revealed an essential role for SCD1 in the survival of CSCs, but not BCCs. The CSC potential selectively decreased after treatment with the SCD1 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. The CSC-selective suppression was mediated through the induction of apoptosis. The mechanism leading to selective CSC death was investigated by performing a quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 14 CSC-specific signaling and marker genes after 24 and 48 h of treatment with two concentrations of an inhibitor. The decrease in the expression of Notch1 and AXIN2 preceded changes in the expression of all other genes, at 24 h of treatment in a dose-dependent manner, followed by the downregulation of most Wnt- and NOTCH-signaling genes. Collectively, we showed that not only Wnt but also NOTCH signaling is a primary target of suppression by SCD1 inhibition in CSCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting SCD1 against colon cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongji Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - SeokGyeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - JinSuh Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hani Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea; (Y.Y.); (H.K.); (S.C.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2077-7587
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178
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Abstract
Only 10 years ago, the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) was still hotly debated. Even today, when their presence in most tumor types has been clearly demonstrated, all the consequences of their existence are far from being realized neither in the clinic nor, very often, in basic and translational cancer research. The existence of CSCs supposes a true change of paradigm in our understanding of cancer, but it will only have a real impact when we will properly assimilate its implications and apply these insights to both cancer research and cancer treatment. In this primer to the topic of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) our aim is to highlight with broad brushstrokes the most relevant of their properties, how these characteristics led to their identification, and the implications that the existence of LSCs has for the research and fight against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Sánchez-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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179
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Wang Y, Wu J, Chen H, Yang Y, Xiao C, Yi X, Shi C, Zhong K, He H, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhou G, Rao Q, Wang X, Zhou X, Lomberk G, Liu B, Zhao J, Ge J, Zhou W, Chu X, Chen C, Zhou X, Wang L, Guan K, Qu L. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified KLF11 as a druggable suppressor for sarcoma cancer stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe3445. [PMID: 33571129 PMCID: PMC7840125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumorigenesis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. To identify critical regulators of sarcoma CSCs, we performed a reporter-based genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen and uncovered Kruppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) as top candidate. In vitro and in vivo functional annotation defined a negative role of KLF11 in CSCs. Mechanistically, KLF11 and YAP/TEAD bound to adjacent DNA sites along with direct interaction. KLF11 recruited SIN3A/HDAC to suppress the transcriptional output of YAP/TEAD, which, in turn, promoted KLF11 transcription, forming a negative feedback loop. However, in CSCs, this negative feedback was lost because of epigenetic silence of KLF11, causing sustained YAP activation. Low KLF11 was associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy response in patients with sarcoma. Pharmacological activation of KLF11 by thiazolidinedione effectively restored chemotherapy response. Collectively, our study identifies KLF11 as a negative regulator in sarcoma CSCs and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chengwu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoming Yi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Haowei He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guangxin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qiu Rao
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaodie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Kunliang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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180
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Mortezaee K. Redox tolerance and metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:273-286. [PMID: 33236822 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells need to cope with the host environment for survival and keep growing in hard conditions. This suggests that tumors must acquire characteristics more potent than what is seen for normal tissue cells, without which they are condemned to disruption. For example, cancer cells have more potent redox tolerance compared with normal cells, which is due to their high adaptation to an oxidative crisis. In addition, increased demand for bioenergetics and biosynthesis can cause a rise in nutrient uptake in tumors. Utilizing nutrients in low nutrient conditions suggests that tumors are also equipped with adaptive metabolic processes. Switching the metabolic demands toward glucose consumption upon exposure to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, or changing toward using other sources when there is an overconsumption of glucose in the tumor area are examples of fitness metabolic systems in tumors. In fact, cancer cells in cooperation with their nearby stroma (in a process called metabolic coupling) can reprogram their metabolic systems in their favor. This suggests the high importance of stroma for meeting the metabolic demands of a growing tumor, an example in this context is the metabolic symbiosis between cancer-associated fibroblasts with cancer cells. The point is that redox tolerance and metabolic reprogramming are interrelated, and that, without a doubt, disruption of redox tolerance systems by transient exposure to either oxidative or antioxidative loading, or targeting metabolic rewiring by modulation of tumor glucose availability, controlling tumor/stroma interactions, etc. can be effective from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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181
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Tian C, Lang T, Qiu J, Han K, Zhou L, Min D, Zhang Z, Qi D. SKP1 promotes YAP-mediated colorectal cancer stemness via suppressing RASSF1. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:579. [PMID: 33292299 PMCID: PMC7713163 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as an important drug target, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. SKP1 is a traditional drug target for cancer therapy, while, whether SKP1 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells (CRC-SCs) and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. METHODS Human CRC cell lines and primary human CRC cells were used in this study. Gene manipulation was performed by lentivirus system. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The sphere-forming and in vitro migration capacities were determined by sphere formation and transwell assay. The self-renewal was determined by limiting dilution assay. The tumorigenicity and metastasis of cancer cells were examined by xenograft model. The promoter activity was examined by luciferase reporter assay. Nuclear run-on and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR (ChIP-PCR) assay were employed to examine the transcription and protein-DNA interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to test protein-protein interaction. The relationship between gene expression and survival was analyzed by Kaplan-meier analysis. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Spearman analysis. Data are represented as mean ± SD and the significance was determined by Student's t test. RESULTS SKP1 was upregulated in CRC-SCs and predicted poor prognosis of colon cancer patients. Overexpression of SKP1 promoted the stemness of CRC cells reflected by increased sphere-forming, migration and self-renewal capacities as well as the expression of CSCs markers. In contrast, SKP1 depletion produced the opposite effects. SKP1 strengthened YAP activity and knockdown of YAP abolished the effect of SKP1 on the stemness of CRC cells. SKP1 suppressed RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein level. Overexpression of RASSF1 abolished the effect of SKP1 on YAP activity and CRC stemness. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that SKP1 suppresses RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein level, attenuates Hippo signaling, activates YAP, and thereby promoting the stemness of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS, Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169867, Singapore
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, No. 222 Huan Hu Xi San Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dachuan Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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182
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Hu B, Xu Y, Li Y, Huang J, Cheng J, Guo W, Yin Y, Gao Y, Wang P, Wu S, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang X. CD13 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis and sorafenib resistance by activating HDAC5-LSD1-NF-κB oncogenic signaling. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e233. [PMID: 33377659 PMCID: PMC7708822 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE CD13 is a new marker for liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contributes to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of CD13 in HCC sorafenib resistance remains enigmatic. METHODS The expression of CD13 in HCC cell lines and tissues was assayed by RT-PCR, western-blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice model was used to study the in vivo functions of CD13. Clinical significance of CD13 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Cellular proliferation rate was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay. Tunel assay was used to detect cell death ratio. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the motility of cells. Immunoprecipitation (IP), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS, and co-IP were applied to investigate potential protein interactions of CD13. RESULTS In this research, we found that CD13 expression was higher in metastatic HCC samples, and its overexpression was predicted worse prognosis for patients after surgical resection. Functionally, CD13 promoted HCC proliferation, invasion, cell cycle progression as well as sorafenib resistance. Mechanistically, CD13 interacted with histone deacetylase5 (HDAC5) to promote its protein stability, thus resulting in HDAC5-mediated lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) deacetylation and protein stabilization. Consequently, LSD1 decreased the NF-κB catalytic unit p65 methylation that led to p65 protein stability. A CD13 inhibitor ubenimex in combination with sorafenib, suppressed the tumor growth and attenuated the resistance of HCC cells toward sorafenib in patient-derived xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS CD13 promotes HCC progression and induces sorafenib resistance, mainly via interacting with HDAC5 to prevent the degradation of p65 and activate NF-kB signaling pathway. CD13 is a prognostic indicator for HCC patients underwent curative resection as well as a predictor of response to treatment with sorafenib. Our study establishes the new therapeutic potential of targeting CD13-HDAC5-LSD1-NF-κB in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Cheng Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Huang
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jian‐Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory MedicineZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peng‐Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Sui‐Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Xin‐Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & TransplantationLiver Cancer InstituteZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghaiP. R. China
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Ghorbani M, Pourjafar F, Saffari M, Asgari Y. Paclitaxel resistance resulted in a stem-like state in triple-negative breast cancer: A systems biology approach. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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184
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Mechanisms of Anticancer Therapy Resistance: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239006. [PMID: 33260802 PMCID: PMC7730979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite incredible progress in anticancer therapy development, resistance to therapy is the major factor limiting the cure of cancer patients [...].
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185
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Fang W, Ni M, Zhang M, Chen H. Prognostic value of OCT4 in colorectal cancer: analysis using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics validation. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1473-1484. [PMID: 33185466 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was first performed to investigate the role of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The electronic databases were searched for the eligible studies. Odds ratios and hazard ratios were calculated. Functional analysis of OCT4 was examined. Results: Eight studies with 1480 CRC cases were identified. OCT4 expression was correlated with advanced clinical stage, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and distal metastasis. OCT4 was an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting worse disease-specific survival and overall survival in CRC. The functional analyses demonstrated that OCT4 was involved in multiple functions, such as cell adhesion, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, and regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Conclusion: OCT4 may be correlated with disease progression and metastasis, and could predict prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Meilin Ni
- Ningbo Customs District Technology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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186
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Guo H, Feng Y, Yu H, Xie Y, Luo F, Wang Y. A novel lncRNA, loc107985872, promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via the notch1 signaling pathway with exposure to traffic-originated PM2.5 organic extract. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115307. [PMID: 32829169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 pollution is an important and urgent problem in China that can increase mortality and hospital admissions. Traffic-originated PM2.5 organic component (tPo) mainly contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Research has shown that PAHs can promote invasion, metastasis, and cancer stem cell properties in lung adenocarcinoma cells, but the exact toxicological mechanism is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of lncRNAs on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma induced by tPo and the underlying mechanisms mediated by lncRNA-signaling pathway interactions. We found that chronic tPo treatment upregulated the expression of loc107985872, which further promoted cell invasion and migration, EMT and cancer stem cell properties via notch1 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Meanwhile, activation of the notch1 signaling pathway through loc107985872 might be associated with abnormally high expression of its upstream proteins, such as ADAM17, PSEN1 and DLL1. Moreover, tPo exposure induced EMT and the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like properties via the notch1 signaling pathway in vivo. In summary, loc107985872 upregulated by tPo promoted lung adenocarcinoma progression via the notch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hengyi Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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187
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- From Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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188
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Xia X, Li Y. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data stemness indices identifies key genes for controlling cancer stem cell characteristics in gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6050-6061. [PMID: 35117216 PMCID: PMC8797465 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the tumor cell of origin with self-renewing ability and multi-differentiation potency. CSCs can play vital roles in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis and relapse. However, the genes that regulate the stemness maintenance of CSCs in GC patients remain largely unknown. In the present study, we sought to determine the key genes associated with stemness in GC patients. METHODS mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNA SI) was analyzed with regard to the differential expression levels between normal and GC tissues, as well as clinical features and survival outcomes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify modules of interest and key genes. The differences in mRNA expression of key genes between normal and GC tissues were calculated by "ggpubr" package in R. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out to annotate the function of key genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene co-expression analyses were conducted using STRING and "corrplot" package in R, respectively. RESULTS mRNA SI score was markedly increased in GC tumor compared to normal tissues. High mRNA SI score was remarkably associated with more advanced tumor stage and higher pathologic grade, but longer survival times. Based on the results of WGCNA, 19 key genes (i.e., BUB1, BUB1B, KIF14, NCAPH, RACGAP1, KIF15, CENPF, TPX2, RAD54L, KIF18B, TTX, KIF4A, SGO2, PLK4, ARHGAP11A, XRCC2, C1orf112, NCAPG, ORC6) were identified. GO and KEGG functional analyses revealed that these 19 key genes were mainly related to cell proliferation. From PPI and gene co-expression analyses, these 19 key genes were discovered to be intensively associated with each other at both protein and transcription levels. CONCLUSIONS our study identified 19 key genes that play vital roles in the stemness maintenance of CSCs in GC patients. Targeting these key genes may help to control CSC characteristics in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuejun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, China
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189
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Bip inhibition in glioma stem cells promotes radiation-induced immunogenic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:786. [PMID: 32963254 PMCID: PMC7508950 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor regression in sites distant to the irradiated field are thought to be associated with emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecules and generation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are resistant to high doses of radiation, and ultimately select the outgrowth of a more aggressive tumor. This study showed high-dose IR triggered fewer DAMPs molecules exposure and release in GSCs comparing to matched non-GSCs. Downregulation of binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) promoted IR-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress to generate DAMPs molecules by PERK and IRE1-α phosphorylation, and increased dendritic cells mature and effector T lymphocytes activation. GSCs treated with Bip knockdown and IR efficiently prevented tumor generation, and reduced post-radiotherapy tumor recurrence. These data suggest that Bip plays a critical role in inhibition of IR-induced ICD in GSCs, and Bip inhibition may be a promising strategy on adjuvant therapy by ameliorating tumor immune microenvironment.
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190
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Luo Q, Fu Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Qin T. Application of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Pancreatic Cancer and the Endocrine Pancreas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:143-152. [PMID: 32949397 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is a complex organ composed of an endocrine (pancreatic islets) and an exocrine portion. This mixed cell population has resulted in an implacable barrier to exploring the detailed mechanism and function of each cell type in previous investigative approaches. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided in-depth analysis of cell heterogeneity in the pancreas and in pancreatic cancer. It is especially effective in cell-type-specific molecule identification and detection of interactions between cancer cells and the stromal microenvironment. To date, numerous reports have described the application of scRNA-seq in studies of pancreatic islets and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this paper is to review recent advances of pancreatic transcriptomics and pancreatic cancer using scRNA-seq strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Luo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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191
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we highlight key recent insights into hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies through the application of novel single-cell approaches. We particularly focus on biological insights made through the study of stem/progenitors cells in myeloid malignancy at single-cell resolution. RECENT FINDINGS Bulk molecular profiling of hematological malignancies by next generation sequencing techniques has provided major insights into the molecular pathogenesis of blood cancers. This technology is now routinely implemented in advanced clinical diagnostics, leading to the development of novel targeted therapies. However, bulk genetic analysis can obscure key aspects of intratumoral heterogeneity which underlies critical disease events, such as treatment resistance and clonal evolution. The past few years have seen an explosion of novel techniques to analyze RNA, DNA, and protein expression at the single-cell level, providing unprecedented insight into cellular heterogeneity. SUMMARY Given the ease of accessibility of liquid tumor biopsies, hematology is well positioned to move novel single-cell techniques towards routine application in the clinic. The present review sets out to discuss current and potential future applications for this technology in the management of patients with hematological cancers.
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192
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Zhao H, Yan C, Hu Y, Mu L, Liu S, Huang K, Li Q, Li X, Tao D, Qin J. Differentiated cancer cell-originated lactate promotes the self-renewal of cancer stem cells in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:236-244. [PMID: 32898601 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors harbor diverse compartments of cells with distinct metabolic properties and phenotypes, but the mechanism by which metabolic commensalism among distinct subsets of cancer cells affects tumor progression remains unclear. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported to consist of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and differentiated cancer cells (non-CSCs). In the present study, organoid models were employed to show that CSCs and non-CSCs in CRC were characterized by distinct metabolic phenotypes. Treatment with either non-CSC-derived conditioned medium or exogenous lactate enhanced organoid-forming and tumor-initiating capacity of CSCs. In tumor regeneration assays with co-implanted CSCs and non-CSCs, the tumor-initiating activity was reduced when either monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)4 in non-CSCs or MCT1 in CSCs was silenced or inhibited. Mechanistically, oxiadative phosphorylation-derived reactive oxygen species in CSCs activated AKT-Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which could be induced by lactate from non-CSCs. Overall, these results suggest that CSCs and non-CSCs possess distinct metabolic profiles and, unexpectedly, non-CSC-originated lactate promotes self-renewal of CSCs and thus contributes to CRC progression. Our findings establish a rationale for developing novel therapies targeting the metabolic commensalism between different cell populations in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deding Tao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jichao Qin
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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193
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Cancilla D, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Targeting CXCR4 in AML and ALL. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1672. [PMID: 33014834 PMCID: PMC7499473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts with the bone marrow microenvironment regulates self-renewal, growth signaling, as well as chemotherapy resistance. The chemokine receptor, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), with its ligand chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), plays a key role in the survival and migration of normal and malignant stem cells to the bone marrow. High expression of CXCR4 on AML and ALL blasts has been shown to be a predictor of poor prognosis for these diseases. Several small molecule inhibitors, short peptides, antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates have been developed for the purposes of more effective targeting and killing of malignant cells expressing CXCR4. In this review we will discuss recent results and strategies in targeting CXCR4 with these agents in patients with AML or ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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194
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Zhao H, Jiang E, Shang Z. 3D Co-culture of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast with Oral Cancer Organoids. J Dent Res 2020; 100:201-208. [PMID: 32881601 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520956614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limits of the available model have, in the long term, challenged the studies of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their interplay with cancer stem cells, one of the key driving forces of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, the 3-dimensional organoid model was employed to investigate whether co-culture with paralleled CAFs promotes stem-like properties of OSCC. Experimentally, tumor organoids and paralleled CAFs were generated from patients with OSCC. Then, the CD44+ cells in organoids were sorted out by flow cytometry and co-cultured with CAFs in Matrigel. The results showed that co-culture with CAFs enhances the organoid-forming ability of CD44+ cells and that this effect was blocked when production or uptake of lactate in CAFs or CD44+ cells was inhibited. Furthermore, the expression levels of CD44 and OCT-4 were detected in organoids incubated with lactate, via immunofluorescence or Western blot assay. The results demonstrated that treatments with lactate promote the organoid-forming ability of CD44+ cells, as well as the expression of CD44 and OCT-4 at the protein level in OSCC organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - E Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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195
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Peng F, Xu J, Cui B, Liang Q, Zeng S, He B, Zou H, Li M, Zhao H, Meng Y, Chen J, Liu B, Lv S, Chu P, An F, Wang Z, Huang J, Zhan Y, Liao Y, Lu J, Xu L, Zhang J, Sun Z, Li Z, Wang F, Lam EWF, Liu Q. Oncogenic AURKA-enhanced N 6-methyladenosine modification increases DROSHA mRNA stability to transactivate STC1 in breast cancer stem-like cells. Cell Res 2020; 31:345-361. [PMID: 32859993 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase III DROSHA is upregulated in multiple cancers and contributes to tumor progression by hitherto unclear mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that DROSHA interacts with β-Catenin to transactivate STC1 in an RNA cleavage-independent manner, contributing to breast cancer stem-like cell (BCSC) properties. DROSHA mRNA stability is enhanced by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification which is activated by AURKA in BCSCs. AURKA stabilizes METTL14 by inhibiting its ubiquitylation and degradation to promote DROSHA mRNA methylation. Moreover, binding of AURKA to DROSHA transcript further strengthens the binding of the m6A reader IGF2BP2 to stabilize m6A-modified DROSHA. In addition, wild-type DROSHA, but not an m6A methylation-deficient mutant, enhances BCSC stemness maintenance, while inhibition of DROSHA m6A modification attenuates BCSC traits. Our study unveils the AURKA-induced oncogenic m6A modification as a key regulator of DROSHA in breast cancer and identifies a novel DROSHA transcriptional function in promoting the BCSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.
| | - Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Qilan Liang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Sai Zeng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Manman Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Yuting Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Fan An
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Junxiu Huang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Yajing Zhan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Yuwei Liao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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196
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Skipping Exon-v6 from CD44v6-Containing Isoforms Influences Chemotherapy Response and Self-Renewal Capacity of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092378. [PMID: 32842638 PMCID: PMC7564355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo expressed CD44 isoforms containing exon-v6 are frequently associated with gastric cancer (GC) aggressiveness, and may predict chemotherapy response in vitro. Whether exon-v6 itself is responsible for conferring these properties to CD44v6-containing isoforms remains to be elucidated. CRISPR/Cas9 and Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomers (PMOs) were used to induce specific exon-v6 skipping, maintaining the CD44 reading frame, in two GC cell lines endogenously expressing CD44v6. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil treatment response, and self-renewal ability was compared between CRISPR/Cas9-edited, CD44v6 knockdown and mock cells. We obtained homozygous genome-edited cell lines with exon-v6 deletion. Edited cells transcribed CD44v isoforms presenting in frame v5–v7 splicing, mimicking exon-v6 skipping. Results showed that removing specifically exon-v6 sensitizes cells to cisplatin and impairs cells’ self-renewal ability, similarly to CD44v6 knockdown. In parallel, we also tested a clinically feasible approach for transient exon-v6 skipping with a PMO-based strategy. We demonstrate that exon-v6 specific removal from CD44v isoforms increases cell sensitivity to cisplatin and impairs GC cells self-renewal. We trust that a PMO approach designed towards CD44v6 overexpressing GC cells may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells for conventional therapy.
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197
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Mechanisms of cancer stem cell therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:581-592. [PMID: 32791136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis and are involved in drug and radiation resistance, metastasis, tumor relapse and initiation. Remarkably, they have other abilities such as inheritance of self-renewal and de-differentiation. Hence, targeting CSCs is considered a potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Recent advances in the identification of biomarkers to recognize CSCs and the development of new techniques to evaluate tumorigenic and carcinogenic roles of CSCs are instrumental to this approach. Elucidation of signaling pathways that regulate CSCs colony progression and drug resistance are critical in establishing effective targeted therapies. CSCs play a central key role in immunomodulation, immune evasion and effector immunity, which alters immune system balancing. These include mTOR, SHH, NOTCH and Wnt/β-catering in cancer progression. In this review article, we discuss the importance of these CSCs pathways in cancer therapy.
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198
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Kim K, Khang D. Past, Present, and Future of Anticancer Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5719-5743. [PMID: 32821098 PMCID: PMC7418170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the methods that have been used till today, highlight methods that are currently being developed, and predict the future roadmap for anticancer therapy. In the beginning of this review, established approaches for anticancer therapy, such as conventional chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are summarized. To counteract the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and to increase limited anticancer efficacy, nanodrug- and stem cell-based therapies have been introduced. However, current level of understanding and strategies of nanodrug and stem cell-based therapies have limitations that make them inadequate for clinical application. Subsequently, this manuscript reviews methods with fewer side effects compared to those of the methods mentioned above which are currently being investigated and are already being applied in the clinic. The newer strategies that are already being clinically applied include cancer immunotherapy, especially T cell-mediated therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and strategies that are gaining attention include the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment or the activation of dendritic cells. Tumor-associated macrophage repolarization is another potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy, a method which activates macrophages to immunologically attack malignant cells. At the end of this review, we discuss combination therapies, which are the future of cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based anticancer immunotherapies seem to be effective, in that they effectively use nanodrugs to elicit a greater immune response. The combination of these therapies with others, such as photothermal or tumor vaccine therapy, can result in a greater anticancer effect. Thus, the future of anticancer therapy aims to increase the effectiveness of therapy using various therapies in a synergistic combination rather than individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeun Kim
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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199
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Qiao X, Gu X, Xue J, Han Y, Sun L, Cui M, Liu C. LIPH promotes metastasis by enriching stem-like cells in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9125-9134. [PMID: 32618099 PMCID: PMC7417731 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase member H (LIPH), a novel member of the triglyceride lipase family. The clinical implications of its expression in breast cancer are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the associations between LIPH and the tumorigenic behaviours of 144 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The ratio and mammosphere-forming ability of CD44+/CD24- stem-like cells were tested. The role of LIPH in breast cancer cell migration and invasion was also evaluated. In addition, the effect of LIPH silencing on mitochondrial respiration was determined using the Seahorse assay. Finally, the effect of LIPH silencing on protein expression was determined via tandem mass tag-based spectrometry and Western blotting. We found that LIPH expression was associated with metastasis in lymph nodes and distant organs (P = 0.025), resulting in poor survival among breast cancer patients (P = 0.027). LIPH knockdown significantly decreased both the ratio of CD44+ /CD24- stem-like cells and their mammosphere-forming ability. LIPH silencing promoted apoptosis, arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase, mitigated the oxidation-related oxygen consumption rate in the mitochondria, and reduced metabolism. LIPH inhibited adhesion between tumour cells and enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis presented 68 proteins were differentially expressed in LIPH-silenced cells and LIPH-mediated modulation of tumour cell adhesion depended on integrin-related CAPN2 and paxillin signalling. Overall, our findings provided strong evidence that LIPH up-regulation promoted metastasis and the stemness of TNBC cells. Therefore, targeting LIPH is a potentially viable strategy for preventing metastasis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xi Gu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Lisha Sun
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Meizi Cui
- Department of Cadre WardThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Caigang Liu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Breast SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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200
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Lee JH, Suh JH, Kang HJ, Choi SY, Jung SW, Lee-Kwon W, Park SA, Kim H, Ye BJ, Yoo EJ, Jeong GW, Park NH, Kwon HM. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes stemness of liver cancer and cisplatin resistance. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102926. [PMID: 32739873 PMCID: PMC7393528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High recurrence and chemoresistance drive the high mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although cancer stem cells are considered to be the source of recurrent and chemoresistant tumors, they remain poorly defined in HCC. Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is elevated in almost all HCC tumors and associated with recurrence and death. We aimed to identify function of TonEBP in stemness and chemoresistance of liver cancer. METHODS Tumors obtained from 280 HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses. Stemness and chemoresistance of liver CSCs (LCSCs) were investigated using cell culture. Tumor-initiating activity was measured by implanting LCSCs into BALB/c nude mice. FINDINGS Expression of TonEBP is higher in LCSCs in HCC cell lines and correlated with markers of LCSCs whose expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. TonEBP mediates ATM-mediated activation of NF-κB, which stimulates the promoter of a key stem cell transcription factor SOX2. As expected, TonEBP is required for the tumorigenesis and self-renewal of LSCSs. Cisplatin induces the recruitment of the ERCC1/XPF dimer to the chromatin in a TonEBP-dependent manner leading to DNA repair and cisplatin resistance. The cisplatin-induced inflammation in LSCSs is also dependent on the TonEBP-ERCC1/XPF complex, and leads to enhanced stemness via the ATM-NF-κB-SOX2 pathway. In HCC patients, tumor expression of ERCC1/XPF predicts recurrence and death in a TonEBP-dependent manner. INTERPRETATION TonEBP promotes stemness and cisplatin resistance of HCC via ATM-NF-κB. TonEBP is a key regulator of LCSCs and a promising therapeutic target for HCC and its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ah Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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