151
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Collier KL, van Beusekom G, Bos HMW, Sandfort TGM. Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression related peer victimization in adolescence: a systematic review of associated psychosocial and health outcomes. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 50:299-317. [PMID: 23480074 PMCID: PMC3602930 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.750639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews research on psychosocial and health outcomes associated with peer victimization related to adolescent sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. Using four electronic databases and supplementary methods, we identified 39 relevant studies. These studies were published between 1995 and 2012 and conducted in 12 different countries. The studies were diverse in terms of their approaches to sampling participants, assessing participants' sexual orientation, operationalizing peer victimization, and with regard to the psychosocial and health outcomes studied in relation to peer victimization. Despite the methodological diversity across studies, there is fairly strong evidence that peer victimization related to sexual orientation and gender identity or expression is associated with a diminished sense of school belonging and higher levels of depressive symptoms; findings regarding the relationship between peer victimization and suicidality have been more mixed. Peer victimization related to sexual orientation and gender identity or expression is also associated with disruptions in educational trajectories, traumatic stress, and alcohol and substance use. Recommendations for future research and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Collier
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
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152
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Wensley K, Campbell M. Heterosexual and Nonheterosexual Young University Students' Involvement in Traditional and Cyber Forms of Bullying. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2012; 15:649-54. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Wensley
- School of Learning and Professional Development, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marilyn Campbell
- School of Learning and Professional Development, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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153
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Pearson J, Wilkinson L. Family Relationships and Adolescent Well-Being: Are Families Equally Protective for Same-Sex Attracted Youth? J Youth Adolesc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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154
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Kwok DK, Winter S, Yuen M. Heterosexism in school: the counselling experience of Chinese tongzhi students in Hong Kong. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2012.718735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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155
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Collier KL, Bos HMW, Sandfort TGM. Homophobic name-calling among secondary school students and its implications for mental health. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:363-75. [PMID: 23001719 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although homophobic verbal victimization has been associated with negative mental health outcomes, little actually is known about its general prevalence and relationship to mental health among adolescents. In addition, the relationship of homophobic name-calling to mental health in gender non-conforming adolescents is not well understood. This study examined the relationship between homophobic verbal victimization and mental health in adolescents, accounting for their sexual orientation and level of gender non-conformity. Survey data was collected from 513 adolescents (ages 11-17) who attended eight schools in and around Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 56.7 % of the participating adolescents were female and 11.1 % reported same-sex attractions. As hypothesized, male adolescents and those with same-sex attractions were more likely to report victimization from homophobic name-calling than were their female and non-same-sex attracted peers. Contrary to expectations, homophobic name-calling was not independently associated with psychological distress after controlling for gender, sexual attractions, gender non-conformity, and other negative treatment by peers. The hypothesis that homophobic name-calling would be more strongly associated with psychological distress in male, same-sex attracted, and gender non-conforming adolescents was also not supported. The results suggest that same-sex attracted and gender non-conforming youth are particularly vulnerable to homophobic name-calling, in the Netherlands as in other contexts, but also that other forms of peer victimization may be more strongly related to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Collier
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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156
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157
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Fetner T, Elafros A, Bortolin S, Drechsler C. Safe spaces: gay-straight alliances in high schools. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2012; 49:188-207. [PMID: 23035339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-618x.2011.01290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In activists' circles as in sociology, the concept "safe space" has been applied to all sorts of programs, organizations, and practices. Few studies have specified clearly what safe spaces are and how they support the people who occupy them. We examine one social location typically understood to be a safe space: gay-straight alliance groups in high schools. Using qualitative interviews with young adults in the United States and Canada who have participated in gay-straight alliances, we unpack this complex concept to consider some of the dimensions along which safe spaces might vary. Based on interviews with participants, we derive three interrelated dimensions of safe space: social context, membership, and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fetner
- Department of Sociology McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L85 4M4.
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158
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Matthews CH, Salazar CF. An Integrative, Empowerment Model for Helping Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth Negotiate the Coming-Out Process. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2012.678176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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159
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Madsen PWB, Green RJ. Gay Adolescent Males’ Effective Coping with Discrimination: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF LGBT ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2012.678188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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160
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Kidd JD, White JL, Johnson RM. Mental Health Service Contacts Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Girls in Boston Public High Schools. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2012.653907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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161
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Martin-Storey A, Crosnoe R. Sexual minority status, peer harassment, and adolescent depression. J Adolesc 2012; 35:1001-11. [PMID: 22401842 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The well-documented higher rates of depression among sexual minority youth are increasingly viewed by developmentalists as a byproduct of the stigmatization of sexual minority status in American society and of the negative impact this stigma has on the processes associated with depression. This study attempted to spur future research by testing Hatzenbuehler's (2009) psychological mediation framework to investigate the ways in which peer harassment related to sexuality puts young people at risk by influencing the cognitive, social, and regulatory factors associated with depression. Analyses of 15 year olds in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development revealed that sexual minority status was largely associated with depressive outcomes via harassment, which was subsequently associated with depression via cognitive and social factors. Results point to various avenues for exploring the importance of the social world and self-concept for the outcomes of sexual minority adolescents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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162
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Risk and Protective Factors for Homophobic Bullying in Schools: An Application of the Social–Ecological Framework. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-012-9194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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163
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Button DM, O'Connell DJ, Gealt R. Sexual minority youth victimization and social support: the intersection of sexuality, gender, race, and victimization. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2012; 59:18-43. [PMID: 22269046 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2011.614903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth are more likely to experience victimization. Multiple studies have connected anti-gay prejudice and anti-gay victimization to negative outcomes. Research shows that social support may protect sexual minorities from the harmful effects of anti-gay victimization. However, rates of victimization and the negative outcomes linked to sexual identity within the sexual minority community have been relatively unexplored. Using data from three years of statewide data from heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents in grades 9-12, this study examines victimization, substance use, suicidality, and access to social support by sexuality. Results indicate that sexual minority youth are at increased risk for victimization, substance use, suicidality, and social isolation compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Results also indicate that there is very little bivariate difference within the sexual minority community. Multivariate results indicate differences among sexual minorities' experiences with victimization and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeanna M Button
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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164
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Allen KD, Hammack PL, Himes HL. Analysis of GLBTQ youth community-based programs in the United States. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2012; 59:1289-1306. [PMID: 23101498 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2012.720529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (GLBTQ) youth face oppression despite some increases in cultural support for GLBTQ individuals. Research has revealed the psychological and social distress associated with oppression and the benefits of peer social support programs. This study was conducted to analyze the types and frequency of services, age of participants, and organizational structures of the 116 GLBTQ community-based programs operating in the United States. Using an Internet survey, information from 61 of the programs was secured. The results revealed the community-based youth programs provide critical and unique programs and services that can promote the mental and physical health of GLBTQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Allen
- The National GLBTQ Youth Foundation, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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165
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Schneider SK, O'Donnell L, Stueve A, Coulter RWS. Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: a regional census of high school students. Am J Public Health 2011; 102:171-7. [PMID: 22095343 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using data from a regional census of high school students, we have documented the prevalence of cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and their associations with psychological distress. METHODS In the fall of 2008, 20,406 ninth- through twelfth-grade students in MetroWest Massachusetts completed surveys assessing their bullying victimization and psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, self-injury, and suicidality. RESULTS A total of 15.8% of students reported cyberbullying and 25.9% reported school bullying in the past 12 months. A majority (59.7%) of cyberbullying victims were also school bullying victims; 36.3% of school bullying victims were also cyberbullying victims. Victimization was higher among nonheterosexually identified youths. Victims report lower school performance and school attachment. Controlled analyses indicated that distress was highest among victims of both cyberbullying and school bullying (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] were from 4.38 for depressive symptoms to 5.35 for suicide attempts requiring medical treatment). Victims of either form of bullying alone also reported elevated levels of distress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the need for prevention efforts that address both forms of bullying and their relation to school performance and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Kessel Schneider
- Health and Human Development Division, Education Development Center, Newton Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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166
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PRATI GABRIELE, PIETRANTONI LUCA, D'AUGELLI ANTHONYR. Aspects of Homophobia in Italian High Schools: Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of School Climate. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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167
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Hong JS, Espelage DL, Kral MJ. Understanding suicide among sexual minority youth in America: An ecological systems analysis. J Adolesc 2011; 34:885-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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168
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Poon C, Saewyc E, Chen W. Enacted Stigma, Problem Substance Use, and Protective Factors among Asian Sexual Minority Youth in British Columbia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weihong Chen
- McCreary Centre Society & University of British Columbia
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169
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Carrera MV, DePalma R, Lameiras M. Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding of Bullying in School Settings. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-011-9171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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170
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Friedman MS, Marshal MP, Guadamuz TE, Wei C, Wong CF, Saewyc E, Stall R. A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health 2011; 101:1481-94. [PMID: 21680921 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the likelihood of childhood sexual abuse (under age 18), parental physical abuse, and peer victimization based on sexual orientation. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of adolescent school-based studies that compared the likelihood of childhood abuse among sexual minorities vs sexual nonminorities. RESULTS Sexual minority individuals were on average 3.8, 1.2, 1.7, and 2.4 times more likely to experience sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, or assault at school or to miss school through fear, respectively. Moderation analysis showed that disparities between sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals were larger for (1) males than females for sexual abuse, (2) females than males for assault at school, and (3) bisexual than gay and lesbian for both parental physical abuse and missing school through fear. Disparities did not change between the 1990s and the 2000s. CONCLUSIONS The higher rates of abuse experienced by sexual minority youths may be one of the driving mechanisms underlying higher rates of mental health problems, substance use, risky sexual behavior, and HIV reported by sexual minority adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Friedman
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and the Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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171
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Russell ST, Ryan C, Toomey RB, Diaz RM, Sanchez J. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescent school victimization: implications for young adult health and adjustment. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2011; 81:223-30. [PMID: 21517860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent school victimization due to lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) status is commonplace, and is associated with compromised health and adjustment. Few studies have examined the long-term implications of LGBT school victimization for young adult adjustment. We examine the association between reports of LGBT school victimization and young adult psychosocial health and risk behavior. METHODS The young adult survey from the Family Acceptance Project included 245 LGBT young adults between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with an equal proportion of Latino and non-Latino White respondents. A 10-item retrospective scale assessed school victimization due to actual or perceived LGBT identity between the ages of 13 and 19 years. Multiple regression was used to test the association between LGBT school victimization and young adult depression, suicidal ideation, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social integration, while controlling for background characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine young adult suicide attempts, clinical levels of depression, heavy drinking and substance use problems, sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnoses, and self-reported HIV risk. RESULTS Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-related school victimization is strongly linked to young adult mental health and risk for STDs and HIV; there is no strong association with substance use or abuse. Elevated levels of depression and suicidal ideation among males can be explained by their high rates of LGBT school victimization. CONCLUSIONS Reducing LGBT-related school victimization will likely result in significant long-term health gains and will reduce health disparities for LGBT people. Reducing the dramatic disparities for LGBT youth should be educational and public health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Russell
- Fitch Nesbitt Endowed Chair, , Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, 650 North Park Ave., PO Box 210078, Tucson, AZ 85721-0078, USA
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172
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A systematic review of parental influences on the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: time for a new public health research and practice agenda. J Prim Prev 2011; 31:273-309. [PMID: 21161599 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-010-0229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how parents influence the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults. This gap has led to a paucity of parent-based interventions for LGB young people. A systematic literature review on parental influences on the health of LGB youth was conducted to better understand how to develop a focused program of applied public health research. Five specific areas of health among LGB young people aged 10-24 years old were examined: (a) sexual behavior; (b) substance use; (c) violence and victimization; (d) mental health; and (e) suicide. A total of 31 quantitative articles were reviewed, the majority of which were cross-sectional and relied on convenience samples. Results indicated a trend to focus on negative, and not positive, parental influences. Other gaps included a dearth of research on sexual behavior, substance use, and violence/victimization; limited research on ethnic minority youth and on parental influences identified as important in the broader prevention science literature; and no studies reporting parent perspectives. The review highlights the need for future research on how parents can be supported to promote the health of LGB youth. Recommendations for strengthening the research base are provided.
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173
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Himmelstein KEW, Brückner H. Criminal-justice and school sanctions against nonheterosexual youth: a national longitudinal study. Pediatrics 2011; 127:49-57. [PMID: 21135011 PMCID: PMC3375466 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonheterosexual adolescents are vulnerable to health risks including addiction, bullying, and familial abuse. We examined whether they also suffer disproportionate school and criminal-justice sanctions. METHODS The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health followed a nationally representative sample of adolescents who were in grades 7 through 12 in 1994-1995. Data from the 1994-1995 survey and the 2001-2002 follow-up were analyzed. Three measures were used to assess nonheterosexuality: same-sex attraction, same-sex romantic relationships, and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) self-identification. Six outcomes were assessed: school expulsion; police stops; juvenile arrest; juvenile conviction; adult arrest; and adult conviction. Multivariate analyses controlled for adolescents' sociodemographics and behaviors, including illegal conduct. RESULTS Nonheterosexuality consistently predicted a higher risk for sanctions. For example, in multivariate analyses, nonheterosexual adolescents had greater odds of being stopped by the police (odds ratio: 1.38 [P < .0001] for same-sex attraction and 1.53 [P < .0001] for LGB self-identification). Similar trends were observed for school expulsion, juvenile arrest and conviction, and adult conviction. Nonheterosexual girls were at particularly high risk. CONCLUSIONS Nonheterosexual youth suffer disproportionate educational and criminal-justice punishments that are not explained by greater engagement in illegal or transgressive behaviors. Understanding and addressing these disparities might reduce school expulsions, arrests, and incarceration and their dire social and health consequences.
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174
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Johnson RM, Kidd JD, Dunn EC, Green JG, Corliss HL, Bowen D. Associations Between Caregiver Support, Bullying, and Depressive Symptomatology Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Girls: Results from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. JOURNAL OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE 2011; 10:185-200. [PMID: 22707917 PMCID: PMC3375119 DOI: 10.1080/15388220.2010.539168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual minority (SM) youth are at an increased risk for being bullied and experiencing depression, it is unclear how caregiver support is interrelated with those variables. Therefore, we sought to assess: (a) the prevalence of nonphysical bullying, depressive symptomatology, and caregiver support among heterosexual and SM girls, (b) the association between caregiver support and bullying in both groups, and (c) whether sexual orientation moderates the interactive effect of caregiver support and bullying on depressive symptoms. Data come from a survey of students in 22 Boston public high schools; 99 of the 832 girls in the analytic sample were SM. We used chi-square statistics to examine group differences, and multiple regression to estimate the association between the caregiver support, sexual orientation, being bullied, and depressive symptomatology. SM girls reported similar levels of caregiver support as heterosexual girls, but reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology. They were also more likely to report nonphysical bullying. Tests for interactions were not statistically significant, suggesting that bullying, caregiver support, and sexual orientation are independently associated with depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Johnson
- Harvard Youth Violence Prevention Center, Harvard School of Public Health, and School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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175
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Loosier PS, Dittus PJ. Group Differences in Risk Across Three Domains Using an Expanded Measure of Sexual Orientation. J Prim Prev 2010; 31:261-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10935-010-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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176
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Plöderl M, Kralovec K, Fartacek R. The relation between sexual orientation and suicide attempts in Austria. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2010; 39:1403-1414. [PMID: 20130976 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-009-9597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that homosexual or bisexual individuals are at a higher risk of attempting suicide compared to heterosexuals. To overcome biases in these studies, more rigorous definitions of "suicide attempts" and the assessment of multiple dimensions of sexual orientation are needed. In addition, studies from the German speaking region are sparse, especially those not recruiting participants from the gay or lesbian communities. We solicited self-reported suicide attempts among 1,382 Austrian adults recruited through structured snowball sampling from students' social networks. Suicide attempts were more frequently reported by those participants with homosexual or bisexual fantasies, partner preference, behavior, and self-identification, compared to their heterosexually classified counterparts. This was true for any dimension of sexual orientation and for suicide attempts with intent to die or suicide attempts that required medical treatment. Our Austrian study confirmed existing evidence that homosexual and bisexual individuals are at an increased risk for attempting suicide. This should be considered in suicide preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöderl
- University Institute for Clinical Psychology, Paracelsus Private Medical University and Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Salzburg, Austria.
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177
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Russell ST, Horn S, Kosciw J, Saewyc E. Safe Schools Policy for LGBTQ Students and commentaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2379-3988.2010.tb00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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178
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Suldo S, Loker T, Friedrich A, Sundman A, Cunningham J, Saari B, Schatzberg T. Improving School Psychologists’ Knowledge and Confidence Pertinent to Suicide Prevention Through Professional Development. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15377903.2010.495919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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179
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Special issue introduction: new research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: studying lives in context. J Youth Adolesc 2010; 38:863-6. [PMID: 19636731 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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180
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Birkett M, Espelage DL, Koenig B. LGB and questioning students in schools: the moderating effects of homophobic bullying and school climate on negative outcomes. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 38:989-1000. [PMID: 19636741 PMCID: PMC6322390 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-008-9389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students (LGB) and those questioning their sexual orientation are often at great risk for negative outcomes like depression, suicidality, drug use, and school difficulties (Elliot and Kilpatrick, How to Stop Bullying, A KIDSCAPE Guide to Training, 1994; Mufoz-Plaza et al., High Sch J 85:52-63, 2002; Treadway and Yoakam, J School Health 62(7):352-357, 1992). This study examined how school contextual factors such as homophobic victimization and school climate influence negative outcomes in LGB and questioning middle school students. Participants were 7,376 7th and 8th grade students from a large Midwestern county (50.7% Female, 72.7% White, 7.7% Biracial, 6.9% Black, 5.2% Asian, 3.7% Hispanic, and 2.2% reported "other"). LGB and sexually questioning youth were more likely to report high levels of bullying, homophobic victimization, and various negative outcomes than heterosexual youth. Students who were questioning their sexual orientation reported the most bullying, the most homophobic victimization, the most drug use, the most feelings of depression and suicidality, and more truancy than either heterosexual or LGB students. A positive school climate and a lack of homophobic victimization moderated the differences among sexual orientation status and outcomes. Results indicate that schools have the ability to lessen negative outcomes for LGB and sexually questioning students through creating positive climates and reducing homophobic teasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Birkett
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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Dahl AL, Galliher RV. LGBQQ Young Adult Experiences of Religious and Sexual Identity Integration. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15538600903005268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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182
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Willingness to Remain Friends and Attend School with Lesbian and Gay Peers: Relational Expressions of Prejudice Among Heterosexual Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 38:952-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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