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Fagoonee S, Famulari ES, Silengo L, Camussi G, Altruda F. Prospects for Adult Stem Cells in the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1471-1482. [PMID: 27503633 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes constitute the main bulk of the liver and perform several essential functions. After injury, the hepatocytes have a remarkable capacity to regenerate and restore functionality. However, in some cases, the endogenous hepatocytes cannot replicate or restore the function, and liver transplantation, which is not exempt of complications, is required. Stem cells offer in theory the possibility of generating unlimited supply of hepatocytes in vitro due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate when given the right cues. Stem cells isolated from an array of tissues have been investigated for their capacity to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and are employed in rescue experiments in vivo. Adult stem cells have gained in attractiveness over embryonic stem cells for liver cell therapy due to their origin, multipotentiality, and the possibility of autologous transplantation. This review deals with the promise and limitations of adult stem cells in clinically restoring liver functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- 1 Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging , CNR, Turin, Italy .,2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira Smeralda Famulari
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,4 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
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152
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Haldar D, Henderson NC, Hirschfield G, Newsome PN. Mesenchymal stromal cells and liver fibrosis: a complicated relationship. FASEB J 2016; 30:3905-3928. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600433r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Haldar
- National Institute for Health ResearchBirmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom
- Liver UnitUniversity Hospital Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation ResearchQueens Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health ResearchBirmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom
- Liver UnitUniversity Hospital Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- National Institute for Health ResearchBirmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom
- Liver UnitUniversity Hospital Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Birmingham United Kingdom
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153
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Meng YH, Zhu XH, Yan LY, Zhang Y, Jin HY, Xia X, Li R, Qiao J. Bone mesenchymal stem cells improve pregnancy outcome by inducing maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus in abortion-prone matings in mouse. Placenta 2016; 47:29-36. [PMID: 27780537 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The successful pregnancy depends on maternal immune tolerance against the fetus. It has been reported that MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) could play a regulatory role on immune cells such as CD4+T cells, macrophages and NK cells, but their effect on recurrent miscarriage is unknown. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective study, the abortion-prone (CBA/J × DBA/2) H-2d × H-2k mice were utilized. Female CBA/J mice (8-10 weeks old) were injected with vehicle or MSCs via tail vein or uterine horns, and 14 days later, they were mated with DBA/2 males for the following experiments. RESULTS Comparing with the control group, the embryo resorption rate in MSCs-horn injection group was dramatically decreased. MSCs were mainly located at the maternal-fetal interface, indicating that the reduction of resorption rate was due to MSCs' local effect. No matter which treatment was given, there was no significant difference in the levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in CD4+T cells and IL-10 and IL-12 in macrophages in spleens among each group. However, in contrast to other groups, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in CD4+T cells localized at the maternal-fetal interface in MSCs-horn injection group were dramatically increased, and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were notably decreased. While IL-10 expressed in macrophages was obviously higher than other groups and IL-12 in macrophages was significantly lower than other groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that MSCs injection through uterine horns could decrease embryo resorption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Meng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
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154
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Wang P, Zeng F, He L, Wang J, Zhang T, Zhang D. Alteration of the immune status of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by TLR1/2 agonist, Pam3Csk. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2206-12. [PMID: 27431529 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in clinical trials due to their multiple differentiation ability, low immunogenicity and immunosuppressant effects on immune response. However, accumulating evidence has indicated that MSCs may stimulate in vivo immune responses and result in the disappearance of MSCs following engrafting. Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are important in immune response induction against invaded pathogens, however, the function of TLRs in regulating the immune status of MSCs has been seldom reported. The present stimulated umbilical cord (UC) MSCs by treatment with the TLR1/2 agonist, Pam3Csk, the to determine whether activation of TLR1/2 signaling alters the immune status of UCMSCs. The results indicated that activation of TLR1/2 increased the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the production of lactate dehydrogenase in a PBMC‑MSC co‑culture system. The study also demonstrated that Pam3Csk induced the secretion of pro‑inflammatory molecules, and increased the expression levels of cytokine and chemokines in UCMSCs. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the levels of surface co‑stimulators, CD80 and CD86, were increased on UCMSCs in the presence of Pam3Csk, whereas activation of TLR1/2 exerted no observable effect on the differentiation abilities of UCMSCs. The results of the current study indicated that activation of TLR1/2 signaling may alter the immune status of UCMSCs, however, further mechanistic research is required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Lina He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Tingjiu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, P.R. China
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155
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Tremolada C, Colombo V, Ventura C. Adipose Tissue and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art and Lipogems® Technology Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:304-312. [PMID: 27547712 PMCID: PMC4972861 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, interest in adipose tissue as an ideal source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased. These cells are multipotent and may differentiate in vitro into several cellular lineages, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts. In addition, they secrete many bioactive molecules and thus are considered “mini-drugstores.” MSCs are being used increasingly for many clinical applications, such as orthopedic, plastic, and reconstructive surgery. Adipose-derived MSCs are routinely obtained enzymatically from fat lipoaspirate as SVF and/or may undergo prolonged ex vivo expansion, with significant senescence and a decrease in multipotency, leading to unsatisfactory clinical results. Moreover, these techniques are hampered by complex regulatory issues. Therefore, an innovative technique (Lipogems®; Lipogems International SpA, Milan, Italy) was developed to obtain microfragmented adipose tissue with an intact stromal vascular niche and MSCs with a high regenerative capacity. The Lipogems® technology, patented in 2010 and clinically available since 2013, is an easy-to-use system designed to harvest, process, and inject refined fat tissue and is characterized by optimal handling ability and a great regenerative potential based on adipose-derived MSCs. In this novel technology, the adipose tissue is washed, emulsified, and rinsed and adipose cluster dimensions gradually are reduced to about 0.3 to 0.8 mm. In the resulting Lipogems® product, pericytes are retained within an intact stromal vascular niche and are ready to interact with the recipient tissue after transplantation, thereby becoming MSCs and starting the regenerative process. Lipogems® has been used in more than 7000 patients worldwide in aesthetic medicine and surgery, as well as in orthopedic and general surgery, with remarkable and promising results and seemingly no drawbacks. Now, several clinical trials are under way to support the initial encouraging outcomes. Lipogems® technology is emerging as a valid intraoperative system to obtain an optimal final product that may be used immediately for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH)-Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
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156
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Jang YO, Cho MY, Yun CO, Baik SK, Park KS, Cha SK, Chang SJ, Kim MY, Lim YL, Kwon SO. Effect of Function-Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected With Decorin-Expressing Adenovirus on Hepatic Fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1247-56. [PMID: 27365486 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are known to have an antifibrotic effect and could be used as vehicles for targeted gene delivery. Decorin plays a protective role against fibrogenesis by modulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to determine whether the antifibrotic effect of a combination treatment consisting of BM-MSCs and decorin on hepatic fibrosis is superior to BM-MSCs alone. The effects of BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus (DCN-MSCs) on hepatic fibrosis were examined in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis. The effects of infection with decorin-expressing adenovirus and of incubation with the conditioned medium of DCN-MSCs on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling were analyzed in immortalized human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). According to the Laennec fibrosis scoring system, cirrhotic livers from rats treated with DCN-MSCs exhibited histological improvement compared with cirrhotic livers from rats treated with control adenovirus-infected MSCs (CA-MSCs). DCN-MSC treatment reduced hepatic collagen distribution, lowered the hydroxyproline content, and rescued liver function impairment in rats with TAA-induced cirrhosis. These protective effects were more potent with DCN-MSCs than with CA-MSCs. The upregulation of collagen-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1, and Smad3 phosphorylation in cirrhotic livers was prevented by DCN-MSC administration. Intriguingly, medium from cultured DCN-MSCs blocked both Smad3 phosphorylation and exogenous TGF-β1 stimulated α-SMA synthesis in HSCs. DCN-MSCs exert strong protective effects against hepatic fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling. Thus, treatment with DCN-MSCs is a potentially novel and efficient therapeutic approach for patients with intractable cirrhosis. SIGNIFICANCE A combination treatment consisting of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and decorin strongly inhibited the progression of thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, compared with BM-MSCs alone. Furthermore, the significant inhibitory effect of BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus was attributed to suppressing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, supported by attenuation of TGF-β1 expression and inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation. Therefore, treatment with BM-MSCs infected with decorin-expressing adenovirus could constitute a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for patients with intractable cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Li Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ok Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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157
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Contribution of dermal-derived mesenchymal cells during liver repair in two different experimental models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25314. [PMID: 27126764 PMCID: PMC4850454 DOI: 10.1038/srep25314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive liver disease is a major health issue for which no effective treatment is available, leading to cirrhosis and orthotopic liver transplantation. However, the lack of availability of donor organs and other adverse factors including rejection limit its extensive clinical application. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) may represent an attractive therapeutic option. Dermal-derived mesenchymal cells (DMCs) are attractive as one of the abundant sources from which to isolate mesenchymal cells for therapeutic applications and can be easily accessed with minimal harm to the donor. In this study, we used two different animal models to investigate potential therapeutic effect of DMCs transplantation in liver injury. We found that DMCs administration alleviated liver fibrosis and restored the liver function in fibrotic mice induced by CCl4. Furthermore, in an acute irradiation induced damage model, a unique population of DMCs could engraft into the liver tissue for a long period, exhibiting the phenotype of both mesenchymal cells and macrophage cells, and improve the survival of mice exposed to 8 Gy lethally total-body irradiation. These discoveries provide important evidence that DMCs therapy has a beneficial effect on liver injury, and provide new insight into liver injury therapy depending on the alternative cells.
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158
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Ma Y, Mou Q, Wang D, Zhu X, Yan D. Dendritic Polymers for Theranostics. Theranostics 2016; 6:930-47. [PMID: 27217829 PMCID: PMC4876620 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic polymers are highly branched polymers with controllable structures, which possess a large population of terminal functional groups, low solution or melt viscosity, and good solubility. Their size, degree of branching and functionality can be adjusted and controlled through the synthetic procedures. These tunable structures correspond to application-related properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, stimuli-responsiveness and self-assembly ability, which are the key points for theranostic applications, including chemotherapeutic theranostics, biotherapeutic theranostics, phototherapeutic theranostics, radiotherapeutic theranostics and combined therapeutic theranostics. Up to now, significant progress has been made for the dendritic polymers in solving some of the fundamental and technical questions toward their theranostic applications. In this review, we briefly summarize how to control the structures of dendritic polymers, the theranostics-related properties derived from their structures and their theranostics-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Quanbing Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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159
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Abstract
Clinical investigations using stem cell products in regenerative medicine are addressing a wide spectrum of conditions using a variety of stem cell types. To date, there have been few reports of safety issues arising from autologous or allogeneic transplants. Many cells administered show transient presence for a few days with trophic influences on immune or inflammatory responses. Limbal stem cells have been registered as a product for eye burns in Europe and mesenchymal stem cells have been approved for pediatric graft versus host disease in Canada and New Zealand. Many other applications are progressing in trials, some with early benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Trounson
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Courtney McDonald
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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160
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Gökçinar-Yagci B, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D, Çelebi-Saltik B. Pericytes: Properties, Functions and Applications in Tissue Engineering. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:549-59. [PMID: 25865146 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most studied adult stem cells and in recent years. They have become attractive agents/cell source for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine applications. During investigations about their origin, researchers hypothesized that perivascular regions are the common anatomical regions where MSCs come from and perivascular cells like pericytes (PCs) (Rouget cells, mural cells) are in vivo counterparts of MSCs. Beside capillaries and microvessels as their most common locations, PCs are also found in large vessels (arteries and veins). They can be isolated from several tissues and organs particularly from retina and brain. There are different approaches about their isolation, characterization and culture but there has been no common protocol yet because of the lack of defined PC-specific marker. They make special contact with endothelial cells in the basement membrane and have very important functions in several tissues and organs. They participate in vascular development, stabilization, maturation, and remodeling, blood pressure control, endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation, contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells, wound healing, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, long-term maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow niche. Their multipotential differentiation capacity and participation in many events in the body make PCs preferred cells in tissue engineering applications including 3D blood-brain barrier models, skeletal muscle constructs, bone tissue engineering and tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Gökçinar-Yagci
- Health Science Institute, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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161
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Ex Vivo Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes Is Enhanced by Chinese Medicine Yiguanjian Drug-Containing Serum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7380439. [PMID: 27190538 PMCID: PMC4848422 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7380439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Yiguanjian is administered in traditional Chinese medicine for liver diseases and has been demonstrated to reduce liver fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of Yiguanjian drug-containing serum (YGJ) with Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) on the differentiation of murine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) into hepatocytes in vitro. Adherent MSCs were isolated from murine bone marrow. Differentiation was induced by 20 ng/mL HGF, 50 ng/mL SDF-1, and 20% Yiguanjian drug-containing serum for 7 to 28 days, and mature hepatocytes' marker albumin (ALB) and cholangiocytes' marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) were assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. BM-MSCs exhibited homogeneous spindle shape growth after subculture and stained positive for CD90 and negative for CD34. After induction with HGF + normal serum or YGJ for 14 days, HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum for 7 days, or HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ for 5 days, MSCs' morphology changed gradually and begun to resemble hepatocyte-like cells. Cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ contained significantly higher proportions of ALB and CK-18 positive cells than cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum at day 7. These observations corroborated the results of western blot. In conclusion, Yiguanjian drug-containing serum could facilitate the differentiation of murine BM-MSCs into hepatocytes in vitro and has a synergistic effect with SDF-1 and HGF.
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162
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds the potential to revolutionize the treatment of a number of chronic conditions. Stem cells ability to home in on injured sites of the body, stimulate angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic factors have attracted their use in the treatment of many conditions. Urology has registered one of the highest experimental successes using stem cell therapy. However, the rate of clinical applications is comparatively lower. This review takes a look at our efforts so far and what needs to be done in order to maximize the clinical benefit we can derive from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Wiafe
- 3-007 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E1.
| | | | - Adetola B Adesida
- 3-002E Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E1.
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163
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Fang F, Huang RL, Zheng Y, Liu M, Huo R. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the proliferative and profibrotic phenotype of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and keloid fibroblasts through paracrine signaling. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:95-105. [PMID: 27211019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars and keloids, characterized by over-proliferation of fibroblasts and aberrant formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), are considered fibrotic diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote scar-free wound healing and inhibit fibrotic tissue formation, making them a potentially effective therapeutic treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids. OBJECTIVE To investigate the paracrine effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs) on the biological behavior of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs). METHODS Proliferative and profibrotic phenotype changes of the fibroblasts were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, in-cell western blot, and real-time PCR. RESULTS BMSC-conditioned medium inhibited HSF and KF proliferation and migration, but did not induce apoptosis. Interestingly, normal skin fibroblast-conditioned medium exhibited no inhibitory effects on HSF or KF proliferation and migration. Furthermore, BMSC-conditioned medium significantly decreased expression of profibrotic genes, including connective tissue growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, transforming growth factor-β1, and transforming growth factor-β2, in HSFs and KFs at both transcriptional and translational levels. In contrast, the expression of antifibrotic genes, such as transforming growth factor-β3 and decorin, was substantially enhanced under the same culture conditions. Finally, we observed that BMSC-conditioned medium suppressed the ECM synthesis in HSFs and KFs, as indicated by decreased expression of collagen I and fibronectin and low levels of hydroxyproline in cell culture supernatant. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that BMSCs attenuate the proliferative and profibrotic phenotype associated with HSFs and KFs and inhibit ECM synthesis through a paracrine signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Fang
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic, and Burn Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shangdong University, No. 324 Jing 5 wei 7 Road, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Jimo, No. 4 Jianmin Road, Jimo 266200, China
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yongchao Zheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Jimo, No. 4 Jianmin Road, Jimo 266200, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Jimo, No. 4 Jianmin Road, Jimo 266200, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic, and Burn Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shangdong University, No. 324 Jing 5 wei 7 Road, Jinan 250021, China.
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164
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Shevela EY, Starostina NM, Pal'tsev AI, Shipunov MV, Zheltova OI, Meledina IV, Khvan LA, Leplina OY, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kozlov VA. Efficiency of Cell Therapy in Liver Cirrhosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:542-7. [PMID: 26902361 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We studied safety and clinical efficacy of transplantation of autologous bone marrow cell in complex therapy of 158 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. The efficiency of cell therapy was assessed in 12 months after single injection of the cells. The positive response (alleviation of liver cirrhosis or stabilization of the pathological process) was observed in 70% cases. The efficacy of therapy correlated with the severity and etiology of the disease and was maximum in patients with Child-Pugh class A (in 82.5% cases) and class B liver cirrhosis (in 79% cases); in patients with class C liver cirrhosis, the positive response was achieved in 42.5% cases. In 39 patients, ultrasonic examination performed in 3 years after transplantation revealed no focal lesions or ectopic ossification foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ya Shevela
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - N M Starostina
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A I Pal'tsev
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M V Shipunov
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O I Zheltova
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Meledina
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L A Khvan
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O Yu Leplina
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Kozlov
- Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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165
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Amiri F, Molaei S, Bahadori M, Nasiri F, Deyhim MR, Jalili MA, Nourani MR, Habibi Roudkenar M. Autophagy-Modulated Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Liver Restoration in Mouse Models of Acute Liver Failure. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 20:135-44. [PMID: 26899739 PMCID: PMC4949977 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently received increasing attention for cell-based therapy, especially in regenerative medicine. However, the low survival rate of these cells restricts their therapeutic applications. It is hypothesized that autophagy might play an important role in cellular homeostasis and survival. This study aims to investigate the regenerative potentials of autophagy-modulated MSCs for the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF) in mice. Methods: ALF was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride. Mice were intravenously infused with MSCs, which were suppressed in their autophagy pathway. Blood and liver samples were collected at different intervals (24, 48 and 72 h) after the transplantation of MSCs. Both the liver enzymes and tissue necrosis levels were evaluated using biochemical and histopathological assessments. The survival rate of the transplanted mice was also recorded during one week. Results: Biochemical and pathological results indicated that 1.5 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride induces ALF in mice. A significant reduction of liver enzymes and necrosis score were observed in autophagy-modulated MSC-transplanted mice compared to sham (with no cell therapy) after 24 h. After 72 h, liver enzymes reached their normal levels in mice transplanted with autophagy-suppressed MSCs. Interestingly, normal histology without necrosis was also observed. Conclusion: Autophagy suppression in MSCs ameliorates their liver regeneration potentials due to paracrine effects and might be suggested as a new strategy for the improvement of cell therapy in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Molaei
- School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Marzie Bahadori
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Deyhim
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Jalili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Research Center of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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166
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Gao F, Chiu SM, Motan DAL, Zhang Z, Chen L, Ji HL, Tse HF, Fu QL, Lian Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2062. [PMID: 26794657 PMCID: PMC4816164 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue/ organ damage caused by chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders. Although they hold great promise in the treatment of immune disorders such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and allergic disorders, there remain many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical application. An understanding of the biological properties of MSCs will clarify the mechanisms of MSC-based transplantation for immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs from different adult tissues, discuss the current hurdles to their use and propose the future development of pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs as an approach to immunomodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S M Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D A L Motan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H-L Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - H-F Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Q-L Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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167
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Ezquer F, Bruna F, Calligaris S, Conget P, Ezquer M. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: A promising strategy to manage alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:24-36. [PMID: 26755858 PMCID: PMC4698489 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver disease. The term alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to a spectrum of mild to severe disorders including steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited therapeutic options, stem cell therapy offers significant potential for these patients. In this article, we review the pathophysiologic features of ALD and the therapeutic mechanisms of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), based on their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, their immunomodulatory properties, their potential to promote residual hepatocyte regeneration, and their capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cells. The perfect match between ALD pathogenesis and MSC therapeutic mechanisms, together with encouraging, available preclinical data, allow us to support the notion that MSC transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to manage ALD onset and progression.
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168
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Kerkis I, Haddad MS, Valverde CW, Glosman S. Neural and mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of Huntington's disease: past experiences and future challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:232. [PMID: 26667114 PMCID: PMC4678723 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes progressive nerve cell degeneration. It is triggered by a mutation in the HTT gene that strongly influences functional abilities and usually results in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. HD is incurable, although treatments are available to help manage symptoms and to delay the physical, mental and behavioral declines associated with the condition. Stem cells are the essential building blocks of life, and play a crucial role in the genesis and development of all higher organisms. Ablative surgical procedures and fetal tissue cell transplantation, which are still experimental, demonstrate low rates of recovery in HD patients. Due to neuronal cell death caused by accumulation of the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) protein, it is unlikely that such brain damage can be treated solely by drug-based therapies. Stem cell-based therapies are important in order to reconstruct damaged brain areas in HD patients. These therapies have a dual role: stem cell paracrine action, stimulating local cell survival, and brain tissue regeneration through the production of new neurons from the intrinsic and likely from donor stem cells. This review summarizes current knowledge on neural stem/progenitor cell and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, which has been carried out in several animal models of HD, discussing cell distribution, survival and differentiation after transplantation, as well as functional recovery and anatomic improvements associated with these approaches. We also discuss the usefulness of this information for future preclinical and clinical studies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kerkis
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, 1500 Av. Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Monica Santoro Haddad
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 455 Av. Dr. Arnaldao, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | | | - Sabina Glosman
- SoluBest Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, POB 4053 18 Einstein Street, Ness Ziona, 74140, Israel
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169
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A Member of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily, Designated as NR2F2, Supports the Self-Renewal Capacity and Pluripotency of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5687589. [PMID: 26783404 PMCID: PMC4691491 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5687589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized with self-renewal capacity and pluripotency. NR2F2 is a nuclear receptor that has been detected in the mesenchymal compartment of developing organs. However, whether NR2F2 plays a role in the stemness maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored yet. In this study, we investigated the function of NR2F2 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via shRNA-mediated knock-down of NR2F2. The suppression of NR2F2 impaired the colony-forming efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells. The inhibition of colony-forming capacity may be attributed to the acceleration of senescence through upregulation of P21 and P16. The downregulation of NR2F2 also suppressed both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes. In conclusion, NR2F2 plays an important role in the stemness maintenance of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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170
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Fujita K, Kuge K, Ozawa N, Sahara S, Zaiki K, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Takenaka Y, Tanahashi T, Tamai K, Kaneda Y, Maeda A. Cinnamtannin B-1 Promotes Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Accelerates Wound Healing in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144166. [PMID: 26657737 PMCID: PMC4686113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substances that enhance the migration of mesenchymal stem cells to damaged sites have the potential to improve the effectiveness of tissue repair. We previously found that ethanol extracts of Mallotus philippinensis bark promoted migration of mesenchymal stem cells and improved wound healing in a mouse model. We also demonstrated that bark extracts contain cinnamtannin B-1, a flavonoid with in vitro migratory activity against mesenchymal stem cells. However, the in vivo effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on the migration of mesenchymal stem cells and underlying mechanism of this action remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on in vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells and wound healing in mice. In addition, we characterized cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells pharmacologically and structurally. The mobilization of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells into the blood circulation was enhanced in cinnamtannin B-1-treated mice as shown by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells. Whole animal imaging analysis using luciferase-expressing mesenchymal stem cells as a tracer revealed that cinnamtannin B-1 increased the homing of mesenchymal stem cells to wounds and accelerated healing in a diabetic mouse model. Additionally, the cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells was pharmacologically susceptible to inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C, lipoxygenase, and purines. Furthermore, biflavonoids with similar structural features to cinnamtannin B-1 also augmented the migration of mesenchymal stem cells by similar pharmacological mechanisms. These results demonstrate that cinnamtannin B-1 promoted mesenchymal stem cell migration in vivo and improved wound healing in mice. Furthermore, the results reveal that cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells may be mediated by specific signaling pathways, and the flavonoid skeleton may be relevant to its effects on mesenchymal stem cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujita
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kuge
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ozawa
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Shunya Sahara
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kaori Zaiki
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takenaka
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Takao Tanahashi
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Akito Maeda
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
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171
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Mohamadnejad M, Vosough M, Moossavi S, Nikfam S, Mardpour S, Akhlaghpoor S, Ashrafi M, Azimian V, Jarughi N, Hosseini SE, Moeininia F, Bagheri M, Sharafkhah M, Aghdami N, Malekzadeh R, Baharvand H. Intraportal Infusion of Bone Marrow Mononuclear or CD133+ Cells in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:87-94. [PMID: 26659833 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study assessed the effects of intraportal infusions of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) and/or CD133+ cells on liver function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We randomly assigned 27 eligible patients to a placebo, MNCs, and/or CD133+ cells. Cell infusions were performed at baseline and month 3. We considered the absolute changes in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores at months 3 and 6 after infusion as the primary outcome. The participants and those who assessed the outcomes were unaware of the treatment intervention assignments. After 6 months, 9 patients were excluded because of liver transplantation (n=3), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=1), loss to follow-up (n=3), and death (n=2). The final analysis included 4 patients from the CD133+ group, 8 from the MNC group, and 6 from the placebo group. No improvement was seen in the MELD score at month 6 using either CD133+ cells or MNC infusions compared with placebo. However, at month 3 after infusion, a trend was seen toward a higher mean absolute change in the MELD score in patients who had received CD133+ cells compared with placebo (-2.00±1.87 vs. -0.13±1.46; p=.08). No significant adverse events occurred in the present study. A transient improvement in the MELD score was observed in subjects treated with CD133+ cells but not in the MNC or placebo group. Although the study was not powered to make definitive conclusions, the data justify further study of CD133+ therapy in cirrhotic patients. SIGNIFICANCE Cell therapy is a new approach in liver disease. Several clinical experiments have been reported on the safety of bone marrow-derived stem cells to treat liver disorders. However, the effectiveness of these approaches in the long-term follow-ups of patients initiated controversial discussions among the scientific community. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was designed to address this concern scientifically. A transient improvement in the patients' signs occurred; however, for a sustainable result, more work is needed. The results of multiple administrations of cells reported in the present study can be compared with the results from other single-injection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Nikfam
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Ashrafi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Azimian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jarughi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Esmat Hosseini
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moeininia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bagheri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
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172
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Li Z, Hu X, Mao J, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Li D, Shan H. Optimization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery dose and route in mice with acute liver injury by bioluminescence imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:185-94. [PMID: 25273323 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both experimental and initial clinical studies have shown the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in liver disease. Noninvasive tracking of MSCs could facilitate its clinical translation. The purpose of this study was to optimize MSCs delivery dose and route in mice with acute liver injury using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to track the cells. PROCEDURES MSCs were labeled with the Luc2-mKate2 dual-fusion reporter gene (MSCs-R). The fate of MSCs-R was tracked through in vivo BLI after administration of different doses or delivery through different routes. RESULTS When delivered via the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the high-dose (1.0 × 10(6) and 5.0 × 10(5)) group mice demonstrated high liver BLI signal but also had lethal portal vein embolization (PVE). By contrast, no PVE and its related death occurred in the low-dose (2.5 × 10(5)) group mice. Thus, 2.5 × 10(5) is the optimal delivery dose. Three delivery routes, i.e., inferior vena cava (IVC), SMV, and intrahepatic (IH) injection, were also systematically compared. After IVC infusion, MSCs-R were quickly trapped inside the lungs, and no detectable homing to the liver and other organs was observed. By IH injection, lung entrapment was bypassed, but MSCs-R distribution was only localized in the injection region of the liver. By contrast, after SMV infusion, MSCs-R were dispersedly distributed and stayed as long as 7-day posttransplantation in the liver. The in vivo imaging results were further validated by ex vivo imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and tissue analysis. Therefore, SMV is the optimal MSCs delivery route for liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, BLI, which could dynamically and quantitatively track cellular location and survival, is useful in determining MSCs transplantation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengran Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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173
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Tsolaki E, Yannaki E. Stem cell-based regenerative opportunities for the liver: State of the art and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12334-12350. [PMID: 26604641 PMCID: PMC4649117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing mismatch between the great demand for liver transplants and the number of available donor organs highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies in patients with acute or chronic liver failure. The rapidly growing knowledge on stem cell biology and the intrinsic repair processes of the liver has opened new avenues for using stem cells as a cell therapy platform in regenerative medicine for hepatic diseases. An impressive number of cell types have been investigated as sources of liver regeneration: adult and fetal liver hepatocytes, intrahepatic stem cell populations, annex stem cells, adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. All these highly different cell types, used either as cell suspensions or, in combination with biomaterials as implantable liver tissue constructs, have generated great promise for liver regeneration. However, fundamental questions still need to be addressed and critical hurdles to be overcome before liver cell therapy emerges. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in the field of stem cell-based therapies for the liver along with existing challenges and future perspectives towards a successful liver cell therapy that will ultimately deliver its demanding goals.
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174
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Owen A, Newsome PN. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in liver disease: opportunities and lessons to be learnt? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G791-800. [PMID: 26316587 PMCID: PMC4652139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
End-stage liver disease is responsible for 30,000 deaths per year in the United States alone, and it is continuing to increase every year. With liver transplantation the only curative treatment currently available, new therapies are in great demand. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) offer an opportunity to both treat liver inflammatory damage, as well as reverse some of the changes that occur following chronic liver injury. With the ability to regulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as both inhibit and promote apoptosis of effector inflammatory cells, there are numerous therapeutic opportunities for MSC in acute and chronic liver disease. This article critically appraises the potential therapeutic roles of MSC in liver disease, as well as the barriers to their adoption into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- 1National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- 1National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and ,2Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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175
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Kim G, Eom YW, Baik SK, Shin Y, Lim YL, Kim MY, Kwon SO, Chang SJ. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1405-15. [PMID: 26425036 PMCID: PMC4575928 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.10.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types including hepatocytes, the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been suggested as an effective therapy for chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy and therapeutic effects of MSCs in patients with chronic liver disease through a literature-based examination. We performed a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of the literature using the Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases (up to November 2014) to identify clinical studies in which patients with liver diseases were treated with MSC therapy. Of the 568 studies identified by the initial literature search, we analyzed 14 studies and 448 patients based on our selection criteria. None of the studies reported the occurrence of statistically significant adverse events, side effects or complications. The majority of the analyzed studies showed improvements in liver function, ascites and encephalopathy. In particular, an MA showed that MSC therapy improved the total bilirubin level, the serum albumin level and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score after MSC treatment. Based on these results, MSC transplantation is considered to be safe for the treatment of chronic liver disease. However, although MSCs are potential therapeutic agents that may improve liver function, in order to obtain meaningful insights into their clinical efficacy, further robust clinical studies must be conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes, such as histological improvement, increased survival and reduced liver-related complications, in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Research Institute for Nursing Science, Keimyung University, College of Nursing, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeonghee Shin
- Research Institute for Nursing Science, Keimyung University, College of Nursing, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoo Li Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Ok Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sei Jin Chang
- Institute of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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176
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Eom YW, Kim G, Baik SK. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cirrhosis: Present and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10253-10261. [PMID: 26420953 PMCID: PMC4579873 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i36.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis occurs as a result of various chronic liver injuries, which may be caused by viral infections, alcohol abuse and the administration of drugs and chemicals. Recently, bone marrow cells (BMCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for developing treatments for cirrhosis. Clinical trials have investigated the therapeutic potential of BMCs, HSCs and MSCs for the treatment of cirrhosis based on their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes. Although the therapeutic mechanisms of BMC, HSC and MSC treatments are still not fully characterized, the evidence thus far has indicated that the potential therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs are clearer than those of BMCs or HSCs with respect to liver regenerative medicine. MSCs suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, reverse liver fibrosis and enhance liver functionality. This paper summarizes the clinical studies that have used BMCs, HSCs and MSCs in patients with liver failure or cirrhosis. We also present the potential therapeutic mechanisms of BMCs, HSCs and MSCs for the improvement of liver function.
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177
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Xue HL, Zeng WZ, Wu XL, Jiang MD, Zheng SM, Zhang Y, Li HY. Clinical therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:412-8. [PMID: 25769583 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate clinical therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation in the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. The human UCMSCs were cultured and prepared, and then transplanted into the hepatic tissues of 50 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The liver function, thrombin function, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and hemodynamic index value were detected during a 24-week follow-up period, with the addition of hepatoprotective, antiviral, and other conventional treatments. No complications or serious side effects were observed. In the first 2-3 weeks after surgery, symptoms including abdominal distension, oliguria, edema, and others decreased significantly, with increased appetite compared with before surgery. In the 24-week follow-up period, the levels of serum albumin and prealbumin increased significantly compared with the preoperative levels; the decrease of coagulation indicators was not significant. The MELD scores were also markedly increased. Alpha-fetoprotein levels increased without significance after treatment. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic changes in the portal and splenic veins according to ultrasound. Moreover, no significant differences in the liver and thrombin functions between the hepatitis B virus group and the other-etiology group were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - W-Z Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - X-L Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - M-D Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - S-M Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - H-Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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178
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Wang K, Chen X, Ren J. Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in patients with liver failure: a meta-analytic review. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:147-59. [PMID: 25356526 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow stem cell (ABMSC) transplantation has been utilized in clinical practice to treat patients with liver failure, but the therapeutic effect remains to be defined. A meta-analysis is essential to assess clinical advantages of ABMSC transplantation in patients with liver failure. A systematic search of published works [eg, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Chin J Clinicians (Electronic edition), and Science Citation Index] was conducted to compare clinical outcomes of ABMSC transplantation in patients with liver failure. Meta-analytic results were tested by fixed-effects model or random-effects model, dependent on the characteristics of variables. A total of 534 patients from seven studies were included in final meta-analysis. Subsequent to ABMSC transplantation, there was no significant improvement in general symptom and signs such as loss of appetite, fatigue, and ascites. Activities of serum ALT were not significantly decreased with weighted mean difference (WMD) of -19.36 and 95% confidence interval (CI) -57.53 to 18.80 (P=0.32). Postoperative level of albumin (ALB) was expectedly enhanced by stem cell transplantation (WMD 2.97, 95% CI 0.52 to 5.43, P<0.05, I(2)=84%). Coagulation function was improved as demonstrated by a short prothrombin time (PT) (WMD -1.18, 95% CI -2.32 to -0.03, P<0.05, I(2)=6%), but was not reflected by prothrombin activity (PTA) (P=0.39). Total bilirubin (TBIL) was drastically diminished after ABMSC therapy (WMD -14.85, 95% CI -20.39 to -9.32, P<0.01, I(2)=73%). Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were dramatically reduced (WMD -2.27, 95% CI -3.53 to -1.02, P<0.01, I(2)=0%). The advantage of ABMSC transplantation could be maintained more than 24 weeks as displayed by time-courses of ALB, TBIL, and MELD score. ABMSC transplantation does provide beneficial effects for patients with liver failure. Therapeutic effects can last for 6 months. However, long-term effects need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria, Illinois
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179
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McAndrews KM, Kim MJ, Lam TY, McGrail DJ, Dawson MR. Architectural and mechanical cues direct mesenchymal stem cell interactions with crosslinked gelatin scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:3252-60. [PMID: 24873687 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived biomaterials have emerged as modulators of cell function and tissue substitutes. Here, we developed crosslinked glutaraldehyde (GTA) scaffolds for the expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mechanical and architectural properties of the scaffolds were altered by varying the concentration of gelatin and GTA. Higher GTA concentrations were associated with an increase in more confined pores and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, myogenic potential varied with crosslinking degree, although bulk mechanical properties were unaltered. Correlation analysis revealed that ALP activity of differentiated MSCs on higher gelatin concentration scaffolds was dependent on traditional effectors, including environment elasticity and spread area. In contrast, the differentiation capacity of cells cultured on lower gelatin concentration scaffolds did not correlate with these factors, instead it was dependent on the hydrated pore structure. These results suggest that scaffold composition can determine what factors direct differentiation and may have critical implications for biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- 1 School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
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180
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Yamaza T, Alatas FS, Yuniartha R, Yamaza H, Fujiyoshi JK, Yanagi Y, Yoshimaru K, Hayashida M, Matsuura T, Aijima R, Ihara K, Ohga S, Shi S, Nonaka K, Taguchi T. In vivo hepatogenic capacity and therapeutic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in liver fibrosis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:171. [PMID: 26358689 PMCID: PMC4566368 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver transplantation is a gold standard treatment for intractable liver diseases. Because of the shortage of donor organs, alternative therapies have been required. Due to their potential to differentiate into a variety of mature cells, stem cells are considered feasible cell sources for liver regeneration. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) exhibit hepatogenic capability in vitro. In this study, we investigated their in vivo capabilities of homing and hepatocyte differentiation and therapeutic efficacy for liver disorders in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model mice. METHODS We transplanted SHED into CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model mice through the spleen, and analyzed the in vivo homing and therapeutic effects by optical, biochemical, histological, immunological and molecular biological assays. We then sorted human leukocyte antigen-ABC (HLA-ABC)-positive cells from primary CCl4-damaged recipient livers, and analyzed their fusogenicity and hepatic characteristics by flow cytometric, genomic DNA, hepatocyte-specific gene assays. Furthermore, we examined the treatment effects of HLA-positive cells to a hepatic dysfunction by a secondary transplantation into CCl4-treated mice. RESULTS Transplanted SHED homed to recipient livers, and expressed HLA-ABC, human hepatocyte specific antigen hepatocyte paraffin 1 and human albumin. SHED transplantation markedly recovered liver dysfunction and led to anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in the recipient livers. SHED-derived HLA-ABC-positive cells that were sorted from the primary recipient liver tissues with CCl4 damage did not fuse with the host mouse liver cells. Sorted HLA-positive cells not only expressed human hepatocyte-specific genes including albumin, cytochrome P450 1A1, fumarylacetoacetase, tyrosine aminotransferase, uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase, transferrin and transthyretin, but also secreted human albumin, urea and blood urea nitrogen. Furthermore, SHED-derived HLA-ABC-positive cells were secondary transplanted into CCl4-treated mice. The donor cells homed into secondary recipient livers, and expressed hepatocyte paraffin 1 and human albumin, as well as HLA-ABC. The secondary transplantation recovered a liver dysfunction in secondary recipients. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that transplanted SHED improve hepatic dysfunction and directly transform into hepatocytes without cell fusion in CCl4-treated mice, suggesting that SHED may provide a feasible cell source for liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Fatima Safira Alatas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ratih Yuniartha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Junko K Fujiyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Yoshimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hayashida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Reona Aijima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hazama-cho, Yuhuin, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami Ogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA.
| | - Kazuaki Nonaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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181
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Abstract
Currently, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis is liver transplantation; however, transplantation is limited by a shortage of donor organs, surgical complications, immunological rejection, and high medical costs. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternate approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. In addition, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis and enhance liver functionality. Despite these advantages, issues remain; MSCs also have fibrogenic potential and the capacity to promote tumor cell growth and oncogenicity. This paper summarizes the properties of MSCs for regenerative medicine and their therapeutic mechanisms and clinical application in the treatment of liver fibrosis. We also present several outstanding risks, including their fibrogenic potential and their capacity to promote pre-existing tumor cell growth and oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Correspondence to Soon Koo Baik, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea Tel: +82-33-741-1223 Fax: +82-33-745-6782 E-mail:
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182
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D'souza N, Rossignoli F, Golinelli G, Grisendi G, Spano C, Candini O, Osturu S, Catani F, Paolucci P, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a delivery platform in cell and gene therapies. BMC Med 2015; 13:186. [PMID: 26265166 PMCID: PMC4534031 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine relying on cell and gene therapies is one of the most promising approaches to repair tissues. Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), a population of progenitors committing into mesoderm lineages, are progressively demonstrating therapeutic capabilities far beyond their differentiation capacities. The mechanisms by which MSC exert these actions include the release of biomolecules with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, anti-fibrogenic, and trophic functions. While we expect the spectra of these molecules with a therapeutic profile to progressively expand, several human pathological conditions have begun to benefit from these biomolecule-delivering properties. In addition, MSC have also been proposed to vehicle genes capable of further empowering these functions. This review deals with the therapeutic properties of MSC, focusing on their ability to secrete naturally produced or gene-induced factors that can be used in the treatment of kidney, lung, heart, liver, pancreas, nervous system, and skeletal diseases. We specifically focus on the different modalities by which MSC can exert these functions. We aim to provide an updated understanding of these paracrine mechanisms as a prerequisite to broadening the therapeutic potential and clinical impact of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D'souza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossignoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Golinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Olivia Candini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Satoru Osturu
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Catani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Paolucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
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183
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Viral Infection. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:860950. [PMID: 26294919 PMCID: PMC4532961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are a subset of nonhematopoietic adult stem cells, readily isolated from various tissues and easily culture-expanded ex vivo. Intensive studies of the immune modulation and tissue regeneration over the past few years have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for the prevention and treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), immune-related disorders, and viral diseases. In immunocompromised individuals, the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs have raised safety concerns regarding the greater risk of primary viral infection and viral reactivation, which is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic transplantation. Moreover, high susceptibilities of MSCs to viral infections in vitro could reflect the destructive outcomes that might impair the clinical efficacy of MSCs infusion. However, the interplay between MSCs and virus is like a double-edge sword, and it also provides beneficial effects such as allowing the proliferation and function of antiviral specific effector cells instead of suppressing them, serving as an ideal tool for study of viral pathogenesis, and protecting hosts against viral challenge by using the antimicrobial activity. Here, we therefore review favorable and unfavorable consequences of MSCs and virus interaction with the highlight of safety and efficacy for applying MSCs as cell therapy.
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184
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Pankaj P, Zhang Q, Bai XL, Liang TB. Autologous bone marrow transplantation in decompensated liver: Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8697-8710. [PMID: 26229412 PMCID: PMC4515851 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver disease.
METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Retrospective case-control studies were included along with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was performed in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration software review manager. Heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model.
RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials and four retrospective studies were included. Cell transplantation increased serum albumin level by 1.96 g/L (95%CI: 0.74-3.17; P = 0.002], 2.55 g/L (95%CI: 0.32-4.79; P = 0.03), and 3.65 g/L (95%CI: 0.76-6.54; P = 0.01) after 1, 3, and 6 mo, respectively. Patients who had undergone cell transplantation also had a lower level of total bilirubin [mean difference (MD): -1.37 mg/dL; 95%CI: -2.68-(-0.06); P = 0.04] after 6 mo. This decreased after 1 year when compared to standard treatment (MD: -1.26; 95%CI: -2.48-(-0.03); P = 0.04]. A temporary decrease in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significant in the cell transplantation group. However, after 6 mo treatment, patients who had undergone cell transplantation had a slightly longer prothrombin time (MD: 5.66 s, 95%CI: 0.04-11.28; P = 0.05). Changes in the model for end-stage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow transplantation showed some benefits in patients with decompensated liver disease. However, further studies are still needed to verify its role in clinical treatment for end-stage liver disease.
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185
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Miryounesi M, Piryaei A, Pournasr B, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Repeated versus single transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Cell Biol Int 2015; 37:340-7. [PMID: 23408711 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite its numerous limitations, liver transplants are the only definite cure for end-stage liver disease. Various stem cell populations may contribute to liver regeneration, of which there is accumulating evidence of the contribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study examines the hypothesis that repeated infusions of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBMMSCs)can improve liver injury in an experimental model. MSCs were intravenously transplanted into immunosuppressed mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver fibrosis. Transplanting 3x10(6) MSCs in three divided doses improved survival,liver fibrosis and necrosis compared with injection of the same number of MSCs in a single dose. This was accompanied by increased influence on the expression of the fibrogenic/fibrolytic related genes Col1a1, Timp1 and Mmp13 in the repeated transplant group. Repeat administration of MSCs was three times more effective in homing of PKH-tagged transplanted cells 3 weeks post-transplant compared with the single transplant group. The benefits of repeated transplants may be of considerable significance in clinical trials on liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Miryounesi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
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186
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Abstract
No treatment to halt the progressive loss of insulin-producing beta-cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus has yet been clinically introduced. Strategies tested have at best only transiently preserved beta-cell function and in many cases with obvious side effects of drugs used. Several studies have suggested that mesenchymal stromal cells exert strong immunomodulatory properties with the capability to prevent or halt diabetes development in animal models of type 1 diabetes. A multitude of mechanisms has been forwarded to exert this effect. Recently, we translated this strategy into a first clinical phase I/IIa trial and observed no side effects, and preserved or even increased C-peptide responses to a mixed meal tolerance test during the first year after treatment. Future blinded, larger studies, with extended follow-up, are clearly of interest to investigate this treatment concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden,
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187
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Jang YO, Jun BG, Baik SK, Kim MY, Kwon SO. Inhibition of hepatic stellate cells by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hepatic fibrosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2015; 21:141-9. [PMID: 26157751 PMCID: PMC4493357 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2015.21.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Therapies involving bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have considerable potential in the management of hepatic disease. BM-MSCs have been investigated in regenerative medicine due to their ability to secrete various growth factors and cytokines that regress hepatic fibrosis and enhance hepatocyte functionality. The aim of this study was to determine the antifibrosis effect of BM-MSCs on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the mechanism underlying how BM-MSCs modulate the function of activated HSCs. METHODS We used HSCs in both direct and indirect co-culture systems with BM-MSCs to evaluate the antifibrosis effect of BM-MSCs. The cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by a direct co-culture system of activated HSCs with BM-MSCs. The activations of both HSCs alone and HSCs with BM-MSCs in the direct co-culture system were observed by immunocytochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The levels of growth factors and cytokines were evaluated by an indirect co-culture system of activated HSCs with BM-MSCs. RESULTS The BM-MSCs in the direct co-culture system significantly decreased the production of α-SMA and the viability of activated HSCs, whereas they induced the apoptosis of activated HSCs. The BM-MSCs in the indirect co-culture system decreased the production of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin (IL)-6, whereas they increased the production of hepatocyte growth factor and IL-10. These results confirmed that the juxtacrine and paracrine effects of BM-MSCs can inhibit the proliferative, fibrogenic function of activated HSCs and have the potential to reverse the fibrotic process by inhibiting the production of α-SMA and inducing the apoptosis of HSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results have demonstrated that BM-MSCs may exert an antifibrosis effect by modulating the function of activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea. ; Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Baek Gyu Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea. ; Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Ok Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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188
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Irfan A, Ahmed I. Could Stem Cell Therapy be the Cure in Liver Cirrhosis? J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:142-6. [PMID: 26155042 PMCID: PMC4491605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past five decades, liver cirrhosis has become an increasingly prevalent disease and one that will often require considerable medical intervention. However, current treatment options have demonstrated severe problems that have prompted research to provide a suitable alternative. These treatments are scarcely available, very expensive and present at a huge cost to the patient's quality of life. The introduction of stem cell therapy into liver disease has been heralded as the future of personalized medicine and may be the alternative that the healthcare system desperately seeks. To truly determine the scientific basis surrounding this excitement, a literature search was carried out in January 2013 to determine all the data that was present in this topic area. All articles also underwent full cross-referencing to ensure no data was missed. 11 clinical trials were found to meet this criteria and trials were included in both English and non-English languages. The sporadic nature of the data across the trials, with various methods and stem cell types, made comparisons difficult. The basic trends from the data were positive and the majority deemed the use of stem cells safe and feasible in patients presenting with cirrhotic liver disease. However, there is a clear requirement for more research, not only to determine the most efficacious technique and stem cell type but also to further understand stem cells to enhance progress. There may also be a requirement for a framework that future stem cell trials can be based on, which would allow future data to be comparative and allow valid conclusions to be drawn which may propel this therapy into standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmer Irfan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Address for correspondence: Ahmer Irfan, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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189
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Alejandra MR, Juan AB, Ana SR. Cell therapy for liver diseases: current medicine and future promises. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:837-50. [PMID: 25747732 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1016913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a major health problem worldwide since they usually represent the main causes of death in most countries, causing excessive costs to public health systems. Nowadays, there are no efficient current therapies for most hepatic diseases and liver transplant is infrequent due to the availability of organs, cost and risk of transplant rejection. Therefore, alternative therapies for liver diseases have been developed, including cell-based therapies. Stem cells (SCs) are characterized by their self-renewing capacity, unlimited proliferation and differentiation under certain conditions into tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions. Cell-based therapies for liver diseases have been successful in experimental models, showing anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic and regenerative effects. Nowadays, clinical trials using SCs for liver pathologies are increasing in number, and those that have reached publication have achieved favorable effects, encouraging us to think that SCs will have a potential clinical use in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meza-Ríos Alejandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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190
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Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Transplant Direct 2015; 1:e16. [PMID: 27500218 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a valuable cell source in regenerative medicine. Recently, several studies have shown that MSCs can be easily isolated from human amnion. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of transplantation of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) in rats with liver fibrosis. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL/kg of 50% carbon tetrachloride twice a week for 6 weeks. At 3 weeks, hAMSCs (1 × 10(6) cells) were transplanted intravenously. Rats were sacrificed at 7 weeks, and histological analyses and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hAMSCs on the activation of Kupffer cells. RESULTS Transplantation of hAMSCs significantly reduced the fibrotic area, deposition of type-I collagen, the number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells, and CD68-positive Kupffer cells in the livers. messenger RNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was significantly decreased and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and hepatocyte growth factor was significantly increased in the liver of hAMSC-treated rats. Transplantation of hAMSCs at 3 weeks plus 5 weeks did not have an additive effect. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Kupffer cell activation induced by lipopolysaccharide was significantly decreased by culturing with conditioned medium obtained from hAMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of hAMSCs provided significant improvement in a rat model of liver fibrosis, possibly through the inhibition of Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation. hAMSCs may be a potential new treatment for liver fibrosis.
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191
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Functional fingerprinting of human mesenchymal stem cells using high-throughput RNAi screening. Genome Med 2015; 7:46. [PMID: 26120366 PMCID: PMC4481116 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-015-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cellular therapies ranging from tissue repair in regenerative medicine to immunomodulation in graft versus host disease after allogeneic transplantation or in autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, progress has been hampered by their enormous phenotypic as well as functional heterogeneity and the lack of uniform standards and guidelines for quality control. In this study, we describe a method to perform cellular phenotyping by high-throughput RNA interference in primary human bone marrow MSCs. We have shown that despite heterogeneity of MSC populations, robust functional assays can be established that are suitable for high-throughput and high-content screening. We profiled primary human MSCs against human fibroblasts. Network analysis showed a kinome fingerprint that differs from human primary fibroblasts as well as fibroblast cell lines. In conclusion, this study shows that high-throughput screening in primary human MSCs can be reliably used for kinome fingerprinting.
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192
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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Iran: Current State of Research and Future Outlook. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:589-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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193
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Choe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; Eulji University; Seoul Korea
| | - E. J. Baek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
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194
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El-Akabawy G, El-Mehi A. Mobilization of endogenous bone marrow-derived stem cells in a thioacetamide-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:257-65. [PMID: 25857836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical significance of enhancing endogenous circulating haematopoietic stem cells is becoming increasingly recognized, and the augmentation of circulating stem cells using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has led to promising preclinical and clinical results for several liver fibrotic conditions. However, this approach is largely limited by cost and the infeasibility of maintaining long-term administration. Preclinical studies have reported that StemEnhance, a mild haematopoietic stem cell mobilizer, promotes cardiac muscle regeneration and remedies the manifestation of diabetes. However, the effectiveness of StemEnhance in ameliorating liver cirrhosis has not been studied. This study is the first to evaluate the beneficial effect of StemEnhance administration in a thioacetamide-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. StemEnhance augmented the number of peripheral CD34-positive cells, reduced hepatic fibrosis, improved histopathological changes, and induced endogenous liver proliferation. In addition, VEGF expression was up-regulated, while TNF-α expression was down-regulated in thioacetamide-induced fibrotic livers after StemEnhance intake. These data suggest that StemEnhance may be useful as a potential therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis by inducing reparative effects via mobilization of haematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan El-Akabawy
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
| | - Abeer El-Mehi
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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195
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Zhang L, Liu D, Pu D, Wang Y, Li L, He Y, Li Y, Li L, Qiu Z, Zhao S, Li W. The role of Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 in regulating the function of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from umbilical cord. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1003-10. [PMID: 25695694 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied to cell-based therapy due to their multiple differentiation ability, the low expression of co-stimulatory molecules and immunosuppressive properties. Despite their immunomodulatory role, the issue of the survival and permanence of MSCs at the site of injury has not yet been fully resolved. Therefore, in order to improve the therapeutic potential of MSCs, it is important to study the mechanisms mediating the relative instability of MSCs in clinical trials. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important component of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that the activation of two TLRs, namely TLR3 and TLR4, in human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) induces the expression of inflammatory markers. In addition, as shown by our results, TLR3 upregulated the expression of stem cell markers, while TLR4 downregulated their expression. The upregulation in the expression of the inflammatory markers did not alter the immune status of the UCMSCs or mediate the immune attack of the MSCs by allogeneic immune cells. We found that the activation of TLR3 inhibited the differentiation of UCMSCs into osteocytes, while that of TLR4 increased this differentiation to a certain extent. Taken together, the results of this study provide a new role for TLR3 and TLR4 as regulators of the biological functions of UCMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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196
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Kumashiro Y, Ishihara J, Umemoto T, Itoga K, Kobayashi J, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Okano T. Stripe-patterned thermo-responsive cell culture dish for cell separation without cell labeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:681-687. [PMID: 25238273 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A stripe-patterned thermo-responsive surface is prepared to enable cell separation without labeling. The thermo-responsive surface containing a 3 μm striped pattern exhibits various cell adhesion and detachment properties. A mixture of three cell types is separated on the patterned surface based on their distinct cell-adhesion properties, and the composition of the cells is analyzed by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kumashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science (TWIns), Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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197
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Berardis S, Sattwika PD, Najimi M, Sokal EM. Use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver fibrosis: Current situation and future prospects. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:742-758. [PMID: 25624709 PMCID: PMC4299328 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive liver fibrosis is a major health issue for which no effective treatment is available, leading to cirrhosis and orthotopic liver transplantation. However, organ shortage is a reality. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative therapeutic strategies. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may represent an attractive therapeutic option, based on their immunomodulatory properties, their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, allowing the replacement of damaged hepatocytes, their potential to promote residual hepatocytes regeneration and their capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation or induce their apoptosis, particularly via paracrine mechanisms. The current review will highlight recent findings regarding the input of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis, from in vitro studies to pre-clinical and clinical trials. Several studies have shown the ability of MSCs to reduce liver fibrosis and improve liver function. However, despite these promising results, some limitations need to be considered. Future prospects will also be discussed in this review.
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198
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Mäkelä T, Takalo R, Arvola O, Haapanen H, Yannopoulos F, Blanco R, Ahvenjärvi L, Kiviluoma K, Kerkelä E, Nystedt J, Juvonen T, Lehenkari P. Safety and biodistribution study of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and mononuclear cells and the impact of the administration route in an intact porcine model. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:392-402. [PMID: 25601140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem stromal cells (BM-MSCs) could have therapeutic potential for numerous conditions, including ischemia-related injury. Cells transplanted intravascularly may become entrapped in the lungs, which potentially decreases their therapeutic effect and increases the risk for embolism. METHODS Twelve pigs were divided into groups of 3 and received (99m)Tc- hydroxymethyl-propylene-amine-oxime-labeled autologous BM-MNCs or allogeneic BM-MSCs by either intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial (IA) transplantation. A whole body scan and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) were performed 8 h later, and tissue biopsies were collected for gamma counting. A helical CT scan was also performed on 4 pigs to detect possible pulmonary embolism, 2 after IV BM-MSC injection and 2 after saline injection. RESULTS The transplantation route had a greater impact on the biodistribution of the BM-MSCs than the BM-MNCs. The BM-MNCs accumulated in the spleen and bones, irrespective of the administration route. The BM-MSCs had relatively higher uptake in the kidneys. The IA transplantation decreased the deposition of BM-MSCs in the lungs and increased uptake in other organs, especially in the liver. Lung atelectases were frequent due to mechanical ventilation and attracted transplanted cells. CT did not reveal any pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS Both administration routes were found to be safe, but iatrogenic atelectasis might be an issue when cells accumulate in the lungs. The IA administration is effective in avoiding pulmonary entrapment of BM-MSCs. The cell type and administration method both have a major impact on the acute homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Mäkelä
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Reijo Takalo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Haapanen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Roberto Blanco
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Ahvenjärvi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Kiviluoma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erja Kerkelä
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Cell Therapy Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Cell Therapy Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Juvonen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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199
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Herencia C, Almadén Y, Martínez-Moreno JM, Espejo I, Herrera C, Pérez-Sánchez C, Guerrero F, Ciria R, Briceño FJ, Ferrín G, de la Mata M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Human mesenchymal stromal cell lysates as a novel strategy to recover liver function. Regen Med 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 25562350 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It is unknown if the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transplantation into the liver are dependent on their anchorage and differentiation into hepatocytes or rather the result of the release of stem cell intracellular content with hepatoprotector properties. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects of intact MSC transplantation were compared with the infusion of MSC lysates in an experimental rat model of acute liver failure. RESULTS A more powerful hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic effect was obtained after infusion of MSC lysates than intact MSC. Changes in IL-6 levels and miRNAs might explain the beneficial effects of MSC lysates. CONCLUSION Infusion of MSC lysates show a better hepatoprotective effect than the transplantation of intact MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda Menendez-Pidal s/n, CP. 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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200
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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