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Zhang Y, Gargan S, Lu Y, Stevenson NJ. An Overview of Current Knowledge of Deadly CoVs and Their Interface with Innate Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:560. [PMID: 33810391 PMCID: PMC8066579 DOI: 10.3390/v13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic RNA viruses, whose infection can lead to mild or lethal respiratory tract disease. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) first emerged in Guangdong, China in 2002 and spread to 29 countries, infecting 8089 individuals and causing 774 deaths. In 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in Saudi Arabia and has spread to 27 countries, with a mortality rate of ~34%. In 2019, SARS-CoV-2 emerged and has spread to 220 countries, infecting over 100,000,000 people and causing more than 2,000,000 deaths to date. These three human coronaviruses cause diseases of varying severity. Most people develop mild, common cold-like symptoms, while some develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The success of all viruses, including coronaviruses, relies on their evolved abilities to evade and modulate the host anti-viral and pro-inflammatory immune responses. However, we still do not fully understand the transmission, phylogeny, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 and -2. Despite the rapid application of a range of therapies for SARS-CoV-2, such as convalescent plasma, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and type I interferon, no fully effective treatment has been determined. Remarkably, COVID-19 vaccine research and development have produced several offerings that are now been administered worldwide. Here, we summarise an up-to-date understanding of epidemiology, immunomodulation and ongoing anti-viral and immunosuppressive treatment strategies. Indeed, understanding the interplay between coronaviruses and the anti-viral immune response is crucial to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention, which may even prove invaluable for the control of future emerging coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhang
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Siobhan Gargan
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Yongxu Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK;
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
- Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
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152
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Du J, Sun Q, Wang Z, Wang F, Chen F, Wang H, Shang G, Chen X, Ding S, Li C, Wu D, Zhang W, Zhong M, Li Y. Tubular epithelial cells derived-exosomes containing CD26 protects mice against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by maintaining proliferation and dissipating inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:134-140. [PMID: 33770578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). No effective drugs to treat IR-related AKI are currently available. Recent pre-clinical trials have evaluated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles-exosomes to chronic kidney disease. Here, we found exosomes derived from the tubular epithelial cell in IR condition (ExoIR) enriched CD26, compared with control (ExoNormal). Tracking exosomes in vivo certified tubular epithelial cell uptake exosomes. We have isolated exosomes with overexpression of CD26 (ExoCD26+) from culture media from tubular epithelial cell line transferred by adenovirus vectors. After administration of exosomes (100 mg) or bovine serum albumin (BSA, equivalent protein control) in IR or sham operation mice after 72 h via tail vein injection, the renal function impairment and histology injury were relived in mice receiving ExoCD26+. Immunofluorescence staining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen revealed ExoCD26+ recovered proliferation of cells partly after IR injury. Cell cycle modulator, p53 and p21 were upregulated in IR mice receiving BSA control, ExoNormal, and ExoIR. ExoCD26+ significantly blunt this protein upregulation. Inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor (CXCR4) were dissipated in IR mice receiving ExoCD26+. Downstream chemokine of CXCR4, stromal derived factor-1 (SDF1) also decreased after administration of ExoCD26+ in IR mice. Finally, ExoCD26+ suppressed inundant collagenⅠ expression in IR kidney. In conclusion, Tubular epithelial cells derived-exosomes containing CD26 might be one of the therapy modes for IR-AKI by maintaining proliferation and dissipating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guokai Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shifang Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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153
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Pinheiro MM, Pinheiro FMM, Diniz SN, Fabbri A, Infante M. Combination of vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107518. [PMID: 33756226 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) represent the most common types of autoimmune diabetes and are characterized by different age of onset, degrees of immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells and rates of disease progression towards insulin dependence. Several immunotherapies aimed to counteract autoimmune responses against beta cells and preserve beta-cell function are currently being investigated, particularly in T1D. Preliminary findings suggest a potential role of combination therapy with vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) in preserving beta-cell function in autoimmune diabetes. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as the rationale for investigation of their combined use as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Maia Pinheiro
- UNIVAG, University Center, Dom Orlando Chaves Ave, 2655 - Cristo Rei, Várzea Grande, 78118-000 Mato Grosso, Brazil; Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Moura Maia Pinheiro
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto FAMERP - SP, 5546, Brigadeiro Faria Lima Ave, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, 15015-500 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy; UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy.
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154
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Jiang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhu Y. Functional Dissection of CD26 and Its Pharmacological Inhibition by Sitagliptin During Skin Wound Healing. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928933. [PMID: 33735157 PMCID: PMC7986725 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin fibroblasts are primary mediators underlying wound healing and therapeutic targets in scar prevention and treatment. CD26 is a molecular marker to distinguish fibroblast subpopulations and plays an important role in modulating the biological behaviors of dermal fibroblasts and influencing skin wound repair. Therapeutic targeting of specific fibroblast subsets is expected to reduce skin scar formation more efficiently. MATERIAL AND METHODS Skin burn and excisional wound healing models were surgically established in mice. The expression patterns of CD26 during wound healing were determined by immunohistochemical staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot assays. Normal fibroblasts from intact skin (NFs) and fibroblasts in wounds (WFs) were isolated and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) into 4 subgroups - CD26⁺ NFs, CD26⁻ NFs, CD26⁺ WFs, and CD26⁻ WFs - for comparisons of their capacities of proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of CD26 by sitagliptin in skin fibroblasts and during wound healing were further assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Increased CD26 expression was observed during skin wound healing in both models. The CD26⁺ fibroblasts isolated from wounds had significantly stronger abilities to proliferate, migrate, and synthesize collagen than other fibroblast subsets. Sitagliptin treatment potently diminished CD26 expression, impaired the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts in vitro, and diminished scar formation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that CD26 is functionally involved in skin wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Pharmacological inhibition of CD26 by sitagliptin might be a viable strategy to reduce skin scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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De Lorenzo R, Sciorati C, Monno A, Cavalli S, Bonomi F, Tronci S, Previtali S, Rovere-Querini P. Begelomab for severe refractory dermatomyositis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24372. [PMID: 33655912 PMCID: PMC7939186 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) represents a challenge for the clinician. The lack of efficacy of available tools reflects our incomplete insight into the molecular events sustaining the inflammatory tissue damage in these patients. We present the first case of refractory IIM treated with anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)/cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) monoclonal antibody. PATIENT CONCERNS A 55-year old man presented with proximal muscle weakness, diffuse erythematous skin lesions which rapidly evolved into ulcerations, dysphagia and dysphonia. DIAGNOSIS Increased serum creatine kinase levels and histological findings at muscle and skin biopsies were compatible with the diagnosis of dermatomyositis (DM). Several lines of treatment failed to control the disease including steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, intravenous immunoglobulins and rituximab. Despite therapy, the patient also had recurrent intestinal vasculitis causing bowel perforation. Concurrently, DPP-4/CD26 expression in the patient's skin and skeletal muscle was observed. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with begelomab, a murine immunoglobulin G2b monoclonal antibody against DPP-4/CD26. OUTCOMES Dysphagia, skin lesions and intestinal vasculitis resolved and the patient experienced a significant improvement of his quality of life. CONCLUSION Blockade of DPP-4/CD26, which is expressed on T cells and mediates T cell activation and function, is safe and might be effective in patients with refractory DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
| | | | | | - Stefano Tronci
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
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156
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Yoon H, Sung JH, Song MJ. Effects of the Antidiabetic Drugs Evogliptin and Sitagliptin on the Immune Function of CD26/DPP4 in Th1 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:154-165. [PMID: 33148870 PMCID: PMC7921863 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the antidiabetic drugs dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors such as evogliptin and sitagliptin affect the membrane DPP4 (mDPP4) enzymatic activity and immune function of T helper1 (Th1) cells in terms of cytokine expression and cell profiles. The mDPP4 enzymatic activity, cytokine expression, and cell profiles, including cell counts, cell viability, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis, were measured in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-activated CD4+CD26+ H9 Th1 cells with or without the DPP4 inhibitors, evogliptin and sitagliptin. PWM treatment alone strongly stimulated the expression of mDPP4 and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in the CD4+CD26+ H9 Th1 cells. Evogliptin or sitagliptin treatment potently inhibited mDPP4 activity in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect either the cytokine profile or cell viability in PWM-activated CD4+CD26+ H9 Th1 cells. These results suggest that, following immune stimulation, Th1 cell signaling pathways for cytokine expression function normally after treatment with evogliptin or sitagliptin, which efficiently inhibit mDPP4 enzymatic activity in Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyee Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Protein Immunology Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Republic of Kore
| | - Ji Hyun Sung
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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157
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Scheen AJ. DPP-4 inhibition and COVID-19: From initial concerns to recent expectations. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 47:101213. [PMID: 33249199 PMCID: PMC7690941 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) have gained a key place in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) essentially because of their good safety profile even in the frail population. DPP-4, originally known as 'T-cell antigen CD26', is expressed in many immune cells and regulates their functions, so the initial concern over the use of DPP-4is was the possible increased susceptibility to infections. Furthermore, because of the high affinity between human DPP-4 and the spike (S) receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it was suspected that this virus, responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), might be able to use the DPP-4 enzyme as a functional receptor to gain entry into the host. However, DPP-4is also exert anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial in patients exposed to cytokine storms due to COVID-19. Yet, when observational (mostly retrospective) studies compared clinical outcomes in DPP-4i users vs non-users among diabetes patients with COVID-19, the overall results regarding the risk of progression towards more severe forms of the disease and mortality were heterogeneous, thereby precluding any definite conclusions. Nevertheless, new expectations have arisen following recent reports of significant reductions in admissions to intensive care units and mortality in DPP-4i users. However, given the limitations inherent in such observational studies, any available results should be considered, at best, as hypothetical and only suggestive of potentially substantial benefits with DPP-4is in diabetes patients with COVID-19. While the safe use of DPP-4is in COVID-19 patients appears to be an acceptable hypothesis, all such positive findings still need to be confirmed in randomized controlled trials (a few of which are currently ongoing) before any recommendations can be made for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
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158
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Ługowska A, Baydakova G, Ilyushkina A, Zakharova E, Mierzewska H, Szymańska K, Wierzba J, Kubalska J, Graban A, Kmieć T, Perkowska-Sumiła B, Tylki-Szymańska A, Bednarska-Makaruk M. Elevated Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Activity in Plasma from Patients with Various Lysosomal Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:320. [PMID: 33669444 PMCID: PMC7920438 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) was reported earlier in patients with different types of mucopolysaccharidoses. DPP-IV (also known as CD26 lymphocyte T surface antigen) is a transmembrane protein showing protease activity. This enzyme displays various functions in the organism and plays an important role in multiple processes like glucose metabolism, nociception, cell-adhesion, psychoneuroendocrine regulation, immune response and cardiovascular adaptation. In order to evaluate DPP-IV in lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), we examined its activity in plasma samples from 307 patients affected with 24 different LSDs and in 75 control persons. Our results revealed elevated DPP-IV activity especially in individuals affected with mucolipidosis II/III, alpha-mannosidosis, and mucopolysaccharidoses types III, II, and I (p < 0.05). In other LSDs the DPP-IV activity was still significantly increased, but to a lesser extent. In patients with Gaucher disease, ceroid lipofuscinosis type 1 (CLN1), Niemann-Pick disease type C and A, Krabbe and Pompe diseases, gangliosidosis GM2 and metachromatic leukodystrophy discreet or no changes in DPP-IV activity were observed. DPP-IV may serve as a first-tier diagnostic procedure or additional biochemical analysis in recognizing patients with some LSDs. DPP-IV may become an object of basic research for a better understanding of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.-M.)
| | - Galina Baydakova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Alex Ilyushkina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Hanna Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Kubalska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.-M.)
| | - Ałła Graban
- 1st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kmieć
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Perkowska-Sumiła
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.-S.); (A.T.-S.)
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.-S.); (A.T.-S.)
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159
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Shu L, Liu Y, Li J, Wu X, Li Y, Huang H. Landscape Profiling Analysis of DPP4 in Malignancies: Therapeutic Implication for Tumor Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Oncol 2021; 11:624899. [PMID: 33614513 PMCID: PMC7890191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.624899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, and cytokine storms. Patients with underlying conditions, and especially cancer patients with impaired immunity, are particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and complications. Although angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been identified as a cellular binding receptor for SARS-CoV-2, immunopathological changes in severe cancer patients support the investigation of additional potential receptors such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a key immunoregulator. However, a comprehensive profiling analysis of DPP4 in malignancies remains obscure. In this study, using different datasets, we demonstrated the expression of DPP4 in healthy tissues and pan-cancers, showing the risk of different cancer types towards SARS-CoV-2 infection according to DPP4 expression levels. DPP4 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of various immune cells and showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in pan-cancer patients analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). These findings suggest that increased DPP4 expression in specific cancer patients might account for the high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the induction of cytokine storms. Due to the critical role of DPP4 in immunometabolism, our results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of DPP4 might provide beneficial therapeutic effects for SARS-CoV-2 treatment together with other strategies in specific tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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DPP4 Inhibitors and COVID-19-Holy Grail or Another Dead End? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:1. [PMID: 33527308 PMCID: PMC7850901 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has emerged as a global public health issue. Clinical course of disease significantly correlates with the occurrence of some comorbidities, among them type 2 diabetes. According to recent structural studies the dipeptidyl peptidase 4, a key molecule in the pathophysiology of diabetes, may influence the course of COVID-19. Since DPP4 inhibitors, gliptins, are widely used in diabetes patients, the exact role of DPP4 modulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least in that group, urgently needs to be clarified. In this short review, we discuss this issue with more detail.
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Nistala R, Meuth AI, Smith C, An J, Habibi J, Hayden MR, Johnson M, Aroor A, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, McKarns SC, Bender SB. DPP4 inhibition mitigates ANG II-mediated kidney immune activation and injury in male mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F505-F517. [PMID: 33522410 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00565.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibition with saxagliptin (Saxa) is renoprotective under comorbid conditions associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, which confer a high cardiovascular risk. Immune system activation is now recognized as a contributor to RAAS-mediated tissue injury, and, importantly, immunomodulatory effects of DPP4 have been reported. Accordingly, we examined the hypothesis that DPP4 inhibition with Saxa attenuates angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced kidney injury and albuminuria via attenuation of immune activation in the kidney. To this end, male mice were infused with either vehicle or ANG II (1,000 ng/kg/min, s.c.) for 3 wk and received either placebo or Saxa (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) during the final 2 wk. ANG II infusion increased kidney, but not plasma, DPP4 activity in vivo as well as DPP4 activity in cultured proximal tubule cells. The latter was prevented by angiotensin receptor blockade with olmesartan. Further, ANG II induced hypertension and kidney injury characterized by mesangial expansion, mitochondrial damage, reduced brush border megalin expression, and albuminuria. Saxa inhibited DPP4 activity ∼50% in vivo and attenuated ANG II-mediated kidney injury, independent of blood pressure. Further mechanistic experiments revealed mitigation by Saxa of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators activated by ANG II in the kidney, including CD8+ T cells, resident macrophages (CD11bhiF4/80loLy6C-), and neutrophils. In addition, Saxa improved ANG II suppressed anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell and T helper 2 lymphocyte activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, blood pressure-independent involvement of renal DPP4 activation contributing to RAAS-dependent kidney injury and immune activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work highlights the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) in promoting ANG II-mediated kidney inflammation and injury. Specifically, ANG II infusion in mice led to increases in blood pressure and kidney DPP4 activity, which then led to activation of CD8+ T cells, Ly6C- macrophages, and neutrophils and suppression of anti-inflammatory T helper 2 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. Collectively, this led to kidney injury, characterized by mesangial expansion, mitochondrial damage, and albuminuria, which were mitigated by DPP4 inhibition independent of blood pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Nistala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alex I Meuth
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jianzhong An
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Megan Johnson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susan C McKarns
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Research, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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162
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Wilson AL, Moffitt LR, Wilson KL, Bilandzic M, Wright MD, Gorrell MD, Oehler MK, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. DPP4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Enhances Lymphocyte Recruitment and Prolongs Survival in a Syngeneic Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030487. [PMID: 33513866 PMCID: PMC7865851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of immunity in the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is well established. Poor T-cell infiltration is associated with mortality in EOC patients, and recent evidence has suggested that the enzyme DPP4 plays a role in this process. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of the clinically-approved DPP4-inhibitor sitagliptin to improve immune responses in mice with EOC. We showed that sitagliptin improved CD8+ T-cell responses in an EOC mouse model, consequently reducing metastatic burden and prolonging survival. These data provide a rationale for the use of DPP4-inhibitors as a second-line treatment for EOC. Abstract Immunity plays a key role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression with a well-documented correlation between patient survival and high intratumoral CD8+ to T regulatory cell (Treg) ratios. We previously identified dysregulated DPP4 activity in EOCs as a potentially immune-disruptive influence contributing to a reduction in CXCR3-mediated T-cell infiltration in solid tumours. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of DPP4 activity by sitagliptin, an FDA-approved inhibitor, would improve T-cell infiltration and function in a syngeneic ID8 mouse model of EOC. Daily oral sitagliptin at 50 mg/kg was provided to mice with established primary EOCs. Sitagliptin treatment decreased metastatic tumour burden and significantly increased overall survival and was associated with significant changes to the immune landscape. Sitagliptin increased overall CXCR3-mediated CD8+ T-cell trafficking to the tumour and enhanced the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T-cells in tumour tissue and the peritoneal cavity. Substantial reductions in suppressive cytokines, including CCL2, CCL17, CCL22 and IL-10, were also noted and were associated with reduced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg recruitment in the tumour. Combination therapy with paclitaxel, however, typical of standard-of-care for patients in palliative care, abolished CXCR3-specific T-cell recruitment stimulated by sitagliptin. Our data suggest that sitagliptin may be suitable as an adjunct therapy for patients between chemotherapy cycles as a novel approach to enhance immunity, optimise T-cell-mediated function and improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Laura R. Moffitt
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Wilson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.N.S.)
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163
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Aoyama Y, Sugiyama S, Katayama C, Kamiya K. Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation in autoimmune bullous disease patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e343-e344. [PMID: 33438199 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seiko Sugiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Chieko Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Koji Kamiya
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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164
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Martin
- From the Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Washington - both in Seattle
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165
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Molakandov K, Berti DA, Beck A, Elhanani O, Walker MD, Soen Y, Yavriyants K, Zimerman M, Volman E, Toledo I, Erukhimovich A, Levy AM, Hasson A, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Chebath J, Revel M. Selection for CD26 - and CD49A + Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Islet-Like Clusters Improves Therapeutic Activity in Diabetic Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:635405. [PMID: 34025576 PMCID: PMC8131825 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.635405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy of diabetes aims at restoring the physiological control of blood glucose by transplantation of functional pancreatic islet cells. A potentially unlimited source of cells for such transplantations would be islet cells derived from an in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hESC/hiPSC). The islet-like clusters (ILC) produced by the known differentiation protocols contain various cell populations. Among these, the β-cells that express both insulin and the transcription factor Nkx6.1 seem to be the most efficient to restore normoglycemia in diabetes animal models. Our aim was to find markers allowing selection of these efficient cells. METHODS Functional Cell-Capture Screening (FCCS) was used to identify markers that preferentially capture the cells expressing both insulin and Nkx6.1, from hESC-derived ILC cells. In order to test whether selection for such markers could improve cell therapy in diabetic mouse models, we used ILC produced from a clinical-grade line of hESC by a refined differentiation protocol adapted to up-scalable bioreactors. Re-aggregated MACS sorted cells were encapsulated in microspheres made of alginate modified to reduce foreign body reaction. Implantation was done intraperitoneally in STZ-treated C57BL/6 immuno-competent mice. RESULTS CD49A (integrin alpha1) was identified by FCCS as a marker for cells that express insulin (or C-peptide) as well as Nkx6.1 in ILC derived by hESC differentiation. The ILC fraction enriched in CD49A + cells rapidly reduced glycemia when implanted in diabetic mice, whereas mice receiving the CD49A depleted population remained highly diabetic. CD49A-enriched ILC cells also produced higher levels of human C-peptide in the blood of transplanted mice. However, the difference between CD49A-enriched and total ILC cells remained small. Another marker, CD26 (DPP4), was identified by FCCS as binding insulin-expressing cells which are Nkx6.1 negative. Depletion of CD26 + cells followed by enrichment for CD49A + cells increased insulin+/Nkx6.1+ cells fraction to ~70%. The CD26 - /CD49A + enriched ILC exhibited improved function over non-sorted ILC or CD49A + cells in diabetic mice and maintain prolonged blood C-peptide levels. CONCLUSIONS Refining the composition of ILC differentiated from hPSC by negative selection to remove cells expressing CD26 and positive selection for CD49A expressing cells could enable more effective cell therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Molakandov
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
- *Correspondence: Kfir Molakandov,
| | | | - Avital Beck
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofer Elhanani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael D. Walker
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Soen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Ella Volman
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Itzik Toledo
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Alon M. Levy
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Hasson
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Judith Chebath
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michel Revel
- Kadimastem Ltd., Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics (emeritus), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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166
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Wu CY, Wu CY, Li CP, Chou YJ, Lin YH, Chang YT. Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108546. [PMID: 33232759 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Higher bullous pemphigoid (BP) risk has been reported to be associated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i). The aim of this study is to examine the association between BP risk and DPP4i treatment. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2015. 124,619 diabetic patients who were receiving DPP4i therapy were matched 1: 1 with diabetic patients who had never received DPP4i by age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin usage, and propensity score-matching of comorbidities. RESULTS The 6-year cumulative incidence of BP in the DPP4i-treated cohort was significantly higher than that in the non-DPP4i group (0.74 per 1000 vs 0.38 per 1000, P = 0.001). Modified Cox regression analysis revealed that DPP4i treatment (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.18-3.91, P = 0.01), age (HR: 1.06, P < 0.001), renal disease (HR: 2.32, P < 0.001), and metformin user (HR: 1.93, P = 0.006) were associated with increased BP risk. CONCLUSIONS DPP4i users had a 2.2-fold increase in the risk of BP, and the risk was the highest in those with concomitant use of DPP4i and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Public Health, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jenq Chou
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsian Lin
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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167
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Oba-Yamamoto C, Kameda H, Miyoshi H, Sekizaki T, Takase T, Yanagimachi T, Fujita Y, Nomoto H, Cho KY, Nakamura A, Nagai S, Atsumi T. Acromegaly Cases Exhibiting Increased Growth Hormone Levels during Oral Glucose Loading with Preadministration of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor. Intern Med 2021; 60:2375-2383. [PMID: 34334589 PMCID: PMC8381171 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4755-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is speculated to worsen growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion in acromegaly and to be a cause of paradoxical increases in GH (PI-GH) during 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing (75-g OGTT). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is), which increase the circulating concentration of active GIP, are frequently administered to diabetic patients, including those with acromegaly. We aimed to determine whether or not the administration of a DPP4i increases GH concentration, especially in patients demonstrating PI-GH during a DPP4i-OGTT, in which a DPP4i was administered immediately before 75-g OGTT. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on acromegalic patients admitted to Hokkaido University hospital between June 2011 and May 2018. The participants underwent both 75-g OGTT and DPP4i-OGTT. For those who underwent surgery, immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the GIP receptor (GIPR) were performed on the resected pituitary adenomas. Results Twenty-five percent of the participants had PI-GH confirmed (3 of 12 cases). Two of the three participants who demonstrated PI-GH exhibited higher circulating GH concentrations during DPP4i-OGTT than during OGTT. The increase in plasma glucose was reduced during DPP4i-OGTT compared to during 75-g OGTT, suggesting that the increase in GH during DPP4i-OGTT was due not to high glucose concentrations but instead increased GIP caused by the administration of DPP4i. The adenoma from one participant with PI-GH displayed positive immunostaining for GIPR and a higher GIPR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression than the others. Conclusion DPP4i may enhance the GH secretion response during glucose loading, especially in individuals with PI-GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Oba-Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sekizaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takase
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - So Nagai
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, NTT-East Sapporo Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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168
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Golub Y, Stonawski V, Plank AC, Eichler A, Kratz O, Waltes R, von Hoersten S, Roessner V, Freitag CM. Anxiety Is Associated With DPPIV Alterations in Children With Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644553. [PMID: 34267682 PMCID: PMC8275849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both selective mutism (SM) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are severe pediatric anxiety disorders with the common trait of behavioral inhibition (BI). The underlying pathophysiology of these disorders remains poorly understood, however converging evidence suggests that alterations in several peripheral molecular pathways might be involved. In a pilot study, we investigated alterations in plasma molecular markers (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPPIV], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-β [TNF-β] and neuropeptide-Y [NPY]) in children with SM, SAD, and healthy controls, as well as the correlation of these markers to symptom severity. Methods: We included 51 children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years; n = 29 girls): n = 20 children in the SM-, n = 16 in the SAD- and n = 15 in the control-group (CG). Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for DPPIV, IL-6, TNF-β, and NPY concentrations. Diverse psychometric measures were used for BI, anxiety, and mutism symptoms. Results: Lower DPPIV-levels were correlated with more anxiety symptoms. However, we could not find a difference in any molecular marker between the patients with SAD and SM in comparison to the CG. Conclusion: DPPIV is proposed as relevant marker for child and adolescent anxiety. Investigating the pathophysiology of SM and SAD focusing on state and trait variables as anxiety or BI might help better understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders. Further studies with especially larger cohorts are needed to validate the current pilot-findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne C Plank
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hoersten
- Department of Experimental Therapy and Preclinical Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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169
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Strollo R, Maddaloni E, Dauriz M, Pedone C, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P. Use of DPP4 inhibitors in Italy does not correlate with diabetes prevalence among COVID-19 deaths. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108444. [PMID: 32946854 PMCID: PMC7492144 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a nationwide study of 3818 charts from patients with fatal COVID-19, we found that geographical differences in Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors use did not correlate with diabetes prevalence among COVID-19 deaths, thus not supporting the hypothesis of a clinically relevant involvement of DPP4 inhibition in COVID-19 development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Strollo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, South-Tyrolean Healthcare System, Bolzano General Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.
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170
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Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Yavarian J, Shafiei-Jandaghi NZ. Usage of peptidases by SARS-CoV-2 and several human coronaviruses as receptors: A mysterious story. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:124-128. [PMID: 33347649 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors to infect many humans and animals. Newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) recognizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry into different cells. Interestingly, besides SARS-CoV2, four other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) use three different ectopeptidases (ACE2, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and aminopeptidase N) as receptors independent of their common peptidase activity. This issue has led to the important question "why do several HCoVs rely on peptidases as their receptors?." In this paper, we discussed to answer this question. Mostly, it seems that the use of peptidases by HCoVs may be more related to their widespread presence on target cells and also viruses prefer to take advantage of molecules with relatively low affinity for their natural ligands through evolving a stronger binding affinity to the surface receptors for entry and endocytosis. Meanwhile evolutionary conservation of these receptors may allow HCoVs to switch between different host species. Finally, the choice of peptidases by HCoVs may reflect the "trial and error" nature of evolution. In conclusion, substantial efforts are needed to get a strong picture of this fascinating question and poorly explored area. Detailed understanding of the entry mechanisms offers opportunities for the development of refined strategies to stop viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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171
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Arnone M, Konantz M, Hanns P, Paczulla Stanger AM, Bertels S, Godavarthy PS, Christopeit M, Lengerke C. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: The Challenges of Phenotypic Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3742. [PMID: 33322769 PMCID: PMC7764578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Next to variabilities in patient-specific parameters influencing treatment decisions and outcome, this is due to differences in AML biology. In fact, different genetic drivers may transform variable cells of origin and co-exist with additional genetic lesions (e.g., as observed in clonal hematopoiesis) in a variety of leukemic (sub)clones. Moreover, AML cells are hierarchically organized and contain subpopulations of more immature cells called leukemic stem cells (LSC), which on the cellular level constitute the driver of the disease and may evolve during therapy. This genetic and hierarchical complexity results in a pronounced phenotypic variability, which is observed among AML cells of different patients as well as among the leukemic blasts of individual patients, at diagnosis and during the course of the disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on the heterogeneous landscape of AML surface markers with particular focus on those identifying LSC, and discuss why identification and targeting of this important cellular subpopulation in AML remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Arnone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Anna M. Paczulla Stanger
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Parimala Sonika Godavarthy
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Maximilian Christopeit
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (P.H.)
- Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.M.P.S.); (S.B.); (P.S.G.); (M.C.)
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172
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Yan L, Tian X, Ye C, Guan X, Dong B, Zhao M, Wu J, Hao C. CD26 as a Promising Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12615-12623. [PMID: 33335402 PMCID: PMC7737554 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high mortality rate owing to insufficient approaches for early diagnosis and the invasive biological behavior of the cancer. CD26 is a membrane-anchored protein involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Here, we investigated correlations between CD26 expression and clinicopathological features in patients with pancreatic tumors. Methods We collected 170 tumor tissue specimens and 138 paired paratumoral tissues from patients with pancreatic tumors and evaluated CD26 expression using immunohistochemistry. Results CD26 was expressed in 79.4% of pancreatic tumors, which was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than that in paratumoral pancreatic tissues (23.2%). High expression of CD26 was correlated with ABO blood type (P = 0.035), malignancy degree (P = 0.001), CA199 (P = 0.01), and CA242 (P = 0.027). In pancreatic malignancies, CD26 expression was observed in 80.7% (130/161) of cases. Lower CD26 expression was correlated with longer disease-free survival (P = 0.048) and overall survival (P = 0.024) and was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.713; P = 0.042). Similar results were observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, and CD26 expression level (HR: 2.117; P = 0.008) was an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with PDAC. CD26 expression was significantly increased in pancreatic tumors and gradually increased with increasing malignancy degree, suggesting that CD26 may be involved in the tumorigenic proliferation of pancreatic tumors. Conclusion Therefore, CD26 is a potential marker for early diagnosis and a promising therapeutic target in pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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173
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Identification and characterization of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from silver carp swim bladder hydrolysates. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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174
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Investigation of beta-lactoglobulin derived bioactive peptides against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): In silico analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173781. [PMID: 33271151 PMCID: PMC7705332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China spread to the whole world in a short period of time, and thousands of people have died due to this epidemic. Although scientists have been searching for methods to manage SARS-CoV-2, there is no specific medication against COVID-19 as of yet. Two main approaches should be followed in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2; one of which is to neutralize the virus, and the other is to inhibit the host cell membrane receptors, where SARS-CoV-2 will bind. In this study, peptides derived from beta-lactoglobulin, which inactivates both the virus and its receptors in the host cell, were identified using computer-based in silico analysis. The beta-lactoglobulin derived peptides used in this study were obtained by the treatment of goat milk whey fraction with trypsin. The structure of the peptides was characterized by the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS), and six beta-lactoglobulin derived peptides were selected as candidate peptides. Subsequently, the effects of peptides on SARS-CoV-2 and host cells were identified using virtual screening. According to the results of this in silico analysis, Ala-Leu-Pro-Met-His-Ile-Arg (ALMPHIR) and Ile-Pro-Ala-Val-Phe-Lys (IPAVFK) peptides were evaluated as potential candidates to be used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 after the future in vitro and in vivo studies. This in silico study used a hypothesis-driven peptidomics strategy. The beta-lactoglobulin derived peptides have potential effects against SARS-CoV-2. ALMPHIR and IPAVFK are potential candidates among these peptides.
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175
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Li L. COVID-19 in Elderly Adults: Clinical Features, Molecular Mechanisms, and Proposed Strategies. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1481-1495. [PMID: 33269102 PMCID: PMC7673861 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing problems worldwide. Most people are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but elderly populations are more susceptible. Elevated susceptibility and death rates in elderly COVID-19 patients, especially those with age-related complications, are challenges for pandemic prevention and control. In this paper, we review the clinical features of elderly patients with COVID-19 and explore the related molecular mechanisms that are essential for the exploration of preventive and therapeutic strategies in the current pandemic. Furthermore, we analyze the feasibility of currently recommended potential novel methods against COVID-19 among elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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176
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Gelman R, Bayatra A, Kessler A, Schwartz A, Ilan Y. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1397-1406. [PMID: 32490731 PMCID: PMC7473106 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1776161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and it has created a pressing global need for effective antiviral therapies against it. COVID-19 disease pathogenesis is characterized by an initial virus-mediated phase, followed by inappropriate hyperactivation of the immune system leading to organ damage. Targeting of the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors is being explored as a therapeutic option for these patients. In this paper, we summarize several potential receptors associated with the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their association with the immune-mediated inflammatory response. The potential for the development of resistance towards antiviral drugs is also presented. An algorithm-based platform to improve the efficacy of and overcome resistance to viral receptor blockers through the introduction of personalized variability is described. This method is designed to ensure sustained antiviral effectiveness when using SARS-CoV-2 receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Gelman
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Areej Bayatra
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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177
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Worthen CA, Cui Y, Orringer JS, Johnson TM, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. CD26 Identifies a Subpopulation of Fibroblasts that Produce the Majority of Collagen during Wound Healing in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2515-2524.e3. [PMID: 32407715 PMCID: PMC7655599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts produce collagens and other proteins that form the bulk of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissues. Emerging data point to functional heterogeneity of fibroblasts. However, the lack of subtype-specific markers hinders our understanding of the different roles of fibroblasts in ECM biology, wound healing, diseases, and aging. We have investigated the utility of the cell surface protein CD26 to identify functionally distinct fibroblast subpopulations in human skin. Using flow cytometry and immunohistology, we found that CD26, in combination with the cell surface glycoprotein CD90, identifies a distinct subpopulation of cells, which express relatively high levels of COL1A1, a hallmark of fibroblasts. Importantly, the population of CD26+ fibroblasts is selectively increased after wounding of human skin. These cells account for the majority of COL1A1 expression during the ECM remodeling phase of healing. The proportion of CD26+ fibroblasts in the skin of young and aged individuals is similar, indicating that the loss of collagen production during aging does not involve selective reduction of CD26+ fibroblasts. In culture, the majority of freshly isolated CD26- fibroblasts gain expression of CD26+. Taken together, these data provide a foundation for targeting CD26+ fibroblasts to modulate wound healing in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal A Worthen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yilei Cui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Orringer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy M Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary J Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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178
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Zhou JH, Wu B, Wang WX, Lei F, Cheng X, Qin JJ, Cai JJ, Zhang XJ, Zhou F, Liu YM, Li HM, Zhu LH, She ZG, Zhang X, Yang J, Li HL. No significant association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and adverse outcomes of COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5576-5588. [PMID: 33344548 PMCID: PMC7716296 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i22.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is commonly targeted to achieve glycemic control and has potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. Recent structural analyses indicated a potential tight interaction between DPP4 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), raising a promising hypothesis that DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) drugs might be an optimal strategy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with diabetes. However, there has been no direct clinical evidence illuminating the associations between DPP4i use and COVID-19 outcomes.
AIM To illuminate the associations between DPP4i usage and the adverse outcomes of COVID-19.
METHODS We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis including 2563 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 at 16 hospitals in Hubei Province, China. After excluding ineligible individuals, 142 patients who received DPP4i drugs and 1115 patients who received non-DPP4i oral anti-diabetic drugs were included in the subsequent analysis. We performed a strict propensity score matching (PSM) analysis where age, sex, comorbidities, number of oral hypoglycemic agents, heart rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 95%, CT diagnosed bilateral lung lesions, laboratory indicators, and proportion of insulin usage were matched. Finally, 111 participants treated with DPP4i drugs were successfully matched to 333 non-DPP4i users. Then, a linear logistic model and mixed-effect Cox model were applied to analyze the associations between in-hospital DPP4i use and adverse outcomes of COVID-19.
RESULTS After rigorous matching and further adjustments for imbalanced variables in the linear logistic model and Cox adjusted model, we found that there was no significant association between in-hospital DPP4i use (DPP4i group) and 28-d all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.09-2.11, P = 0.31). Likewise, the incidences and risks of secondary outcomes, including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute organ (kidney, liver, and cardiac) injuries, were also comparable between the DPP4i and non-DPP4i groups. The performance of DPP4i agents in achieving glucose control (e.g., the median level of fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose) and inflammatory regulation was approximately equivalent in the DPP4i and non-DPP4i groups. Furthermore, we did not observe substantial side effects such as uncontrolled glycemia or acidosis due to DPP4i application relative to the use of non-DPP4i agents in the study cohort.
CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that DPP4i use is not significantly associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 or other adverse effects of anti-diabetic treatment. The data support the continuation of DPP4i agents for diabetes management in the setting of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Basic Medical School, Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye-Mao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao-Miao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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179
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Patel PM, Jones VA, Kridin K, Amber KT. The role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in cutaneous disease. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:304-318. [PMID: 33131073 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a multifunctional, transmembrane glycoprotein present on the cell surface of various tissues. It is present in multiple molecular forms including cell surface and soluble. The role of DPP4 and its inhibition in cutaneous dermatoses have been a recent point of investigation. DPP4 exerts a notable influence on T-cell biology, the induction of skin-specific lymphocytes, and the homeostasis between regulatory and effector T cells. Moreover, DPP4 interacts with a broad range of molecules, including adenosine deaminase, caveolin-1, CXCR4 receptor, M6P/insulin-like growth factor II-receptor and fibroblast activation protein-α, triggering downstream effects that modulate the immune response, cell adhesion and chemokine activity. DPP4 expression on melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts further alters cell function and, thus, has crucial implications in cutaneous pathology. As a result, DPP4 plays a significant role in bullous pemphigoid, T helper type 1-like reactions, cutaneous lymphoma, melanoma, wound healing and fibrotic disorders. This review illustrates the multifactorial role of DPP4 expression, regulation, and inhibition in cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal M Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Virginia A Jones
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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180
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Falasca L, Nardacci R, Colombo D, Lalle E, Di Caro A, Nicastri E, Antinori A, Petrosillo N, Marchioni L, Biava G, D'Offizi G, Palmieri F, Goletti D, Zumla A, Ippolito G, Piacentini M, Del Nonno F. Postmortem Findings in Italian Patients With COVID-19: A Descriptive Full Autopsy Study of Cases With and Without Comorbidities. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1807-1815. [PMID: 32914853 PMCID: PMC7543426 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Descriptions of the pathological features of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel zoonotic pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emanate from tissue biopsies, case reports, and small postmortem studies restricted to the lung and specific organs. Whole-body autopsy studies of COVID-19 patients have been sparse. METHODS To further define the pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 across all body organs, we performed autopsies on 22 patients with COVID-19 (18 with comorbidities and 4 without comorbidities) who died at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS Hospital, Rome, Italy. Tissues from the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow (but not the brain) were examined. Only lung tissues were subject to transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS COVID-19 caused multisystem pathology. Pulmonary and cardiovascular involvement were dominant pathological features. Extrapulmonary manifestations included hepatic, kidney, splenic, and bone marrow involvement, and microvascular injury and thrombosis were also detected. These findings were similar in patients with or without preexisting medical comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection causes multisystem disease and significant pathology in most organs in patients with and without comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Biava
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero D'Offizi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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181
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Strollo R, Pozzilli P. DPP4 inhibition: Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or progression of COVID-19? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3330. [PMID: 32336007 PMCID: PMC7267128 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells. The question has been raised on whether DPP4 modulation or inhibition may prevent infection and/or progression of the COVID-19. A docked complex model of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and DPP4 has been proposed, showing a large interface between the proteins and proposing close similarity with other coronaviruses using DPP4 as functional receptor. In absence of experimental validation, these data should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, this observation may rise the question on whether DPP4 is directly involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell adhesion/virulence, and whether DPP4 inhibition might be a therapeutic strategy for preventing infection. Although a direct involvement of DPP4 in SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be clarified, there is also evidence suggesting that DPP4 inhibitors modulate inflammation and exert anti-fibrotic activity. These properties may be of potential use for halting progression to the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe COVID-19. Taken together these findings may suggest a potential role for DPP4 inhibition or modulation in one or more steps of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Strollo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of MedicineCampus Bio‐Medico, University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of MedicineCampus Bio‐Medico, University of RomeRomeItaly
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary, University of LondonLondonUK
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182
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Stover KR, Hugh E, Sherman JJ, Malinowski SS, Berdahl GJ, Riche DM. Infectious complications of newer agents in the fight against diabetes. Nurse Pract 2020; 45:17-24. [PMID: 33093391 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000718508.65708.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infectious complications have been reported with antidiabetic medications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been associated with upper respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been associated with lower limb amputations, urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections, and Fournier gangrene.
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183
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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis by potentiating the action of GLP-2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1446-1456. [PMID: 32398684 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes. In the present study, experimental colitis was induced in mice receiving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. We found that mice with DSS-induced colitis had significantly increased intestinal DPP activity and decreased serum DPP activity, suggesting a probable correlation of DPP4 with experimental colitis. Then, we investigated whether sitagliptin, a specific DPP4 inhibitor could protect against DSS-induced colitis. We showed that oral administration of single dose of sitagliptin (30 mg/kg) on D7 remarkably inhibited DPP enzyme activity in both serum and intestine of DSS-induced colitic mice. Repeated administration of sitagliptin (10, 30 mg/kg, bid, from D0 to D8) significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, including reduction of disease activity index (DAI) and body weight loss, improvement of histological score and colon length. Sitagliptin administration dose-dependently increased plasma concentrations of active form of GLP-1 and colonic expression of GLP-2R. Co-administration of GLP-2R antagonist GLP-23-33 (500 μg/kg, bid, sc) abolished the protective effects of sitagliptin in DSS-induced colitic mice. Moreover, sitagliptin administration significantly decreased the ratio of apoptotic cells and increased the ratio of proliferative cells in colon epithelium of DSS-induced colitic mice, and this effect was also blocked by GLP-23-33. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sitagliptin could attenuate DSS-induced experimental colitis and the effects can be attributed to the enhancement of GLP-2 action and the subsequent protective effects on intestinal barrier by inhibiting epithelial cells apoptosis and promoting their proliferation. These findings suggest sitagliptin as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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184
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Hasan SS, Kow CS, Bain A, Kavanagh S, Merchant HA, Hadi MA. Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for the management of diabetes mellitus among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:229-240. [PMID: 33054481 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1837114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent comorbidities identified in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This article aims to discuss the pharmacotherapeutic considerations for the management of diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. AREAS COVERED We discussed various aspects of pharmacotherapeutic management in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: (i) susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 among individuals with diabetes, (ii) glycemic goals for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and concurrent diabetes, (iii) pharmacological treatment considerations for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and concurrent diabetes. EXPERT OPINION The glycemic goals in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are to avoid disruption of stable metabolic state, maintain optimal glycemic control, and prevent adverse glycemic events. Patients with T1DM require insulin therapy at all times to prevent ketosis. The management strategies for patients with T2DM include temporary discontinuation of certain oral antidiabetic agents and consideration for insulin therapy. Patients with T2DM who are relatively stable and able to eat regularly may continue with oral antidiabetic agents if glycemic control is satisfactory. Hyperglycemia may develop in patients with systemic corticosteroid treatment and should be managed upon accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amie Bain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Sallianne Kavanagh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Hamid A Merchant
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield, UK
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185
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Rozot V, Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Musvosvi M, Toefy A, Rantangee F, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Finak G, Fulp W, Ginsberg AM, Hokey DA, Shey M, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados C, Bekker LG, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ. Multidimensional analyses reveal modulation of adaptive and innate immune subsets by tuberculosis vaccines. Commun Biol 2020; 3:563. [PMID: 33037320 PMCID: PMC7547090 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the breadth, function and phenotype of innate and adaptive cellular responses in a prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection trial. Responses are measured by whole blood intracellular cytokine staining at baseline and 70 days after vaccination with H4:IC31 (subunit vaccine containing Ag85B and TB10.4), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, a live attenuated vaccine) or placebo (n = ~30 per group). H4:IC31 vaccination induces Ag85B and TB10.4-specific CD4 T cells, and an unexpected NKTlike subset, that expresses IFN-γ, TNF and/or IL-2. BCG revaccination increases frequencies of CD4 T cell subsets that either express Th1 cytokines or IL-22, and modestly increases IFNγ-producing NK cells. In vitro BCG re-stimulation also triggers responses by donor-unrestricted T cells, which may contribute to host responses against mycobacteria. BCG, which demonstrated efficacy against sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, modulates multiple immune cell subsets, in particular conventional Th1 and Th22 cells, which should be investigated in discovery studies of correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Rantangee
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greg Finak
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Fulp
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Muki Shey
- Aeras South Africa Endpoint Assay Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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186
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Chen YC, Chen TH, Sun CC, Chen JY, Chang SS, Yeung L, Tsai YW. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risks of autoimmune diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1181-1192. [PMID: 32318876 PMCID: PMC7173685 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in various cell types, serves as a co-stimulator molecule to influence immune response. This study aimed to investigate associations between DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of autoimmune disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the nationwide data from the diabetes subsection of Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to compare the risk of autoimmune disorders and the subgroup analyses between the DPP-4i and DPP-4i-naïve groups. RESULTS A total of 774,198 type 2 diabetic patients were identified. The adjusted HR of the incidence for composite autoimmune disorders in DPP-4i group was 0.56 (95% CI 0.53-0.60; P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the younger patients (aged 20-40 years: HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.61; aged 41-60 years: HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.46-0.55; aged 61-80 years: HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.58-0.68, P = 0.0004) and the lesser duration of diabetes diagnosed (0-5 years: HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.44-0.52; 6-10 years: HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.43-0.53; ≧ 10 years: HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.96, P < 0.0001), the more significant the inverse association of DPP-4 inhibitors with the incidence of composite autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 inhibitors are associated with lower risk of autoimmune disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Taiwan, especially for the younger patients and the lesser duration of diabetes diagnosed. The significant difference was found between the four types of DPP-4 inhibitors and the risk of autoimmune diseases. This study provides clinicians with useful information regarding the use of DPP-4 inhibitors for treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shy-Shin Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ling Yeung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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187
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Lin P, Wang M, Wei Y, Kim T, Wei X. Coronavirus in human diseases: Mechanisms and advances in clinical treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:270-301. [PMID: 33173860 PMCID: PMC7646666 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs), a subfamily of coronavirinae, are a panel of single-stranded RNA virus. Human coronavirus (HCoV) strains (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63) usually cause mild upper respiratory diseases and are believed to be harmless. However, other HCoVs, associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19, have been identified as important pathogens due to their potent infectivity and lethality worldwide. Moreover, currently, no effective antiviral drugs treatments are available so far. In this review, we summarize the biological characters of HCoVs, their association with human diseases, and current therapeutic options for the three severe HCoVs. We also highlight the discussion about novel treatment strategies for HCoVs infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lin
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Wexner Medical Center The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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188
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Charoenkwan P, Kanthawong S, Nantasenamat C, Hasan MM, Shoombuatong W. iDPPIV-SCM: A Sequence-Based Predictor for Identifying and Analyzing Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Peptides Using a Scoring Card Method. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4125-4136. [PMID: 32897718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, E.C.3.4.14.5) is well recognized as a new avenue for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until now, peptide-like DDP-IV inhibitors have been shown to normalize the blood glucose concentration in T2D subjects. To the best of our knowledge, there is yet no computational model for predicting and analyzing DPP-IV inhibitory peptides using sequence information. In this study, we present for the first time a simple and easily interpretable sequence-based predictor using the scoring card method (SCM) for modeling the bioactivity of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (iDPPIV-SCM). Particularly, the iDPPIV-SCM was developed by employing the SCM method together with the propensity scores of amino acids. Rigorous independent test results demonstrated that the proposed iDPPIV-SCM was found to be superior to those of well-known machine learning (ML) classifiers (e.g., k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and decision tree) with demonstrated improvements of 2-11, 4-22, and 7-10% for accuracy, MCC, and AUC, respectively, while also achieving comparable results to that of the support vector machine. Furthermore, the analysis of estimated propensity scores of amino acids as derived from the iDPPIV-SCM was performed so as to provide a more in-depth understanding on the molecular basis for enhancing the DPP-IV inhibitory potency. Taken together, these results revealed that iDPPIV-SCM was superior to those of other well-known ML classifiers owing to its simplicity, interpretability, and validity. For the convenience of biologists, the predictive model is deployed as a publicly accessible web server at http://camt.pythonanywhere.com/iDPPIV-SCM. It is anticipated that iDPPIV-SCM can serve as an important tool for the rapid screening of promising DPP-IV inhibitory peptides prior to their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phasit Charoenkwan
- Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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189
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Stubbe HC, Dahlke C, Rotheneder K, Stirner R, Roider J, Conca R, Seybold U, Bogner J, Addo MM, Draenert R. Integration of microarray data and literature mining identifies a sex bias in DPP4+CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239399. [PMID: 32946499 PMCID: PMC7500694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection exhibits a significant sex bias. This study aimed at identifying and examining lymphocyte associated sex differences in HIV-1 pathogenesis using a data-driven approach. To select targets for investigating sex differences in lymphocytes, data of microarray experiments and literature mining were integrated. Data from three large-scale microarray experiments were obtained from NCBI/GEO and screened for sex differences in gene expression. Literature mining was employed to identify sex biased genes in the microarray data, which were relevant to HIV-1 pathogenesis and lymphocyte biology. Sex differences in gene expression of selected genes were investigated by RT-qPCR and flowcytometry in healthy individuals and persons living with HIV-1. A significant and consistent sex bias was identified in 31 genes, the majority of which were related to immunity and expressed at higher levels in women. Using literature mining, three genes (DPP4, FCGR1A and SOCS3) were selected for analysis by qPCR because of their relevance to HIV, as well as, B and T cell biology. DPP4 exhibited the most significant sex bias in mRNA expression (p = 0.00029). Therefore, its expression was further analyzed on B and T cells using flowcytometry. In HIV-1 infected controllers and healthy individuals, frequencies of CD4+DPP4+ T cells were higher in women compared to men (p = 0.037 and p = 0.027). In women, CD4 T cell counts correlated with a predominant decreased in DPP4+CD4+ T cells (p = 0.0032). Sex differences in DPP4 expression abrogated in progressive HIV-1 infection. In conclusion, we found sex differences in the pathobiology of T cells in HIV-1 infection using a data-driven approach. Our results indicate that DPP4 expression on CD4+ T cells might contribute to the immunological sex differences observed in chronic HIV‑1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Stubbe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Rotheneder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Stirner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Department of Pediatrics Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Seybold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bogner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marylyn Martina Addo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rika Draenert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany
- Antibiotic Stewardship Team, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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190
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Kubo A, Hidaka T, Nakayama M, Sasaki Y, Takagi M, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y. Protective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:402. [PMID: 32948146 PMCID: PMC7501714 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1. DPP-4 inhibitors are used worldwide to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and were recently shown to have pleiotropic effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic actions. DPP-4 inhibitors improve albuminuria and renal injury including glomerular damage independent of its hypoglycemic effect. Although DPP-4 is mainly expressed in the kidney, the physiological function of DPP-4 remains unclear. METHODS The localization of renal DPP-4 activity was determined in human renal biopsy specimens with glycyl-1-prolyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor were examined in human cultured podocyte. RESULTS DPP-4 activity under normal conditions was observed in some Bowman's capsular epithelial cells and proximal tubules, but not in the glomerulus. DPP-4 activity was observed in crescent formation in anti-neutrophil myeloperoxidase cytoplasmic antigen antibody nephritis, nodular lesions in diabetic nephropathy, and some podocytes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notably, the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin suppressed DPP-4 activity in podocytes and the proximal tubules. To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin. Treatment with saxagliptin maintained the structure of synaptopodin and RhoA. Saxagliptin also improved the detachment of podocytes. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 activity induces degradation of synaptopodin and reduction of RhoA, resulting in destruction of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Saxagliptin may have pleiotropic effects to prevent podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kubo
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Teruo Hidaka
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takagi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-City, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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191
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Yoon H, Cho SH, Seo YR, Yu KS, Park SS, Song MJ. Optimization and validation of a fluorogenic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzymatic assay in human plasma. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:113952. [PMID: 32926865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples. The sensitivity, calibration curve, detection range, accuracy, precision, recovery efficiency, Km constant, short/long-term stability, and stability after freezing-thawing cycles were analyzed. DPP4 enzymatic activity (mU/min) was measured as the initial velocity (Vo) of the enzymatic reaction over time. The sensitivity of the Vo value was 14,488 mU/min for recombinant DPP4 and 17,995 mU/min for human plasma samples. The dynamic ranges of the calibration curve were linear and reliable between 1.11 × 104-1.86 × 106 mU/min of the mean Vo value and in the DPP4 concentration range of 23.4-3,000 ng/mL. The assay's accuracy and precision met acceptance criteria for all samples. Plasma DPP4 was stable under various storage temperatures, even after three freeze-thaw cycles. Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyee Yoon
- Protein Immunology Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hee Cho
- Protein Immunology Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rim Seo
- Protein Immunology Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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192
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Alaofi AL. Exploring structural dynamics of the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and mutant DPP4 receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:752-763. [PMID: 32909925 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1818626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mouse DPP4 (mDPP4) receptor is not a functional receptor for MERS-CoV while human DPP4 (hDPP4) is, despite the high similarities between hDPP4 and mDPP4 receptors. The variability of DPP4 receptors against MERS-CoV is not fully investigated, especially conformational and structural differences. Therefore, investigating the conformational differences of the DPP4 receptors can aid in developing new small animal models for MERS-CoV vaccines and antiviral agents evaluation. Here we used MD simulations and docking techniques to investigate these structural differences in DPP4 receptors. The results showed chimeric mouse mDPP4 (cmDPP4) has a similar compact conformation as wild-type hDPP4 based on the structural analysis. Interestingly, a single Thr288Ala mutation induced a relaxed conformation in chimeric 2 hDPP4 (c2hDPP4) and chimeric 2 mDPP4 (c2mDPP4); in addition to its significant effect on the DPP4 flexibility. The Thr288 residue is known for its critical function in MERS-CoV RBD interaction. Moreover, MERS-CoV RBD adopts a "standing" conformation when docked to hDPP4 and cmDPP4 in blade IV and V regions. In conclusion, the results could explain the functionality differences between mouse and human DPP4 receptors against MERS-CoV. However, further structural studies are needed to evaluate how DPP4 conformations affects MERS-CoV RBD binding and affinity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed L Alaofi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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193
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Tang PMK, Zhang YY, Hung JSC, Chung JYF, Huang XR, To KF, Lan HY. DPP4/CD32b/NF-κB Circuit: A Novel Druggable Target for Inhibiting CRP-Driven Diabetic Nephropathy. Mol Ther 2020; 29:365-375. [PMID: 32956626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but treatment remains ineffective. C-reactive protein (CRP) is pathogenic in DN, which significantly correlated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) expression in diabetic patients with unknown reason. Here, using our unique CRPtg-db/db mice, we observed human CRP markedly induced renal DPP4 associated with enhanced kidney injury compared with db/db mice. Interestingly, linagliptin, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved specific DPP4 inhibitor, effectively blocked this CRP-driven DN in the CRPtg-db/db mice. Mechanistically, CRP evoked DPP4 in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, where CD32b/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling markedly enriched p65 binding on the DPP4 promoter region to increase its transcription. Unexpectedly, we further discovered that CRP triggers dimerization of DPP4 with CD32b at protein level, forming a novel DPP4/CD32b/NF-κB signaling circuit for promoting CRP-mediated DN. More importantly, linagliptin effectively blocked the circuit, thereby inhibiting the CRP/CD32b/NF-κB-driven renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, DPP4 may represent a precise druggable target for CRP-driven DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Shuk-Chun Hung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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194
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Williams DM, Nawaz A, Evans M. Diabetes and Novel Coronavirus Infection: Implications for Treatment. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:1915-1924. [PMID: 32661881 PMCID: PMC7357277 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) outbreak originating in December 2019 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic affecting millions across almost 200 countries. People with diabetes appear to develop more severe forms of the disease and to require intensive care unit support and/or mechanical ventilation more frequently than those with other underlying medical conditions. The mortality rate among people with diabetes is also significantly higher than that among people without diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes is often an indicator of poor underlying metabolic health, and frequently people with diabetes have multiple risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including cardiovascular and renal disease. In this review, we discuss the potential biological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may interact with disease processes implicated in diabetes and discuss how treatments commonly used for people with diabetes may affect COVID-19 severity and progression. There is currently a lack of evidence from human studies, and further trials in this area will prove useful to further expand our understanding of this rapidly developing disease process to improve outcomes for this high-risk group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Williams
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marc Evans
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
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195
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Dunaevsky YE, Tereshchenkova VF, Oppert B, Belozersky MA, Filippova IY, Elpidina EN. Human proline specific peptidases: A comprehensive analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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196
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Valencia I, Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Eckel J, Romacho T. DPP4 and ACE2 in Diabetes and COVID-19: Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Complications? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1161. [PMID: 32848769 PMCID: PMC7426477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus has become an urgent health and economic challenge. Diabetes is a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19. Recent studies support that COVID-19 has effects beyond the respiratory tract, with vascular complications arising as relevant factors worsening its prognosis, then making patients with previous vascular disease more prone to severity or fatal outcome. Angiotensin-II converting enzime-2 (ACE2) has been proposed as preferred receptor for SARS-CoV-2 host infection, yet specific proteins participating in the virus entry are not fully known. SARS-CoV-2 might use other co-receptor or auxiliary proteins allowing virus infection. In silico experiments proposed that SARS-CoV-2 might bind dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26), which was established previously as receptor for MERS-CoV. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) component ACE2 and DPP4 are proteins dysregulated in diabetes. Imbalance of the RAAS and direct effect of soluble DPP4 exert deleterious vascular effects. We hypothesize that diabetic patients might be more affected by COVID-19 due to increased presence ACE2 and DPP4 mediating infection and contributing to a compromised vasculature. Here, we discuss the role of ACE2 and DPP4 as relevant factors linking the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19 in diabetic patients and present an outlook on therapeutic potential of current drugs targeted against RAAS and DPP4 to treat or prevent COVID-19-derived vascular complications. Diabetes affects more than 400 million people worldwide, thus better understanding of how they are affected by COVID-19 holds an important benefit to fight against this disease with pandemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valencia
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Diabetes, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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197
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Abdi A, Jalilian M, Sarbarzeh PA, Vlaisavljevic Z. Diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review on the current evidences. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108347. [PMID: 32711003 PMCID: PMC7375314 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pneumonia is a newly recognized illness that is spreading rapidly around the world and causes many disability and deaths. Some diseases, for instance diabetes, is continuously suggested as a risk factor which contributes to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no comprehensive studies aiming to explain the exact relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. Thus, this study aims to summarize the evidence about diabetes and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. METHOD A literature review was implemented within databases of Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, and Web of science. Observational reviews, case-report, and case-series studies that assessed the diabetes in COVID-19 patients, were included. Data extraction and assessment were guided by PRISMA checklist. FINDINGS Some studies suggest that there were no significant differences in symptoms between patients who suffered from both diabetes and COVID-19 and those who only suffered COVID-19. In the subsequent meta-analysis 14.5% of the subjects were diabetic patient. These clients have poor ARDS prognosis, severe symptoms, and the death rate is higher among COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is suggested the diabetic patients will be treated with antibiotics, antivirals, and HCQ. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that diabetes is a risk factor - and contributes to the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19. This paper also provides recommendations and guidelines for which could be useful for prevention and treatment of diabetic patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdi
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Jalilian
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Pegah Ahmadi Sarbarzeh
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeljko Vlaisavljevic
- High School of Medical Professional Studies Medika, Department of Nursing, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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198
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Chen CF, Chien CH, Yang YP, Chou SJ, Wang ML, Huo TI, Lin CC. Role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes infected with coronavirus-19. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:710-711. [PMID: 32349031 PMCID: PMC7493766 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is widely increasing the patients affiliated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from last December of 2019. It is reported that the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed to be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, whether the ACE-related inhibitors or drugs modulated ACE2 activity in affecting the viral activity and disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 is still an open question. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4), a well-known anti-diabetic drug, has been widely used to control the glycemic condition in patients with diabetes. In this article, we are focusing on the impact of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and DPP4 inhibitors used on SARS-CoV-2 activity and discussions about those drugs that may be related to infectious condition of COVID-19 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fan Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chian-Hsu Chien
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - The-Ia Huo
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address Correspondence. Dr. Chih-Ching Lin, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (C.-C. Lin)
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199
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Plasma levels of DPP4 activity and sDPP4 are dissociated from inflammation in mice and humans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3766. [PMID: 32724076 PMCID: PMC7387453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) modulates inflammation by enzymatic cleavage of immunoregulatory peptides and through its soluble form (sDPP4) that directly engages immune cells. Here we examine whether reduction of DPP4 activity alters inflammation. Prolonged DPP4 inhibition increases plasma levels of sDPP4, and induces sDPP4 expression in lymphocyte-enriched organs in mice. Bone marrow transplantation experiments identify hematopoietic cells as the predominant source of plasma sDPP4 following catalytic DPP4 inhibition. Surprisingly, systemic DPP4 inhibition increases plasma levels of inflammatory markers in regular chow-fed but not in high fat-fed mice. Plasma levels of sDPP4 and biomarkers of inflammation are lower in metformin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, yet exhibit considerable inter-individual variation. Sitagliptin therapy for 12 months reduces DPP4 activity yet does not increase markers of inflammation or levels of sDPP4. Collectively our findings dissociate levels of DPP4 enzyme activity, sDPP4 and biomarkers of inflammation in mice and humans.
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200
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Sitagliptin Mitigates Total Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8308616. [PMID: 32774687 PMCID: PMC7397422 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8308616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), has been implicated in the regulation of type 2 diabetes. However, the role and mechanism of sitagliptin administration in total body irradiation (TBI)- induced hematopoietic cells injury are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that sitagliptin had therapeutic effects on hematopoietic damage, which protected mice from 7.5 Gy TBI-induced death, increased the numbers and colony formation ability of hematopoietic cells. These therapeutic effects might be attributed to the inhibition of NOX4-mediated oxidative stress in hematopoietic cells, and the alleviation of inflammation was also helpful. Therefore, sitagliptin has potential as an effective radiotherapeutic agent for ameliorating TBI-induced hematopoietic injury.
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