151
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Associations between interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of gout. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13887. [PMID: 26399911 PMCID: PMC4585862 DOI: 10.1038/srep13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a self-limiting, auto-inflammatory arthritis induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid and periarticular tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between genetic variants in the interleukin (IL) and interleukin receptor (ILR) genes IL-33, IL-1RL1, IL-23R, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and susceptibility to gout in Chinese Han male individuals. The genetic distributions of rs3939286 in IL-33, rs13015714 in IL-1RL1, rs10889677 in IL-23R, and rs7574865 in STAT4 were detected in 1100 men with gout and 1227 ethnically matched controls, using Taqman allelic discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences in these polymorphisms between the groups were investigated using χ(2) tests. The genotype-phenotype relationship among gout patients was tested by analysis of variance. There was a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of IL-23R rs10889677 between gout patients and controls (χ(2) = 81.386, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in distributions of the other polymorphisms between the groups. Our results revealed that the rs10889677 variant in IL-23R may be involved in the development of gout in Chinese Han male individuals. However, further studies in other ethnic groups are needed to confirm these results.
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152
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Takeuchi M, Kastner DL, Remmers EF. The immunogenetics of Behçet's disease: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:137-48. [PMID: 26347074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized mainly by recurrent oral ulcers, ocular involvement, genital ulcers, and skin lesions, presenting with remissions and exacerbations. It is thought that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its onset and development. Although the etiology of Behçet's disease remains unclear, recent immunogenetic findings are providing clues to its pathogenesis. In addition to the positive association of HLA-B*51, which was identified more than four decades ago, and which has since been confirmed in multiple populations, recent studies report additional independent associations in the major histocompatibility complex class I region. HLA-B*15, -B*27, -B*57, and -A*26 are independent risk factors for Behçet's disease, while HLA-B*49 and -A*03 are independent class I alleles that are protective for Behçet's disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified associations with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the IL23R-IL12RB2, IL10, STAT4, CCR1-CCR3, KLRC4, ERAP1, TNFAIP3, and FUT2 loci. In addition, targeted next-generation sequencing has revealed the involvement of rare nonsynonymous variants of IL23R, TLR4, NOD2, and MEFV in Behçet's disease pathogenesis. Significant differences in gene function or mRNA expression associated with the risk alleles of the disease susceptibility loci suggest which genes in a disease-associated locus influence disease pathogenesis. These genes encompass both innate and adaptive immunity and confirm the importance of the predominant polarization towards helper T cell (Th) 1 versus Th2 cells, and the involvement of Th17 cells. In addition, epistasis observed between HLA-B*51 and the risk coding haplotype of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protease, ERAP1, provides a clue that an HLA class I-peptide presentation-based mechanism contributes to this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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153
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Taghavie-Moghadam PL, Gjurich BN, Jabeen R, Krishnamurthy P, Kaplan MH, Dobrian AD, Nadler JL, Galkina EV. STAT4 deficiency reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:169-78. [PMID: 26386214 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that leads to plaque formation in large and medium sized vessels. T helper 1 (Th1) cells constitute the majority of plaque infiltrating pro-atherogenic T cells and are induced via IFNγ-dependent activation of T-box (Tbet) and/or IL-12-dependent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4). We thus aimed to define a role for STAT4 in atherosclerosis. STAT4-deficiency resulted in a ∼71% reduction (p < 0.001) in plaque burden in Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-) vs Apoe(-/-) mice fed chow diet and significantly attenuated atherosclerosis (∼31%, p < 0.01) in western diet fed Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-) mice. Surprisingly, reduced atherogenesis in Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-) mice was not due to attenuated IFNγ production in vivo by Th1 cells, suggesting an at least partially IFNγ-independent pro-atherogenic role of STAT4. STAT4 is expressed in T cells, but also detected in macrophages (MΦs). Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-)in vitro differentiated M1 or M2 MΦs had reduced cytokine production compare to Apoe(-/-) M1 and M2 MΦs that was accompanied by reduced induction of CD69, I-A(b), and CD86 in response to LPS stimulation. Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-) MΦs expressed attenuated levels of CCR2 and demonstrated reduced migration toward CCL2 in a transwell assay. Importantly, the percentage of aortic CD11b(+)F4/80(+)Ly6C(hi) MΦs was reduced in Stat4(-/-)Apoe(-/-) vs Apoe(-/-) mice. Thus, this study identifies for the first time a pro-atherogenic role of STAT4 that is at least partially independent of Th1 cell-derived IFNγ, and primarily involving the modulation of MΦ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breanne N Gjurich
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Rukhsana Jabeen
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Purna Krishnamurthy
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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154
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Flores RR, Kim E, Zhou L, Yang C, Zhao J, Gambotto A, Robbins PD. IL-Y, a synthetic member of the IL-12 cytokine family, suppresses the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3114-25. [PMID: 26260044 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, consisting of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35, has important roles in regulating the immune response. IL-12 family members are comprised of a heterodimer consisting of α and β chains: IL-12 (p40 and p35), IL-23 (p40 and p19), IL-27 (Ebi3 and p28), and IL-35 (Ebi3 and p35). Given the combinatorial nature of the IL-12 family, we generated adenoviral vectors expressing two putative IL-12 family members not yet found naturally, termed IL-X (Ebi3 and p19) and IL-Y (p40 and p28), as single-chain molecules. Single chain IL-Y (scIL-Y), but not scIL-X, was able to stimulate significantly a unique cytokine/chemokine expression profile as well as activate STAT3 in mice, in part, through a pathway involving IL-27Rα in splenocytes. Adenoviral-mediated, intratumoral delivery of scIL-Y increased tumor growth in contrast to the anti-tumor effects of scIL-12 and scIL-23. Similarly, treatment of prediabetic NOD mice by intravenous injection of Ad.scIL-Y prevented the onset of hyperglycemia. Analysis of cells from Ad.scIL-Y-treated NOD mice demonstrated that scIL-Y reduced expression of inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ. Our data demonstrate that a novel, synthetic member of the IL-12 family, termed IL-Y, confers unique immunosuppressive effects in two different disease models and thus could have therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Flores
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liqiao Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Chenjie Yang
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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155
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Kreins AY, Ciancanelli MJ, Okada S, Kong XF, Ramírez-Alejo N, Kilic SS, El Baghdadi J, Nonoyama S, Mahdaviani SA, Ailal F, Bousfiha A, Mansouri D, Nievas E, Ma CS, Rao G, Bernasconi A, Sun Kuehn H, Niemela J, Stoddard J, Deveau P, Cobat A, El Azbaoui S, Sabri A, Lim CK, Sundin M, Avery DT, Halwani R, Grant AV, Boisson B, Bogunovic D, Itan Y, Moncada-Velez M, Martinez-Barricarte R, Migaud M, Deswarte C, Alsina L, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Muller-Fleckenstein I, Fleckenstein B, Cormier-Daire V, Rose-John S, Picard C, Hammarstrom L, Puel A, Al-Muhsen S, Abel L, Chaussabel D, Rosenzweig SD, Minegishi Y, Tangye SG, Bustamante J, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S. Human TYK2 deficiency: Mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-IgE syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1641-62. [PMID: 26304966 PMCID: PMC4577846 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kreins et al. report the identification and immunological characterization of a group of TYK2-deficient patients. Autosomal recessive, complete TYK2 deficiency was previously described in a patient (P1) with intracellular bacterial and viral infections and features of hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), including atopic dermatitis, high serum IgE levels, and staphylococcal abscesses. We identified seven other TYK2-deficient patients from five families and four different ethnic groups. These patients were homozygous for one of five null mutations, different from that seen in P1. They displayed mycobacterial and/or viral infections, but no HIES. All eight TYK2-deficient patients displayed impaired but not abolished cellular responses to (a) IL-12 and IFN-α/β, accounting for mycobacterial and viral infections, respectively; (b) IL-23, with normal proportions of circulating IL-17+ T cells, accounting for their apparent lack of mucocutaneous candidiasis; and (c) IL-10, with no overt clinical consequences, including a lack of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular responses to IL-21, IL-27, IFN-γ, IL-28/29 (IFN-λ), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were normal. The leukocytes and fibroblasts of all seven newly identified TYK2-deficient patients, unlike those of P1, responded normally to IL-6, possibly accounting for the lack of HIES in these patients. The expression of exogenous wild-type TYK2 or the silencing of endogenous TYK2 did not rescue IL-6 hyporesponsiveness, suggesting that this phenotype was not a consequence of the TYK2 genotype. The core clinical phenotype of TYK2 deficiency is mycobacterial and/or viral infections, caused by impaired responses to IL-12 and IFN-α/β. Moreover, impaired IL-6 responses and HIES do not appear to be intrinsic features of TYK2 deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Kreins
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Satoshi Okada
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Noé Ramírez-Alejo
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sara Sebnem Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jamila El Baghdadi
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center; and Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital; National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 141556153 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Hassan II University, CHU Ibn Rochd, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Hassan II University, CHU Ibn Rochd, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center; and Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital; National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 141556153 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elma Nievas
- Immunology Unit, Pediatric Hospital A. Fleming-OSEP, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Immunology and Rheumatology Service, Garrahan Hospital, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julie Niemela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul Deveau
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Safa El Azbaoui
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofaïl University, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Sabri
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofaïl University, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Pediatric Hematology/Immunology, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle T Avery
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Audrey V Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Marcela Moncada-Velez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia UdeA, 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Melanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laia Alsina
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204 Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona University, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Muller-Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM U1163, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Capucine Picard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hammarstrom
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoshiyuki Minegishi
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
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156
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Teng MWL, Bowman EP, McElwee JJ, Smyth MJ, Casanova JL, Cooper AM, Cua DJ. IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: from discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Nat Med 2015; 21:719-29. [PMID: 26121196 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was thought to have a central role in T cell-mediated responses in inflammation for more than a decade after it was first identified. Discovery of the cytokine IL-23, which shares a common p40 subunit with IL-12, prompted efforts to clarify the relative contribution of these two cytokines in immune regulation. Ustekinumab, a therapeutic agent targeting both cytokines, was recently approved to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and related agents are in clinical testing for a variety of inflammatory disorders. Here we discuss the therapeutic rationale for targeting these cytokines, the unintended consequences for host defense and tumor surveillance and potential ways in which these therapies can be applied to treat additional immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele W L Teng
- 1] Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy and Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark J Smyth
- 1] Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy and Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- 1] St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA. [3] Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, Paris, France. [4] Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. [5] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, USA
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157
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Pattanaik D, Brown M, Postlethwaite BC, Postlethwaite AE. Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:272. [PMID: 26106387 PMCID: PMC4459100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is one of the most complex systemic autoimmune diseases. It targets the vasculature, connective tissue-producing cells (namely fibroblasts/myofibroblasts), and components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Clinical and pathologic manifestations of SSc are the result of: (1) innate/adaptive immune system abnormalities leading to production of autoantibodies and cell-mediated autoimmunity, (2) microvascular endothelial cell/small vessel fibroproliferative vasculopathy, and (3) fibroblast dysfunction generating excessive accumulation of collagen and other matrix components in skin and internal organs. All three of these processes interact and affect each other. The disease is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation that likely reflects different genetic or triggering factor (i.e., infection or environmental toxin) influences on the immune system, vasculature, and connective tissue cells. The roles played by other ubiquitous molecular entities (such as lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and their diverse receptors and vitamin D) in influencing the immune system, vasculature, and connective tissue cells are just beginning to be realized and studied and may provide insights into new therapeutic approaches to treat SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendra Pattanaik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Monica Brown
- Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Bradley C Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Arnold E Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis, TN , USA
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158
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Evaluation of Local and Systemic Levels of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, and Myeloperoxidase in Response to Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. Inflammation 2015; 38:1959-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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159
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Elshazli R, Settin A. Association of PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis update. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1012-24. [PMID: 25963842 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic background. The genes encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) have been reported to be associated with RA in several ethnic populations. OBJECTIVES This work aims to assess the association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility through an updated meta-analysis of available case-control studies. METHODS A literature search of all relevant studies published from January 2007 up to December 2014 was conducted using Pubmed and Science Direct databases. The observed studies that were related to an association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility were identified. Meta-analysis of the pooled and stratified data was done and assessed using varied genetic models. RESULTS Thirty-seven case-control studies with a total of 47 comparisons (29 for PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism and 18 for STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism) met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an association between PTPN22 T allele, CT+TT and TT genotypes with RA susceptibility. Furthermore, The meta-analysis showed an association between STAT4 T allele, GT+TT and TT genotypes with RA susceptibility. Stratification of RA patients according to ethnic groups showed that PTPN22 T allele, CT+TT genotypes, STAT4 T allele and STAT4 GT+TT were significantly associated with RA in European, Asian, African subjects, while PTPN22 TT genotype was significantly associated with RA in European but not in Asian and African subjects and STAT4 TT genotype was significantly associated with RA in European and Asian but not in African subject. A subgroup analysis according to the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies revealed that the association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility may not be dependent on RF and anti-CCP antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms confers susceptibility to RA in total subjects and in major ethnic groups. The association may not be dependent on RF and anti-CCP antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Settin
- Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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160
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In Ovo Administration of Silver Nanoparticles and/or Amino Acids Influence Metabolism and Immune Gene Expression in Chicken Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9484-503. [PMID: 25923079 PMCID: PMC4463600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their physicochemical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles (NanoAg) have a wide range of applications. In the present study, their roles as a carrier of nutrients and an immunomodulator were tested in chicken embryos. Cysteine (Cys)+NanoAg injected embryos had smaller livers but heavier breasts on the 19th day of embryogenesis. Cys injected embryos had lower oxygen consumption compared to threonine (Thr) or NanoAg injected embryos. The energy expenditure in Thr+NanoAg, or NanoAg injected embryos was higher than Cys or Cys+NanoAg but was not different from uninjected control embryos. Relative expression of the hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene was higher in Cys or NanoAg injected embryos after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. The gene expression of hepatic tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) did not differ among amino acids, NanoAg and uninjected controls in the non-LPS groups, but increased by many folds in the LPS treated NanoAg, Cys and Cys+NanoAg groups. In LPS treated spleens, TNF-α expression was also up-regulated by NanoAg, amino acids and their combinations, but interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was down-regulated in Thr, Cys or Thr+NanoAg injected embryos. Toll like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression did not differ in NanoAg or amino acids injected embryos; however, toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression was higher in all treated embryos, except for Cys+NanoAg, than in uninjected control embryos. We concluded that NanoAg either alone or in combination with amino acids did not affect embryonic growth but improved immunocompetence, indicating that NanoAg and amino acid complexes can act as potential agents for the enhancement of innate and adaptive immunity in chicken.
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161
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology resulting in inflammation of the synovium, cartilage and bone. The disease has a heterogeneous character, consisting of clinical subsets of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive and APCA-negative disease. Although, the pathogenesis of RA is incompletely understood, genetic factors play a vital role in susceptibility to RA as the heritability of RA is between 50 and 60%, with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus accounting for at least 30% of overall genetic risk. Non-HLA genes, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) within the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) have also been investigated for association with RA. Although, some contradictory results have originated from several studies on TNF-α gene, the data published so far indicate the possible existence of TNF-α gene promoter variants that act as markers for disease severity and response to treatment in RA. The correlation of HLA and non-HLA genes within MHC region is apparently interpreted. A considerable number of confirmed associations with RA and other autoimmune disease susceptibility loci including peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT4), cluster of differentiation 244 (CD244) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), located outside the MHC have been reported recently. In this review, we aim to give an update on recent progress in RA genetics, the importance of the combination of HLA-DRB1 alleles, non-HLA gene polymorphism, its detection and autoantibodies as susceptibility markers for early RA disease.
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162
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STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and PTPN22 rs2488457 G/C polymorphisms influence the risk of developing juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Han Chinese patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117389. [PMID: 25781893 PMCID: PMC4363145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by environmental influences along with several predisposing genes in the pathogenesis. The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 4 (STAT4) have been recognized as susceptibility genes for numerous autoimmune diseases. Associations of STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and PTPN22 (rs2488457 G/C and rs2476601 C/T) polymorphisms with JIA have repeatedly been replicated in several Caucasian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three polymorphisms mentioned above on the risk of developing JIA in Han Chinese patients. Genotyping was performed on a total of 137 Chinese patients with JIA (JIA group) and 150 sex and age frequency-matched healthy volunteers (Control group). The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were determined by using direct sequencing of PCR-amplified products. There were significant differences of PTPN22 rs2488457 G/C and STAT4 rs7574865 G/T polymorphisms between both groups. However, no significant difference was observed in distribution frequencies of PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism. The association with the PTPN22 rs2488457 G/C polymorphism remained significant in the stratifications by age at onset, ANA status, splenomegaly, lymphadenectasis and involvement joints. As with the STAT4 rs7574865 G/T polymorphisms, the enthesitis-related arthritis and presence of hepatomegaly had strong effect on the association. Our data strengthen STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and PTPN22 rs2488457 G/C polymorphisms as susceptibility factors for JIA.
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163
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Kottyan L, Kelly JA, Harley JB. Genetics of lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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164
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Baer AN, Hall JC. Sjögren syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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165
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Goedken ER, Argiriadi MA, Banach DL, Fiamengo BA, Foley SE, Frank KE, George JS, Harris CM, Hobson AD, Ihle DC, Marcotte D, Merta PJ, Michalak ME, Murdock SE, Tomlinson MJ, Voss JW. Tricyclic covalent inhibitors selectively target Jak3 through an active site thiol. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4573-4589. [PMID: 25552479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of Janus kinases (JAKs) is required for multiple cytokine signaling pathways, and as such, JAK inhibitors hold promise for treatment of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. However, due to high similarity in the active sites of the four members (Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2), developing selective inhibitors within this family is challenging. We have designed and characterized substituted, tricyclic Jak3 inhibitors that selectively avoid inhibition of the other JAKs. This is accomplished through a covalent interaction between an inhibitor containing a terminal electrophile and an active site cysteine (Cys-909). We found that these ATP competitive compounds are irreversible inhibitors of Jak3 enzyme activity in vitro. They possess high selectivity against other kinases and can potently (IC50 < 100 nm) inhibit Jak3 activity in cell-based assays. These results suggest irreversible inhibitors of this class may be useful selective agents, both as tools to probe Jak3 biology and potentially as therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Goedken
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
| | | | - David L Banach
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Bryan A Fiamengo
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sage E Foley
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Kristine E Frank
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | | | - Adrian D Hobson
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David C Ihle
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Douglas Marcotte
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Philip J Merta
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Mark E Michalak
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sara E Murdock
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | - Jeffrey W Voss
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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166
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Jin J, Chou C, Lima M, Zhou D, Zhou X. Systemic Sclerosis is a Complex Disease Associated Mainly with Immune Regulatory and Inflammatory Genes. Open Rheumatol J 2014; 8:29-42. [PMID: 25328554 PMCID: PMC4200700 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901408010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic and autoimmune disease characterized clinically by skin and internal organ fibrosis and vascular damage, and serologically by the presence of circulating autoantibodies. Although etiopathogenesis is not yet well understood, the results of numerous genetic association studies support genetic contributions as an important factor to SSc. In this paper, the major genes of SSc are reviewed. The most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are taken into account along with robust candidate gene studies. The literature search was performed on genetic association studies of SSc in PubMed between January 2000 and March 2014 while eligible studies generally had over 600 total participants with replication. A few genetic association studies with related functional changes in SSc patients were also included. A total of forty seven genes or specific genetic regions were reported to be associated with SSc, although some are controversial. These genes include HLA genes, STAT4, CD247, TBX21, PTPN22, TNFSF4, IL23R, IL2RA, IL-21, SCHIP1/IL12A, CD226, BANK1, C8orf13-BLK, PLD4, TLR-2, NLRP1, ATG5, IRF5, IRF8, TNFAIP3, IRAK1, NFKB1, TNIP1, FAS, MIF, HGF, OPN, IL-6, CXCL8, CCR6, CTGF, ITGAM, CAV1, MECP2, SOX5, JAZF1, DNASEIL3, XRCC1, XRCC4, PXK, CSK, GRB10, NOTCH4, RHOB, KIAA0319, PSD3 and PSOR1C1. These genes encode proteins mainly involved in immune regulation and inflammation, and some of them function in transcription, kinase activity, DNA cleavage and repair. The discovery of various SSc-associated genes is important in understanding the genetics of SSc and potential pathogenesis that contribute to the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Jin
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA ; Duke University, USA
| | - Chou Chou
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA
| | - Maria Lima
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA ; Rice University, USA
| | - Danielle Zhou
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA ; Washington University, USA
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167
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Jiang X, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Yang H, Ren K. An updated meta-analysis of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) rs7574865 G/T polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis risk in an Asian population. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:477-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.918174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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168
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Dumoitier N, Lofek S, Mouthon L. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis: state of the art in 2014. Presse Med 2014; 43:e267-78. [PMID: 25179277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major work has been done in order to improve the understanding of systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis. A number of new experimental models have been set up, that should help to understand the disease pathogenesis and test new therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species represent a hallmark of the pathogenesis of SSc, both at the fibroblast and at the endothelial cell levels. Although a large number of genetic studies have been conducted, it is still difficult to identify a genetic background specific to SSc, and the major progress in this setting is probably the identification of an interferon signature. Besides endothelial cells and fibroblasts, major development has been made in the understanding of the role of B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of SSc. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of SSc through the secretion of CXCL4, although these data will need to be confirmed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dumoitier
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 8, rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lofek
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 8, rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 8, rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital Cochin, centre de référence pour les vascularites nécrosantes et la sclérodermie systémique, service de médecine interne, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France.
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169
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Transcriptome profiling of CTLs regulated by rapamycin using RNA-Seq. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:625-33. [PMID: 25113844 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Memory programming of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) by inflammatory cytokines can be regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We have shown that inhibition of mTOR during CTL activation leads to the enhancement of memory, but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using high-throughput RNA-Seq, we identified genes and functions in mouse CTLs affected by mTOR inhibition through rapamycin. Of the 43,221 identified transcripts, 184 transcripts were differentially expressed after rapamycin treatment, corresponding to 128 annotated genes. Of these genes, 114 were downregulated and only 14 were upregulated. Most importantly, 50 of them are directly related to cell death and survival. In addition, several genes such as CD62L are related to migration. Furthermore, we predicted downregulation of transcriptional regulators based on the total differentially expressed genes, as well as the subset of apoptosis-related genes. Quantitative PCR confirmed the differential expressions detected in RNA-Seq. We conclude that the regulatory function of rapamycin may work through inhibition of multiple genes related to apoptosis and migration, which enhance CTL survival into memory.
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170
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Deng Y, Chu J, Ren Y, Fan Z, Ji X, Mundy-Bosse B, Yuan S, Hughes T, Zhang J, Cheema B, Camardo AT, Xia Y, Wu LC, Wang LS, He X, Kinghorn AD, Li X, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The natural product phyllanthusmin C enhances IFN-γ production by human NK cells through upregulation of TLR-mediated NF-κB signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2994-3002. [PMID: 25122922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are a major source for cancer drug development. NK cells are a critical component of innate immunity with the capacity to destroy cancer cells, cancer-initiating cells, and clear viral infections. However, few reports describe a natural product that stimulates NK cell IFN-γ production and unravel a mechanism of action. In this study, through screening, we found that a natural product, phyllanthusmin C (PL-C), alone enhanced IFN-γ production by human NK cells. PL-C also synergized with IL-12, even at the low cytokine concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, and stimulated IFN-γ production in both human CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cell subsets. Mechanistically, TLR1 and/or TLR6 mediated PL-C's activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit that in turn bound to the proximal promoter of IFNG and subsequently resulted in increased IFN-γ production in NK cells. However, IL-12 and IL-15Rs and their related STAT signaling pathways were not responsible for the enhanced IFN-γ secretion by PL-C. PL-C induced little or no T cell IFN-γ production or NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, we identify a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance human NK cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in immune surveillance, additional studies to understand the role of this natural product in prevention of cancer or infection in select populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Deng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Zhijin Fan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaotian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Shunzong Yuan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Baljash Cheema
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Andrew T Camardo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
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171
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Chen SY, Chen CH, Huang YC, Chan CJ, Chen DC, Tsai FJ. Genetic susceptibility to idiopathic membranous nephropathy in high-prevalence Area, Taiwan. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2014; 4:9. [PMID: 25520922 PMCID: PMC4265015 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-014-0009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) is one common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults; 25% of MN patients proceed to end-stage renal disease. In adults, membranous nephropathy is a lead cause of nephrotic syndrome, with about 75% of the cases idiopathic. Secondary causes include autoimmune disease, infection, drugs and malignancy. Three hypotheses about pathogenesis have surfaced: preformed immune complex, in situ immune complex formation, and auto-antibody against podocyte membrane antigen. Pathogenesis does involve immune complex formation with later deposition in sub-epithelial sites, but definite mechanism is still unknown. Several genes were recently proven associated with primary membranous nephropathy in Taiwan: IL-6, NPHS1, TLR-4, TLR-9, STAT4, and MYH9 . These may provide a useful tool for diagnosis and prognosis. This article reviews epidemiology and lends new information on KIRREL2 (rs443186 and rs447707) polymorphisms as underlying causes of MN; polymorphisms revealed by this study warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chan
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Chung Chen
- Taiwan LandSeed Hospital, Pingjen City, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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172
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Zanin V, Marcuzzi A, Kleiner G, Piscianz E, Monasta L, Zacchigna S, Crovella S, Zauli G. Lovastatin dose-dependently potentiates the pro-inflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide both in vitro and in vivo. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 6:981-8. [PMID: 23959762 PMCID: PMC3838599 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since contradictory findings have been reported on potential effects of statins in modulating the inflammatory response, we have analysed the biological activity of lovastatin both in vitro using the Raw 264.7 murine macrophagic cell line and in vivo using BALB/c mice. When added to Raw 264.7 cells in combination with lipopolysaccharide, lovastatin significantly potentiated the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 with respect to lipopolysaccharide alone and showed an additive effect on the release of nitric oxide. Similarly, when lovastatin was intraperitoneally administrated to BALB/c mice, it did not induce any pro-inflammatory effect when used alone, but it significantly potentiated the pro-inflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide, in terms of number of intraperitoneal cells and serum levels of serum amyloid A, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12. A potential clinical implication of our study is that lovastatin might exert a pro-inflammatory activity in subjects affected by inflammatory processes, with clinically evident or subclinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zanin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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173
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Mirkazemi S, Akbarian M, Jamshidi AR, Mansouri R, Ghoroghi S, Salimi Y, Tahmasebi Z, Mahmoudi M. Association of STAT4 rs7574865 with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Iranian population. Inflammation 2014; 36:1548-52. [PMID: 23912645 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with complex genetic inheritance that affecting different organs and systems. STAT4 has been newly identified as a susceptible gene in the development of SLE. According to recent studies, STAT4 has been associated with SLE in various populations. We investigated whether STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with susceptibility and clinical features of SLE in Iranian patients. The study group comprised 280 patients with SLE and 281 sex-, age-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls of Iranian ancestry. Two SNPs (rs7574865 and rs7601754) were genotyped using the TaqMan MGB Allelic Discrimination method. Our results showed a significant association between rs7574865 T allele (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95 % CI = 1.18-1.92, P = 0.002) and susceptibility to SLE. The rs7574865TT genotype (P = 0.02, OR = 1.94, 95 % CI = 1.74-3.19) and GT genotype (P = 0.008, OR = 1.71, 95 % CI = 1.19-2.45) showed a significant association with the risk of SLE in the Iranian population. We concluded that STAT4 rs7574865 is associated with SLE susceptibility in the Iranian population and this SNP might be a factor in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, further studies are required to investigate the mechanism by which polymorphisms in this gene lead to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Mirkazemi
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Yazd, Iran
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174
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Yan N, Meng S, Zhou J, Xu J, Muhali FS, Jiang W, Shi L, Shi X, Zhang J. Association between STAT4 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid diseases in a Chinese population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12280-93. [PMID: 25019342 PMCID: PMC4139844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT4 gene encodes a transcriptional factor that transmits signals induced by several key cytokines which play important roles in the development of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association of STAT4 polymorphism with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). A total of 1048 autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) patients (693 with GD and 355 with HT) and 909 age- and gender-matched controls were examined. STAT4 polymorphisms (rs7574865/rs10181656/rs7572482) were genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase detection reaction (LDR). The results indicated that the frequencies of rs7574865 genotypes in patients with GD differed significantly from the controls (p = 0.028), the T allele frequency of GD patients was also significantly higher than the controls (p = 0.020). The genotypes of rs10181656 differed significantly in GD patients from controls (p = 0.012); G allele frequencies were significantly higher in AITD patients than the controls (p = 0.014 and 0.031, respectively). The frequencies of haplotype GC with GD and HT patients were significantly lower than their controls (p = 0.015 and 0.030, respectively). In contrast, the frequencies of haplotype TG with GD and HT patients were significantly higher than their controls (p = 0.016 and 0.048, respectively). These findings strongly suggest that STAT4 rs7574865/rs10181656 polymorphisms increase the risk of AITD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Jiaozhen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Fatuma Said Muhali
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Liangfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
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175
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Freeman BE, Meyer C, Slifka MK. Anti-inflammatory cytokines directly inhibit innate but not adaptive CD8+ T cell functions. J Virol 2014; 88:7474-84. [PMID: 24741101 PMCID: PMC4054413 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00658-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells provide classical adaptive immunity by responding to cognate peptide antigen, but they may also act in an "innate" capacity by responding directly to cytokine stimulation. Here, we examined regulation of these distinct T cell functions by anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-10, and transforming growth factor β [TGF-β]). Innate gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by CD8(+) T cells following exposure to IL-12 plus IL-18, IL-12 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or IL-12 plus IL-15 was inhibited by exposure to anti-inflammatory cytokines either before or shortly after stimulation. However, inhibition was not universal, as other activation parameters, including upregulation of CD25 and CD69, remained largely unaltered. In contrast, peptide-specific T cell responses were resistant to inhibition by anti-inflammatory cytokines. This was not due to downregulation of cytokine receptor expression or an inability to signal through cytokine receptors since phosphorylation of STAT proteins remained intact. These results highlight key differences in cytokine-mediated regulation of innate and adaptive T cell functions, which may help balance effective antiviral immune responses while reducing T cell-mediated immunopathology. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates key differences between the regulation of "innate" and "adaptive" CD8(+) T cell functions following activation by innate cytokines or viral peptide. Innate production of IFN-γ by CD8(+) T cells following exposure to IL-12 plus IL-18, IL-12 plus TNF-α, or IL-12 plus IL-15 was inhibited by exposure to anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β). However, inhibition was not universal, as other activation parameters, including upregulation of CD25 and CD69, remained largely unaltered. In contrast, peptide-specific T cell responses were resistant to inhibition by anti-inflammatory cytokines. This distinct regulation of innate and adaptive T cell functions may serve to reduce T cell-mediated immunopathology while still allowing for effective antiviral responses at a site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey E Freeman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Christine Meyer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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176
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Settin A, Salama A, Elshazli R. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) G>T gene polymorphism in Egyptian cases with rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:863-6. [PMID: 24979672 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) has been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in several populations. This work aimed at assessing the association of STAT4 G>T gene polymorphism with the susceptibility, activity and functional disability of RA in Egyptian subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 112 unrelated RA Egyptian patients who were compared to 122 healthy unrelated individuals taken from the same locality. For all subjects, DNA was genotyped for STAT4 G>T (rs7574865) polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP technique. Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Cases showed a significantly higher frequency of the STAT4 T allele carriage (GT+TT genotypes) compared to controls (51.8% vs. 31.1%, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.39-4.05, p = 0.001). Also the frequency of the STAT4 T allele was significantly higher among cases compared to controls (30.4% vs. 16.8%, OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.39-3.35, p = 0.001). Cases positive to the STAT4 T allele (GT+TT genotypes) showed no significant difference compared to those with the GG genotype regarding their clinical and immune parameters. Nonetheless, they showed a more functional disability presented in their significantly higher health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study gives an extra evidence to the association of the STAT4 T allele with the susceptibility and functional disability of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Settin
- Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Afrah Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rami Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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177
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Wubetu GY, Utsunomiya T, Ishikawa D, Yamada S, Ikemoto T, Morine Y, Iwahashi S, Saito Y, Arakawa Y, Imura S, Kanamoto M, Zhu C, Bando Y, Shimada M. High STAT4 expression is a better prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S721-8. [PMID: 24965572 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) mediates the intracellular effects of interleukin-12, leading to the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and natural killer cells cytotoxicity. However, the clinical significance of STAT4 expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains virtually unknown. METHODS A total of 66 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine STAT4 and IFNG mRNA expression levels. Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry was performed to examine CD8(+) T cells, STAT4, and INF-γ proteins. RESULTS STAT4 was differentially expressed in tumor and nontumor tissues (P = 0.001) and positively correlated with IFNG expression (R (2) = 0.506, P < 0.05) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration (R (2) = 0.53, P < 0.001). Significant correlations were observed between STAT4 expression and tumor TNM stage (P = 0.043), hepatic venous invasion (P = 0.003), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (P = 0.011), tumor size (P = 0.036), and tumor differentiation (P = 0.034). Patients with high STAT4 expression had significantly better recurrence-free survival (P = 0.009). Low STAT4 expression (P = 0.030) and presence of portal venous invasion or hepatic venous invasion (P = 0.006) were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of STAT4 in HCC indicated aggressive tumor behavior and predicted a worse clinical outcome. STAT4 might be a useful biomarker to identify patients at high risk of recurrence after hepatectomy.
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178
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Huang H, Li Y, Qi X. Cytokine signaling in the differentiation of innate effector cells. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e23531. [PMID: 24058796 PMCID: PMC3670272 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate effector cells, including innate effector cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are crucial components of various types of immune responses. Bone marrow progenitors differentiate into many subsets of innate effector cells after receiving instructional signals often provided by cytokines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) have been shown to be essential in the differentiation of various types of innate effector cells. In this review, we focus specifically on the differentiation of innate effector cells, particularly the role of cytokine signaling in the differentiation of innate effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver, CO USA ; Integrated Department of Immunology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Denver, CO USA
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179
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Lv L, Meng Q, Ye M, Wang P, Xue G. STAT4 deficiency protects against neointima formation following arterial injury in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:284-94. [PMID: 24933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) has been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Intriguingly, we previously reported that STAT4 might play a critical role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The present study therefore investigated the impact of STAT4 on VSMC migration, apoptosis and neointimal hyperplasia postinjury, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Guide-wire injury was associated with development of intimal neointima, STAT4 and phosphorylated STAT4 (p-STAT4) expressions were apparently up-regulated in the injured arteries. Neointima was greatly blocked in STAT4 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. A marked loss of inflammatory cells was identified in the vasculature postinjury in STAT4 KO mice. VSMC apoptosis was enhanced in the vasculature postinjury in STAT4 KO mice compared with WT mice. Cultured primary STAT4 KO VSMCs displayed reduced migration in comparison with WT controls. Mechanically, the deletion of STAT4 potently decreased the level of MCP-1, and its downstream targets MMP1 and MMP2. The effect of STAT4 on VSMC apoptosis was mainly mediated by the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as manifested by increased cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3. STAT4 therefore represents a promising molecular target to limit restenosis after artery intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Qiurong Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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180
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STAT4 deficiency fails to induce lung Th2 or Th17 immunity following primary or secondary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge but enhances the lung RSV-specific CD8+ T cell immune response to secondary challenge. J Virol 2014; 88:9655-72. [PMID: 24920804 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03299-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immune-mediated lung injury is a hallmark of lower respiratory tract illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). STAT4 plays a critical role in CD4+ Th1 lineage differentiation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) protein expression by CD4+ T cells. As CD4+ Th1 differentiation is associated with negative regulation of CD4+ Th2 and Th17 differentiation, we hypothesized that RSV infection of STAT4-/- mice would result in enhanced lung Th2 and Th17 inflammation and impaired lung Th1 inflammation compared to wild-type (WT) mice. We performed primary and secondary RSV challenges in WT and STAT4-/- mice and used STAT1-/- mice as a positive control for the development of RSV-specific lung Th2 and Th17 inflammation during primary challenge. Primary RSV challenge of STAT4-/- mice resulted in decreased T-bet and IFN-γ expression levels in CD4+ T cells compared to those of WT mice. Lung Th2 and Th17 inflammation did not develop in primary RSV-challenged STAT4-/- mice. Decreased IFN-γ expression by NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells was associated with attenuated weight loss and enhanced viral clearance with primary challenge in STAT4-/- mice compared to WT mice. Following secondary challenge, WT and STAT4-/- mice also did not develop lung Th2 or Th17 inflammation. In contrast to primary challenge, secondary RSV challenge of STAT4-/- mice resulted in enhanced weight loss, an increased lung IFN-γ expression level, and an increased lung RSV-specific CD8+ T cell response compared to those of WT mice. These data demonstrate that STAT4 regulates the RSV-specific CD8+ T cell response to secondary infection but does not independently regulate lung Th2 or Th17 immune responses to RSV challenge. IMPORTANCE STAT4 is a protein critical for both innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. Our results show that STAT4 regulates the immune response to primary and secondary challenge with RSV but does not restrain RSV-induced lung Th2 or Th17 immune responses. These findings suggest that STAT4 expression may influence lung immunity and severity of illness following primary and secondary RSV infections.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION STAT4, which acts as the major signaling transducing STATs in response to IL-12, is a central mediator in generating inflammation during protective immune responses and immune-mediated diseases. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes that STAT4 is essential for the differentiation and function of a wide variety of immune cells, including natural killer cells, mast cells, dendritic cells and T helper cells. In addition, STAT4-mediated signaling promoted the production of autoimmune-associated components, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and psoriasis. EXPERT OPINION Due to its crucial roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, STAT4 may have promise as an effective therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving STAT4, together with knowledge on the ability of current immunosuppressive treatment to target this process, may open an avenue to novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Anhui Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Anhui, PR China
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Tausend W, Downing C, Tyring S. Systematic Review of Interleukin-12, Interleukin-17, and Interleukin-23 Pathway Inhibitors for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg 2014; 18:156-69. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2013.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibodies known as biologic agents specifically targeted against interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-17A (IL-17), and interleukin-23 (IL-23) have been the focus of research for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis in recent years. Objectives: To discuss the immune-mediated model of psoriasis and to summarize current knowledge of the clinical efficacy and safety of new biologic agents for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles on ustekinumab, briakinumab, tildrakizumab (MK-322), guselkumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab published between January 2005 and July 2013. Results: Fifty-five articles were identified. These studies suggest that the biologic agents specifically targeting IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23 are efficacious and safe in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in adults. Conclusion: Current data from clinical trials suggest that biologic agents targeting IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23 are safe and efficacious drugs for use in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Long-term data still need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tausend
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Dermatology, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher Downing
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Dermatology, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Tyring
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
- Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Dermatology, Houston, TX
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183
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Affiliation(s)
- George F. Mells
- Academic Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeBox 238 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills RoadCambridgeCB2 0QQUnited Kingdom
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184
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IL-18, but not IL-12, induces production of IFN-γ in the immunosuppressive environment of HPV16 E7 transgenic hyperplastic skin. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2562-2569. [PMID: 24756108 PMCID: PMC4165718 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ plays a central role in the defense against infections and cancer. More recently, however, IFN-γ has also been reported to have immunosuppressive effects in models of autoimmune disease, melanoma and premalignant skin disease. While IL-12 and IL-18 are critical inducers of IFN-γ during infection, the mechanisms that induce IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive context are unknown. Previously, we identified a key role for IFN-γ in mediating the suppression of antigen-specific immune responses in a transgenic mouse model of HPV-associated epidermal hyperplasia, driven by expression of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein from a keratin 14 promoter (K14E7). We now demonstrate elevated production of IFN-γ, IL-18 and IL-12 by K14E7 transgenic compared to non-transgenic skin. IFN-γ in K14E7 transgenic skin was produced predominantly by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, which were present in greater number in K14E7 transgenic skin. Production of IFN-γ in K14E7 skin required IL-18 but not IL-12. Our findings show that IL-18 contributes to inducing IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive cutaneous environment caused by viral oncogene-driven hyperplasia.
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185
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Ohira H, Watanabe H. Pathophysiology and recent findings of primary biliary cirrhosis complicated by systemic sclerosis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:377-83. [PMID: 24308674 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) can be complicated by systemic sclerosis (SSc) and, more specifically, limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), which was previously called CREST syndrome. Moreover, combined PBC and SSc has been described in many case reports. Although neither the etiology of PBC nor that of SSc has been elucidated, some genetic and immunological factors are known to be shared. Both disorders are autoimmune fibrotic diseases characterized by increased levels of profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin-6, which have recently been suggested to influence T-helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells involved in acquired immunity. lcSSc is accompanied by CREST symptoms, although complete CREST cases are rare, with relatively high prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia, and lower prevalence of calcinosis and esophageal dysmotility. Because patients with anticentromere antibody positive PBC-SSc are at a high risk of developing portal hypertension, particular attention should be paid to the management of gastroesophageal varices. In addition, the management of SSc-related non-hepatic disorders, such as pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, heart disorder, infection and malignancy, is also important for improved outcomes. Because PBC is often complicated by rheumatic disease, hepatologists should keep the possibility of systemic disorder in mind when examining PBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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186
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Kramer JM. Early events in Sjögren's Syndrome pathogenesis: the importance of innate immunity in disease initiation. Cytokine 2014; 67:92-101. [PMID: 24656928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that primarily affects women. Patients with SS experience dry eyes and dry mouth in addition to systemic disease manifestations, including arthritis, peripheral neuropathy and pulmonary fibrosis. As in many autoimmune diseases, the inciting factors that precipitate SS are poorly understood. Patients with SS have periductal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal tissue, and this is a hallmark of disease. While this infiltration is well characterized, the pathologic events that precede and cause this inflammatory cell recruitment are unknown. Although few studies have examined SS salivary tissue prior to disease onset, there is strong evidence for innate immune hyperactivity. Accordingly, processes such as apoptosis of glandular tissue, heightened inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation are described in early disease and are each linked to innate immune activation in murine models of disease and SS patients. This review will explore the relationship between innate immunity and SS pathogenesis prior to overt disease onset and discuss therapeutic strategies to mitigate disease progression in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, 211 Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
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187
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Sugiura T, Kawaguchi Y, Goto K, Hayashi Y, Gono T, Furuya T, Nishino I, Yamanaka H. Association between a C8orf13-BLK polymorphism and polymyositis/dermatomyositis in the Japanese population: an additive effect with STAT4 on disease susceptibility. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90019. [PMID: 24632671 PMCID: PMC3954551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that several non-HLA genes are involved in the susceptibility to polymyositis/dermatomyositis. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of C8orf13–BLK, one of the strongest candidate genes for autoimmune diseases, in susceptibility to polymyositis/dermatomyositis in the Japanese population. A possible gene–gene interaction between C8orf13–BLK and STAT4, which we recently showed to be associated with Japanese polymyositis/dermatomyositis, was also analyzed. Methods A single-nucleotide polymorphism in C8orf13–BLK (dbSNP ID: rs13277113) was investigated in the Japanese population using a TaqMan assay in 283 polymyositis patients, 194 dermatomyositis patients, and 656 control subjects. Results The C8orf13–BLK rs13277113A allele was associated with overall polymyositis/dermatomyositis (P<0.001, odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.73), as well as polymyositis (P = 0.011, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06–1.64) and dermatomyositis (P<0.001, OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.26–2.12). No association was observed between the C8orf13–BLK rs13277113A allele and either interstitial lung disease or anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity. The C8orf13–BLK rs13277113 A and STAT4 rs7574865 T alleles had an additive effect on polymyositis/dermatomyositis susceptibility. The strongest association was observed in dermatomyositis, with an OR of 3.07 (95% CI; 1.57–6.02) for the carriers of four risk alleles at the two SNP sites, namely, rs1327713 and rs7574865. Conclusions This study established C8orf13–BLK as a new genetic susceptibility factor for polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Both C8orf13–BLK and STAT4 exert additive effects on disease susceptibility. These observations suggested that C8orf13–BLK, in combination with STAT4, plays a pivotal role in creating genetic susceptibility to polymyositis/dermatomyositis in Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sugiura
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kanako Goto
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Gono
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Furuya
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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188
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Su Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Wang S, Wang T, Jiang Q, Liu X, Li X, Huang C, Jia R, Lu X, Guo J, Li Z. Association of STAT4 gene polymorphism with increased susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis in a northern Chinese Han subpopulation. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 16:178-84. [PMID: 23773642 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have reported STAT4 polymorphism is strongly associated with increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a study from China showed no association between STAT4 and RA susceptibility in a Chinese Han subpopulation. Since the northern Hans are known to be genetically different from the southern Hans, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of STAT4 polymorphism with RA in a large cohort of a northern Chinese Han subpopulation. METHODS 640 RA patients and 662 healthy controls were enrolled. DNA samples were genotyped for STAT4 rs7574865 by direct sequencing. The association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7574865 with RA susceptibility was calculated and the relationship between rs7574865 polymorphism and RA subgroups stratified by clinical features was estimated. RESULTS We confirmed a significant association of STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism with RA susceptibility in northern Chinese Han population. The frequency of the minor T allele in RA was significantly higher than in healthy controls (35.2% vs. 31.1%; P = 0.029, OR 1.2 [95% CI 1.02-1.41]). There was also a significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes of SNP rs7574865 between RA patients and healthy controls (P = 0.02). Stratification analyses showed no associations between the genetic risk and clinical/serologic features, but a potential high frequency of TT genotype in a rheumatoid factor-negative subgroup, although it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.084, OR 2.01 [95% CI 0.91-4.45]). CONCLUSION STAT4 rs7574865 is significantly associated with RA susceptibility in northern Chinese Han subpopulations. The genetic differences of Han subpopulations should be considered when genetic susceptibility for diseases is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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189
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Kumar J, Ward AC. Role of the interleukin 6 receptor family in epithelial ovarian cancer and its clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:117-25. [PMID: 24388871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with few effective treatment options in most cases. Therefore, understanding the biology of ovarian cancer remains an important area of research in order to improve clinical outcomes. Cytokine receptor signaling through the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an essential component of normal development and homeostasis. However, numerous studies have implicated perturbation of this pathway in a range of cancers. In particular, members of the IL-6R family acting via the downstream STAT3 transcription factor play an important role in a number of solid tumors - including ovarian cancer - by altering the expression of target genes that impact on key phenotypes. This has led to the development of specific inhibitors of this pathway which are being used in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents. This review focuses on the role of IL-6R family members in the etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer, and the application of therapies specifically targeting IL-6R signaling in this disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Kumar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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190
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Carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary granulomatous disease: Twist1 and alveolar macrophage M1 activation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23858-71. [PMID: 24322444 PMCID: PMC3876082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown cause, has been linked to several environmental risk factors, among which are some that may favor carbon nanotube formation. Using gene array data, we initially observed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from sarcoidosis patients displayed elevated mRNA of the transcription factor, Twist1, among many M1-associated genes compared to healthy controls. Based on this observation we hypothesized that Twist1 mRNA and protein expression might become elevated in alveolar macrophages from animals bearing granulomas induced by carbon nanotube instillation. To address this hypothesis, wild-type and macrophage-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) knock out mice were given oropharyngeal instillation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). BAL cells obtained 60 days later exhibited significantly elevated Twist1 mRNA expression in granuloma-bearing wild-type or PPARγ knock out alveolar macrophages compared to sham controls. Overall, Twist1 expression levels in PPARγ knock out mice were higher than those of wild-type. Concurrently, BAL cells obtained from sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls validated gene array data: qPCR and protein analysis showed significantly elevated Twist1 in sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls. In vitro studies of alveolar macrophages from healthy controls indicated that Twist1 was inducible by classical (M1) macrophage activation stimuli (LPS, TNFα) but not by IL-4, an inducer of alternative (M2) macrophage activation. Findings suggest that Twist1 represents a PPARγ-sensitive alveolar macrophage M1 biomarker which is induced by inflammatory granulomatous disease in the MWCNT model and in human sarcoidosis.
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191
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Premachandra HKA, Elvitigala DAS, Bathige SDNK, Whang I, Lee Y, De Zoysa M, Lee J. Genomic structure and immunological response of an STAT4 family member from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1829-1837. [PMID: 24055510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway plays a critical role in host defense against viral and bacterial infections. STAT proteins are a group of transcription factors that translocate into the nucleus and are critical for the induction of many genes crucial for the allergic cascade and immune defense. In the present study, a member of the STAT4 family was identified from rock bream (RbSTAT4) at the genomic level, and its transcriptional regulation in response to different pathological stimuli under in vivo conditions was investigated. The genomic sequence of RbSTAT4 is approximately 15.6 kb in length, including a putative core promoter region and 24 exons interrupted by 23 introns. Bioinformatics analysis of RbSTAT4 identified the presence of typical and conserved features of the STAT4 family, including the STAT_int domain, STAT alpha domain, STAT bind domain, linker domain, SH2 domain, and transcriptional activation domain. According to the phylogenetic analysis, RbSTAT4 exhibited the closest evolutionary proximity with the STAT4 member from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). The RbSTAT4 transcript in healthy rock breams was detected to have ubiquitous expression in 11 different tissues examined, where liver and spleen tissues showed moderate expressions compared with the highest expression level detected in gill tissue. The time-course in vivo immune stimulation of rock bream with lipopolysaccharide, poly I:C, live Edwardsiella tarda, and rock bream iridovirus caused significant transcriptional regulation of the RbSTAT4 expression in gill, head kidney, and spleen tissues, suggesting that RbSTAT4 is involved in immune regulation mechanisms and/or signaling cascades, orchestrating against both bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K A Premachandra
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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192
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Eva MM, Yuki KE, Dauphinee SM, Schwartzentruber JA, Pyzik M, Paquet M, Lathrop M, Majewski J, Vidal SM, Malo D. Altered IFN-γ-mediated immunity and transcriptional expression patterns in N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced STAT4 mutants confer susceptibility to acute typhoid-like disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:259-70. [PMID: 24285835 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a ubiquitous Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that continues to pose a global challenge to human health. The etiology of Salmonella pathogenesis is complex and controlled by pathogen, environmental, and host genetic factors. In fact, patients immunodeficient in genes in the IL-12, IL-23/IFN-γ pathway are predisposed to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection. Using a forward genomics approach by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) germline mutagenesis in mice, we identified the Ity14 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 14) pedigree exhibiting increased susceptibility following in vivo Salmonella challenge. A DNA-binding domain mutation (p.G418_E445) in Stat4 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 4) was the causative mutation. STAT4 signals downstream of IL-12 to mediate transcriptional regulation of inflammatory immune responses. In mutant Ity14 mice, the increased splenic and hepatic bacterial load resulted from an intrinsic defect in innate cell function, IFN-γ-mediated immunity, and disorganized granuloma formation. We further show that NK and NKT cells play an important role in mediating control of Salmonella in Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice. Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice had increased expression of genes involved in cell-cell interactions and communication, as well as increased CD11b expression on a subset of splenic myeloid dendritic cells, resulting in compromised recruitment of inflammatory cells to the spleen during Salmonella infection. Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) presented upregulated compensatory mechanisms, although inefficient and ultimately Stat4(Ity14/Ity14) mice develop fatal bacteremia. The following study further elucidates the pathophysiological impact of STAT4 during Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Eva
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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193
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Prostaglandin E₂ promotes Th1 differentiation via synergistic amplification of IL-12 signalling by cAMP and PI3-kinase. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1685. [PMID: 23575689 PMCID: PMC3644078 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 1 (Th1) cells have critical roles in various autoimmune and proinflammatory diseases. cAMP has long been believed to act as a suppressor of IFN-γ production and Th1 cell-mediated immune inflammation. Here we show that cAMP actively promotes Th1 differentiation by inducing gene expression of cytokine receptors involved in this process. PGE2 signalling through EP2/EP4 receptors mobilizes the cAMP-PKA pathway, which induces CREB- and its co-activator CRTC2-mediated transcription of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γR1. Meanwhile, cAMP-mediated suppression of T-cell receptor signalling is overcome by simultaneous activation of PI3-kinase through EP2/EP4 and/or CD28. Loss of EP4 in T cells restricts expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γR1, and attenuates Th1 cell-mediated inflammation in vivo. These findings clarify the molecular mechanisms and pathological contexts of cAMP-mediated Th1 differentiation and have clinical and therapeutic implications for deployment of cAMP modulators as immunoregulatory drugs.
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194
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Lessard CJ, Li H, Adrianto I, Ice JA, Rasmussen A, Grundahl KM, Kelly JA, Dozmorov MG, Miceli-Richard C, Bowman S, Lester S, Eriksson P, Eloranta ML, Brun JG, Gøransson LG, Harboe E, Guthridge JM, Kaufman KM, Kvarnström M, Jazebi H, Cunninghame Graham DS, Grandits ME, Nazmul-Hossain ANM, Patel K, Adler AJ, Maier-Moore JS, Farris AD, Brennan MT, Lessard JA, Chodosh J, Gopalakrishnan R, Hefner KS, Houston GD, Huang AJW, Hughes PJ, Lewis DM, Radfar L, Rohrer MD, Stone DU, Wren JD, Vyse TJ, Gaffney PM, James JA, Omdal R, Wahren-Herlenius M, Illei GG, Witte T, Jonsson R, Rischmueller M, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G, Ng WF, Mariette X, Anaya JM, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Scofield RH, Montgomery CG, Harley JB, Sivils KL. Variants at multiple loci implicated in both innate and adaptive immune responses are associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1284-92. [PMID: 24097067 PMCID: PMC3867192 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome is a common autoimmune disease (~0.7% of European Americans) typically presenting as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. In addition to strong association within the HLA region at 6p21 (Pmeta=7.65×10−114), we establish associations with IRF5-TNPO3 (Pmeta=2.73×10−19), STAT4 (Pmeta=6.80×10−15), IL12A (Pmeta =1.17×10−10), FAM167A-BLK (Pmeta=4.97×10−10), DDX6-CXCR5 (Pmeta=1.10×10−8), and TNIP1 (Pmeta=3.30×10−8). Suggestive associations with Pmeta<5×10−5 were observed with 29 regions including TNFAIP3, PTTG1, PRDM1, DGKQ, FCGR2A, IRAK1BP1, ITSN2, and PHIP amongst others. These results highlight the importance of genes involved in both innate and adaptive immunity in Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lessard
- 1] Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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195
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Novel insights into autoimmune liver diseases provided by genome-wide association studies. J Autoimmun 2013; 46:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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196
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Reich NC. STATs get their move on. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e27080. [PMID: 24470978 PMCID: PMC3891633 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate dynamic localization of a protein within a cell can provide critical insight to its functional molecular interactions. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) play essential roles in development, proliferation, and immune defense. However the consequences of STAT hyperactivity can predispose to diseases including autoimmunity and cancer. To function as transcription factors STATs must gain access to the nucleus, and knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate STAT nuclear trafficking can provide a means to control STAT action. This review presents a synopsis of some of the studies that address the nuclear dynamics of the STAT proteins. Evidence suggests that not all STATs are the same. Nuclear import of STAT1 and STAT4 appears linked to their tyrosine phosphorylation and the formation of parallel dimers via reciprocal phosphotyrosine and Src homology 2 domain interactions. This dimer arrangement generates a conformational nuclear localization signal. STAT2 is imported continually to the nucleus in an unphosphorylated state due to its association with IRF9, but the dominant nuclear export signal of STAT2 shuttles the complex back to the cytoplasm. Following STAT2 tyrosine phosphorylation, it can form dimers with STAT1 to affect nuclear import as the trimeric complex (ISGF3). Distinctly, STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6 are continually imported to the nucleus independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutational studies indicate the nuclear localization signals in these STATs require the conformational structure of their coiled-coil domains. Increases in STAT nuclear accumulation following cytokine stimulation appear coordinate with their ability to bind DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Reich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook, NY USA
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197
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Laska MJ, Troldborg A, Hansen B, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, Nexø BA, Voss A. Polymorphisms within Toll-like receptors are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a cohort of Danish females. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:48-55. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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198
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Li H, Ice JA, Lessard CJ, Sivils KL. Interferons in Sjögren's Syndrome: Genes, Mechanisms, and Effects. Front Immunol 2013; 4:290. [PMID: 24062752 PMCID: PMC3778845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a common, progressive autoimmune exocrinopathy distinguished by dry eyes and mouth and affects ∼0.7% of the European population. Overexpression of transcripts induced by interferons (IFN), termed as an “IFN signature,” has been found in SS patients. Four microarray studies have been published in SS that identified dysregulated genes within type I IFN signaling in either salivary glands or peripheral blood of SS patients. The mechanism of this type I IFN activation is still obscure, but several possible explanations have been proposed, including virus infection-initiated and immune complex-initiated type I IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Genetic predisposition to increased type I IFN signaling is supported by candidate gene studies showing evidence for association of variants within IFN-related genes. Once activated, IFN signaling may contribute to numerous aspects of SS pathophysiology, including lymphocyte infiltration into exocrine glands, autoantibody production, and glandular cell apoptosis. Thus, dysregulation of IFN pathways is an important feature that can be potentially used as a serum biomarker for diagnosis and targeting of new treatments in this complex autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
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199
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Association of IRF5 polymorphism with MPO–ANCA-positive vasculitis in a Japanese population. Genes Immun 2013; 14:527-9. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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200
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Migita K, Nakamura M, Abiru S, Jiuchi Y, Nagaoka S, Komori A, Hashimoto S, Bekki S, Yamasaki K, Komatsu T, Shimada M, Kouno H, Hijioka T, Kohjima M, Nakamuta M, Kato M, Yoshizawa K, Ohta H, Nakamura Y, Takezaki E, Nishimura H, Sato T, Ario K, Hirashima N, Oohara Y, Naganuma A, Muro T, Sakai H, Mita E, Sugi K, Yamashita H, Makita F, Yatsuhashi H, Ishibashi H, Yasunami M. Association of STAT4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to type-1 autoimmune hepatitis in the Japanese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71382. [PMID: 23990947 PMCID: PMC3750035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Recent studies demonstrated an association of STAT4 polymorphisms with autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, indicating multiple autoimmune diseases share common susceptibility genes. We therefore investigated the influence of STAT4 polymorphisms on the susceptibility and phenotype of type-1 autoimmune hepatitis in a Japanese National Hospital Organization (NHO) AIH multicenter cohort study. Methodology/Principal Findings Genomic DNA from 460 individuals of Japanese origin including 230 patients with type-1 autoimmune hepatitis and 230 healthy controls was analyzed for two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the STAT4 gene (rs7574865, rs7582694). The STAT4 rs7574865T allele conferred risk for type-1 autoimmune hepatitis (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.23–2.11; P = 0.001), and patients without accompanying autoimmune diseases exhibited an association with the rs7574865T allele (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.13–1.99; P = 0.005). Detailed genotype-phenotype analysis of type-1 autoimmune hepatitis patients with (n = 44) or without liver cirrhosis (n = 186) demonstrated that rs7574865 was not associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and phenotype (biochemical data and the presence of auto-antibodies). Conclusions/Significance This is the first study to show a positive association between a STAT4 polymorphism and type-1 autoimmune hepatitis, suggesting that autoimmune hepatitis shares a gene commonly associated with risk for other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Migita
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Seigo Abiru
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Jiuchi
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagaoka
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Komori
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigemune Bekki
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yamasaki
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Komatsu
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shimada
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kouno
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taizo Hijioka
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kohjima
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michio Kato
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaname Yoshizawa
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohta
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Takezaki
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideo Nishimura
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sato
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ario
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Hirashima
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Oohara
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toyokichi Muro
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakai
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Mita
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugi
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Fujio Makita
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Ishibashi
- NHO-AIH Study Group, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michio Yasunami
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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