151
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Davis KM, Bitting AL, Wright DW. On-particle detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II by a “switch-on” iridium(III) probe. Anal Biochem 2014; 445:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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152
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Sanader Ž, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Bellina B, Antoine R, Dugourd P. The nature of electronic excitations at the metal–bioorganic interface illustrated on histidine–silver hybrids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1257-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52712c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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153
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Lohar S, Banerjee A, Sahana A, Panja S, Hauli I, Mukhopadhyay SK, Das D. Selective fluorescence and naked eye detection of histidine in aqueous medium via hydrogen bonding assisted Schiff base condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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154
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Hu Y, Wang Q, Zheng C, Wu L, Hou X, Lv Y. Recyclable Decoration of Amine-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Ni2+ for Determination of Histidine by Photochemical Vapor Generation Atomic Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:842-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, and ‡Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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155
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Grasso G, Magrì A, Bellia F, Pietropaolo A, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E. The copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination mode of HExxH and HxxEH motif in small peptides: the role of carboxylate location and hydrogen bonding network. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 130:92-102. [PMID: 24184693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with two hexapeptides encompassing HExxH and HxxEH motif were characterized by means of a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Parallel tempering and density functional theory (DFT) investigations show the presence of different hydrogen bonding networks between the copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with the two peptides, suggesting a significant contribution of these non-covalent interactions to the stability constant values. The glutamate carboxylate group has a direct role in metal ion binding. The location of this amino acid along the sequence of the investigated peptides is critical to determine thermodynamic and spectroscopic features of the copper(II) complex species, whereas is less relevant in the zinc(II) complexes formation. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) characterization of the zinc(II) complex species show that in the [ZnH-2L] two deprotonated amide nitrogen atoms are involved in the metal coordination environment, an uncommon behavior in zinc(II) complexes for multi-histidine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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156
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A portable chemical sensor for histidine based on the strategy of click chemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:386-90. [PMID: 24007674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel portable chemical sensor is developed in combination of the personal glucose meters (PGM) with click chemistry for sensitive and selective determination of histidine. Invertase-labeled alkynyl-DNA can be modified onto the surfaces of Streptavidin Magnespheres Paramagnetic Particles (PMPs) through copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and formed invertase-functionalized PMPs, which can be separated easily. The presence of invertase can convert sucrose to glucose and can be monitored by the PGM easily. The presence of histidine can inhibit the CuAAC, so the read-out signal of PGM decreased. The difference in signals from the PGM before and after addition of histidine has a good linear correlation with the logarithm of the histidine concentrations in the range of 0.01~100 μM with a detection limit of 3.4 nM, which is lower than those of many other chemical sensors. Moreover, the assay of histidine in milk samples is demonstrated with satisfactory results.
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157
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Abstract
The acute and chronic constitutional reactions of the organism elicited by sterile causes and pathogenic structures threatening the soundness of the organism are surveyed by the author. It is emphasized that depending on causes which can be very different, there are various syndromes occurring in the clinical practice. On the basis of multitudiness of pathogenic factors and individual differences, the infammatory reactions are clinically, pathologically and pathobiochemically can be hugely variable. The acute inflammatory response may be sterile. It is often difficult to recognize in these processes whether the inflammation is harmful or beneficial for the organism as a whole. It is possible that the inflammatory response itself is the defending resource of the individual. The non-sterile acute inflammation is evoked by pathogenic microorganisms. The variety of clinical syndromes are explained by the high diversity of pathogenic microbes, the individualities of the defending organisms, and the natural and adaptive immunity of the organism which may be intact or possibly defective. In the latter case the inflammation itself is the disease, as a consequence of a pathological process conducted by the cortico-hypothalamo-adernal axis. The acute inflammation is a defending, preventing and repairing process, constituting an important part of the natural innate immune response. It is inseparable from the natural innate immune response, which is in close cooperation with the adaptive, specific immune response with mutual effects on each of the other. The conductor and the response reactions of the two immune responses are also the same. There are alterations in serum proteins/glycoproteins synthesized mostly by the hepatocytes. Because the concentration of almost all proteins/glycoproteins may change, the use of the discriminative term “acute phase reactant” is hardly relevant. For example, the HDL molecule is a negative “acute phase reactant”. On the gound of clinical, pathological and biochemical caracteristics, the chronic sterile inflammation is a very different entity. It has been established that atherosclerosis is one of the ab origine chronic inflammatory syndrome. It is a long-lasting pathological entity progressing, rather than resolving with different celerity, namely a unique vasculitis syndrome. We are speaking about risk factors instead of causes, which constitute larger or smaller groups to elicite the preventing reaction of the host. The propagations and final outcomes are quite different from that of the acute process. The disadvantages or benefits for the organism are scarcely predictable, albeit the chronic process may have roles in its prolonged nature. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1247–1255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Jakab
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar III. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Kútvölgyi út 4. 1125
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158
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Barnett JP, Blindauer CA, Kassaar O, Khazaipoul S, Martin EM, Sadler PJ, Stewart AJ. Allosteric modulation of zinc speciation by fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5456-64. [PMID: 23726993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum albumin is the major protein component of blood plasma and is responsible for the circulatory transport of a range of small molecules that include fatty acids, hormones, metal ions and drugs. Studies examining the ligand-binding properties of albumin make up a large proportion of the literature. However, many of these studies do not address the fact that albumin carries multiple ligands (including metal ions) simultaneously in vivo. Thus the binding of a particular ligand may influence both the affinity and dynamics of albumin interactions with another. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the Zn(2+) and fatty acid transport properties of albumin and highlight an important interplay that exists between them. Also the impact of this dynamic interaction upon the distribution of plasma Zn(2+), its effect upon cellular Zn(2+) uptake and its importance in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia are considered. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We previously identified the major binding site for Zn(2+) on albumin. Furthermore, we revealed that Zn(2+)-binding at this site and fatty acid-binding at the FA2 site are interdependent. This suggests that the binding of fatty acids to albumin may serve as an allosteric switch to modulate Zn(2+)-binding to albumin in blood plasma. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Fatty acid levels in the blood are dynamic and chronic elevation of plasma fatty acid levels is associated with some metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Since the binding of Zn(2+) to albumin is important for the control of circulatory/cellular Zn(2+) dynamics, this relationship is likely to have important physiological and pathological implications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Barnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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159
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Comparative proteomic analysis of peritoneal dialysate from chronic glomerulonephritis patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:863860. [PMID: 23762862 PMCID: PMC3666394 DOI: 10.1155/2013/863860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) frequently contributes to peritoneal damage which cannot be easily identified without invasive techniques, implying the urgent need for biomarkers and revealing mechanisms. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is one of the leading causes of receiving dialysis treatment. Here, we attempted to analyze the peritoneal dialysate collected from CGN patients when they receive continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment for the first time and after a year to reveal the protein changes that resulted from PD. Proteins were displayed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Altered gel spots were digested followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis for protein identification. Eight proteins were found to have differential expression levels between two groups. Their differential expressions were validated by Western blots in other sets of peritoneal dialysates. Proteins identified with higher levels in the first-time dialysate suggested their dominant appearance in CGN patients, while those that showed higher levels in peritoneal dialysate collected after one year may result from initial peritoneal inflammation or changes in the permeability of the peritoneum to middle-sized proteins. All the identified proteins may provide a perceptiveness of peritoneal changes caused by PD and may function as potential biomarkers or drug targets.
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160
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Patel KK, Poon IKH, Talbo GH, Perugini MA, Taylor NL, Ralph TJ, Hoogenraad NJ, Hulett MD. New method for purifying histidine-rich glycoprotein from human plasma redefines its functional properties. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:550-63. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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161
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Qiu S, Miao M, Wang T, Lin Z, Guo L, Qiu B, Chen G. A fluorescent probe for detection of histidine in cellular homogenate and ovalbumin based on the strategy of clickchemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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162
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Riedel T, Riedelová-Reicheltová Z, Májek P, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Houska M, Dyr JE, Brynda E. Complete identification of proteins responsible for human blood plasma fouling on poly(ethylene glycol)-based surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3388-3397. [PMID: 23391268 DOI: 10.1021/la304886r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) against protein adsorption is crucial and has been widely utilized in various biomedical applications. In this work, the complete protein composition of biofilms deposited on PEG-based surfaces from human blood plasma (BP) was identified for the first time using nanoLC-MS/MS, a powerful tool in protein analysis. The mass of deposited BP and the number of different proteins contained in the deposits on individual surfaces decreased in the order of self-assembling monolayers of oligo(ethylene glycol) alkanethiolates (SAM) > poly(ethylene glycol) end-grafted onto a SAM > poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) brushes prepared by surface initiated polymerization (poly(OEGMA)). The BP deposit on the poly(OEGMA) surface was composed only of apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B-100, complement C3, complement C4-A, complement C4-B, histidine-rich glycoprotein, Ig mu chain C region, fibrinogen (Fbg), and serum albumin (HSA). The total resistance of the surface to the Fbg and HSA adsorption from single protein solutions suggested that their deposition from BP was mediated by some of the other proteins. Current theories of protein resistance are not sufficient to explain the observed plasma fouling. The research focused on the identified proteins, and the experimental approach used in this work can provide the basis for the understanding and rational design of plasma-resistant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Riedel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
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163
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Tan X, Feng L, Zhang J, Yang K, Zhang S, Liu Z, Peng R. Functionalization of graphene oxide generates a unique interface for selective serum protein interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1370-7. [PMID: 23360681 DOI: 10.1021/am302706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potential toxicity and risk of inducing allergy and inflammation have always been a great concern of using nanomaterials in biomedicine. In this work, we investigate the serum behaviors of graphene oxide (GO) and how such behaviors are affected by its surface modification such as PEGylation. The results show that, when incubated with human sera, unfunctionalized GO adsorbs a significant amount of serum proteins and strongly induces complement C3 cleavage (part of the complement activation cascade), generating C3a/C3a(des-Arg), an anaphylatoxin involved in local inflammatory responses, whereas PEGylated nano-GO (nGO-PEG) exhibits dramatic reductions in both protein binding in general and complement C3 activation. Moreover, we uncover that PEGylation on GO nanosheets apparently generates an interesting nanointerface, evidenced by the acquired certain selectivity and increased binding capacities of nGO-PEG toward a few serum proteins. Further mass spectrometry analysis identifies six nGO-PEG binding proteins, four of which are immune-related factors, including C3a/C3a(des-Arg). A series of Western blot analysis demonstrate that nGO-PEG binds up to 2-fold amount of C3a/C3a(des-Arg) than unfunctionalized GO, and can efficiently decrease the level of C3a/C3a(des-Arg) in treated sera, preventing the normal interaction of C3a with its receptor. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate that nGO-PEG may serve to help eliminate the C3a/C3a(des-Arg) induced by other nanomaterials such as as-made GO, indicating a new strategy to modulate the immune responses evoked by one nanomaterial through the addition of another type of nanomaterial. Our results highlight the great importance of nanobio interface in regulating the biological effects of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials-FUNSOM, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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164
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Gomes C, Almeida A, Ferreira JA, Silva L, Santos-Sousa H, Pinto-de-Sousa J, Santos LL, Amado F, Schwientek T, Levery SB, Mandel U, Clausen H, David L, Reis CA, Osório H. Glycoproteomic analysis of serum from patients with gastric precancerous lesions. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1454-66. [PMID: 23312025 DOI: 10.1021/pr301112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is preceded by a carcinogenesis pathway that includes gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis that may progress to intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and ultimately gastric carcinoma of the more common intestinal subtype. The identification of glycosylation changes in circulating serum proteins in patients with precursor lesions of gastric cancer is of high interest and represents a source of putative new biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention. This study applies a glycoproteomic approach to identify altered glycoproteins expressing the simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens T and STn in the serum of patients with gastritis, IM (complete and incomplete subtypes), and control healthy individuals. The immunohistochemistry analysis of the gastric mucosa of these patients showed expression of T and STn antigens in gastric lesions, with STn being expressed only in IM. The serum glycoproteomic analysis using 2D-gel electrophoresis, Western blot, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry led to the identification of circulating proteins carrying these altered glycans. One of the glycoproteins identified was plasminogen, a protein that has been reported to play a role in H. pylori chronic infection of the gastric mucosa and is involved in extracellular matrix modeling and degradation. Plasminogen was further characterized and showed to carry STn antigens in patients with gastritis and IM. These results provide evidence of serum proteins displaying abnormal O-glycosylation in patients with precursor lesions of gastric carcinoma and include a panel of putative targets for the non-invasive clinical diagnosis of individuals with gastritis and IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
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165
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New Insights into the Functions of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:467-93. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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166
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Hou JT, Li K, Yu KK, Wu MY, Yu XQ. Coumarin–DPA–Cu(ii) as a chemosensing ensemble towards histidine determination in urine and serum. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:717-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26955d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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167
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Rowinska-Zyrek M, Witkowska D, Potocki S, Remelli M, Kozlowski H. His-rich sequences – is plagiarism from nature a good idea? NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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168
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Du J, Huang Z, Yu XQ, Pu L. Highly selective fluorescent recognition of histidine by a crown ether–terpyridine–Zn(ii) sensor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5399-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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169
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Wu J, Liu S, He Y, Guan X, Zhu X, Cheng L, Wang J, Lu G. Genome-wide analysis of SAUR gene family in Solanaceae species. Gene 2012; 509:38-50. [PMID: 22903030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin plays a vital role in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. Small auxin up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) are primary auxin response genes hypothesized to be involved in auxin signaling pathway, but their functions remain unclear. Here, a genome-wide search for SAUR gene homologues in Solanaceae species identified 99 and 134 members of SAUR gene family from tomato and potato, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SAUR proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, sorghum, tomato and potato were divided into four major groups with 16 subgroups. Among them, 25 histidine-rich SAURs genes with metal-binding characteristics were found in Arabidopsis, sorghum and Solanaceae species, but not in rice. Using tomato as a model, a comprehensive overview of SAUR gene family is presented, including the gene structures, phylogeny and chromosome locations. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that 11 randomly selected SlSAUR genes in tomato could be expressed at least in one of the tomato organs/tissues tested. However, different SlSAUR genes displayed distinctive expression levels. SlSAUR16 and SlSAUR71 exhibited highly tissue-specific expression patterns. Almost all of the detected SlSAURs showed an accumulating pattern of mRNA along tomato flower and fruit development. Some of them displayed differential response to exogenous IAA treatment. The abiotic (cold, salt and drought) stresses significantly modified transcript levels of SlSAURs genes. Most of them were down-regulated in response to abiotic stresses (drought, heat and salinity), but SlSAUR58, as a histidine-rich SAUR gene, was up-regulated after salt treatment, indicating that it may play a specific role in the salt signaling transduction pathway. Our comparative analysis provides some basic genomic information for the SAUR genes in the Solanaceae species and will pave the way for deciphering their function during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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170
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Tang W, Schwienbacher C, Lopez L, Ben-Shlomo Y, Oudot-Mellakh T, Johnson A, Samani N, Basu S, Gögele M, Davies G, Lowe G, Tregouet DA, Tan A, Pankow J, Tenesa A, Levy D, Volpato C, Rumley A, Gow A, Minelli C, Yarnell J, Porteous D, Starr J, Gallacher J, Boerwinkle E, Visscher P, Pramstaller P, Cushman M, Emilsson V, Plump A, Matijevic N, Morange PE, Deary I, Hicks A, Folsom A. Genetic associations for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, their gene expression profiles, and risk of coronary artery disease. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:152-62. [PMID: 22703881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) are clinical tests commonly used to screen for coagulation-factor deficiencies. One genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been reported previously for aPTT, but no GWAS has been reported for PT. We conducted a GWAS and meta-analysis to identify genetic loci for aPTT and PT. The GWAS for aPTT was conducted in 9,240 individuals of European ancestry from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, and the GWAS for PT was conducted in 2,583 participants from the Genetic Study of Three Population Microisolates in South Tyrol (MICROS) and the Lothian Birth Cohorts (LBC) of 1921 and 1936. Replication was assessed in 1,041 to 3,467 individuals. For aPTT, previously reported associations with KNG1, HRG, F11, F12, and ABO were confirmed. A second independent association in ABO was identified and replicated (rs8176704, p = 4.26 × 10(-24)). Pooling the ARIC and replication data yielded two additional loci in F5 (rs6028, p = 3.22 × 10(-9)) and AGBL1 (rs2469184, p = 3.61 × 10(-8)). For PT, significant associations were identified and confirmed in F7 (rs561241, p = 3.71 × 10(-56)) and PROCR/EDEM2 (rs2295888, p = 5.25 × 10(-13)). Assessment of existing gene expression and coronary artery disease (CAD) databases identified associations of five of the GWAS loci with altered gene expression and two with CAD. In summary, eight genetic loci that account for ∼29% of the variance in aPTT and two loci that account for ∼14% of the variance in PT were detected and supported by functional data.
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171
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Hale JS, Li M, Sinyuk M, Jahnen-Dechent W, Lathia JD, Silverstein RL. Context dependent role of the CD36--thrombospondin--histidine-rich glycoprotein axis in tumor angiogenesis and growth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40033. [PMID: 22808089 PMCID: PMC3393734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic switch is a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Work by our laboratory and others has described an important endogenous anti-angiogenic pathway mediated by interactions of CD36, a receptor on microvascular endothelial cells, with proteins containing thrombospondin (TSP) type I repeat domains (TSR). Recent studies revealed that circulating Histidine Rich Glycoprotein (HRG) inhibits the anti-angiogenic potential of the CD36-TSR pathway by functioning as a decoy receptor that binds and sequesters TSR proteins. As tumors of different origin display variable expression profiles of numerous targets, we hypothesized that the TSP-CD36-HRG axis regulates vascularization and growth in the tumor microenvironment in a context, or tumor type, dependent manner. Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LL2) and B16F1 Melanoma tumor cell implants in syngeneic wild type (WT), hrg, or cd36 null mice were used as a model to interrogate this signaling axis. LL2 tumor volumes were greater in cd36 null mice and smaller in hrg null mice compared to WT. Immunofluorescent staining showed increased vascularity in cd36 null vs. WT and WT vs. hrg null mice. No differences in tumor growth or vascularity were observed with B16F1 implants, consistent with lack of expression of TSP-1 in B16F1 cells. When TSR expression was induced in B16F1 cells by cDNA transfection, tumor growth and vascularity were similar to that seen with LL2 cells. These data show a role for CD36-mediated anti-angiogenic activity in the tumor microenvironment when TSR proteins are available and demonstrate that HRG modulates this activity. Further, they suggest a mechanism by which tumor microenvironments may regulate sensitivity to TSR containing proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD36 Antigens/deficiency
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Binding
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/blood supply
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- James Scott Hale
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Meizhang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justin Durla Lathia
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roy Lee Silverstein
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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172
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Davis KM, Swartz JD, Haselton FR, Wright DW. Low-Resource Method for Extracting the Malarial Biomarker Histidine-Rich Protein II To Enhance Diagnostic Test Performance. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6136-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301030m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keersten M. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822,
United States
| | - Joshua D. Swartz
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822,
United States
| | - Frederick R. Haselton
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822,
United States
| | - David W. Wright
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822,
United States
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173
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics
and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials
(IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing
210046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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174
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La Mendola D, Magrì A, Santoro AM, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. Copper(II) interaction with peptide fragments of histidine–proline-rich glycoprotein: Speciation, stability and binding details. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 111:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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175
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Karmali PP, Chao Y, Park JH, Sailor MJ, Ruoslahti E, Esener SC, Simberg D. Different effect of hydrogelation on antifouling and circulation properties of dextran-iron oxide nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:539-45. [PMID: 22243419 DOI: 10.1021/mp200375x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Premature recognition and clearance of nanoparticulate imaging and therapeutic agents by macrophages in the tissues can dramatically reduce both the nanoparticle half-life and delivery to the diseased tissue. Grafting nanoparticles with hydrogels prevents nanoparticulate recognition by liver and spleen macrophages and greatly prolongs circulation times in vivo. Understanding the mechanisms by which hydrogels achieve this "stealth" effect has implications for the design of long-circulating nanoparticles. Thus, the role of plasma protein absorption in the hydrogel effect is not yet understood. Short-circulating dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles could be converted into stealth hydrogel nanoparticles by cross-linking with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. We show that hydrogelation did not affect the size, shape and zeta potential, but completely prevented the recognition and clearance by liver macrophages in vivo. Hydrogelation decreased the number of hydroxyl groups on the nanoparticle surface and reduced the binding of the anti-dextran antibody. At the same time, hydrogelation did not reduce the absorption of cationic proteins on the nanoparticle surface. Specifically, there was no effect on the binding of kininogen, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and protamine sulfate to the anionic nanoparticle surface. In addition, hydrogelation did not prevent activation of plasma kallikrein on the metal oxide surface. These data suggest that (a) a stealth hydrogel coating does not mask charge interactions with iron oxide surface and (b) the total blockade of plasma protein absorption is not required for maintaining iron oxide nanoparticles' long-circulating stealth properties. These data illustrate a novel, clinically promising property of long-circulating stealth nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Prakash Karmali
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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176
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Huang Z, Du J, Zhang J, Yu XQ, Pu L. A simple and efficient fluorescent sensor for histidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3412-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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177
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Zhang S, Yang C, Zhu W, Zeng B, Yang Y, Xu Y, Qian X. Highly selective, naked-eye and fluorescent “off-on” probe for detection of histidine/histidine-rich proteins and its application in living cell imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1653-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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178
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Abstract
The molecular basis for the anticoagulant action of heparin lies in its ability to bind to and enhance the inhibitory activity of the plasma protein antithrombin against several serine proteases of the coagulation system, most importantly factors IIa (thrombin), Xa and IXa. Two major mechanisms underlie heparin's potentiation of antithrombin. The conformational changes induced by heparin binding cause both expulsion of the reactive loop and exposure of exosites of the surface of antithrombin, which bind directly to the enzyme target; and a template mechanism exists in which both inhibitor and enzyme bind to the same heparin molecule. The relative importance of these two modes of action varies between enzymes. In addition, heparin can act through other serine protease inhibitors such as heparin co-factor II, protein C inhibitor and tissue factor plasminogen inhibitor. The antithrombotic action of heparin in vivo, though dominated by anticoagulant mechanisms, is more complex, and interactions with other plasma proteins and cells play significant roles in the living vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Gray
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potter's Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
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179
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Swartz JD, Gulka CP, Haselton FR, Wright DW. Development of a histidine-targeted spectrophotometric sensor using Ni(II)NTA-functionalized Au and Ag nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:15330-15339. [PMID: 22026818 DOI: 10.1021/la202937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An antibody-free diagnostic reagent has been developed based on the aggregation-induced colorimetric change of Ni(II)NTA-functionalized colloidal gold and silver nanoparticles. This diagnostic strategy utilizes the high binding affinity of histidine-rich proteins with Ni(II)NTA to capture and cross-link the histidine-rich protein mimics with the silver and gold nanoparticles. In model studies, the aggregation behavior of the Ni(II)NTA nanoparticles was tested against synthetic targets including charged poly(amino acid)s (histidine, lysine, arginine, and aspartic acid) and mimics of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfHRP-II). Aggregation of the nanoparticle sensor was induced by all of the basic poly(amino acid)s including poly(l-histidine) within the pH range (5.5-9.0) tested, which is likely caused by the coordination between the multivalent polymer target and Ni(II)NTA groups on multiple particles. The peptide mimics induced aggregation of the nanoparticles only near their pK(a)'s with higher limits of detection. In addition, monomeric amino acids do not show any aggregation behavior, suggesting that multiple target binding sites are necessary for aggregation. Long-term stability studies showed that gold but not silver nanoparticles remained stable and exhibited similar aggregation behavior after 1 month of storage at room temperature and 37 °C. These results suggest that Ni(II)NTA gold nanoparticles could be further investigated for use as a sensor to detect histidine-rich proteins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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180
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Pasupuleti M, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Antimicrobial peptides: key components of the innate immune system. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:143-71. [PMID: 22074402 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.594423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life-threatening infectious diseases are on their way to cause a worldwide crisis, as treating them effectively is becoming increasingly difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) form an ancient type of innate immunity found universally in all living organisms, providing a principal first-line of defense against the invading pathogens. The unique diverse function and architecture of AMPs has attracted considerable attention by scientists, both in terms of understanding the basic biology of the innate immune system, and as a tool in the design of molecular templates for new anti-infective drugs. AMPs are gene-encoded short (<100 amino acids), amphipathic molecules with hydrophobic and cationic amino acids arranged spatially, which exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. AMPs have been the subject of natural evolution, as have the microbes, for hundreds of millions of years. Despite this long history of co-evolution, AMPs have not lost their ability to kill or inhibit the microbes totally, nor have the microbes learnt to avoid the lethal punch of AMPs. AMPs therefore have potential to provide an important breakthrough and form the basis for a new class of antibiotics. In this review, we would like to give an overview of cationic antimicrobial peptides, origin, structure, functions, and mode of action of AMPs, which are highly expressed and found in humans, as well as a brief discussion about widely abundant, well characterized AMPs in mammals, in addition to pharmaceutical aspects and the additional functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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181
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Cysteine cathepsins: from structure, function and regulation to new frontiers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:68-88. [PMID: 22024571 PMCID: PMC7105208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 885] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is more than 50 years since the lysosome was discovered. Since then its hydrolytic machinery, including proteases and other hydrolases, has been fairly well identified and characterized. Among these are the cysteine cathepsins, members of the family of papain-like cysteine proteases. They have unique reactive-site properties and an uneven tissue-specific expression pattern. In living organisms their activity is a delicate balance of expression, targeting, zymogen activation, inhibition by protein inhibitors and degradation. The specificity of their substrate binding sites, small-molecule inhibitor repertoire and crystal structures are providing new tools for research and development. Their unique reactive-site properties have made it possible to confine the targets simply by the use of appropriate reactive groups. The epoxysuccinyls still dominate the field, but now nitriles seem to be the most appropriate “warhead”. The view of cysteine cathepsins as lysosomal proteases is changing as there is now clear evidence of their localization in other cellular compartments. Besides being involved in protein turnover, they build an important part of the endosomal antigen presentation. Together with the growing number of non-endosomal roles of cysteine cathepsins is growing also the knowledge of their involvement in diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. Finally, cysteine cathepsins are important regulators and signaling molecules of an unimaginable number of biological processes. The current challenge is to identify their endogenous substrates, in order to gain an insight into the mechanisms of substrate degradation and processing. In this review, some of the remarkable advances that have taken place in the past decade are presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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182
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Nordqvist S, Kårehed K, Stavreus-Evers A, Åkerud H. Histidine-rich glycoprotein polymorphism and pregnancy outcome: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:213-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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183
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von Zychlinski A, Kleffmann T, Williams MJA, McCormick SP. Proteomics of Lipoprotein(a) identifies a protein complement associated with response to wounding. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2881-91. [PMID: 21802535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Twenty percent of the general population exhibit levels above the risk threshold highlighting the importance for clinical and basic research. Comprehensive proteomics of human Lp(a) will provide significant insights into Lp(a) physiology and pathogenicity. Using liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry, we established a high confidence Lp(a) proteome of 35 proteins from highly purified particles. Protein interaction network analysis and functional clustering revealed proteins assigned to the two major biological processes of lipid metabolism and response to wounding. The latter includes the processes of coagulation, complement activation and inflammatory response. Furthermore, absolute protein quantification of apoB-100, apo(a), apoA1, complement C3 and PON1 gave insights into the compositional stoichiometry of associated proteins per particle. Our proteomics study has identified Lp(a)-associated proteins that support a suggested role of Lp(a) in response to wounding which points to mechanisms of Lp(a) pathogenicity at sites of vascular injury and atherosclerotic lesions. This study has identified a high confidence Lp(a) proteome and provides an important basis for further comparative and quantitative analyses of Lp(a) isolated from greater numbers of plasma samples to investigate the significance of associated proteins and their dynamics for Lp(a) pathogenicity.
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184
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Vu TT, Stafford AR, Leslie BA, Kim PY, Fredenburgh JC, Weitz JI. Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds fibrin(ogen) with high affinity and competes with thrombin for binding to the gamma'-chain. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30314-30323. [PMID: 21757718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant protein that binds fibrinogen and other plasma proteins in a Zn(2+)-dependent fashion but whose function is unclear. HRG has antimicrobial activity, and its incorporation into fibrin clots facilitates bacterial entrapment and killing and promotes inflammation. Although these findings suggest that HRG contributes to innate immunity and inflammation, little is known about the HRG-fibrin(ogen) interaction. By immunoassay, HRG-fibrinogen complexes were detected in Zn(2+)-supplemented human plasma, a finding consistent with a high affinity interaction. Surface plasmon resonance determinations support this concept and show that in the presence of Zn(2+), HRG binds the predominant γ(A)/γ(A)-fibrinogen and the γ-chain elongated isoform, γ(A)/γ'-fibrinogen, with K(d) values of 9 nm. Likewise, (125)I-labeled HRG binds γ(A)/γ(A)- or γ(A)/γ'-fibrin clots with similar K(d) values when Zn(2+) is present. There are multiple HRG binding sites on fibrin(ogen) because HRG binds immobilized fibrinogen fragment D or E and γ'-peptide, an analog of the COOH terminus of the γ'-chain that mediates the high affinity interaction of thrombin with γ(A)/γ'-fibrin. Thrombin competes with HRG for γ'-peptide binding and displaces (125)I-HRG from γ(A)/γ'-fibrin clots and vice versa. Taken together, these data suggest that (a) HRG circulates in complex with fibrinogen and that the complex persists upon fibrin formation, and (b) by competing with thrombin for γ(A)/γ'-fibrin binding, HRG may modulate coagulation. Therefore, the HRG-fibrin interaction may provide a novel link between coagulation, innate immunity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Vu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; the Departments of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Alan R Stafford
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Beverly A Leslie
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - James C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; the Departments of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada; Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada.
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185
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Yadav NS, Rashmi D, Singh D, Agarwal PK, Jha B. A novel salt-inducible gene SbSI-1 from Salicornia brachiata confers salt and desiccation tolerance in E. coli. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1943-8. [PMID: 21655957 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salicornia brachiata is one of the extreme salt tolerant plants and grows luxuriantly in coastal areas. Previously we have reported isolation and characterization of ESTs from S. brachiata with large number of unknown gene sequences. Reverse Northern analysis showed upregulation and downregulation of few unknown genes in response to salinity. Some of these unknown genes were made full length and their functional analysis is being tested. In this study, we have selected a novel unknown salt inducible gene SbSI-1 (Salicornia brachiata salt inducible-1) for the functional validation. The SbSI-1 (Gen-Bank accession number JF 965339) was made full length and characterized in detail for its functional validation under desiccation and salinity. The SbSI-1 gene is 917 bp long, and contained 437 bp 3' UTR, and 480 bp ORF region encoding 159 amino acids protein with estimated molecular mass of 18.39 kDa and pI 8.58. The real time PCR analysis revealed high transcript expression in salt, desiccation, cold and heat stresses. However, the maximum expression was obtained by desiccation. The ORF region of SbSI-1 was cloned in pET28a vector and transformed in BL21 (DE3) E. coli cells. The SbSI-1 recombinant E. coli cells showed tolerance to desiccation and salinity stress compared to only vector in the presence of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 021, Gujarat, India
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186
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Haas J, Beer AG, Widschwendter P, Oberdanner J, Salzmann K, Sarg B, Lindner H, Herz J, Patsch JR, Marschang P. LRP1b shows restricted expression in human tissues and binds to several extracellular ligands, including fibrinogen and apoE-carrying lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:342-7. [PMID: 21420681 PMCID: PMC3119793 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1b (LRP1b) expression in human tissues and to identify circulating ligands of LRP1b. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two independent RT-PCR assays, LRP1b mRNA was detected in human brain, thyroid gland, skeletal muscle, and to a lesser amount in testis but absent in other tissues, including heart, kidney, liver, lung, and placenta. Circulating ligands were purified from human plasma by affinity chromatography using FLAG-tagged recombinant LRP1b ectodomains and identified by mass spectrometry. Using this technique, several potential ligands (fibrinogen, clusterin, vitronectin, histidine rich glycoprotein, serum amyloid P-component, and immunoglobulins) were identified. Direct binding of LRP1b ectodomains to fibrinogen was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. ApoE-carrying lipoproteins were shown to bind to LRP1b ectodomains in a lipoprotein binding assay. Furthermore, binding as well as internalization of very low density lipoproteins by cells expressing an LRP1b minireceptor was demonstrated. DISCUSSION LRP1b expression in humans appears to be confined to few tissues, which could point out to specialized functions of LRP1b in certain organs. Most of the newly identified LRP1b ligands are well-known factors in blood coagulation and lipoprotein metabolism, suggesting a possible role of LRP1b in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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187
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Niessen S, Hoover H, Gale AJ. Proteomic analysis of the coagulation reaction in plasma and whole blood using PROTOMAP. Proteomics 2011; 11:2377-88. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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188
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Zeng YB, Yang N, Sun H. Metal-Binding Properties of an Hpn-Like Histidine-Rich Protein. Chemistry 2011; 17:5852-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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189
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Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds factor XIIa with high affinity and inhibits contact-initiated coagulation. Blood 2011; 117:4134-41. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-290551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) circulates in plasma at a concentration of 2μM and binds plasminogen, fibrinogen, and thrombospondin. Despite these interactions, the physiologic role of HRG is unknown. Previous studies have shown that mice and humans deficient in HRG have shortened plasma clotting times. To better understand this phenomenon, we examined the effect of HRG on clotting tests. HRG prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time in a concentration-dependent fashion but has no effect on tissue factor–induced clotting, localizing its effect to the contact pathway. Plasma immunodepleted of HRG exhibits a shortened activated partial thromboplastin time that is restored to baseline with HRG replenishment. To explore how HRG affects the contact pathway, we examined its binding to factors XII, XIIa, XI, and XIa. HRG binds factor XIIa with high affinity, an interaction that is enhanced in the presence of Zn2+, but does not bind factors XII, XI, or XIa. In addition, HRG inhibits autoactivation of factor XII and factor XIIa–mediated activation of factor XI. These results suggest that, by binding to factor XIIa, HRG modulates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, particularly in the vicinity of a thrombus where platelet release of HRG and Zn2+ will promote this interaction.
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190
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Bolin M, Akerud P, Hansson A, Akerud H. Histidine-rich glycoprotein as an early biomarker of preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:496-501. [PMID: 21252863 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of preeclampsia is of great interest and the coagulation system as well as the angiogenic pathway is known to be dysfunctional in preeclampsia. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a protein interacting with both these biological systems and the purpose of this prospective, longitudinal cohort study was to analyze whether there is a difference in circulating levels of HRG during pregnancy in women developing preeclampsia compared to normal healthy pregnancies. We furthermore wanted to evaluate whether HRG has the potential of being an early biomarker of preeclampsia. METHODS A cohort of healthy pregnant women (n = 469) was enrolled at gestational weeks 8-12. Plasma samples were collected at gestational weeks 10, 25, 28, 33, and 37 and analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The levels of HRG decreased during pregnancy in all women, but the levels were significantly lower at gestational weeks 10, 25, and 28 in women who later developed preeclampsia than in normal pregnant women (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data indicates that HRG levels in plasma might be a possible biomarker already in gestational week 10 for prediction of later onset of preeclampsia in a low risk population.
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191
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Sabbatini ARM, Mattii L, Battolla B, Polizzi E, Martini D, Ranieri-Raggi M, Moir AJG, Raggi A. Evidence that muscle cells do not express the histidine-rich glycoprotein associated with AMP deaminase but can internalise the plasma protein. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e6. [PMID: 21556121 PMCID: PMC3167348 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is synthesized by liver and is present at relatively high concentration in the plasma of vertebrates. We have previously described the association of a HRG-like molecule to purified rabbit skeletal muscle AMP deaminase (AMPD). We also provided the first evidence for the presence of a HRG-like protein in human skeletal muscle where a positive correlation between HRG content and total determined AMPD activity has been shown. In the present paper we investigate the origin of skeletal muscle HRG. The screening of a human skeletal muscle cDNA expression library using an anti-HRG antibody failed to reveal any positive clone. The RT-PCR analysis, performed on human skeletal muscle RNA as well as on RNA from the rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line, failed to show any mRNA specific for the plasma HRG or for the putative muscle variant. When the RD cells were incubated with human plasma HRG, a time-dependent increase of the HRG immunoreactivity was detected both at the plasma membrane level and intracellularly. The internalisation of HRG was inhibited by the addition of heparin. The above data strongly suggest that skeletal muscle cells do not synthesize the muscle variant of HRG but instead can actively internalise it from plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Uomo edell’Ambiente, Chimica e Biochimica Medica, University of Pisa.
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192
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Abstract
AbstractHistidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), also known as histidine-proline-rich glyco-protein, is an abundant and well-characterized protein of vertebrate plasma. HRG has a multidomain structure that allows the molecule to interact with many ligands, including heparin, phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, C1q, heme, and Zn2+. The ability of HRG to interact with various ligands simultaneously has suggested that HRG can function as an adaptor molecule and regulate numerous important biologic processes, such as immune complex/necrotic cell/pathogen clearance, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The present review covers the proposed multifunctional roles of HRG with a focus on recent findings that have led to its emergence as a key regulator of immunity and vascular biology. Also included is a discussion of the striking functional similarities between HRG and other important multifunctional proteins found in plasma, such as C-reactive protein, C1q, β2 glycoprotein I, and thrombospondin-1.
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193
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Rolny C, Mazzone M, Tugues S, Laoui D, Johansson I, Coulon C, Squadrito ML, Segura I, Li X, Knevels E, Costa S, Vinckier S, Dresselaer T, Åkerud P, De Mol M, Salomäki H, Phillipson M, Wyns S, Larsson E, Buysschaert I, Botling J, Himmelreich U, Van Ginderachter JA, De Palma M, Dewerchin M, Claesson-Welsh L, Carmeliet P. HRG inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by inducing macrophage polarization and vessel normalization through downregulation of PlGF. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:31-44. [PMID: 21215706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to a proangiogenic/immune-suppressive (M2-like) phenotype and abnormal, hypoperfused vessels are hallmarks of malignancy, but their molecular basis and interrelationship remains enigmatic. We report that the host-produced histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, while improving chemotherapy. By skewing TAM polarization away from the M2- to a tumor-inhibiting M1-like phenotype, HRG promotes antitumor immune responses and vessel normalization, effects known to decrease tumor growth and metastasis and to enhance chemotherapy. Skewing of TAM polarization by HRG relies substantially on downregulation of placental growth factor (PlGF). Besides unveiling an important role for TAM polarization in tumor vessel abnormalization, and its regulation by HRG/PlGF, these findings offer therapeutic opportunities for anticancer and antiangiogenic treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chemotactic Factors/metabolism
- Clodronic Acid/pharmacology
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/pathology
- Microvessels/ultrastructure
- Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis/immunology
- Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Placenta Growth Factor
- Pregnancy Proteins/genetics
- Pregnancy Proteins/immunology
- Pregnancy Proteins/metabolism
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proteins/pharmacology
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Regional Blood Flow/genetics
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rolny
- Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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194
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Ringvall M, Thulin Å, Zhang L, Cedervall J, Tsuchida-Straeten N, Jahnen-Dechent W, Siegbahn A, Olsson AK. Enhanced platelet activation mediates the accelerated angiogenic switch in mice lacking histidine-rich glycoprotein. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14526. [PMID: 21264222 PMCID: PMC3022027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heparin-binding plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG; alternatively, HRGP/HPRG) can suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo. Mice lacking the HRG gene are viable and fertile, but have an enhanced coagulation resulting in decreased bleeding times. In addition, the angiogenic switch is significantly enhanced in HRG-deficient mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To address whether HRG deficiency affects tumor development, we have crossed HRG knockout mice with the RIP1-Tag2 mouse, a well established orthotopic model of multistage carcinogenesis. RIP1-Tag2 HRG(-/-) mice display significantly larger tumor volume compared to their RIP1-Tag2 HRG(+/+) littermates, supporting a role for HRG as an endogenous regulator of tumor growth. In the present study we also demonstrate that platelet activation is increased in mice lacking HRG. To address whether this elevated platelet activation contributes to the increased pathological angiogenesis in HRG-deficient mice, they were rendered thrombocytopenic before the onset of the angiogenic switch by injection of the anti-platelet antibody GP1bα. Interestingly, this treatment suppressed the increase in angiogenic neoplasias seen in HRG knockout mice. However, if GP1bα treatment was initiated at a later stage, after the onset of the angiogenic switch, no suppression of tumor growth was detected in HRG-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that increased platelet activation mediates the accelerated angiogenic switch in HRG-deficient mice. Moreover, we conclude that platelets play a crucial role in the early stages of tumor development but are of less significance for tumor growth once angiogenesis has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ringvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Thulin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Cedervall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nobuko Tsuchida-Straeten
- Biointerface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Biointerface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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195
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Assumpção TCF, Charneau S, Santiago PBM, Francischetti IMB, Meng Z, Araújo CN, Pham VM, Queiroz RML, de Castro CN, Ricart CA, Santana JM, Ribeiro JMC. Insight into the salivary transcriptome and proteome of Dipetalogaster maxima. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:669-79. [PMID: 21058630 DOI: 10.1021/pr100866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dipetalogaster maxima is a blood-sucking Hemiptera that inhabits sylvatic areas in Mexico. It usually takes its blood meal from lizards, but following human population growth, it invaded suburban areas, feeding also on humans and domestic animals. Hematophagous insect salivary glands produce potent pharmacologic compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. To obtain further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacologic complexity of this insect, a cDNA library from its salivary glands was randomly sequenced. Salivary proteins were also submitted to one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1DE and 2DE) followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We present the analysis of a set of 2728 cDNA sequences, 1375 of which coded for proteins of a putative secretory nature. The saliva 2DE proteome displayed approximately 150 spots. The mass spectrometry analysis revealed mainly lipocalins, pallidipins, antigen 5-like proteins, and apyrases. The redundancy of sequence identification of saliva-secreted proteins suggests that proteins are present in multiple isoforms or derive from gene duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C F Assumpção
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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196
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Wiederin JL, Donahoe RM, Anderson JR, Yu F, Fox HS, Gendelman HE, Ciborowski PS. Plasma proteomic analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection of rhesus macaques. J Proteome Res 2011; 9:4721-31. [PMID: 20677826 DOI: 10.1021/pr1004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral replication in its target cells affects a delicate balance between cellular cofactors required for virus propagation and immunoregulation for host defense. To better elucidate cellular proteins linked to viral infection, we tested plasma from rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency viral strain SIVsmm9, prior to, 10 days (acute), and 49 weeks (chronic) after viral infection. Changes in plasma protein content were measured by quantitative mass spectrometry by isobaric tags for absolute and relative quantitation (iTRAQ) methods. An 81 and 232% increase in SERPINA1 was seen during acute and chronic infection, respectively. Interestingly, gelsolin, vitamin D binding protein and histidine rich glycoprotein were decreased by 45% in acute conditions but returned to baseline during chronic infection. When compared to uninfected controls, a 48-103% increase in leucine rich alpha 2-glycoprotein, vitronectin, and ceruloplasmin was observed during chronic viral infection. Observed changes in plasma proteins expression likely represent a compensatory host response to persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Wiederin
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA
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197
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A novel secretory poly-cysteine and histidine-tailed metalloprotein (Ts-PCHTP) from Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda). PLoS One 2010; 5:e13343. [PMID: 20967224 PMCID: PMC2954182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis is an unusual parasitic intracellular nematode causing dedifferentiation of the host myofiber. Trichinella proteomic analyses have identified proteins that act at the interface between the parasite and the host and are probably important for the infection and pathogenesis. Many parasitic proteins, including a number of metalloproteins are unique for the nematodes and trichinellids and therefore present good targets for future therapeutic developments. Furthermore, detailed information on such proteins and their function in the nematode organism would provide better understanding of the parasite - host interactions. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we report the identification, biochemical characterization and localization of a novel poly-cysteine and histidine-tailed metalloprotein (Ts-PCHTP). The native Ts-PCHTP was purified from T. spiralis muscle larvae that were isolated from infected rats as a model system. The sequence analysis showed no homology with other proteins. Two unique poly-cysteine domains were found in the amino acid sequence of Ts-PCHTP. This protein is also the first reported natural histidine tailed protein. It was suggested that Ts-PCHTP has metal binding properties. Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) assay revealed that it binds significant concentrations of iron, nickel and zinc at protein:metal ratio of about 1∶2. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Ts-PCHTP is localized in the cuticle and in all tissues of the larvae, but that it is not excreted outside the parasite. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggest that Ts-PCHTP is the first described member of a novel nematode poly-cysteine protein family and its function could be metal storage and/or transport. Since this protein family is unique for parasites from Superfamily Trichinelloidea its potential applications in diagnostics and treatment could be exploited in future.
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198
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Histidine-rich glycoprotein promotes bacterial entrapment in clots and decreases mortality in a mouse model of sepsis. Blood 2010; 116:2365-72. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-271858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant bacterial pathogen in humans. In this study, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), an abundant plasma protein, was found to kill S pyogenes. Furthermore, S pyogenes grew more efficiently in HRG-deficient plasma, and clots formed in this plasma were significantly less effective at bacterial entrapment and killing. HRG-deficient mice were strikingly more susceptible to S pyogenes infection. These animals failed to control the infection at the local subcutaneous site, and abscess formation and inflammation were diminished compared with control animals. As a result, bacterial dissemination occurred more rapidly in HRG-deficient mice, and they died earlier and with a significantly higher mortality rate than control animals. HRG-deficient mice supplemented with purified HRG gave the same phenotype as control animals, demonstrating that the lack of HRG was responsible for the increased susceptibility. The results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for HRG as a regulator of inflammation and in the defense at the local site of bacterial infection.
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199
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Singh N, Jenkins GJ, Asadi R, Doak SH. Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5358. [PMID: 22110864 PMCID: PMC3215220 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are being widely used for various biomedical applications, for example, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted delivery of drugs or genes, and in hyperthermia. Although, the potential benefits of SPION are considerable, there is a distinct need to identify any potential cellular damage associated with these nanoparticles. Besides focussing on cytotoxicity, the most commonly used determinant of toxicity as a result of exposure to SPION, this review also mentions the importance of studying the subtle cellular alterations in the form of DNA damage and oxidative stress. We review current studies and discuss how SPION, with or without different surface coating, may cause cellular perturbations including modulation of actin cytoskeleton, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis and altered cellular responses such as activation of signalling pathways and impairment of cell cycle regulation. The importance of protein-SPION interaction and various safety considerations relating to SPION exposure are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Singh
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Neenu Singh Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK. Tel: +44 1792 295056. Fax: +44 1792 602147.
| | - Gareth J.S. Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Romisa Asadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
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200
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Nordqvist S, Kårehed K, Hambiliki F, Wånggren K, Stavreus-Evers A, Akerud H. The Presence of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein in the Female Reproductive Tract and in Embryos. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:941-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110374366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nordqvist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Kårehed
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredwell Hambiliki
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Wånggren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Akerud
- Department of Women's and Childrens Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
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