151
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Boccardi V, Paolisso G, Mecocci P. Nutrition and lifestyle in healthy aging: the telomerase challenge. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:12-5. [PMID: 26826704 PMCID: PMC4761710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition and lifestyle, known to modulate aging process and age-related diseases, might also affect telomerase activity. Short and dysfunctional telomeres rather than average telomere length are associated with longevity in animal models, and their rescue by telomerase maybe sufficient to restore cell and organismal viability. Improving telomerase activation in stem cells and potentially in other cells by diet and lifestyle interventions may represent an intriguing way to promote health-span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Aging and Metabolic Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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152
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Rehkopf DH, Needham BL, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Zota AR, Wojcicki JM, Epel ES. Leukocyte Telomere Length in Relation to 17 Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study of US Adults. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002188. [PMID: 27898678 PMCID: PMC5127504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a putative biological marker of immune system age, and there are demonstrated associations between LTL and cardiovascular disease. This may be due in part to the relationship of LTL with other biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, the strength of associations between LTL and adiposity, metabolic, proinflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers has not been systematically evaluated in a United States nationally representative population. METHODS AND FINDINGS We examined associations between LTL and 17 cardiovascular biomarkers, including lipoproteins, blood sugar, circulatory pressure, proinflammatory markers, kidney function, and adiposity measures, in adults ages 20 to 84 from the cross-sectional US nationally representative 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 7,252), statistically adjusting for immune cell type distributions. We also examine whether these associations differed systematically by age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, and income. We found that a one unit difference in the following biomarkers were associated with kilobase pair differences in LTL: BMI -0.00478 (95% CI -0.00749--0.00206), waist circumference -0.00211 (95% CI -0.00325--0.000969), percentage of body fat -0.00516 (95% CI -0.00761--0.0027), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 0.00179 (95% CI 0.000571-0.00301), triglycerides -0.000285 (95% CI -0.000555--0.0000158), pulse rate -0.00194 (95% CI -0.00317--0.000705), C-reactive protein -0.0363 (95% CI 0.0601--0.0124), cystatin C -0.0391 (95% CI -0.0772--0.00107). When using clinical cut-points we additionally found associations between LTL and insulin resistance -0.0412 (95% CI -0.0685--0.0139), systolic blood pressure 0.0455 (95% CI 0.00137-0.0897), and diastolic blood pressure -0.0674 (95% CI -0.126--0.00889). These associations were 10%-15% greater without controlling for leukocyte cell types. There were very few differences in the associations by age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, or income. Our findings are relevant to the relationships between these cardiovascular biomarkers in the general population but not to cardiovascular disease as a clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS LTL is most strongly associated with adiposity, but is also associated with biomarkers across several physiological systems. LTL may thus be a predictor of cardiovascular disease through its association with multiple risk factors that are physiologically correlated with risk for development of cardiovascular disease. Our results are consistent with LTL being a biomarker of cardiovascular aging through established physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Rehkopf
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Janet M. Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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153
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Scinicariello F, Buser MC. Urinary antimony and leukocyte telomere length: An analysis of NHANES 1999-2002. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:513-518. [PMID: 27423705 PMCID: PMC5685488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG) at the end of chromosomes. Cells with critically short telomeres enter replicative senescence and apoptosis. Several in vitro studies report that antimony causes cell apoptosis in human leukocyte cell lines. The goal of this analysis was to investigate whether there is an association between antimony exposure and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) among US adults aged 20 and older based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. We used multivariate linear regression to analyze the association of urinary antimony with LTL. LTL was log-natural transformed and the results were re-transformed and presented as percent differences. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of urinary antimony had statistically significantly shorter LTL (-4.78%, 95% CI: -8.42,-0.90; and -6.11%, 95% CI: -11.04,-1.00, respectively) compared to the lowest referent quartile, with evidence of a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend =0.03). Shorter LTL with antimony was driven by middle aged (40-59 years) and older (60-85 years) adult groups. The association may be biologically plausible because of reported oxidative stress and apoptosis effects of antimony on blood cells, effects known to shorten telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Scinicariello
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Melanie C Buser
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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154
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Guzzardi MA, Iozzo P, Salonen MK, Kajantie E, Airaksinen R, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Eriksson JG. Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants Predicts Telomere Length in Older Age: Results from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Aging Dis 2016; 7:540-552. [PMID: 27699078 PMCID: PMC5036950 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the occurrence of chronic pathologies becomes more common. Leukocyte telomere shortening associates to ageing and age-related diseases. Recent studies suggest that environmental chemicals can affect telomere length. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are most relevant, since they are ingested with foods, and accumulate in the body for a long time. This longitudinal study was undertaken to test if circulating POPs predict telomere length and shortening in elderly people. We studied 1082 subjects belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (born 1934-1944), undergoing two visits (2001-2004 and 2011-2014). POPs (oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, p, p’-DDE, PCB 153, BDE 47, BDE 153) were analysed at baseline. Relative telomere length was measured twice, ’10 years apart, by quantitative real-time PCR. Oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor and PCB-153 levels were significant predictors of telomere length and shortening. In men, we did not find a linear relationship between POPs exposure and telomere shortening. In women, a significant reduction across quartiles categories of oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor exposure was observed. Baseline characteristics of subjects in the highest POPs categories included higher levels of C-reactive protein and fasting glucose, and lower body fat percentage. This is one of few studies combining POPs and telomere length. Our results indicate that exposure to oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor and PCB 153 predicts telomere attrition. This finding is important because concentrations of POPs observed here occur in contemporary younger people, and may contribute to an accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Minna K Salonen
- 2National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland; 6Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Helsingfors Universitet, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- 2National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland; 3Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 4PEDEGO Research Group, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Airaksinen
- 8National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Protection, Chemicals and Health Unit, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- 8National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Protection, Chemicals and Health Unit, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- 8National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Protection, Chemicals and Health Unit, Finland
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- 2National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland; 5Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 6Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Helsingfors Universitet, Helsinki, Finland; 7Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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155
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Peng H, Mete M, Desale S, Fretts AM, Cole SA, Best LG, Lin J, Blackburn E, Lee ET, Howard BV, Zhao J. Leukocyte telomere length and ideal cardiovascular health in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 32:67-75. [PMID: 27660162 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length, a marker of biological aging, has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), defined by the American Heart Association (AHA), has also been associated with a reduced risk of CVD, but the relationship between telomere length and ideal CVH is unclear. We measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) by qPCR in 2568 American Indians in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). All participants were free of overt CVD at enrollment (2001-2003). CVH indices included four behavioral factors (smoking, physical activity, diet, BMI) and three health factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting glucose). Each index was categorized as poor, intermediate, or ideal according to the AHA's guideline. CVH was further categorized into below average (0-1), average (2-3) and above average (≥4) based on the total number of ideal indices. Results showed that, 29, 50 and 21 % of study participants had below average, average, and above average CVH, respectively. Participants with above average CVH had significantly longer LTL than those with below average CVH (β = 0.034, P = 0.042) after adjusting for age, sex, education level, marital status, processed meat consumption, alcohol consumption, and study site. Compared to the U.S. general population, American Indians achieved lower rates for five out of the seven ideal CVH metrics, including smoking, BMI, physical activity, diet, and blood pressure. Achieving four or more ideal CVH metrics was significantly associated with longer LTL. This finding suggests that achieving an ideal CVH may prevent or delay CVD, probably through promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mihriye Mete
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Sameer Desale
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elisa T Lee
- Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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156
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Interactions between UCP2 SNPs and telomere length exist in the absence of diabetes or pre-diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33147. [PMID: 27615599 PMCID: PMC5018875 DOI: 10.1038/srep33147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can affect oxidative stress levels. UCP2 polymorphisms are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in Type 2 Diabetes, which also induces considerable background oxidative stress. The effects of UCP2 polymorphisms on LTL in populations without diabetes have not been well described. Our aims are to evaluate the interaction between LTL and UCP2 polymorphisms in 950 subjects without diabetes. The monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method was used to measure relative LTL. Taqman SNP genotyping assay was applied to genotypes for UCP2 rs659366 and rs660339. We found shorter LTL associated with increased age (P < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.041). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, rs659336 GG genotype carriers demonstrated a shorter LTL (1.257 ± 0.186), compared to GA carriers (1.288 ± 0.230, P = 0.022) and AA carriers (1.314 ± 0.253, P = 0.002). LTL was shorter in the CC rs660339 genotype (1.254 ± 0.187) compared to TT (1.297 ± 0.242, P = 0.007) and CT carriers (1.292 ± 0.229, P = 0.016). The T allele of rs660339 is associated with a longer LTL of approximately 0.04 compared to CC homozygotes. Thus, UCP2 rs659366 A allele and rs660339 T allele are both related to longer LTL in subjects without diabetes, independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
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157
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De Vusser K, Pieters N, Janssen B, Lerut E, Kuypers D, Jochmans I, Monbaliu D, Pirenne J, Nawrot T, Naesens M. Telomere length, cardiovascular risk and arteriosclerosis in human kidneys: an observational cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:766-75. [PMID: 26539975 PMCID: PMC4637205 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replicative senescence, associated with telomere shortening, plays an important role in aging and cardiovascular disease. The relation between telomere length, cardiovascular risk, and renal disease is unknown. METHODS Our study consisted of a cohort of 257 kidney donors for transplantation, divided into a test and a validation cohort. We used quantitative RT-PCR to measure relative telomere length (log T/S ratio) in peripheral blood leucocytes, and in kidney biopsies performed prior to implantation. The association between leucocyte and intrarenal telomere length, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal histology, was studied using multiple regression models, adjusted for calendar age, gender and other donor demographics. RESULTS Subjects with intrarenal arteriosclerosis had significantly shorter leucocyte telomere length compared with patients without arteriosclerosis (log T/S ratio -0.3±0.4 vs. 0.1±0.2 with vs. without arteriosclerosis; p=0.0008). Intrarenal arteriosclerosis was associated with shorter telomere length, independent of gender, calendar age, history of hypertension and history of cardiovascular events. For each increase of one standard deviation of the log T/S ratio, the odds for intrarenal arteriosclerosis decreased with 64% (Odds ratio 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.77; p=0.02). In accordance with leucocyte telomere length, shorter intrarenal telomere length associated significantly with the presence of renal arteriosclerosis (log T/S ratio -0.04±0.06 vs. 0.08±0.01 with vs. without arteriosclerosis, p=0.007), and not with other histological lesions. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that arteriosclerosis in smaller intrarenal arteries is associated with shorter telomere length. Our study suggests a central role of replicative senescence in the progression of renovascular disease, independent of calendar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Vusser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Pieters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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158
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Lee JY, Shin C, Baik I. Longitudinal associations between micronutrient consumption and leukocyte telomere length. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:236-243. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition; College of Natural Sciences; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
| | - C. Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine; Korea University Ansan Hospital; Ansan-si Korea
| | - I. Baik
- Department of Foods and Nutrition; College of Natural Sciences; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
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159
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Dietary patterns, food groups and telomere length: a systematic review of current studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:151-158. [PMID: 27530475 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is recognized as a biomarker of aging and shorter telomeres are linked with shorter lifespan. Inter-individual variability in telomere length is highly heritable. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in the controversial relationship between diet and TL. Evaluating the impact of diet at the food group and dietary pattern level will provide greater insight into the effect of diet on TL dynamics, which are of significant importance in health and longevity. This article reports the first systematic review of the relation between food groups, dietary patterns and TL in human populations based on PRISMA guidelines. DESIGN PubMed, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were electronically searched for all relevant studies, up to November 2015. Among the 17 included studies, 3 and 10 of them were regarding the effect of dietary patterns and various food groups on TL, respectively. Also, in 4 studies, both dietary patterns and different food groups were assessed in relation to TL. Mediterranean dietary pattern was related to longer TL in 3 studies. Five studies indicated beneficial effect of fruits or vegetables on TL. In 7 studies, a reverse association between TL and intake of cereals, processed meat, and fats and oils was reported. Our systematic review supports the health benefits of adherence to Mediterranean diet on TL. Except for the fruits and vegetables, which showed positive association with TL, results were inconsistent for other dietary factors. Also, certain food categories including processed meat, cereals and sugar-sweetened beverages may be associated with shorter TLs. However, additional epidemiological evidence and clinical trials should be considered in future research in order to develop firm conclusions in this regard.
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160
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Does Telomere Shortening Precede the Onset of Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Mice? Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19:422-9. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length is widely considered as a marker of biological aging. Clinical studies have reported associations between reduced telomere length and hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare telomere length in hypertensive and normotensive mice at pre-disease and established disease time points to determine whether telomere length differs between the strains before and after the onset of disease. Genomic DNA was extracted from kidney and heart tissues of 4-, 12-, and 20-week-old male hypertensive (BPH/2J) and normotensive (BPN/3J) mice. Relative telomere length (T/S) was measured using quantitative PCR. Age was inversely correlated with telomere length in both strains. In 4-week-old pre-hypertensive animals, no difference in T/S was observed between BPH/2J and BPN/3J animals in kidney or heart tissue (kidney p = 0.14, heart p = 0.06). Once the animals had established disease, at 12 and 20 weeks, BPH/2J mice had significantly shorter telomeres when compared to their age-matched controls in both kidney (12 weeks p < 0.001 and 20 weeks p = 0.004) and heart tissues (12 weeks p < 0.001 and 20 weeks p < 0.001). This is the first study to show that differences in telomere lengths between BPH/2J and BPN/3J mice occur after the development of hypertension and do not cause hypertension in the BPH/2J mice.
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161
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Martín-Fernández B, Gredilla R. Mitochondria and oxidative stress in heart aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:225-238. [PMID: 27449187 PMCID: PMC5061683 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As average lifespan of humans increases in western countries, cardiac diseases become the first cause of death. Aging is among the most important risk factors that increase susceptibility for developing cardiovascular diseases. The heart has very aerobic metabolism, and is highly dependent on mitochondrial function, since mitochondria generate more than 90 % of the intracellular ATP consumed by cardiomyocytes. In the last few decades, several investigations have supported the relevance of mitochondria and oxidative stress both in heart aging and in the development of cardiac diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the current review, we compile different studies corroborating this role. Increased mitochondria DNA instability, impaired bioenergetic efficiency, enhanced apoptosis, and inflammation processes are some of the events related to mitochondria that occur in aging heart, leading to reduced cellular survival and cardiac dysfunction. Knowing the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in the aging process will provide a better understanding of them and allow finding approaches to more efficiently improve this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Gredilla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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162
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Salmon AB. Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process? Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E24. [PMID: 27438860 PMCID: PMC5039573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous correlative data, a causative role for oxidative stress in mammalian longevity has remained elusive. However, there is strong evidence that increased oxidative stress is associated with exacerbation of many diseases and pathologies that are also strongly related to advanced age. Obesity, or increased fat accumulation, is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide and is associated with not only metabolic dysfunction but also increased levels of oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, obesity is also associated with significantly increased risks of cardiovascular disease, neurological decline and cancer among many other diseases as well as a significantly increased risk of mortality. In this review, we investigate the possible interpretation that the increased incidence of these diseases in obesity may be due to chronic oxidative stress mediating segmental acceleration of the aging process. Understanding how obesity can alter cellular physiology beyond that directly related to metabolic function could open new therapeutic areas of approach to extend the period of healthy aging among people of all body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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163
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Gebreab SY, Riestra P, Gaye A, Khan RJ, Xu R, Davis AR, Quarells RC, Davis SK, Gibbons GH. Perceived neighborhood problems are associated with shorter telomere length in African American women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 69:90-7. [PMID: 27070760 PMCID: PMC5051547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES African Americans (AA) experience higher levels of stress related to living in racially segregated and poor neighborhoods. However, little is known about the associations between perceived neighborhood environments and cellular aging among adult AA. This study examined whether perceived neighborhood environments were associated with telomere length (TL) in AA after adjustment for individual-level risk factors. METHODS The analysis included 158 women and 75 men AA aged 30-55 years from the Morehouse School of Medicine Study. Relative TL (T/S ratio) was measured from peripheral blood leukocytes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood social cohesion, problems, and overall unfavorable perceptions with log-TL. RESULTS Women had significantly longer TL than men (0.59 vs. 0.54, p=0.012). After controlling for sociodemographic, and biomedical and psychosocial factors, a 1-SD increase in perceived neighborhood problems was associated with 7.3% shorter TL in women (Mean Difference [MD]=-0.073 (Standard Error=0.03), p=0.012). Overall unfavorable perception of neighborhood was also associated with 5.9% shorter TL among women (MD=-0.059(0.03), p=0.023). Better perceived social cohesion were associated with 2.4% longer TL, but did not reach statistical significance (MD=0.024(0.02), p=0.218). No association was observed between perceived neighborhood environments and TL in men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that perceived neighborhood environments may be predictive of cellular aging in AA women even after accounting for individual-level risk factors. Additional research with a larger sample is needed to determine whether perceived neighborhood environments are causally related to TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Y Gebreab
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Pia Riestra
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amadou Gaye
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rumana J Khan
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ruihua Xu
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam R Davis
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rakale C Quarells
- Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sharon K Davis
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gary H Gibbons
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Cardiovascular Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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164
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The impact of hypertension on leukocyte telomere length: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:99-105. [PMID: 27357526 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a novel biomarker for age and age-related diseases. Several epidemiological studies have examined the association between telomere length in surrogate tissues (for example, blood cells) and hypertension, and meanwhile the majority of studies reported an association some individual studies do not. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the hypothesis that, in humans, telomere length is related with hypertension. Searches were conducted in Pubmed by September 2015 and reference lists of retrieved citations were hand searched. Eligible studies measured telomeres for both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. No restrictions were placed on sample size, publication type, age or gender. We calculated summary estimates using fixed and random effects meta-analysis. Publication bias and heterogeneity among studies were further tested. Meta-analyses from 3097 participants (1415 patients with hypertension and 1682 control subjects) showed a significant standardized mean difference between LTL in hypertensive patients and controls, either in the fixed (P<5 × 10-6) or the random model (P<0.005). Heterogeneity among studies was substantial (Q-statistic P-value <0.001, I2 97.73%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study changed the standardized mean difference qualitatively (0.022> random model P-value >0.002). Egger's test for asymmetry of effect sizes (intercept±s.e.=-7.278±3.574; P=0.072) did not show evidence for strong study publication bias. Leukocyte telomeres may be shorter in hypertensive than in normotensive individuals. Larger studies controlling for confounder effects are needed to confirm these findings and further explore sources of heterogeneity.
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165
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Hamad R, Walter S, Rehkopf DH. Telomere length and health outcomes: A two-sample genetic instrumental variables analysis. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:88-94. [PMID: 27321645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies linking telomere length (TL) and health have been largely associational. We apply genetic instrumental variables (IV) analysis, also known as Mendelian randomization, to test the hypothesis that shorter TL leads to poorer health. This method reduces bias from reverse causation or confounding. METHODS We used two approaches in this study that rely on two separate data sources: (1) individual-level data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (N=3734), and (2) coefficients from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed two-sample genetic IV analyses, constructing a polygenic risk score (PRS) of TL-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. The first approach examined the association of the PRS with nine individual health outcomes in HRS. The second approach took advantage of estimates available in GWAS databases to estimate the impact of TL on five health outcomes using an inverse variance-weighted meta-analytic technique. RESULTS Using individual-level data, shorter TL was marginally statistically significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and increased risk of heart disease. Using the meta-analytic approach, shorter TL was associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (OR 1.02 per 100 base pairs, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.03). DISCUSSION With the exception of a small contribution to heart disease, our findings suggest that TL may be a marker of disease rather than a cause. They also demonstrate the utility of the inverse variance-weighted meta-analytic approach when examining small effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hamad
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Stefan Walter
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David H Rehkopf
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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166
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Verhulst S, Dalgård C, Labat C, Kark JD, Kimura M, Christensen K, Toupance S, Aviv A, Kyvik KO, Benetos A. A short leucocyte telomere length is associated with development of insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1258-65. [PMID: 27020448 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A number of studies have shown that leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is inversely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present longitudinal cohort study, utilising a twin design, was to assess whether shorter LTL predicts insulin resistance or is a consequence thereof. METHODS Participants were recruited between 1997 and 2000 through the population-based national Danish Twin Registry to participate in the GEMINAKAR study, a longitudinal evaluation of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline and follow-up measurements of LTL and insulin resistance over an average of 12 years were performed in a subset of the Registry consisting of 338 (184 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic) same-sex twin pairs. RESULTS Age at baseline examination was 37.4 ± 9.6 (mean ± SD) years. Baseline insulin resistance was not associated with age-dependent changes in LTL (attrition) over the follow-up period, whereas baseline LTL was associated with changes in insulin resistance during this period. The shorter the LTL at baseline, the more pronounced was the increase in insulin resistance over the follow-up period (p < 0.001); this effect was additive to that of BMI. The co-twin with the shorter baseline LTL displayed higher insulin resistance at follow-up than the co-twin with the longer LTL. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that individuals with short LTL are more likely to develop insulin resistance later in life. By contrast, presence of insulin resistance does not accelerate LTL attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Labat
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Toupance
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanase Benetos
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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167
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Bautista-Niño PK, Portilla-Fernandez E, Vaughan DE, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. DNA Damage: A Main Determinant of Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E748. [PMID: 27213333 PMCID: PMC4881569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging plays a central role in health problems and mortality in older people. Apart from the impact of several classical cardiovascular risk factors on the vasculature, chronological aging remains the single most important determinant of cardiovascular problems. The causative mechanisms by which chronological aging mediates its impact, independently from classical risk factors, remain to be elucidated. In recent years evidence has accumulated that unrepaired DNA damage may play an important role. Observations in animal models and in humans indicate that under conditions during which DNA damage accumulates in an accelerated rate, functional decline of the vasculature takes place in a similar but more rapid or more exaggerated way than occurs in the absence of such conditions. Also epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between DNA maintenance and age-related cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, mouse models of defective DNA repair are means to study the mechanisms involved in biological aging of the vasculature. We here review the evidence of the role of DNA damage in vascular aging, and present mechanisms by which genomic instability interferes with regulation of the vascular tone. In addition, we present potential remedies against vascular aging induced by genomic instability. Central to this review is the role of diverse types of DNA damage (telomeric, non-telomeric and mitochondrial), of cellular changes (apoptosis, senescence, autophagy), mediators of senescence and cell growth (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)/senescence-messaging secretome (SMS), insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling), the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) axis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) vs. endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 and 5, transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and diet restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Bautista-Niño
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
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168
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Guzzardi MA, Iozzo P, Salonen MK, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Maternal adiposity and infancy growth predict later telomere length: a longitudinal cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1063-9. [PMID: 27102052 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy, and childhood growth patterns are risk factors influencing long-term health outcomes among the offspring. Furthermore, poor health condition has been associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in adult subjects. We aimed to assess whether maternal adiposity during pregnancy and growth trajectory during infancy predict leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in later life. SUBJECTS/METHODS We studied a cohort of 1082 subjects belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born between 1934 and 1944. They underwent two clinical visits 10 years apart (2001-2004 and 2011-2013), during which LTL and anthropometrics were assessed. Birth records included birth weight, length, maternal body mass index (BMI) at the end of pregnancy. Serial measurements of height and weight from birth to 11 years were available. RESULTS Higher maternal BMI was associated with shorter LTL in elderly women (r=-0.102, P=0.024) but not in men. Also, in women but not in men shorter LTL and greater telomere shortening over a 10-year interval were predicted by higher weight at 12 months of age (P=0.008 and P=0.029, respectively), and higher weight gain during the first 12 months of life (P=0.008 and P=0.006, respectively), particularly between 6 and 9 months of age (P=0.002 for both LTL and LTL shortening rate). A correlation between younger age at adiposity rebound and shorter LTL at 60 years (P=0.022) was also found. CONCLUSIONS High maternal adiposity during pregnancy is associated with shorter LTL in elderly female offspring, but not in men. Moreover, higher weight and weight gain during the first year of life and younger age at adiposity rebound predict shorter LTL in older age in women, suggesting that rapid growth during the perinatal period accelerates cellular aging in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - P Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - M K Salonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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169
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Tamura Y, Takubo K, Aida J, Araki A, Ito H. Telomere attrition and diabetes mellitus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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170
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Barden A, O'Callaghan N, Burke V, Mas E, Beilin LJ, Fenech M, Irish AB, Watts GF, Puddey IB, Huang RC, Mori TA. n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:175. [PMID: 27007392 PMCID: PMC4808901 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA telomere shortening associates with the age-related increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Reducing oxidative stress, could modify telomere erosion during cell replication, and CVD risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of n-3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) on telomere length was studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in CKD. Eighty-five CKD patients were randomized to: n-3 fatty acids (4 g); CoQ (200 mg); both supplements; or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. Telomere length was measured in neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at baseline and 8 weeks, with and without correction for cell counts. Main and interactive effects of n-3 fatty acids and CoQ on telomere length were assessed adjusting for baseline values. F2-isoprostanes were measured as markers of oxidative stress. There was no effect of n-3 fatty acids or CoQ on neutrophil or PBMC telomere length. However, telomere length corrected for neutrophil count was increased after n-3 fatty acids (p = 0.015). Post-intervention plasma F2-isoprostanes were negative predictors of post-intervention telomere length corrected for neutrophil count (p = 0.025).The effect of n-3 fatty acids to increased telomere length corrected for neutrophil count may relate to reduced oxidative stress and increased clearance of neutrophils with shorter telomeres from the circulation. This may be a novel mechanism of modifying CVD risk in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Valerie Burke
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Emile Mas
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ashley B Irish
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ian B Puddey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco 6008, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
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171
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Optimization of a Relative Telomere Length Assay by Monochromatic Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR on the LightCycler 480: Sources of Variability and Quality Control Considerations. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:425-437. [PMID: 26972047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) measurement is central to many biomedical research, population, and epidemiology studies, with promising potential as a clinical tool. Various assays are used to determine TL, depending on the type and size of the sample. We describe the detailed optimization of a monochromatic multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (MMqPCR) assay for relative TL using the LightCycler 480. MMqPCR was initially developed using a different instrument with many separate reagents. Differences in instrument performance, reagents, and workflow required substantial optimization for the assay to be compatible with the LightCycler 480. We optimized the chemistry of the assay using a purchased one-component reaction mix and herein describe sources of variability and quality control relevant to the MMqPCR TL assay on any instrument. Finally, the assay was validated against other TL assays, such as terminal restriction fragment, Southern blot, and flow fluorescent in situ hybridization. The correlations obtained between data from MMqPCR and these assays (R(2) = 0.88 and 0.81) were comparable to those seen with the monoplex version (R(2) = 0.85 and 0.82) when the same samples were assayed. The intrarun and interrun CV ranged from 4.2% to 6.2% and 3.2% to 4.9%, respectively. We describe a protocol for measuring TL on the LightCycler platform that provides a robust high-throughput method applicable to clinical diagnostics or large-scale studies of archived specimens.
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172
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Zhou Y, Ning Z, Lee Y, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Shortened leukocyte telomere length in type 2 diabetes mellitus: genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and telomeric pathways. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 26951191 PMCID: PMC4781821 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current debate in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has focused on shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as the result of a number of possible causes, including polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) leading to oxidative stress, telomere regulatory pathway gene polymorphisms, or as a direct result of associated cardiovascular complications inducing tissue organ inflammation and oxidative stress. There is evidence that a heritable shorter telomere trait is a risk factor for development of T2DM. This review discusses the contribution and balance of genetic regulation of UCPs and telomere pathways in the context of T2DM. We discuss genotypes that are well known to influence the shortening of LTL, in particular OBFC1 and telomerase genotypes such as TERC. Interestingly, the interaction between short telomeres and T2DM risk appears to involve mitochondrial dysfunction as an intermediate process. A hypothesis is presented that genetic heterogeneity within UCPs may directly affect oxidative stress that feeds back to influence the fine balance of telomere regulation, cell cycle regulation and diabetes risk and/or metabolic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhixin Ning
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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173
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Telomere Length Maintenance and Cardio-Metabolic Disease Prevention Through Exercise Training. Sports Med 2016; 46:1213-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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174
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Alda M, Puebla-Guedea M, Rodero B, Demarzo M, Montero-Marin J, Roca M, Garcia-Campayo J. Zen meditation, Length of Telomeres, and the Role of Experiential Avoidance and Compassion. Mindfulness (N Y) 2016; 7:651-659. [PMID: 27217844 PMCID: PMC4859856 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-016-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness refers to an awareness that emerges by intentionally focusing on the present experience in a nonjudgmental or evaluative manner. Evidence regarding its efficacy has been increasing exponentially, and recent research suggests that the practice of meditation is associated with longer leukocyte telomere length. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this potential relationship are unknown. We examined the telomere lengths of a group of 20 Zen meditation experts and another 20 healthy matched comparison participants who had not previously meditated. We also measured multiple psychological variables related to meditation practice. Genomic DNA was extracted for telomere measurement using a Life Length proprietary program. High-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (HT-Q-FISH) was used to measure the telomere length distribution and the median telomere length (MTL). The meditators group had a longer MTL (p = 0.005) and a lower percentage of short telomeres in individual cells (p = 0.007) than those in the comparison group. To determine which of the psychological variables contributed more to telomere maintenance, two regression analyses were conducted. In the first model, which applied to the MTL, the following three factors were significant: age, absence of experiential avoidance, and Common Humanity subscale of the Self Compassion Scale. Similarly, in the model that examined the percentage of short telomeres, the same factors were significant: age, absence of experiential avoidance, and Common Humanity subscale of the Self Compassion Scale. Although limited by a small sample size, these results suggest that the absence of experiential avoidance of negative emotions and thoughts is integral to the connection between meditation and telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alda
- />Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- />Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Puebla-Guedea
- />Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Marcelo Demarzo
- />University Federal of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- />Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miquel Roca
- />Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
- />Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears Red de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria (RediAPP), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Campayo
- />Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- />Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
- />Miguel Servet University Hospital, Avda Isabel La Catolica 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Dlouha D, Pitha J, Mesanyova J, Mrazkova J, Fellnerova A, Stanek V, Lanska V, Hubacek JA. Genetic variants within telomere-associated genes, leukocyte telomere length and the risk of acute coronary syndrome in Czech women. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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176
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Bernadotte A, Mikhelson VM, Spivak IM. Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:3-11. [PMID: 26805432 PMCID: PMC4761709 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The cellular senescence definition comes to the fact of cells irreversible proliferation disability. Besides the cell cycle arrest, senescent cells go through some morphological, biochemical, and functional changes which are the signs of cellular senescence. The senescent cells (including replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence) of all the tissues look alike. They are metabolically active and possess the set of characteristics in vitro and in vivo, which are known as biomarkers of aging and cellular senescence. Among biomarkers of cellular senescence telomere shortening is a rather elegant frequently used biomarker. Validity of telomere shortening as a marker for cellular senescence is based on theoretical and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bernadotte
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, 14157, Sweden
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110 Russia
| | - Victor M. Mikhelson
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina M. Spivak
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg's State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg's Polytechnic State University, Saint-Petersburg, 195251 Russia
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177
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Faul JD, Mitchell CM, Smith JA, Zhao W. Estimating Telomere Length Heritability in an Unrelated Sample of Adults: Is Heritability of Telomere Length Modified by Life Course Socioeconomic Status? BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2016; 62:73-86. [PMID: 27050034 PMCID: PMC5117361 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2015.1120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a widely used marker of biological aging and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been evidence for an association between TL and socioeconomic status (SES), particularly for measures of education and childhood SES. Individual differences in TL are also influenced by genetic factors, with heritability estimates from twin and sibling studies ranging from 34 to 82 percent. Yet the additive heritability of TL as a result of measured genetic variations and the extent to which heritability is modified by SES is still unknown. Data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative cohort of older adults (mean age 69 years), were used to provide the first estimates of molecular-based heritability of TL using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). We found that additive genetic variance contributed 28 percent (p = .012) of total phenotypic variance of TL in the European American sample (n = 3,290). Estimation using the GCTA and KING Robust relationship inference methods did not differ significantly in this sample. None of the variance from the gene-by-SES interactions examined contributed significantly to the total TL variance. Estimation of heritability and genetic interaction with SES in the African American sample (n = 442) was too unstable to provide reliable estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Faul
- a Survey Research Center , Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Colter M Mitchell
- a Survey Research Center , Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- b School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- b School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
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FoxO1 signaling plays a pivotal role in the cardiac telomere biology responses to calorie restriction. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:119-30. [PMID: 26708219 PMCID: PMC4718961 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether the forkhead transcription factors of O group 1 (FoxO1) might be involved in telomere biology during calorie restriction (CR). We used FoxO1-knockout heterozygous mice (FoxO1+/−) and wild-type mice (WT) as a control. Both WT and FoxO1+/− were subjected to ad libitum (AL) feeding or 30 % CR compared to AL for 20 weeks from 15 weeks of age. The heart-to-body weight ratio, blood glucose, and serum lipid profiles were not different among all groups of mice at the end of the study. Telomere size was significantly lower in the FoxO1+/−-AL than the WT-AL, and telomere attrition was not observed in either WT-CR or FoxO1+/−-CR. Telomerase activity was elevated in the heart and liver of WT-CR, but not in those of FoxO1+/−-CR. The phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited and Sirt 1 was activated in heart tissues of WT-CR and FoxO1+/−-CR. However, the ratio of conjugated to cytosolic light chain 3 increased and the level of p62 decreased in WT-CR, but not in FoxO1+/−-CR. A marker of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OhdG, was significantly lower in WT-CR only. The level of MnSOD and eNOS increased, and the level of cleaved caspase-3 decreased in WT-CR, but not FoxO1+/−-CR. Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic dimensions were significantly lower in WT-CR or FoxO1+/−-CR than WT-AL or FoxO1+/−-AL, respectively. The present studies suggest that FoxO1 plays beneficial roles by inducing genes involved in telomerase activity, as well as anti-oxidant, autophagic, and anti-apoptotic genes under conditions of CR, and suggest that FoxO1 signaling may be an important mediator of metabolic equilibrium during CR.
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179
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A prospective study of leukocyte telomere length and risk of phobic anxiety among women. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:545-52. [PMID: 26603336 PMCID: PMC4767547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively examined the relation of relative telomere lengths (RTLs), a marker of biological aging, to phobic anxiety in later-life. RTLs in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured among 3194 women in the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood samples in 1989/90. The Crown-Crisp Phobic Index (CCI, range=0–16) was assessed in 1988 and 2004. Only participants with CCI≤3 (consistent with no meaningful anxiety symptoms) in 1988 were included. We related baseline RTLs to odds ratios (ORs) of incident high phobic anxiety symptoms (CCI≥6). To enhance clinical relevance, we used finite mixture modeling (FMM) to relate baseline RTLs to latent classes of CCI in 2004. RTLs were not significantly associated with high phobic anxiety symptoms after 16 years of follow-up. However, FMM identified 3 groups of phobic symptoms in later-life: severe, minimal/intermediate, and non-anxious. The severe group had non-significantly shorter multivariable-adjusted mean RTLs than the minimal/intermediate and non-anxious groups. Women with shorter telomeres vs. longest telomeres had non-significantly higher likelihood of being in the severe vs. non-anxious group. Overall, there was no significant association between RTLs and incident phobic anxiety symptoms. Further work is required to explore potential connections of telomere length and emergence of severe phobic anxiety symptoms during later-life.
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180
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Lian F, Wang J, Huang X, Wu Y, Cao Y, Tan X, Xu X, Hong Y, Yang L, Gao X. Effect of vegetable consumption on the association between peripheral leucocyte telomere length and hypertension: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009305. [PMID: 26560064 PMCID: PMC4654285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral leucocyte telomere length has been suggested to be inversely associated with hypertension risk. Both telomere length and hypertension risk can be modified by certain dietary factors, such as fruit and vegetables. This study was to examine the potential effect of these dietary factors on the association between telomere length and hypertension risk. STUDY DESIGN A community-based case-control study. PARTICIPANTS 271 hypertensive patients and 455 normotensive controls aged 40-70 years and living in Yinzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. OUTCOME MEASURES Peripheral leucocyte relative telomere length (RTL) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Dietary intake was assessed by a brief semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between RTL and hypertension risk was analysed using logistic regression, and the modulatory effect of dietary intake on RTL-related hypertension risk was analysed using likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS Among controls, longer age-adjusted RTL was associated with higher vegetable intake (p=0.01). Individuals with longer age-adjusted RTL (based on median value) were 30% less likely to have hypertension (OR=0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96; p=0.03). The observed RTL-hypertension relationship appeared to be modified by vegetable intake-longer RTL was significantly associated with lower hypertension risk only in those with greater vegetable consumption (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.57; p<0.001), but not in those with lower vegetable intake (P-interaction=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Certain dietary factors might modify telomere-related hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Lian
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xianhong Huang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Cao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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181
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Haussmann MF, Heidinger BJ. Telomere dynamics may link stress exposure and ageing across generations. Biol Lett 2015; 11:20150396. [PMID: 26538535 PMCID: PMC4685533 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exposure to stressors is known to increase disease susceptibility and accelerate ageing, evidence is accumulating that these effects can span more than one generation. Stressors experienced by parents have been reported to negatively influence the longevity of their offspring and even grand offspring. The mechanisms underlying these long-term, cross-generational effects are still poorly understood, but we argue here that telomere dynamics are likely to play an important role. In this review, we begin by surveying the current connections between stress and telomere dynamics. We then lay out the evidence that exposure to stressors in the parental generation influences telomere dynamics in offspring and potentially subsequent generations. We focus on evidence in mammalian and avian studies and highlight several promising areas where our understanding is incomplete and future investigations are critically needed. Understanding the mechanisms that link stress exposure across generations requires interdisciplinary studies and is essential to both the biomedical community seeking to understand how early adversity impacts health span and evolutionary ecologists interested in how changing environmental conditions are likely to influence age-structured population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Britt J Heidinger
- Biological Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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182
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Loprinzi PD, Loenneke JP, Blackburn EH. Movement-Based Behaviors and Leukocyte Telomere Length among US Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:2347-52. [PMID: 25970659 PMCID: PMC10597460 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has become a hallmark characteristic of aging. Some, but not all, evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) may play an important role in attenuating age-related diseases and may provide a protective effect for telomeres. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between PA and LTL in a national sample of US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2002 (n = 6503; 20-84 yr) were used. Four self-report questions related to movement-based behaviors (MBB) were assessed. The four MBB included whether individuals participated in moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA, walking/cycling for transportation, and muscle-strengthening activities. An MBB index variable was created by summing the number of MBB an individual engaged in (range, 0-4). RESULTS A clear dose-response relation was observed between MBB and LTL; across the LTL tertiles, respectively, the mean numbers of MBB were 1.18, 1.44, and 1.54 (Ptrend < 0.001). After adjustments (including age) and compared with those engaging in 0 MBB, those engaging in 1, 2, 3, and 4 MBB, respectively, had a 3% (P = 0.84), 24% (P = 0.02), 29% (P = 0.04), and 52% (P = 0.004) reduced odds of being in the lowest (vs highest) tertile of LTL; MBB was not associated with being in the middle (vs highest) tertile of LTL. CONCLUSIONS Greater engagement in MBB was associated with reduced odds of being in the lowest LTL tertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Loprinzi
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Elizabeth H. Blackburn
- Blackburn Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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183
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Telomere length is not associated with frailty in older Chinese elderly: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 152:74-9. [PMID: 26483096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening has been associated with biological age and several chronic degenerative diseases. However, less is known about telomere length and frailty, which is an indicator of biological age. This study examines the association between telomere length and frailty in a prospective study over five years of 2006 men and women aged 65 years and older living in the community. The frailty status was determined by the Fried's criteria. Telomere length in leukocytes was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between telomere length and incidence of frailty. Among 2006 subjects (mean age 72.4±5.1 years, 51.3% women), the mean telomere length at baseline was 9.1±2.0kb and the frailty phenotype was detected in 127 subjects (6.3%). Male gender was related to shorter telomere length, with increased years of age related to a shortened telomere length (P<0.05). In both men and women, no statistically significant difference of telomere length and the frailty phenotype was observed at baseline. After 4 years of follow-up, 116 cases of frailty were identified. There was no association between telomere length and incident frailty. In conclusion, telomere length was not associated with frailty in this study population.
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184
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Telomere Length Is Not Related to Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Does Correlate with Red and White Blood Cell Counts in a German Blood Donor Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139308. [PMID: 26445269 PMCID: PMC4596489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is considered a marker of biological aging and has been associated with the presence of various coronary risk factors in patients. Much less is known about the relationships between TL and classic coronary risk factors in other populations. We measured TL in peripheral blood leukocytes of 343 middle-aged blood donors (mean age 40.2 ± 12.4 years; 201 men, 142 women) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Median TL was 0.86 (range: 0.48–1.85) relative TL units. In linear regression analyses with natural log-transformed T to S ratio as the dependent variable, there was a significant association with age (per year: beta = -0.007, p<0.001) and sex (males vs. females: beta = 0.075, p = 0.007) with longer telomeres in men. After adjusting for these two variables, we observed no association of TL with classic coronary risk factors including cholesterol (p = 0.36), triglyceride (p = 0.09), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.26), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.36), smoking (p = 0.97), and personal (p = 0.46) or family history (p = 0.63) of cardiovascular disease. However, we did find a significant positive association with white (p = 0.011) and red blood cell count (p = 0.031), hemoglobin (p = 0.014) and hematocrit (p = 0.013); we also found a borderline positive association with thrombocytes (p = 0.074). Positive associations remained significant for hemoglobin (p = 0.017), hematocrit (p = 0.023), and leukocytes (p = 0.009) in a subgroup with no reported vascular disease; associations were of borderline significance for erythrocytes (p = 0.053) and thrombocytes (p = 0.088) in this subgroup. The data do not support the concept that classic coronary risk factors contribute to telomere attrition in a blood donor population. However, telomere attrition may be a marker for reduced proliferation reserve in hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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185
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Oxidative Stress State Is Associated with Left Ventricular Mechanics Changes, Measured by Speckle Tracking in Essential Hypertensive Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:502107. [PMID: 26504504 PMCID: PMC4609485 DOI: 10.1155/2015/502107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress state is characterized by an increase in oxygen reactive species that overwhelms the antioxidant defense; we do not know if these pathological changes are correlated with alterations in left ventricular mechanics. The aim was correlating the oxidative stress state with the left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Twenty-five patients with essential hypertension and 25 controls paired by age and gender were studied. All of the participants were subjected to echocardiography and biochemical determination of oxidative stress markers. The hypertensive patients, compared with control subjects, had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of oxidized proteins (5.03 ± 1.05 versus 4.06 ± 0.63 nmol/mg), lower levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activity (0.045 ± 0.02 versus 0.082 ± 0.02 U/mg), higher LVEDP (16.2 ± 4.5 versus 11.3 ± 1.6 mm Hg), and lower GLS (−12% versus −16%). Both groups had preserved ejection fraction and the results showed a positive correlation of oxidized proteins with GLS (r = 0.386, p = 0.006) and LVEDP (r = 0.389, p = 0.005); we also found a negative correlation of EC-SOD activity with GLS (r = −0.404, p = 0.004) and LVEDP (r = −0.347, p = 0.014).
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186
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Verhoeven JE, van Oppen P, Puterman E, Elzinga B, Penninx BWJH. The Association of Early and Recent Psychosocial Life Stress With Leukocyte Telomere Length. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:882-91. [PMID: 26374947 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic exposure to psychosocial stressors is related to worse somatic health. This association applies both to stressors early in life, such as childhood adversities, and more recent life stress, such as stressful life events. This study examined whether accelerated telomere shortening, as an indicator of cellular aging, might be an explanatory mechanism. METHODS We examined whether childhood adversities and recent stressful life events were associated with shorter telomeres in 2936 participants (mean [standard deviation] age = 41.8 [13.1] years, 66% women, 57% current depression) of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Telomeres are specialized nucleic acid-protein complexes at the ends of linear DNA that shorten with age; telomere length (TL) was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Childhood life events (β = .004, p = .805) and childhood trauma (β = -.023, p = .205) were not related to shorter TL. However, we found negative associations between recent stressful life events and TL. Persons had shorter telomeres if they reported more stressful life events in the past year (β = -.039, p = .028) and 1 to 5 years ago (β = -.042, p = .018, adjusted for sociodemographics). The relationship between stressful life events and TL became borderline significant when further adjusted for smoking status. No associations with TL were found when stressful life events occurred more than 6 years ago (p > .10). CONCLUSIONS Results show that recent stressful life events are associated with shorter TL. This association is not observed for psychosocial stressors that occur earlier in life. Whether these results are indicative of physiological resiliency remains to be explored by future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E Verhoeven
- From the Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research (Verhoeven, Oppen, Penninx), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry (Puterman), School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Institute of Psychology (Elzinga), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
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187
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Strazhesko I, Tkacheva O, Boytsov S, Akasheva D, Dudinskaya E, Vygodin V, Skvortsov D, Nilsson P. Association of Insulin Resistance, Arterial Stiffness and Telomere Length in Adults Free of Cardiovascular Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136676. [PMID: 26308091 PMCID: PMC4550423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress might be considered the key mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance (IR) is a phenomenon related to inflammatory and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that IR may be associated with cellular senescence, as measured by leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and arterial stiffness (core feature of arterial aging), as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV). Methods The study group included 303 subjects, mean age 51.8 ±13.3 years, free of known cardiovascular diseases and regular drug consumption. For each patient, blood pressure was measured, blood samples were available for biochemical parameters, and LTL was analyzed by real time q PCR. C-f PWV was measured with the help of SphygmoCor. SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results Through multiple linear regression analysis, c-f PWV is independently and positively associated with age (p = 0.0001) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.0001) and independently negatively associated with LTL (p = 0.0378). HOMA-IR seems to have a stronger influence than SBP on arterial stiffness. In all subjects, age, HOMA-IR, LTL, and SBP predicted 32% of the variance in c-f PWV. LTL was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001) and age (p = 0.0001). In all subjects, HOMA-IR, age, sex, and SBP predicted 16% of the variance in LTL. Conclusions These data suggest that IR is associated with cell senescence and arterial aging and could, therefore, become the main target in preventing accelerated arterial aging, besides blood pressure control. Research in telomere biology may reveal new ways of estimating cardiovascular aging and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Strazhesko
- Department of aging and age-associated diseases prevention, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of aging and age-associated diseases prevention, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Boytsov
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Molecular Genetics, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dariga Akasheva
- Department of aging and age-associated diseases prevention, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Dudinskaya
- Department of aging and age-associated diseases prevention, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Vygodin
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Laboratory of Biostatistics, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
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188
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Shin C, Kim NH, Baik I. Sex-Specific Association between Longitudinal Changes in Adiposity, FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism, and Leukocyte Telomere Length. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:245-54. [PMID: 26260984 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1005197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A longitudinal study was conducted to examine sex-specific associations between changes in adiposity over a 10-year period, the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, and leukocyte telomere length (LTL). METHODS A population-based cohort including 2128 middle-aged and older Korean men (n = 1087) and women (n = 1041) participated in a prospective study. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were taken at baseline (from 2001 to 2003) and at the 10-year follow-up period (from 2011 to 2012). The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped using DNA samples collected at baseline and LTL was assessed at the 10-year follow-up period. Multiple linear regression analysis was used with adjustments for age, baseline body mass index, and other potential confounders. RESULTS Presence of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism risk allele was inversely associated with LTL (p < 0.01) in all participants, with a significant association seen only in women when the genders were modeled separately. Conversely, a significant inverse association between changes in waist circumference and LTL was found in men (p < 0.001) but not in women. No significant interaction between adiposity measures and the FTO polymorphism in association with LTL was identified for either sex. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that biological aging in men may be accelerated by increasing waist circumference, whereas in women, aging may be affected by genetic variations in FTO regardless of adiposity changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Shin
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , REPUBLIC OF KOREA.,b Institute of Human Genomic Study , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - Inkyung Baik
- c Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences , Kookmin University , Seoul , REPUBLIC OF KOREA
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189
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Ma L, Li Y, Wang J. Telomeres and essential hypertension. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1195-9. [PMID: 26169243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aims to clarify the relationship between telomeres and essential hypertension. DESIGN AND METHODS A PubMed search and a critical review were performed relating to studies about the clinical and biological relevance of telomeres in essential hypertension. RESULTS Telomeres and telomerase activity play an important role in the occurrence and development of hypertension in both animal and human studies. CONCLUSIONS A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension could reduce the incidence of hypertension-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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190
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Entringer S, Epel ES, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Buss C, Shahbaba B, Gillen DL, Venkataramanan R, Simhan HN, Wadhwa PD. Maternal Folate Concentration in Early Pregnancy and Newborn Telomere Length. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:202-8. [PMID: 26067849 DOI: 10.1159/000381925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Telomere biology plays a fundamental role in genomic integrity and cell physiology. The newborn setting of telomere length (TL) likely has important implications for telomere dynamics over the lifespan; however, its determinants are poorly understood. Folate is essential for DNA integrity. The maternal compartment is the only source of folate for the developing fetus. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that variation in maternal folate during pregnancy is associated with newborn TL. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in 119 mother-newborn dyads. Eligible mothers were enrolled at 9.5 (SD ±2.1) weeks gestation and followed through birth. Concentrations of maternal serum folate were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy. Newborn telomere length was measured in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC). RESULTS After accounting for the effects of other established determinants of newborn TL, each 10 ng/ml increase in maternal total folate was associated with a 5.8% increase in median TL (p = 0.03). The median TL in newborns of mother in the lowest quartile of total folate levels was approximately 10% shorter than that of newborns of mothers in the highest folate quartile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fetal TL exhibits developmental plasticity, and provide evidence that maternal nutrition may exert a 'programming' effect on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Calif.; USA
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191
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Geronimus AT, Pearson JA, Linnenbringer E, Schulz AJ, Reyes AG, Epel ES, Lin J, Blackburn EH. Race-Ethnicity, Poverty, Urban Stressors, and Telomere Length in a Detroit Community-based Sample. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 56:199-224. [PMID: 25930147 PMCID: PMC4621968 DOI: 10.1177/0022146515582100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Residents of distressed urban areas suffer early aging-related disease and excess mortality. Using a community-based participatory research approach in a collaboration between social researchers and cellular biologists, we collected a unique data set of 239 black, white, or Mexican adults from a stratified, multistage probability sample of three Detroit neighborhoods. We drew venous blood and measured telomere length (TL), an indicator of stress-mediated biological aging, linking respondents' TL to their community survey responses. We regressed TL on socioeconomic, psychosocial, neighborhood, and behavioral stressors, hypothesizing and finding an interaction between poverty and racial-ethnic group. Poor whites had shorter TL than nonpoor whites; poor and nonpoor blacks had equivalent TL; and poor Mexicans had longer TL than nonpoor Mexicans. Findings suggest unobserved heterogeneity bias is an important threat to the validity of estimates of TL differences by race-ethnicity. They point to health impacts of social identity as contingent, the products of structurally rooted biopsychosocial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arline T Geronimus
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Erin Linnenbringer
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Angela G Reyes
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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192
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Nezu T, Hosomi N, Takahashi T, Anno K, Aoki S, Shimamoto A, Maruyama H, Hayashi T, Matsumoto M, Tahara H. Telomere G-tail Length is a Promising Biomarker Related to White Matter Lesions and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk: A Cross-sectional Study. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:960-7. [PMID: 26425704 PMCID: PMC4563121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The telomeric 3′-overhang (G-tail) length is essential for the biological effects of telomere dysfunction in vitro, but the association of length with aging and cardiovascular risk is unclear in humans. We investigated the association between the telomere G-tail length of leukocytes and cardiovascular risk, age-related white matter changes (ARWMCs), and endothelial function. Methods Patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease and comorbidity were enrolled (n = 102; 69 males and 33 females, 70.1 ± 9.2 years). Total telomere and telomere G-tail lengths were measured using a hybridization protection assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by ultrasound assessment of brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Findings Shortened telomere G-tail length was associated with age and Framingham risk score (P = 0.018 and P = 0.012). In addition, telomere G-tail length was positively correlated with FMD values (P = 0.031) and negatively with the severity of ARWMCs (P = 0.002). On multivariate regression analysis, telomere G-tail length was independently associated with FMD values (P = 0.022) and the severity of ARWMCs (P = 0.033), whereas total telomere length was not associated with these indicators. Interpretation Telomere G-tail length is associated with age and vascular risk factors, and might be superior to total telomere length as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and ARWMC severity. Telomere G-tail length was measured using a hybridization protection assay in patients with vascular risk factors. Telomere G-tail length was independently related to endothelial function and age-related white matter changes. Telomere G-tail length might be a promising biomarker of vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nezu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hosomi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Anno
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Aoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayasu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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193
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Drury SS, Esteves K, Hatch V, Woodbury M, Borne S, Adamski A, Theall KP. Setting the trajectory: racial disparities in newborn telomere length. J Pediatr 2015; 166:1181-6. [PMID: 25681203 PMCID: PMC4414786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore racial differences in newborn telomere length (TL) and the effect moderation of the sex of the infant while establishing the methodology for the use of newborn blood spots for TL analyses. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant mothers were recruited from the Greater New Orleans area. TL was determined via monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from infant blood spots. Demographic data and other covariates were obtained via maternal report before the infant's birth. Birth outcome data were obtained from medical records and maternal report. RESULTS Black infants weighed significantly less than white infants at birth and had significantly longer TL than white infants (P=.0134), with the strongest effect observed in black female infants. No significant differences in gestational age were present. CONCLUSIONS Significant racial differences in TL were present at birth in this sample, even after we controlled for a range of birth outcomes and demographic factors. Because longer initial TL is predictive of more rapid TL attrition across the life course, these findings provide evidence that, even at birth, biological vulnerability to early life stress may differ by race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy S Drury
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Kyle Esteves
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Virginia Hatch
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Sophie Borne
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Alys Adamski
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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194
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Lee JY, Jun NR, Yoon D, Shin C, Baik I. Association between dietary patterns in the remote past and telomere length. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1048-52. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Reduced telomere length is not associated with early signs of vascular aging in young men born after intrauterine growth restriction: a paradox? J Hypertens 2015; 32:1613-19; discussion 1619-20. [PMID: 24805953 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms that increase cardiovascular risk in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) are not well understood. Telomere shortening has been suggested to be a predictor of disease onset. Our aim was to determine whether impaired intrauterine growth is associated with early signs of vascular aging and whether telomere length could be a biomarker of this pathway. METHODS One hundred and fourteen healthy young men born SGA or after normal pregnancy [appropriate for gestational age (AGA)] were enrolled. Patient data were gathered from questionnaires and clinical exams, including blood pressure (BP) measurement routine laboratory analyses, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was assessed by quantitative PCR. Birth data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS The SGA group had significantly higher pulse pressure and cIMT, and a trend to increased SBP and heart rate in comparison to the AGA group. Interestingly, SGA men exhibited a 42% longer LTL than the AGA group. LTL was inversely associated with age, BMI, BP and birth parameters. In multiple regression analysis, BMI was the key determinant of SBP and cIMT. CONCLUSION Young men born SGA show early signs of vascular aging. Unexpectedly, in our cohort, the SGA group had longer telomeres than the normal controls. Although longer telomeres are predictive of better health in the future, our findings could indicate a faster telomere attrition rate and probable early onset of cardiovascular risk in SGA participants. Follow-up of this cohort will clarify hypothesis and validate telomere dynamics as indicators of future health risks.
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196
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Krishna BH, Keerthi GS, Kumar CK, Reddy NM. Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:CC01-3. [PMID: 25954614 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13076.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yoga is a mind-body modulation technique that has been shown to have beneficial effects on various diseases related to various systems in the body. However, the molecular basis of mechanism of action is not clear. Hence, this study was designed to study the leukocyte telomere biology and its relation with homocysteine and oxidative stress in yoga practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective case-control study involving Yoga practitioners aged 30-40 y with minimum of two years yoga practice (Yoga group) and age, gender and body mass index matched sedentary healthy general population with no medical problems (Control group). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured by using quantitative PCR (qPCR), fasting plasma homocysteine was measured by a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay and the oxidative stress was assessed with total antioxidant status (TAOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) measured by calorimetry. RESULTS The LTL was shorter in control group than in yoga group (p<0.001). The TAOS was more in yoga group when compared to control group (p=0.008), MDA and homocysteine was high in control group when compared to Yoga group (p<0.001). Further, the LTL was positively correlated with TAOS (r=0.841, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with MDA (r=-0.931, p<0.001) and Homocysteine (r=-0.756, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The LTL is well-preserved in people who practice Yoga regularly with lower systemic oxidative stress compared to those who have a relatively sedentary lifestyle despite lack of any medical disorders. The habitual yoga practice seems to inhibit replicative cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandi Hari Krishna
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Narayana Medical College , Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chintala Kiran Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Narayana Medical College , Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Natham Mallikarjuna Reddy
- Professor and Head, Department of Physiology, Narayana Medical College , Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Qi Nan W, Ling Z, Bing C. The influence of the telomere-telomerase system on diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:849-64. [PMID: 25677239 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The telomere-telomerase system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of diabetes mellitus as well as in its vascular complications. Recent studies suggest that telomere shortening and abnormal telomerase activity occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, and targeting the telomere-telomerase system has become a prospective treatment for diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. This review highlights the significance of the telomere-telomerase system and supports its role as a possible therapeutic target for patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications Areas covered: This review covers the advances in understanding the telomere-telomerase system over the last 30 years and its significance in diabetes mellitus. In addition, it provides knowledge regarding the significance of the telomere-telomerase system in diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications as well as its role and mechanisms in oxidative stress, cell therapy and antioxidant activity Expert opinion: The telomere-telomerase system may be a potential therapeutic target that can protect against DNA damage and apoptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. DNA damage and apoptosis are associated with oxidative stress and are involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β cells, insulin resistance, and its vascular complications. Abnormalities in the telomere-telomerase system may be associated with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Therapies targeting telomere-telomerase system, telomerase reverse transcriptase transfection and alterative telomere lengthening must be identified before gene therapy can commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qi Nan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Endocrine Department , Chongqing, Post number: 400038 , China
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King KS, Kozlitina J, Rosenberg RN, Peshock RM, McColl RW, Garcia CK. Effect of leukocyte telomere length on total and regional brain volumes in a large population-based cohort. JAMA Neurol 2015; 71:1247-54. [PMID: 25090243 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Telomere length has been associated with dementia and psychological stress, but its relationship with human brain size is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if peripheral blood telomere length is associated with brain volume. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and brain volumes were measured for 1960 individuals in the Dallas Heart Study, a population-based, probability sample of Dallas County, Texas, residents, with a median (25th-75th percentile) age of 50 (42-58) years. Global and 48 regional brain volumes were assessed from the automated analysis of magnetic resonance imaging. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Telomere length and global and regional brain volumes. RESULTS Leukocyte telomere length was associated with total cerebral volume (β [SE], 0.06 [0.01], P <.001) including white and cortical gray matter volume (β [SE], 0.04 [0.01], P = .002; β [SE], 0.07 [0.02], P <.001, respectively), independent of age, sex, ethnicity, and total intracranial volume. While age was associated with the size of most subsegmental regions of the cerebral cortex, telomere length was associated with certain subsegmental regions. Compared with age, telomere length (TL) explained a sizeable proportion of the variance in volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and inferior temporal region (hippocampus: βTL [SE], 0.08 [0.02], R2, 0.91% vs βage [SE], -0.16 [0.02], R2, 3.80%; amygdala: βTL [SE], 0.08 [0.02], R2, 0.78% vs βage [SE],-0.19 [0.02], R2,4.63%; inferior temporal: βTL [SE], 0.07 [0.02], R2, 0.92% vs βage [SE], -0.14 [0.02], R2, 3.98%) (P <.001 for all). The association of telomere length and the size of the inferior and superior parietal, hippocampus, and fusiform regions was stronger in individuals older than 50 years than younger individuals (inferior parietal: β>50 [SE], 0.13 [0.03], P <.001 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.02 [0.02], P = .51, P for interaction = .001; superior parietal: β>50 [SE], 0.11 [0.03], P <.001 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.01 [0.02], P = .71, P for interaction = .004; hippocampus: β>50 [SE], 0.10 [0.03], P = .004 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.05 [0.02], P = .07, P for interaction = .04; fusiform: β>50 [SE], 0.09 [0.03], P = .002, β≤50 [SE], 0.03 [0.02], P = .31, P for interaction = .03). The volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, superior and inferior temporal, precuneus, lateral orbitofrontal, posterior cingulate, thalamus and ventral diencephalon were independently associated with telomere length after adjustment for all covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, total intracranial volume, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking status, and APOE genotype). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to date to evaluate telomere length as an independent predictor of global and regional brain size. Future studies are needed to determine how telomere length and anatomic structural changes are related to cognitive function, dementia, and psychological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S King
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas3Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas5Editor, JAMA Neurology
| | - Ronald M Peshock
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Roderick W McColl
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Christine K Garcia
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas3Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Pawelczyk T, Szymanska B, Grancow-Grabka M, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Pawelczyk A. Telomere length in blood cells is related to the chronicity, severity, and recurrence rate of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1493-503. [PMID: 26150720 PMCID: PMC4484660 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s82468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telomere shortening is strongly associated with higher mortality rates and has been shown in a number of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is known to induce DNA breaks and genome instability. Telomeric DNA rich in guanosine is particularly sensitive to such oxidative damages. Psychosis is associated with a disequilibrium between free radical production and antioxidative defense. Although telomere attrition has been demonstrated in schizophrenia, no relationship has been reported between telomere length and severity of schizophrenia. AIM The aim of the present study was to identify differences in telomere length in peripheral blood cells between patients with chronic schizophrenia (C-SCZ) and early schizophrenia (E-SCZ) and to identify any relationship between telomere length and disease chronicity and severity. METHODS Relative average telomere lengths were determined using qPCR assay in patients with E-SCZ (n=42) and C-SCZ (n=44) hospitalized due to schizophrenia exacerbation. E-SCZ was diagnosed when less than 2 years had passed since the beginning of psychotic symptoms. The severity of symptoms was assessed using appropriate scales. RESULTS The severity of schizophrenia symptoms, as well as the number of psychotic episodes and hospital admissions, correlated significantly with telomere length in univariate analyses. Regression analysis revealed that a model incorporating study group (E-SCZ or C-ECZ), sex, and age, as well as the combined number of documented psychotic episodes and hospital admissions, can significantly predict the length of telomeres in patients with schizophrenia, with over 50% of variance in telomere length explained by the model (adjusted R (2)=0.512). CONCLUSION The results of the current study indicate that the recurrence of psychotic symptoms as well as their intensity and chronicity may be correlated with telomere attrition, which is well known to contribute to the development of premature senescence and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawelczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bozena Szymanska
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Grancow-Grabka
- Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawelczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka, Lodz, Poland
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200
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Guzzardi MA, Iozzo P, Salonen M, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Rate of telomere shortening and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors: a longitudinal study in the 1934-44 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Ann Med 2015; 47:499-505. [PMID: 26339993 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1074718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with age-related health outcomes, but only few longitudinal studies have assessed changes in LTL in an ageing population. METHODS A total of 1,082 subjects from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (born 1934-1944), undergoing two clinical visits ∼10 years apart, were studied. Relative LTL was measured twice by quantitative real-time PCR. Simple and multiple regressions were used to study associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and LTL. RESULTS Telomere shortening was observed in 93.7%, and telomere elongation in 6.3% of the study participants. Telomere shortening was more rapid among males (-39.5% ± 1.1% versus -35.5% ± 1.0%, P < 0.01). In men a decrease in weight, waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage were all associated with telomere shortening during the follow-up (P < 0.05) independently of age and use of medication. Furthermore, higher body fat percentage and higher HDL-cholesterol level were associated with a slower rate of shortening in LTL (P < 0.05). Lower blood pressure levels were also associated with slower rate of telomere shortening in men (P < 0.05). No similar associations were observed among women. DISCUSSION A decrease in adiposity was associated with telomere shortening, and higher body fat percentage and HDL-cholesterol were associated with a slower rate of shortening in telomere length in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR) , Pisa , Italy
| | - Minna Salonen
- b National Institute for Health and Welfare , Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , Helsinki , Finland.,c Folkhälsan Research Centre , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- b National Institute for Health and Welfare , Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , Helsinki , Finland.,d Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- b National Institute for Health and Welfare , Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , Helsinki , Finland.,c Folkhälsan Research Centre , Helsinki , Finland.,e University of Helsinki , Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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