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He K, Shi X, Zhang X, Dang S, Ma X, Liu F, Xu M, Lv Z, Han D, Fang X, Zhang Y. Long-distance intercellular connectivity between cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts mediated by membrane nanotubes. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:39-47. [PMID: 21719573 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intercellular interactions between cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiofibroblasts (FBs) are important in the physiological and pathophysiological heart. Understanding such interactions is important for developing effective heart disease therapies. However, until recently, little has been known about these interactions. We aimed to investigate structural and functional connections between CMs and FBs that are distinct from gap junctions. METHODS AND RESULTS By membrane dye staining, we observed long, thin membrane nanotubular structures containing actin and microtubules that connected neonatal rat ventricular CMs and FBs. By single-particle tracking, we observed vehicles moving between CMs and FBs within the membrane nanotubes. By dual colour staining, confocal imaging and flow cytometry, we observed mitochondria exchange between CMs and FBs in a coculture system. By combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy, we observed calcium signal propagation from AFM-stimulated CM (or FB) to unstimulated FB (or CM) via membrane nanotubes. By membrane and cytoskeleton staining, we observed similar nanotubular structures in adult mouse heart tissue, which suggests their physiological relevance. CONCLUSIONS As a novel type of CM to FB communication, membrane nanotubes observed in vitro and in vivo provide structural and functional connectivity between CMs and FBs over long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin He
- Institute of Vascular Medicine of Third Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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152
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of acute respiratory failure presenting with hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, most often in the setting of pneumonia, sepsis, or major trauma. The pathogenesis of ARDS involves lung endothelial injury, alveolar epithelial injury, and the accumulation of protein-rich fluid and cellular debris in the alveolar space. No pharmacologic therapy has so far proved effective. A potential strategy involves cell-based therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Herein we review basic properties of MSCs, their use in preclinical models of lung injury and ARDS, and potential therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine Anesthesiology, The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Moffitt Hospital, Room M-917, San Francisco, CA 94143-0624, USA.
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153
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Acquistapace A, Bru T, Lesault PF, Figeac F, Coudert AE, Le Coz O, Christov C, Baudin X, Auber F, Yiou R, Dubois-Randé JL, Rodriguez AM. Human mesenchymal stem cells reprogram adult cardiomyocytes toward a progenitor-like state through partial cell fusion and mitochondria transfer. Stem Cells 2011; 29:812-24. [PMID: 21433223 PMCID: PMC3346716 DOI: 10.1002/stem.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Because stem cells are often found to improve repair tissue including heart without evidence of engraftment or differentiation, mechanisms underlying wound healing are still elusive. Several studies have reported that stem cells can fuse with cardiomyocytes either by permanent or partial cell fusion processes. However, the respective physiological impact of these two processes remains unknown in part because of the lack of knowledge of the resulting hybrid cells. To further characterize cell fusion, we cocultured mouse fully differentiated cardiomyocytes with human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells as a model of adult stem cells. We found that heterologous cell fusion promoted cardiomyocyte reprogramming back to a progenitor-like state. The resulting hybrid cells expressed early cardiac commitment and proliferation markers such as GATA-4, myocyte enhancer factor 2C, Nkx2.5, and Ki67 and exhibited a mouse genotype. Interestingly, human bone marrow-derived stem cells shared similar reprogramming properties than hMADS cells but not human fibroblasts, which suggests that these features might be common to multipotent cells. Furthermore, cardiac hybrid cells were preferentially generated by partial rather than permanent cell fusion and that intercellular structures composed of f-actin and microtubule filaments were involved in the process. Finally, we showed that stem cell mitochondria were transferred into cardiomyocytes, persisted in hybrids and were required for somatic cell reprogramming. In conclusion, by providing new insights into previously reported cell fusion processes, our data might contribute to a better understanding of stem cell-mediated regenerative mechanisms and thus, the development of more efficient stem cell-based heart therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Acquistapace
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Thierry Bru
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Pierre-François Lesault
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Florence Figeac
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Amélie E. Coudert
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Olivier Le Coz
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Christo Christov
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Xavier Baudin
- IJM, Institut Jacques Monod
CNRS : UMR7592Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7Batiment Buffon 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris cédex 13,FR
| | - Fréderic Auber
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale et néonatale
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Armand Trousseau75012 Paris,FR
| | - René Yiou
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
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154
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Si YL, Zhao YL, Hao HJ, Fu XB, Han WD. MSCs: Biological characteristics, clinical applications and their outstanding concerns. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:93-103. [PMID: 20727988 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent adult stem cells harboring multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties that make MSCs an ideal candidate cell type for immunomodulation and regenerative medicine. Currently, MSC-related researches and clinical trials have evoked exciting promise in a variety of disorders and tissue regeneration. However, it must be recognized that several critical potential problems have also emerged from current clinical trials, for example: (1) the indefinite association between the phenotypic characteristics and the biological functions of MSCs; (2) the lack of clinical data to support the long-term safety of MSCs; (3) the need for further clarification of multiple mechanisms of MSC transplant actions in vivo; and (4) the lack of comparability of MSC transplant efficacy. Therefore, MSC-based therapies could not yet be considered a routine treatment in the clinic. Based on these, we proposed that large-scale and multi-center clinical trials of MSC-based therapies should be initiated under strict supervision. These interventions might help to establish a new clinical paradigm to turn MSC transplantation into a routine therapy for at least some diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Si
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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155
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Bone marrow stem cell derived paracrine factors for regenerative medicine: current perspectives and therapeutic potential. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2010; 2011:207326. [PMID: 22046556 PMCID: PMC3195349 DOI: 10.1155/2011/207326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the past several years, there has been intense research in the field of bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) therapy to facilitate its translation into clinical setting. Although a lot has been accomplished, plenty of challenges lie ahead. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence showing that administration of BMSC-derived conditioned media (BMSC-CM) can recapitulate the beneficial effects observed after stem cell therapy. BMSCs produce a wide range of cytokines and chemokines that have, until now, shown extensive therapeutic potential. These paracrine mechanisms could be as diverse as stimulating receptor-mediated survival pathways, inducing stem cell homing and differentiation or regulating the anti-inflammatory effects in wounded areas. The current review reflects the rapid shift of interest from BMSC to BMSC-CM to alleviate many logistical and technical issues regarding cell therapy and evaluates its future potential as an effective regenerative therapy.
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156
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Yin Z, Chen X, Chen JL, Ouyang HW. Stem cells for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:689-700. [PMID: 20367125 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003769824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Tendon injuries are common especially in sports activities, but tendon is a unique connective tissue with poor self-repair capability. With advances in stem cell biology, tissue engineering is becoming increasingly powerful for tissue regeneration. Stem cells with capacity of multipotency and self-renewal are an ideal cell source for tissue engineering. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focus on discussing the potential strategies including inductive growth factors, bio-scaffolds, mechanical stimulation, genetic modification and co-culture techniques to direct tendon-lineage differentiation of stem cells for complete tendon regeneration. Attempting to use embryonic stem cells as seed cells for tendon tissue engineering have achieved encouraging results. The combination of chemical and physical signals in stem cell microenvironment could be regulated to induce differentiation of the embryonic stem cells into tendon. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We summarize fundamental questions, as well as future directions in tendon biology and tissue engineering. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Multifaceted technologies are increasingly required to control stem cell differentiation, to develop novel stem cell-based therapy, and, ultimately, to achieve more effective repair or regeneration of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yin
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Mailbox #39, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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157
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Cytoplasm and organelle transfer between mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells and renal tubular cells in co-culture. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2447-55. [PMID: 20599955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell interactions of human mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSC) and rat renal tubular cells (RTC) were explored under conditions of co-cultivation. We observed formation of different types of intercellular contacts, including so called tunneling nanotubes. These contacts were shown to be able to provide transfer of cell's contents, including organelles. We documented intercellular exchange with fluorescent probes specific to cytosol, plasmalemma and mitochondria. Initial transport of cellular components was revealed after 3 h of co-culturing, and occurred in two directions--both direct and retrograde as referred to RTC. However, transport of probes toward MMSC was more efficient. One significant result of such transport was appearance of renal-specific Tamm-Horsfall protein in MMSC, indicating induction of their differentiation into kidney tubular cells. We conclude that transfer of cellular compartments between renal and stem cells could provide differentiation of MMSC when transplanted into kidney and result in therapeutic benefits in renal failure.
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158
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He K, Luo W, Zhang Y, Liu F, Liu D, Xu L, Qin L, Xiong C, Lu Z, Fang X, Zhang Y. Intercellular transportation of quantum dots mediated by membrane nanotubes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3015-22. [PMID: 20524630 DOI: 10.1021/nn1002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported that the quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles could be actively transported in the membrane nanotubes between cardiac myocytes. Single particle imaging and tracking of QDs revealed that most QDs moved in a bidirectional mode along the membrane nanotubes with a mean velocity of 1.23 mum/s. The results suggested that QDs moving in the nanotubes were coordinately motivated by molecular motors. It provides new information for the study of intercellular transportation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin He
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Institute of Vascular Medicine of Third Hospital, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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159
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Cselenyák A, Pankotai E, Horváth EM, Kiss L, Lacza Z. Mesenchymal stem cells rescue cardiomyoblasts from cell death in an in vitro ischemia model via direct cell-to-cell connections. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:29. [PMID: 20406471 PMCID: PMC2869333 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell based therapies in myocardial infarction. However, the exact underlying cellular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our aim was to explore the possible role of direct cell-to-cell interaction between ischemic H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and normal MSCs. Using an in vitro ischemia model of 150 minutes of oxygen glucose deprivation we investigated cell viability and cell interactions with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results Our model revealed that adding normal MSCs to the ischemic cell population significantly decreased the ratio of dead H9c2 cells (H9c2 only: 0.85 ± 0.086 vs. H9c2+MSCs: 0.16 ± 0.035). This effect was dependent on direct cell-to-cell contact since co-cultivation with MSCs cultured in cell inserts did not exert the same beneficial effect (ratio of dead H9c2 cells: 0.90 ± 0.055). Confocal microscopy revealed that cardiomyoblasts and MSCs frequently formed 200-500 nm wide intercellular connections and cell fusion rarely occurred between these cells. Conclusion Based on these results we hypothesize that mesenchymal stem cells may reduce the number of dead cardiomyoblasts after ischemic damage via direct cell-to-cell interactions and intercellular tubular connections may play an important role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Cselenyák
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, H-1094, Tuzoltó utca 37-47, Budapest, Hungary.
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160
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Tao XR, Li WL, Su J, Jin CX, Wang XM, Li JX, Hu JK, Xiang ZH, Lau JTY, Hu YP. Clonal mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in injured livers of SCID mice. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:693-704. [PMID: 19693776 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be a valuable, transplantable source of hepatocytes. Most of the hMSCs preparations used in these studies were likely heterogeneous cell populations, isolated by adherence to plastic surfaces or by density gradient centrifugation. Therefore, the participation of other unknown trace cell populations cannot be rigorously discounted. Here we report the isolation and establishment of a cloned human MSC line (chMSC) from human bone marrow primary culture, through which we confirmed the hepatic differentiation capability of authentic hMSCs. chMSCs expressed markers of mesenchymal cells, but not markers of hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro, chMSCs can differentiate into either mesenchymal cells or cells exhibiting hepatocyte-like phenotypes. When transplanted intrasplentically into carbon tetrachloride-injured livers of SCID mice, EGFP-tagged chMSCs engrafted into the host liver parenchyma, exhibited typical hepatocyte morphology, form a three-dimensional architecture, and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells expressing human albumin and alpha-1-anti-trypsin. By confocal microscopy, ultrafine intercellular nanotubular structures were visible between adjacent transplanted and host hepatocytes. We postulate that these structures may assist in the phenotype conversion of chMSCs, possibly by exchange of cytoplasmic components between native hepatocytes and transplanted cells. Thus, a clonal pure population of hMSCs, which can be expanded in culture, may have potential as a cellular source for substitution damaged cells in hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, PR China
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161
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Formigli L, Francini F, Nistri S, Margheri M, Luciani G, Naro F, Silvertown JD, Orlandini SZ, Meacci E, Bani D. Skeletal myoblasts overexpressing relaxin improve differentiation and communication of primary murine cardiomyocyte cell cultures. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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162
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Kudryavtsev YV, Kirpatovskii VI, Plotnikov EY, Kazachenko AV, Marei MV, Khryapenkova TG, Zorov DB, Sukhikh GT. Morphological Changes in the Kidneys of Rats with Postischemic Acute Renal Failure after Intrarenal Administration of Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 147:113-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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163
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Twiss JL, Fainzilber M. Ribosomes in axons--scrounging from the neighbors? Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:236-43. [PMID: 19359177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Decades of controversy regarding ribosome occurrence in axons are finally coalescing to a realization that the protein synthesis machinery is recruited and activated in both central and peripheral axons during development and in adult peripheral axons upon injury. Exciting recent findings indicate that ribosome recruitment to axons occurs via lateral transfer from glial cells, a mechanism that could be part of a continuum of intercellular communication systems including tunneling nanotubes and exosomes. Such transcellular interactions could have crucial roles in nervous system functions and will provide new avenues for research into long-standing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L Twiss
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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164
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Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Potential as a Marker for Isolation of Pure Cardiomyoblast Population. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 146:506-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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