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El Kasmi KC, Pugliese SC, Riddle SR, Poth JM, Anderson AL, Frid MG, Li M, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Nagel MA, Fini MA, Graham BB, Tuder RM, Friedman JE, Eltzschig HK, Sokol RJ, Stenmark KR. Adventitial fibroblasts induce a distinct proinflammatory/profibrotic macrophage phenotype in pulmonary hypertension. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:597-609. [PMID: 24928992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation is not only a characteristic hallmark but is also a critical component of pulmonary artery remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive vascular macrophage activation and their functional phenotype remain poorly defined. Using multiple levels of in vivo (bovine and rat models of hypoxia-induced PH, together with human tissue samples) and in vitro (primary mouse, rat, and bovine macrophages, human monocytes, and primary human and bovine fibroblasts) approaches, we observed that adventitial fibroblasts derived from hypertensive pulmonary arteries (bovine and human) regulate macrophage activation. These fibroblasts activate macrophages through paracrine IL-6 and STAT3, HIF1, and C/EBPβ signaling to drive expression of genes previously implicated in chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and PH. This distinct fibroblast-activated macrophage phenotype was independent of IL-4/IL-13-STAT6 and TLR-MyD88 signaling. We found that genetic STAT3 haplodeficiency in macrophages attenuated macrophage activation, complete STAT3 deficiency increased macrophage activation through compensatory upregulation of STAT1 signaling, and deficiency in C/EBPβ or HIF1 attenuated fibroblast-driven macrophage activation. These findings challenge the current paradigm of IL-4/IL-13-STAT6-mediated alternative macrophage activation as the sole driver of vascular remodeling in PH, and uncover a cross-talk between adventitial fibroblasts and macrophages in which paracrine IL-6-activated STAT3, HIF1α, and C/EBPβ signaling are critical for macrophage activation and polarization. Thus, targeting IL-6 signaling in macrophages by completely inhibiting C/EBPβ or HIF1α or by partially inhibiting STAT3 may hold therapeutic value for treatment of PH and other inflammatory conditions characterized by increased IL-6 and absent IL-4/IL-13 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim C El Kasmi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Steven C Pugliese
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Suzette R Riddle
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jens M Poth
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Aimee L Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Maria G Frid
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Min Li
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria A Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ronald J Sokol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
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153
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Lin Z, von Gise A, Zhou P, Gu F, Ma Q, Jiang J, Yau AL, Buck JN, Gouin KA, van Gorp PRR, Zhou B, Chen J, Seidman JG, Wang DZ, Pu WT. Cardiac-specific YAP activation improves cardiac function and survival in an experimental murine MI model. Circ Res 2014; 115:354-63. [PMID: 24833660 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Yes-associated protein (YAP), the terminal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is crucial for regulating embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that YAP activation after myocardial infarction (MI) would preserve cardiac function and improve survival. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a cardiac-specific, inducible expression system to activate YAP in adult mouse heart. Activation of YAP in adult heart promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and did not deleteriously affect heart function. Furthermore, YAP activation after MI preserved heart function and reduced infarct size. Using adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (AAV9) as a delivery vector, we expressed human YAP (hYAP) in the adult murine myocardium immediately after MI. We found that AAV9:hYAP significantly improved cardiac function and mouse survival. AAV9:hYAP did not exert its salutary effects by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Rather, AAV9:hYAP stimulated adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Gene expression profiling indicated that AAV9:hYAP stimulated expression of cell cycle genes and promoted a less mature cardiac gene expression signature. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-specific YAP activation after MI mitigated myocardial injury, improved cardiac function, and enhanced survival. These findings suggest that therapeutic activation of YAP or its downstream targets, potentially through AAV-mediated gene therapy, may be a strategy to improve outcome after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lin
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Alexander von Gise
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Fei Gu
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Qing Ma
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Jianming Jiang
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Allan L Yau
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Jessica N Buck
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Katryna A Gouin
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Pim R R van Gorp
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Jinghai Chen
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - William T Pu
- From the Departments of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital (Z.L., A.v.G., P.Z., F.G., Q.M., A.L.Y., J.N.B., K.A.G., P.R.R.v.G., B.Z., J.C., D.-Z.W., W.T.P.) and Genetics (J.J., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (A.v.G.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (P.R.R.v.G.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (D.-Z.W., W.T.P.); and Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).
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