151
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Tsunematsu Y, Maeda N, Sato M, Hara K, Hashimoto H, Watanabe K, Hertweck C. Specialized Flavoprotein Promotes Sulfur Migration and Spiroaminal Formation in Aspirochlorine Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:206-213. [PMID: 33351612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) are a class of ecologically and medicinally important cyclodipeptides bearing a reactive transannular disulfide bridge. Aspirochlorine, an antifungal and toxic ETP isolated from Aspergillus oryzae used in sake brewing, deviates from the common ETP scaffold owing to its unusual ring-enlarged disulfide bridge linked to a spiroaminal ring system. Although this disulfide ring system is implicated in the biological activity of ETPs the biochemical basis for this derailment has remained a mystery. Here we report the discovery of a novel oxidoreductase (AclR) that represents the first-in-class enzyme catalyzing both a carbon-sulfur bond migration and spiro-ring formation, and that the acl pathway involves a cryptic acetylation as a prerequisite for the rearrangement. Genetic screening in A. oryzae identified aclR as the candidate for the complex biotransformation, and the aclR-deficient mutant provided the biosynthetic intermediate, unexpectedly harboring an acetyl group. In vitro assays showed that AclR alone promotes 1,2-sulfamyl migration, elimination of the acetoxy group, and spiroaminal formation. AclR features a thioredoxin oxidoreductase fold with a noncanonical CXXH motif that is distinct from the CXXC in the disulfide forming oxidase for the ETP biosynthesis. Crystallographic and mutational analyses of AclR revealed that the CXXH motif is crucial for catalysis, whereas the flavin-adenine dinucleotide is required as a support of the protein fold, and not as a redox cofactor. AclR proved to be a suitable bioinformatics handle to discover a number of related fungal gene clusters that potentially code for the biosynthesis of derailed ETP compounds. Our results highlight a specialized role of the thioredoxin oxidoreductase family enzyme in the ETP pathway and expand the chemical diversity of small molecules bearing an aberrant disulfide pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Naoya Maeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kodai Hara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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152
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Ramzi AB, Baharum SN, Bunawan H, Scrutton NS. Streamlining Natural Products Biomanufacturing With Omics and Machine Learning Driven Microbial Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608918. [PMID: 33409270 PMCID: PMC7779585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing demands for the supply of biopharmaceuticals have propelled the advancement of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for biomanufacturing of bioactive natural products. Using metabolically engineered microbes as the bioproduction hosts, a variety of natural products including terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and cannabinoids have been synthesized through the construction and expression of known and newly found biosynthetic genes primarily from model and non-model plants. The employment of omics technology and machine learning (ML) platforms as high throughput analytical tools has been increasingly leveraged in promoting data-guided optimization of targeted biosynthetic pathways and enhancement of the microbial production capacity, thereby representing a critical debottlenecking approach in improving and streamlining natural products biomanufacturing. To this end, this mini review summarizes recent efforts that utilize omics platforms and ML tools in strain optimization and prototyping and discusses the beneficial uses of omics-enabled discovery of plant biosynthetic genes in the production of complex plant-based natural products by bioengineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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153
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Gao S, Xu X, Zeng W, Xu S, Lyv Y, Feng Y, Kai G, Zhou J, Chen J. Efficient Biosynthesis of (2 S)-Eriodictyol from (2 S)-Naringenin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a Combination of Promoter Adjustment and Directed Evolution. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3288-3297. [PMID: 33226782 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The compound (2S)-eriodictyol is an important flavonoid that can be derived from (2S)-naringenin through flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) catalyzation. F3'H is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that requires a cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to function. However, P450s have limited applications in industrial scale biosynthesis, owing to their low activity. Here, an efficient SmF3'H and a matched SmCPR were identified from Silybum marianum. To improve the efficiency of SmF3'H, we established a high-throughput detection method for (2S)-eriodictyol, in which the promoter combination of SmF3'H and SmCPR were optimized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results revealed that SmF3'H/SmCPR should be expressed by using promoters with similar and strong expression levels. Furthermore, directed evolution was applied to further improve the efficiency of SmF3'H/SmCPR. With the optimized promoter and mutated combinations SmF3'HD285N/SmCPRI453V, the (2S)-eriodictyol titer was improved to 3.3 g/L, the highest titer in currently available reports. These results indicated that S. cerevisiae is an ideal platform for functional expression of flavonoid related P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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154
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone a remarkable transition in the last two decades, from being considered a niche technology to playing a much more relevant role in organic synthesis today. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straightforward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis. Building on our previous analysis of biocatalysis in the Swiss manufacturing environment, we present a follow-up study on how the industrial biocatalysis situation in Switzerland has evolved in the last four years. Considering the current industrial landscape, we record recent advances in biocatalysis in Switzerland as well as give suggestions where enzymatic transformations may be valuably employed to address some of the societal challenges we face today, particularly in the context of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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155
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Stander EA, Sepúlveda LJ, Dugé de Bernonville T, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Lemos Cruz P, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Dirks R, O’Connor SE, Atehortùa L, Oudin A, Courdavault V. Identifying Genes Involved in alkaloid Biosynthesis in Vinca minor Through Transcriptomics and Gene Co-Expression Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121595. [PMID: 33255314 PMCID: PMC7761029 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lesser periwinkle Vinca minor accumulates numerous monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) including the vasodilator vincamine. While the biosynthetic pathway of MIAs has been largely elucidated in other Apocynaceae such as Catharanthus roseus, the counterpart in V. minor remains mostly unknown, especially for reactions leading to MIAs specific to this plant. As a consequence, we generated a comprehensive V. minor transcriptome elaborated from eight distinct samples including roots, old and young leaves exposed to low or high light exposure conditions. This optimized resource exhibits an improved completeness compared to already published ones. Through homology-based searches using C. roseus genes as bait, we predicted candidate genes for all common steps of the MIA pathway as illustrated by the cloning of a tabersonine/vincadifformine 16-O-methyltransferase (Vm16OMT) isoform. The functional validation of this enzyme revealed its capacity of methylating 16-hydroxylated derivatives of tabersonine, vincadifformine and lochnericine with a Km 0.94 ± 0.06 µM for 16-hydroxytabersonine. Furthermore, by combining expression of fusions with yellow fluorescent proteins and interaction assays, we established that Vm16OMT is located in the cytosol and forms homodimers. Finally, a gene co-expression network was performed to identify candidate genes of the missing V. minor biosynthetic steps to guide MIA pathway elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Liuda Johana Sepúlveda
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, 49933 Angers, France;
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Ron Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
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156
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Xia Q, Tian H, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang W, Wang Q. Biomimetic Synthesis of Iridoid Alkaloids as Novel Leads for Fungicidal and Insecticidal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12577-12584. [PMID: 33125223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid alkaloids are well known for their broad and excellent biological activities, but their extremely low content and complex chemical structure limit their practical application. This study used the biosynthetic precursor genipin as a basic material to conduct a biomimetic synthesis of iridoid alkaloids. The structures of the iridoid alkaloids were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their fungicidal and insecticidal activities were evaluated. Bioassay results indicated that iridoid alkaloids possess good to excellent activities against phytopathogenic fungi, diamondback moth, bean aphid, and spider mite. Compound 3s had the most promising activity against three important phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum (LC50 value of 34.5 μg/mL with a 95% confidence interval of 33.4-35.5 μg/mL), Rhizoctonia solani (18 μg/mL, 15.7-20.8 μg/mL), and Botrytis cinerea (26 μg/mL, 22.4-30.4 μg/mL), thereby emerging as a potential new fungicidal lead. The structure-activity relationship research has shown that the electrical property and steric hindrance sizes of iridoid alkaloids apparently influence fungicidal activity. Moreover, compound 3n exhibited good insecticidal activity against diamondback moth with an LC50 (35.6 μg/mL, 95% confidence interval 19.0-66.6 μg/mL) comparable to that of the commercial insecticide rotenone (35.4 μg/mL, 95% confidence interval 22.2-56.4 μg/mL). This outcome indicates that this compound deserves further study as a potential lead for development of new insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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157
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Stander EA, Papon N, Courdavault V. Puzzling Out the Colchicine Biosynthetic Pathway. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:621-623. [PMID: 33166069 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine is among the oldest plant natural products (NPs) still used for treating a broad spectrum of human diseases including gout and other articular inflammation disorders. This molecule is synthesized by several herbaceous species related to the Liliaceae family, but in very low quantities in whole plants. As for many pharmaceutical compounds from plants, the production of colchicine still depends on the natural resource from which it is extracted. From the past decade, metabolic engineering has progressively become a credible alternative for the cost-effective large-scale production of several valuable NPs. In the same vein, Nett and colleagues recently reported an unprecedented advance in the field for colchicine. By using a combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics and pathway reconstitution, Sattely's group deciphered a near-complete biosynthetic pathway to colchicine without prior knowledge of biosynthetic genes. Besides constituting a benchmark for the elucidation of natural product biosynthetic pathways, it opens unprecedented perspectives regarding metabolic engineering of colchicine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group, Université Angers, GEIHP EA 3142, 49933, Angers, France.,Federative Structure of Research, Cellular Interactions and Therapeutic Applications, Université Angers, SFR 4208 ICAT, 49933, Angers, France
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158
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Eljounaidi K, Lichman BR. Nature's Chemists: The Discovery and Engineering of Phytochemical Biosynthesis. Front Chem 2020; 8:596479. [PMID: 33240856 PMCID: PMC7680914 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.596479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse array of natural products, many of which have high pharmaceutical value or therapeutic potential. However, these compounds often occur at low concentrations in uncultivated species. Producing phytochemicals in heterologous systems has the potential to address the bioavailability issues related to obtaining these molecules from their natural source. Plants are suitable heterologous systems for the production of valuable phytochemicals as they are autotrophic, derive energy and carbon from photosynthesis, and have similar cellular context to native producer plants. In this review we highlight the methods that are used to elucidate natural product biosynthetic pathways, including the approaches leading to proposing the sequence of enzymatic steps, selecting enzyme candidates and characterizing gene function. We will also discuss the advantages of using plant chasses as production platforms for high value phytochemicals. In addition, through this report we will assess the emerging metabolic engineering strategies that have been developed to enhance and optimize the production of natural and novel bioactive phytochemicals in heterologous plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Eljounaidi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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159
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Changxing L, Galani S, Hassan FU, Rashid Z, Naveed M, Fang D, Ashraf A, Qi W, Arif A, Saeed M, Chishti AA, Jianhua L. Biotechnological approaches to the production of plant-derived promising anticancer agents: An update and overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110918. [PMID: 33254434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been used since pre-history for their therapeutic properties to treat a range of illnesses. These metabolites have recently attracted attention to their antineoplastic activities to treat various cancers relying on different mechanisms. Some of these molecules are glycosides, which have proven useful as anti-cancer agents, namely podophyllotoxin (PPT) anaryltetralin lignan or alkaloids. There are three primary forms of alkaloids, such as indole alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus), quinoline alkaloid (camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata), and diterpenoid alkaloid (taxol and it's analogous from Taxus and Corylus species). This review considers various plant biotechnology approaches used to enhance the production of these anticancer molecules in different species. In this regard, many in vitro culture techniques such as stimulation of suspension culture and hairy roots are being used to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and elicitors on various explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province,712100, P.R China
| | - Saddia Galani
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Rashid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211166, P.R China
| | - Daidong Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, G. C. University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wang Qi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China
| | - Afsheen Arif
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ali Chishti
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Li Jianhua
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China.
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160
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Bradley SA, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Deploying Microbial Synthesis for Halogenating and Diversifying Medicinal Alkaloid Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594126. [PMID: 33195162 PMCID: PMC7644825 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.594126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce some of the most potent therapeutics and have been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Today, many medicinal natural products are still extracted from source plants at scale as their complexity precludes total synthesis from bulk chemicals. However, extraction from plants can be an unreliable and low-yielding source for human therapeutics, making the supply chain for some of these life-saving medicines expensive and unstable. There has therefore been significant interest in refactoring these plant pathways in genetically tractable microbes, which grow more reliably and where the plant pathways can be more easily engineered to improve the titer, rate and yield of medicinal natural products. In addition, refactoring plant biosynthetic pathways in microbes also offers the possibility to explore new-to-nature chemistry more systematically, and thereby help expand the chemical space that can be probed for drugs as well as enable the study of pharmacological properties of such new-to-nature chemistry. This perspective will review the recent progress toward heterologous production of plant medicinal alkaloids in microbial systems. In particular, we focus on the refactoring of halogenated alkaloids in yeast, which has created an unprecedented opportunity for biosynthesis of previously inaccessible new-to-nature variants of the natural alkaloid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael K. Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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161
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Reuß F, Heretsch P. Synthetic strategies for the ibophyllidine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:693-701. [PMID: 33074277 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1975-2020The ibophyllidine alkaloids are unique pyrroloindole alkaloids exhibiting a five-membered D-ring in contrast to the six-membered D-ring of the more common Aspidosperma and Strychnos alkaloids. This structural feature has made them sought-after targets for organic chemists as well as for the elucidation of their biosynthesis. Beginning with the first and eponymous member ibophyllidine, isolation and structure determination is discussed. The main focus of this review are the diverse chemical approaches towards the ibophyllidines in context with their respective biosynthesis. The often employed Diels-Alder reaction strategy, two other named reaction-based strategies and the most recent enantioselective strategies are presented and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reuß
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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162
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Current state of aromatics production using yeast: achievements and challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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163
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Romanowski S, Eustáquio AS. Synthetic biology for natural product drug production and engineering. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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164
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Beyond the semi-synthetic artemisinin: metabolic engineering of plant-derived anti-cancer drugs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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165
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Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Next-generation metabolic engineering approaches towards development of plant cell suspension cultures as specialized metabolite producing biofactories. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107635. [PMID: 32976930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell suspension culture (PCSC) has emerged as a viable technology to produce plant specialized metabolites (PSM). While Taxol® and ginsenoside are two examples of successfully commercialized PCSC-derived PSM, widespread utilization of the PCSC platform has yet to be realized primarily due to a lack of understanding of the molecular genetics of PSM biosynthesis. Recent advances in computational, molecular and synthetic biology tools provide the opportunity to rapidly characterize and harness the specialized metabolic potential of plants. Here, we discuss the prospects of integrating computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and precision genome editing (CRISPR/Cas and its variants) toolboxes to discover the genetic regulators of PSM. We also explore how synthetic biology can be applied to develop metabolically optimized PSM-producing native and heterologous PCSC systems. Taken together, this review provides an interdisciplinary approach to realize and link the potential of next-generation computational and molecular tools to convert PCSC into commercially viable PSM-producing biofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Arya
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India.
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166
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GAO W, HUANG LQ. Genes functional identification and synthetic biology of natural products. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:641-642. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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167
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Fraser VN, Philmus B, Megraw M. Metabolomics analysis reveals both plant variety and choice of hormone treatment modulate vinca alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00267. [PMID: 33005857 PMCID: PMC7520646 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus produces numerous secondary metabolites of interest for the treatment of many diseases - most notably for the terpene indole alkaloid (TIA) vinblastine, which is used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Historically, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used to induce TIA production, but in the past, this has only been investigated in whole seedlings, cell culture, or hairy root culture. This study examines the effects of the phytohormones MeJA and ethylene on the induction of TIA biosynthesis and accumulation in the shoots and roots of 8-day-old seedlings of two varieties of C. roseus. Using LCMS and RT-qPCR, we demonstrate the importance of variety selection, as we observe markedly different induction patterns of important TIA precursor compounds. Additionally, both phytohormone choice and concentration have significant effects on TIA biosynthesis. Finally, our study suggests that several early-induction pathway steps as well as pathway-specific genes are likely to be transcriptionally regulated. Our findings highlight the need for a complete set of'omics resources in commonly used C. roseus varieties and the need for caution when extrapolating results from one cultivar to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie N. Fraser
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Genome Research and BiocomputingOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Molly Megraw
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Genome Research and BiocomputingOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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168
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Walia M, Teijaro CN, Gardner A, Tran T, Kang J, Zhao S, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V, Andrade RB. Synthesis of (-)-Melodinine K: A Case Study of Efficiency in Natural Product Synthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2425-2433. [PMID: 32786883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency is a key organizing principle in modern natural product synthesis. Practical criteria include time, cost, and effort expended to synthesize the target, which tracks with step-count and scale. The execution of a natural product synthesis, that is, the sum and identity of each reaction employed therein, falls along a continuum of chemical (abiotic) synthesis on one extreme, followed by the hybrid chemoenzymatic approach, and ultimately biological (biosynthesis) on the other, acknowledging the first synthesis belongs to Nature. Starting materials also span a continuum of structural complexity approaching the target with constituent elements on one extreme, followed by petroleum-derived and "chiral pool" building blocks, and complex natural products (i.e., semisynthesis) on the other. Herein, we detail our approach toward realizing the first synthesis of (-)-melodinine K, a complex bis-indole alkaloid. The total syntheses of monomers (-)-tabersonine and (-)-16-methoxytabersonine employing our domino Michael/Mannich annulation is described. Isolation of (-)-tabersonine from Voacanga africana and strategic biotransformation with tabersonine 16-hydroxylase for site-specific C-H oxidation enabled a scalable route. The Polonovski-Potier reaction was employed in biomimetic fragment coupling. Subsequent manipulations delivered the target. We conclude with a discussion of efficiency in natural products synthesis and how chemical and biological technologies define the synthetic frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Walia
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Alex Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Thi Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jinfeng Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Senzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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169
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Maury S, Delaunay A, Daviaud C, Chaparro C, Tost J, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Developmental Methylome of the Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus Unravels the Tissue-Specific Control of the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Pathway by DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6028. [PMID: 32825765 PMCID: PMC7503379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a wide spectrum of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). MIA biosynthesis requires a tightly coordinated pathway involving more than 30 enzymatic steps that are spatio-temporally and environmentally regulated so that some MIAs specifically accumulate in restricted plant parts. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors from the basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) or AP2 families. In the present manuscript, we investigated whether an additional epigenetic layer could control the organ-, developmental- and environmental-specificity of MIA accumulation. We used Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) together with RNA-seq to identify differentially methylated and expressed genes among nine samples reflecting different plant organs and experimental conditions. Tissue specific gene expression was associated with specific methylation signatures depending on cytosine contexts and gene parts. Some genes encoding key enzymatic steps from the MIA pathway were found to be simultaneously differentially expressed and methylated in agreement with the corresponding MIA accumulation. In addition, we found that transcription factors were strikingly concerned by DNA methylation variations. Altogether, our integrative analysis supports an epigenetic regulation of specialized metabolisms in plants and more likely targeting transcription factors which in turn may control the expression of enzyme-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- CNRS, IFREMER, UMR5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnments, Université de Montpellier, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
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170
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Back to the plant: overcoming roadblocks to the microbial production of pharmaceutically important plant natural products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:815-828. [PMID: 32772209 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation platforms offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to plant cultivation and chemical synthesis for the production of many plant-derived pharmaceuticals. Plant alkaloids, particularly benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and monoterpene indole alkaloids, and recently cannabinoids have become attractive targets for microbial biosynthesis owing to their medicinal importance. Recent advances in the discovery of pathway components, together with the application of synthetic biology tools, have facilitated the assembly of plant alkaloid and cannabinoid pathways in the microbial hosts Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review highlights key aspects of these pathways in the framework of overcoming bottlenecks in microbial production to further improve end-product titers. We discuss the opportunities that emerge from a better understanding of the pathway components by further study of the plant, and strategies for generation of new and advanced medicinal compounds.
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171
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Lichman BR. The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:103-129. [PMID: 32745157 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have been significant advances in elucidating the biosynthetic origins of plant alkaloids. In this review, I will describe the progress made in determining the metabolic origins of the so-called true alkaloids, specialised metabolites derived from amino acids containing a nitrogen heterocycle. By identifying key biosynthetic steps that feature in the majority of pathways, I highlight the key roles played by modifications to primary metabolism, iminium reactivity and spontaneous reactions in the molecular and evolutionary origins of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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172
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Shi M, Liao P, Nile SH, Georgiev MI, Kai G. Biotechnological Exploration of Transformed Root Culture for Value-Added Products. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:137-149. [PMID: 32690221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants produce valuable secondary metabolites with anticancer, analgesic, anticholinergic or other activities, but low metabolite levels and limited available tissue restrict metabolite yields. Transformed root cultures, also called hairy roots, provide a feasible approach for producing valuable secondary metabolites. Various strategies have been used to enhance secondary metabolite production in hairy roots, including increasing substrate availability, regulating key biosynthetic genes, multigene engineering, combining genetic engineering and elicitation, using transcription factors (TFs), and introducing new genes. In this review, we focus on recent developments in hairy roots from medicinal plants, techniques to boost production of desired secondary metabolites, and the development of new technologies to study these metabolites. We also discuss recent trends, emerging applications, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China.
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173
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George J, Kahlke T, Abbriano RM, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph PJ, Fabris M. Metabolic Engineering Strategies in Diatoms Reveal Unique Phenotypes and Genetic Configurations With Implications for Algal Genetics and Synthetic Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32582656 PMCID: PMC7290003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are photosynthetic microeukaryotes that dominate phytoplankton populations and have increasing applicability in biotechnology. Uncovering their complex biology and elevating strains to commercial standards depends heavily on robust genetic engineering tools. However, engineering microalgal genomes predominantly relies on random integration of transgenes into nuclear DNA, often resulting in detrimental “position-effects” such as transgene silencing, integration into transcriptionally-inactive regions, and endogenous sequence disruption. With the recent development of extrachromosomal transgene expression via independent episomes, it is timely to investigate both strategies at the phenotypic and genomic level. Here, we engineered the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to produce the high-value heterologous monoterpenoid geraniol, which, besides applications as fragrance and insect repellent, is a key intermediate of high-value pharmaceuticals. Using high-throughput phenotyping we confirmed the suitability of episomes for synthetic biology applications and identified superior geraniol-yielding strains following random integration. We used third generation long-read sequencing technology to generate a complete analysis of all transgene integration events including their genomic locations and arrangements associated with high-performing strains at a genome-wide scale with subchromosomal detail, never before reported in any microalga. This revealed very large, highly concatenated insertion islands, offering profound implications on diatom functional genetics and next generation genome editing technologies, and is key for developing more precise genome engineering approaches in diatoms, including possible genomic safe harbour locations to support high transgene expression for targeted integration approaches. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that exogenous DNA is not integrated inadvertently into the nuclear genome of extrachromosomal-expression clones, an important characterisation of this novel engineering approach that paves the road to synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jestin George
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele Fabris
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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174
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Delayre B, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. TiCl
3
‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3,3‐Trisubstituted Indolenines: Total Synthesis of (+)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine, (+)‐Condyfoline, and (−)‐Tubifoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Delayre
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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175
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Delayre B, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. TiCl
3
‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3,3‐Trisubstituted Indolenines: Total Synthesis of (+)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine, (+)‐Condyfoline, and (−)‐Tubifoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13990-13997. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Delayre
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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176
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Cheng Z, Lu X, Feng B. A review of research progress of antitumor drugs based on tubulin targets. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4020-4027. [PMID: 35117769 PMCID: PMC8797889 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules exist in all eukaryotic cells and are one of the critical components that make up the cytoskeleton. Microtubules play a crucial role in supporting cell morphology, cell division, and material transport. Tubulin modulators can promote microtubule polymerization or cause microtubule depolymerization. The modulators interfere with the mitosis of cells and inhibit cell proliferation. Tubulin mainly has three binding domains, namely, paclitaxel, vinca and colchicine binding domains, which are the best targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Currently, drugs for tumor therapy have been developed for these three domains. However, due to its narrow therapeutic window, poor selectivity, and susceptibility to drug resistance, it has severely limited clinical applications. The method of combined medication, the change of administration method, the modification of compound structure, and the research and development of new targets have all changed the side effects of tubulin drugs to a certain extent. In this review, we briefly introduce a basic overview of tubulin and the main mechanism of anti-tumor. Secondly, we focus on the application of drugs which developed based on the three domains of tubulin to various cancers in various fields. Finally, we further provide the development progress of tubulin inhibitors currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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177
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Jacobowitz JR, Weng JK. Exploring Uncharted Territories of Plant Specialized Metabolism in the Postgenomic Era. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:631-658. [PMID: 32176525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, humans have used plants for food, raw materials, and medicines, but only within the past two centuries have we begun to connect particular plant metabolites with specific properties and utilities. Since the utility of classical molecular genetics beyond model species is limited, the vast specialized metabolic systems present in the Earth's flora remain largely unstudied. With an explosion in genomics resources and a rapidly expanding toolbox over the past decade, exploration of plant specialized metabolism in nonmodel species is becoming more feasible than ever before. We review the state-of-the-art tools that have enabled this rapid progress. We present recent examples of de novo biosynthetic pathway discovery that employ various innovative approaches. We also draw attention to the higher-order organization of plant specialized metabolism at subcellular, cellular, tissue, interorgan, and interspecies levels, which will have important implications for the future design of comprehensive metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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178
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Guirimand G, Guihur A, Perello C, Phillips M, Mahroug S, Oudin A, Dugé de Bernonville T, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Papon N, St-Pierre B, Rodríguez-Concepcíon M, Burlat V, Courdavault V. Cellular and Subcellular Compartmentation of the 2 C-Methyl-D-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in the Madagascar Periwinkle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E462. [PMID: 32272573 PMCID: PMC7238098 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) synthesizes the highly valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) through a long metabolic route initiated by the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In leaves, a complex compartmentation of the MIA biosynthetic pathway occurs at both the cellular and subcellular levels, notably for some gene products of the MEP pathway. To get a complete overview of the pathway organization, we cloned four genes encoding missing enzymes involved in the MEP pathway before conducting a systematic analysis of transcript distribution and protein subcellular localization. RNA in situ hybridization revealed that all MEP pathway genes were coordinately and mainly expressed in internal phloem-associated parenchyma of young leaves, reinforcing the role of this tissue in MIA biosynthesis. At the subcellular level, transient cell transformation and expression of fluorescent protein fusions showed that all MEP pathway enzymes were targeted to plastids. Surprisingly, two isoforms of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase initially exhibited an artifactual aggregated pattern of localization due to high protein accumulation. Immunogold combined with transmission electron microscopy, transient transformations performed with a low amount of transforming DNA and fusion/deletion experiments established that both enzymes were rather diffuse in stroma and stromules of plastids as also observed for the last six enzymes of the pathway. Taken together, these results provide new insights into a potential role of stromules in enhancing MIA precursor exchange with other cell compartments to favor metabolic fluxes towards the MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Guirimand
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Graduate School of Science, Technology & Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Anthony Guihur
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catalina Perello
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Michael Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto–Mississauga, Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
| | - Samira Mahroug
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Department of Environment Sciences, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, 22000 Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, Université d’Angers, UNIV. Brest, F-49333 Angers, France;
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepcíon
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
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179
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Caputi L, Franke J, Bussey K, Farrow SC, Vieira IJC, Stevenson CEM, Lawson DM, O'Connor SE. Structural basis of cycloaddition in biosynthesis of iboga and aspidosperma alkaloids. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:383-386. [PMID: 32066966 PMCID: PMC7104359 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions generate chemical complexity in a single step. Here we report the crystal structures of three homologous plant-derived cyclases involved in the biosynthesis of iboga and aspidosperma alkaloids. These enzymes act on the same substrate, named angryline, to generate three distinct scaffolds. Mutational analysis reveals how these highly similar enzymes control regio- and stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caputi
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Leibniz University Hannover, Centre for Biomolecular Drug Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kate Bussey
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Scott C Farrow
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ivo Jose Curcino Vieira
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Quimicas-UENF-Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - David M Lawson
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Jena, Germany.
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180
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Fabris M, George J, Kuzhiumparambil U, Lawson CA, Jaramillo-Madrid AC, Abbriano RM, Vickers CE, Ralph P. Extrachromosomal Genetic Engineering of the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Enables the Heterologous Production of Monoterpenoids. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:598-612. [PMID: 32032487 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol is a commercially relevant plant-derived monoterpenoid that is a main component of rose essential oil and used as insect repellent. Geraniol is also a key intermediate compound in the biosynthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), a group of over 2000 compounds that include high-value pharmaceuticals. As plants naturally produce extremely small amounts of these molecules and their chemical synthesis is complex, industrially sourcing these compounds is costly and inefficient. Hence, microbial hosts suitable to produce MIA precursors through synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are currently being sought. Here, we evaluated the suitability of a eukaryotic microalga, the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, for the heterologous production of monoterpenoids. Profiling of endogenous metabolism revealed that P. tricornutum, unlike other microbes employed for industrial production of terpenoids, accumulates free pools of the precursor geranyl diphosphate. To evaluate the potential for larger synthetic biology applications, we engineered P. tricornutum through extrachromosomal, episome-based expression, for the heterologous biosynthesis of the MIA intermediate geraniol. By profiling the production of geraniol resulting from various genetic and cultivation arrangements, P. tricornutum reached the maximum geraniol titer of 0.309 mg/L in phototrophic conditions. This work provides (i) a detailed analysis of P. tricornutum endogenous terpenoid metabolism, (ii) a successful demonstration of extrachromosomal expression for metabolic pathway engineering with potential gene-stacking applications, and (iii) a convincing proof-of-concept of the suitability of P. tricornutum as a novel production platform for heterologous monoterpenoids, with potential for complex pathway engineering aimed at the heterologous production of MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Jestin George
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Caitlin A. Lawson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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181
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Courdavault V, O'Connor SE, Oudin A, Besseau S, Papon N. Towards the Microbial Production of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:444-448. [PMID: 32459998 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many of the plant-derived compounds used in chemotherapies are currently produced by semisynthesis, which results in limited supplies at exorbitant market prices. However, the synthetic biology era, which began ca 15 years ago, has progressively yielded encouraging advances by using engineered microbes for the practical production of cheaper plant anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, BBV, EA2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, BBV, EA2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, BBV, EA2106, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, GEIHP, EA3142, Univ Angers, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
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182
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Munakata R, Kitajima S, Nuttens A, Tatsumi K, Takemura T, Ichino T, Galati G, Vautrin S, Bergès H, Grosjean J, Bourgaud F, Sugiyama A, Hehn A, Yazaki K. Convergent evolution of the UbiA prenyltransferase family underlies the independent acquisition of furanocoumarins in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2166-2182. [PMID: 31642055 PMCID: PMC7028039 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins (FCs) are plant-specialized metabolites with potent allelochemical properties. The distribution of FCs is scattered with a chemotaxonomical tendency towards four distant families with highly similar FC pathways. The mechanism by which this pathway emerged and spread in plants has not been elucidated. Furanocoumarin biosynthesis was investigated in Ficus carica (fig, Moraceae), focusing on the first committed reaction catalysed by an umbelliferone dimethylallyltransferase (UDT). Comparative RNA-seq analysis among latexes of different fig organs led to the identification of a UDT. The phylogenetic relationship of this UDT to previously reported Apiaceae UDTs was evaluated. The expression pattern of F. carica prenyltransferase 1 (FcPT1) was related to the FC contents in different latexes. Enzymatic characterization demonstrated that one of the main functions of FcPT1 is UDT activity. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that FcPT1 and Apiaceae UDTs are derived from distinct ancestors, although they both belong to the UbiA superfamily. These findings are supported by significant differences in the related gene structures. This report describes the identification of FcPT1 involved in FC biosynthesis in fig and provides new insights into multiple origins of the FC pathway and, more broadly, into the adaptation of plants to their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Munakata
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
- Université de LorraineINRA, LAEF54000NancyFrance
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied BiologyKyoto Institute of TechnologyMatsugasaki Sakyo‐kuKyoto606‐8585Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research PromotionKyoto Institute of TechnologyMatsugasaki Sakyo‐kuKyoto606‐8585Japan
| | | | - Kanade Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Tomoya Takemura
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | | | - Sonia Vautrin
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales – INRA24 Chemin de Borde RougeAuzeville CS 5262731326Castanet Tolosan CedexFrance
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Centre National de Ressources Genomiques Vegetales – INRA24 Chemin de Borde RougeAuzeville CS 5262731326Castanet Tolosan CedexFrance
| | | | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- Plant Advanced Technologies – PAT19 Avenue de la forêt de Haye54500VandoeuvreFrance
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de LorraineINRA, LAEF54000NancyFrance
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene ExpressionResearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
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183
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Papon N, Clastre M, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Identifying Missing Biosynthesis Enzymes of Plant Natural Products. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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184
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Ashraf MA. Phytochemicals as Potential Anticancer Drugs: Time to Ponder Nature's Bounty. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8602879. [PMID: 32076618 PMCID: PMC7013350 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8602879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used from the beginning of human civilization, which is mostly evident from the ancient script and traditional herbal medicine recipe. Despite the historically enriched demonstration about the use of plant as therapeutics, the pharmaceutical industries lack interest on phytochemical research compared with synthetic drug. Mostly, the absence of information about plant-based medicinal therapeutics is responsible to draw the attention of researchers to think about natural products as potential drug for detrimental diseases, such as cancer. This review will cover about clinically successful plant-based anticancer drugs and underappreciated, but potential, drugs to bridge the information gap between plant biologists and clinical researchers. Additionally, unprecedented advancement of synthetic chemistry, omics study to pin point the target genes/proteins, and efficient drug delivery system have made it easier for researchers to develop a phytochemical as an efficient anticancer drug.
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185
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Aromatization of natural products by a specialized detoxification enzyme. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:250-256. [PMID: 31932723 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In plants, lineage-specific metabolites can be created by activities derived from the catalytic promiscuity of ancestral proteins, although examples of recruiting detoxification systems to biosynthetic pathways are scarce. The ubiquitous glyoxalase (GLX) system scavenges the cytotoxic methylglyoxal, in which GLXI isomerizes the α-hydroxy carbonyl in the methylglyoxal-glutathione adduct for subsequent hydrolysis. We show that GLXIs across kingdoms are more promiscuous than recognized previously and can act as aromatases without cofactors. In cotton, a specialized GLXI variant, SPG, has lost its GSH-binding sites and organelle-targeting signal, and evolved to aromatize cyclic sesquiterpenes bearing α-hydroxyketones to synthesize defense compounds in the cytosol. Notably, SPG is able to transform acetylated deoxynivalenol, the prevalent mycotoxin contaminating cereals and foods. We propose that detoxification enzymes are a valuable source of new catalytic functions and SPG, a standalone enzyme catalyzing complex reactions, has potential for toxin degradation, crop engineering and design of novel aromatics.
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186
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Tanifuji R, Minami A, Oguri H, Oikawa H. Total synthesis of alkaloids using both chemical and biochemical methods. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1098-1121. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize structurally complex natural alkaloids (tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotics, indole diterpenes, and monoterpene indole alkaloids) has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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187
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Gharat SA, Shinde BA, Mule RD, Punekar SA, Dholakia BB, Jayaramaiah RH, Ramaswamy G, Giri AP. High-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses vet the potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis in two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. PLANTA 2019; 251:28. [PMID: 31802261 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploration with high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics of two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa identifies candidate genes, crucial metabolites and a potential cerpegin biosynthetic pathway. Ceropegia bulbosa is an important medicinal plant, used in the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, and syphilis. This is primarily attributed to the presence of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, especially cerpegin. As this plant belongs to an endemic threatened category, genomic resources are not available hampering exploration on the molecular basis of cerpegin accumulation till now. Therefore, we undertook high-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using different tissues from two varieties namely, C. bulbosa var. bulbosa and C. bulbosa var. lushii. Metabolomic analysis revealed spatial and differential accumulation of various metabolites. We chemically synthesized and characterized the cerpegin and its derivatives by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, these comparisons suggested the presence of cerpegin and 5-allyl cerpegin in all C. bulbosa tissues. Further, de novo transcriptome analysis indicated the presence of significant transcripts for secondary metabolic pathways through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. Tissue-specific profiling of transcripts and metabolites showed a significant correlation, suggesting the intricate mechanism of cerpegin biosynthesis. The expression of potential candidate genes from the proposed cerpegin biosynthetic pathway was further validated by qRT-PCR and NanoString nCounter. Overall, our findings propose a potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis. Identified transcripts and metabolites have built a foundation as new molecular resources that could facilitate future research on biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of cerpegin or other important metabolites in such non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Gharat
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Balkrishna A Shinde
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Ravindra D Mule
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin A Punekar
- Biospheres, Eshwari, 52/403, Lakshmi nagar, Parvati, Pune, 411009, India
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramesha H Jayaramaiah
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Theracues Innovations Private Limited, Sahakar nagar, Bangalore, 560092, India
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | | | - Ashok P Giri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
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188
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Zhang Y, Ding X, Shao S, Guo LL, Zhao Q, Hao XJ, He HP. Melocochines A and B, Two Alkaloids from the Fruits of Melodinus cochinchinensis. Org Lett 2019; 21:9272-9275. [PMID: 31663757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shun Shao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Ping He
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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189
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Liesecke F, De Craene JO, Besseau S, Courdavault V, Clastre M, Vergès V, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Glévarec G, Pichon O, Dugé de Bernonville T. Improved gene co-expression network quality through expression dataset down-sampling and network aggregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14431. [PMID: 31594989 PMCID: PMC6783424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale gene co-expression networks are an effective methodology to analyze sets of co-expressed genes and discover new gene functions or associations. Distances between genes are estimated according to their expression profiles and are visualized in networks that may be further partitioned to reveal communities of co-expressed genes. Creating expression profiles is now eased by the large amounts of publicly available expression data (microarrays and RNA-seq). Although many distance calculation methods have been intensively compared and reviewed in the past, it is unclear how to proceed when many samples reflecting a wide range of different conditions are available. Should as many samples as possible be integrated into network construction or be partitioned into smaller sets of more related samples? Previous studies have indicated a saturation in network performances to capture known associations once a certain number of samples is included in distance calculations. Here, we examined the influence of sample size on co-expression network construction using microarray and RNA-seq expression data from three plant species. We tested different down-sampling methods and compared network performances in recovering known gene associations to networks obtained from full datasets. We further examined how aggregating networks may help increase this performance by testing six aggregation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 BBV, Université de Tours, Tours, 37200, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 GEIHP, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, 49100, France
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190
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Fu N, Yang ZL, Pauchet Y, Paetz C, Brandt W, Boland W, Burse A. A cytochrome P450 from the mustard leaf beetles hydroxylates geraniol, a key step in iridoid biosynthesis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 113:103212. [PMID: 31425853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae synthesize the iridoid chysomelidial via the mevalonate pathway to repel predators. The normal terpenoid biosynthesis is integrated into the dedicated defensive pathway by the ω-hydroxylation of geraniol to (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diol (ω-OH-geraniol). Here we identify and characterize the P450 monooxygenase CYP6BH5 as the geraniol hydroxylase using integrated transcriptomics, proteomics and RNA interference (RNAi). In the fat body, 73 cytochrome P450s were identified, and CYP6BH5 was among those that were expressed specifically in fat body. Double stranded RNA mediated knockdown of CYP6BH5 led to a significant reduction of ω-hydroxygeraniol glucoside in the hemolymph and, later, of the chrysomelidial in the defensive secretion. Heterologously expressed CYP6BH5 converted geraniol to ω-OH-geraniol. In addition to geraniol, CYP6BH5 also catalyzes hydroxylation of other monoterpenols, such as nerol and citronellol to the corresponding α,ω-dihydroxy compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Fu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe Hochschule Jena, Carl Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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191
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Maeda HA. Harnessing evolutionary diversification of primary metabolism for plant synthetic biology. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16549-16566. [PMID: 31558606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce numerous natural products that are essential to both plant and human physiology. Recent identification of genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis now provides exciting opportunities to reconstruct plant natural product pathways in heterologous systems through synthetic biology. The use of plant chassis, although still in infancy, can take advantage of plant cells' inherent capacity to synthesize and store various phytochemicals. Also, large-scale plant biomass production systems, driven by photosynthetic energy production and carbon fixation, could be harnessed for industrial-scale production of natural products. However, little is known about which plants could serve as ideal hosts and how to optimize plant primary metabolism to efficiently provide precursors for the synthesis of desirable downstream natural products or specialized (secondary) metabolites. Although primary metabolism is generally assumed to be conserved, unlike the highly-diversified specialized metabolism, primary metabolic pathways and enzymes can differ between microbes and plants and also among different plants, especially at the interface between primary and specialized metabolisms. This review highlights examples of the diversity in plant primary metabolism and discusses how we can utilize these variations in plant synthetic biology. I propose that understanding the evolutionary, biochemical, genetic, and molecular bases of primary metabolic diversity could provide rational strategies for identifying suitable plant hosts and for further optimizing primary metabolism for sizable production of natural and bio-based products in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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192
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Zhang J, Liu ZW, Ao YL, Hu LJ, Wei CJ, Zhang QH, Yuan MF, Wang Y, Zhang QW, Ye WC, Zhang XQ. Hunterines A-C, Three Unusual Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14892-14897. [PMID: 31475536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Three new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), hunterines A-C (1-3), were isolated from Hunteria zeylanica. Compound 1 possesses a unique skeleton with an unprecedented azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane ring system. Compounds 2 and 3 are a pair of epimeric vobasinylindole alkaloid heterodimers. Their structures including absolute configurations were established by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, computational calculation, and the modified Mosher's method. Plausible biogenetic pathways of 1-3 were also proposed. Alkaloid 1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao SAR , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Ao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Cui-Jie Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Meng-Fei Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao SAR , P.R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
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193
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kim SH, Pandey A. Tailoring of microbes for the production of high value plant-derived compounds: From pathway engineering to fermentative production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140262. [PMID: 31404685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been an attracting platform for the isolation of various active drugs and other bioactives. However large-scale extraction of these compounds is affected by the difficulty in mass cultivation of these plants and absence of strategies for successful extraction. Even though, synthesis by chemical method is an alternative method; it is less efficient as their chemical structure is highly complex which involve enantio-selectivity. Thus an alternate bio-system for heterologous production of plant natural products using microbes has emerged. Advent of various omics, synthetic and metabolic engineering strategies revolutionised the field of heterologous plant metabolite production. In this context, various engineering methods taken to synthesise plant natural products are described with an additional focus to fermentation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Sang Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, India.
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194
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Farrow SC, Kamileen MO, Caputi L, Bussey K, Mundy JEA, McAtee RC, Stephenson CRJ, O'Connor SE. Biosynthesis of an Anti-Addiction Agent from the Iboga Plant. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12979-12983. [PMID: 31364847 PMCID: PMC6706869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
(−)-Ibogaine
and (−)-voacangine are plant derived
psychoactives that show promise as treatments for opioid addiction.
However, these compounds are produced by hard to source plants, making
these chemicals difficult for broad-scale use. Here we report the
complete biosynthesis of (−)-voacangine, and de-esterified
voacangine, which is converted to (−)-ibogaine by heating,
enabling biocatalytic production of these compounds. Notably, (−)-ibogaine
and (−)-voacangine are of the opposite enantiomeric configuration
compared to the other major alkaloids found in this natural product
class. Therefore, this discovery provides insight into enantioselective
enzymatic formal Diels–Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Farrow
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis , Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology , Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Mohamed O Kamileen
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis , Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology , Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis , Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology , Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Kate Bussey
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Julia E A Mundy
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH , United Kingdom
| | - Rory C McAtee
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis , Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology , Hans-Knöll-Straße 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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195
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Williams D, Qu Y, Simionescu R, De Luca V. The assembly of (+)-vincadifformine- and (-)-tabersonine-derived monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus involves separate branch pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:626-636. [PMID: 31009114 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has led to their use in cancer treatment and other medical applications. Their biosynthesis has involved the formation of reactive intermediates by responsible enzymes to elaborate several different chemical scaffolds. Modification of scaffolds through different substitution reactions has produced chemically diverse MIAs and related biological activities. The present study characterizes the three-step pathway involved in the formation of (+)-echitovenine, the major O-acetylated MIA of Catharanthus roseus roots, and differentiates it from a parallel pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine. Separate hydrolases convert a common reactive MIA intermediate to aspidosperma skeletons of opposite specific rotations, that is (+)-vincadifformine and (-)-tabersonine, respectively. The formation of (+) minovincinine from (+) vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (V19H) is catalyzed by a root-specific cytochrome P450 with high amino acid sequence similarity to the leaf-specific tabersonine-3-hydroxylase involved in vindoline biosynthesis. Similarly, O-acetylation of (+)-minovincinine to form (+) echitovenine involves minovincinine-O-acetytransferase. The substrate specificity of V19H and MAT for their respective (+)-enantiomers defines the separate enantiomer-specific pathway involved in (+)-echitovenine biosynthesis and differentiates it from a parallel (-)-enantiomer-specific pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine from (-)-tabersonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Razvan Simionescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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196
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Norwood VM, Huigens RW. Harnessing the Chemistry of the Indole Heterocycle to Drive Discoveries in Biology and Medicine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2273-2297. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verrill M. Norwood
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)University of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)University of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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197
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Mortensen S, Bernal-Franco D, Cole LF, Sathitloetsakun S, Cram EJ, Lee-Parsons CWT. EASI Transformation: An Efficient Transient Expression Method for Analyzing Gene Function in Catharanthus roseus Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31263474 PMCID: PMC6585625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Catharanthus roseus plant is the exclusive source of the valuable anticancer terpenoid indole alkaloids, vinblastine (VB) and vincristine (VC). The recent availability of transcriptome and genome resources for C. roseus necessitates a fast and reliable method for studying gene function. In this study, we developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method to enable the functional study of genes rapidly in planta, conserving the compartmentalization observed in the VB and VC pathway. We focused on (1) improving the transformation method (syringe versus vacuum agroinfiltration) and cultivation conditions (seedling age, Agrobacterium density, and time point of maximum transgene expression), (2) improving transformation efficiency through the constitutive expression of the virulence genes and suppressing RNA silencing mechanisms, and (3) improving the vector design by incorporating introns, quantitative and qualitative reporter genes (luciferase and GUS genes), and accounting for transformation heterogeneity across the tissue using an internal control. Of all the parameters tested, vacuum infiltration of young seedlings (10-day-old, harvested 3 days post-infection) resulted in the strongest increase in transgene expression, at 18 - 57 fold higher than either vacuum or syringe infiltration of other seedling ages. Endowing the A. tumefaciens strain with the mutated VirGN54D or silencing suppressors within the same plasmid as the reporter gene further increased expression by 2 - 10 fold. For accurate measurement of promoter transactivation or activity, we included an internal control to normalize the differences in plant mass and transformation efficiency. Including the normalization gene (Renilla luciferase) on the same plasmid as the reporter gene (firefly luciferase) consistently yielded a high signal and a high correlation between RLUC and FLUC. As proof of principle, we applied this approach to investigate the regulation of the CroSTR1 promoter with the well-known activator ORCA3 and repressor ZCT1. Our method demonstrated the quantitative assessment of both the activation and repression of promoter activity in C. roseus. Our efficient Agrobacterium-mediated seedling infiltration (EASI) protocol allows highly efficient, reproducible, and homogenous transformation of C. roseus cotyledons and provides a timely tool for the community to rapidly assess the function of genes in planta, particularly for investigating how transcription factors regulate terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diana Bernal-Franco
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren F. Cole
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suphinya Sathitloetsakun
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee-Parsons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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198
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Tackling Cancer with Yeast-Based Technologies. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:592-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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199
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Cravens A, Payne J, Smolke CD. Synthetic biology strategies for microbial biosynthesis of plant natural products. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2142. [PMID: 31086174 PMCID: PMC6513858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineers endeavor to create a bio-based manufacturing industry using microbes to produce fuels, chemicals, and medicines. Plant natural products (PNPs) are historically challenging to produce and are ubiquitous in medicines, flavors, and fragrances. Engineering PNP pathways into new hosts requires finding or modifying a suitable host to accommodate the pathway, planning and implementing a biosynthetic route to the compound, and discovering or engineering enzymes for missing steps. In this review, we describe recent developments in metabolic engineering at the level of host, pathway, and enzyme, and discuss how the field is approaching ever more complex biosynthetic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Cravens
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James Payne
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christina D Smolke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, MC 4245, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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200
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Courdavault V, Papon N, Clastre M. Vers la bioproduction de métabolites anticancéreux par les levures. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:417-419. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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