1
|
Xie SS, Shen JJ, Liu Y, Yang ZL, Wang WC, Yang L, Zhu YW. Effects of fermented cottonseed meal inclusions on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and hepatic lipid metabolism of geese during 28-70 d of age. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103702. [PMID: 38652950 PMCID: PMC11063510 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) inclusion levels on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and hepatic lipid metabolism in geese from 28 to 70 d of age. A total of 288 twenty-eight-d-old male geese were randomly divided into 4 treatments with FCSM levels of 0, 5, 15 and 25% including 0, 22.74, 67.33, 111.27 mg FG/kg diet, respectively. Each treatment contained 6 replicates and 12 birds per replicate. Treatments of FCSM inclusions from 0 to 25% had no effect on growth rate and feed intake in geese during d 28 to 70. The F/G ratio was increased (P < 0.05) in geese fed the diet with 25% FCSM compared with birds fed the diet with 0% FCSM. Treatment with 25% FCSM levels had no effect on the contents of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, but increased (P < 0.05) AST and ALT activities in serum of geese at d 70. Treatment with 25% FCSM increased the contents of FG, HDL-C, TC, C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and PUFA and decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of NEFA, SFA, MUFA in liver compared with treatment of 0% FCSM inclusion. Additionally, treatment with 25% FCSM decreased (P < 0.05) the PPARα, AMPK, and LXR mRNA expression related to lipid deposition, and increased (P < 0.05) PPARγ and ACC mRNA expression related to lipolysis in liver compared with birds fed the diet with 0% FCSM. Overall, treatment with 0 to 15% FCSM (<=67.33 mg FG/kg diet) had no adverse effects on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of geese. However, treatment fed 25% FCSM (111.27 mg FG/kg diet) decreased feed efficiency and promoted hepatic lipid deposition associated with the alteration of related gene expression in geese at 28 to 70 d of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - J J Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Z L Yang
- Woman Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - W C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - L Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Y W Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000 China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Körnig J, Ortizo K, Sporer T, Yang ZL, Beran F. Different myrosinases activate sequestered glucosinolates in larvae and adults of the horseradish flea beetle. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 163:104040. [PMID: 37995833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases play an important role in the chemical defense of many insects by hydrolyzing and thereby activating glucosylated pro-toxins that are either synthesized de novo or sequestered from the insect's diet. The horseradish flea beetle, Phyllotreta armoraciae, sequesters pro-toxic glucosinolates from its brassicaceous host plants and possesses endogenous β-thioglucosidase enzymes, known as myrosinases, for glucosinolate activation. Here, we identify three myrosinase genes in P. armoraciae (PaMyr) with distinct expression patterns during beetle ontogeny. By using RNA interference, we demonstrate that PaMyr1 is responsible for myrosinase activity in adults, whereas PaMyr2 is responsible for myrosinase activity in larvae. Compared to PaMyr1 and PaMyr2, PaMyr3 was only weakly expressed in our laboratory population, but may contribute to myrosinase activity in larvae. Silencing of PaMyr2 resulted in lower larval survival in a predation experiment and also reduced the breakdown of sequestered glucosinolates in uninjured larvae. This suggests that PaMyr2 is involved in both activated defense and the endogenous turnover of sequestered glucosinolates in P. armoraciae larvae. In activity assays with recombinant enzymes, PaMyr1 and PaMyr2 preferred different glucosinolates as substrates, which was consistent with the enzyme activities in crude protein extracts from adults and larvae, respectively. These differences were unexpected because larvae and adults sequester the same glucosinolates. Possible reasons for different myrosinase activities in Phyllotreta larvae and adults are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Körnig
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany; Department Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kris Ortizo
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Sporer
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Franziska Beran
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany; Department Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany; Population Ecology Group, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren H, Guo Z, Qin WJ, Yang ZL. Association of Interleukin-6 Genetic Polymorphisms (rs1800795, -174C > G and rs1800796, -572G > C) With Risk of Essential Hypertension in the Chinese Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e46334. [PMID: 37920615 PMCID: PMC10618844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a critical role in essential hypertension (EH) and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests two hotspot single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-6 gene (rs1800795, -174C > G and rs1800796, -572G > C) might be associated with the susceptibility of EH. However, no consensus has yet been established. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential association between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and the risk of EH based on a case-control study in a Chinese population. Materials and methods A total of 479 subjects (272 healthy controls and 207 EH patients) were randomly enrolled in our study. After extracting the genomic DNA, two SNPs of the IL-6 gene (rs1800795, -174C > G and rs1800796, -572G > C) were genotyped to analyze the potential association between these genetic variants and EH risk. Multiple genetic models were performed to investigate the strength of association by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The potential effect of SNPs on gene expression was evaluated using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. Results The genotyping findings of IL-6 rs1800795, -174C > G polymorphism showed three study participants with CG genotype and 204 with GG genotype in the EH patients. The IL-6 -174C > G polymorphism was significantly associated with EH risk (P = 0.046) and conferred a reduced risk of EH development (OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.97-1.00). Conversely, no substantial association between IL-6 rs1800796, -572G > C polymorphism and the risk of EH was found in all genetic models (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eQTL analysis indicated that the -174C > G polymorphism was significantly associated with gene expression of IL-6 (P = 0.006), and the G allele corresponded to a reduced IL-6 gene expression (Beta = -0.397). Compared with -174C > G, the -572G > C polymorphism was not found to be significantly associated with IL-6 gene expression (Beta = -0.120, P = 0.560). Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that the rs1800795, -174C > G polymorphism can affect the expression levels of IL-6, and the risk of EH occurrence. However, the rs1800796, -572G > C polymorphism does not regulate the IL-6 gene expression levels and the susceptibility of EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ren
- Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, CHN
| | - Zhen Guo
- Genetics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, CHN
| | - Wen-Jie Qin
- Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, CHN
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, CHN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan Z, Lu JG, Jiang P, Han JL, Chen HL, Han ZW, Liu K, Qian L, Xu RX, Zhang B, Luo JT, Yan Z, Yang ZL, Zhou DJ, Wang PF, Wang C, Li MH, Zhu M. A binary pulsar in a 53-minute orbit. Nature 2023; 620:961-964. [PMID: 37339734 PMCID: PMC10468392 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Spider pulsars are neutron stars that have a companion star in a close orbit. The companion star sheds material to the neutron star, spinning it up to millisecond rotation periods, while the orbit shortens to hours. The companion is eventually ablated and destroyed by the pulsar wind and radiation1,2. Spider pulsars are key for studying the evolutionary link between accreting X-ray pulsars and isolated millisecond pulsars, pulsar irradiation effects and the birth of massive neutron stars3-6. Black widow pulsars in extremely compact orbits (as short as 62 minutes7) have companions with masses much smaller than 0.1 M⊙. They may have evolved from redback pulsars with companion masses of about 0.1-0.4 M⊙ and orbital periods of less than 1 day8. If this is true, then there should be a population of millisecond pulsars with moderate-mass companions and very short orbital periods9, but, hitherto, no such system was known. Here we report radio observations of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) that show it to have an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of around 0.07 M⊙. It is a faint X-ray source and located 2.5 arcminutes from the centre of the globular cluster M71.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Pan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J G Lu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P Jiang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - J L Han
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - H-L Chen
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Z W Han
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - K Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Qian
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - J T Luo
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Yan
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Yang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - D J Zhou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P F Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He L, Yang Z, Xu J, Wang Q. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Combination of Chinese Herbal Fumigation Sitz-Bath and Red Ointment in Managing Postoperative Wound Healing and Pain Control in Anal Fistula Patients. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:1905279. [PMID: 36176927 PMCID: PMC9499773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1905279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the efficacy of Chinese herbal fumigation and sitz-bath combined with red ointment in the treatment of postoperative wound healing and pain control in anal fistula patients. Methods A total of 118 anal fistula patients were selected as the study population, randomly divided into two groups, i.e., the research group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 60). The control group was treated with red ointment therapy for postoperative wound healing and pain while the research group was treated with a combination of ointment and traditional Chinese medicine fumigation sitz-bath, Postoperative wound healing, pain control, and safety evaluation were compared between the two groups. Results. The total effective rate in the research group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (93.10%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The VAS scores and postoperative wound healing times in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A day after postoperative treatment, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in TNF-α and IL-6 levels between the two study groups; however, from day 3 to day 14 the levels were statistically different. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in research group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the research group at 6.67% was statistically significant (P < 0.05), significantly lower than 13.79% in the control group. Conclusion. Postoperative intervention with Chinese herbal fumigation and sitz-bath combined with red ointment can effectively reduce the wound healing duration and lower the degree of pain experienced by anal fistula patients, thereby improving their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - ZhiLing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Anorectal Diseases, Shanghai Baoshan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - QingMing Wang
- Department of Anorectal Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang YJ, Ren LL, Lin XY, Han XM, Wang W, Yang ZL. Molecular evolution and functional characterization of chitinase gene family in Populus trichocarpa. Gene 2022; 822:146329. [PMID: 35181500 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases, the chitin-degrading enzymes, have been shown to play important role in defense against the chitin-containing fungal pathogens. In this study, we identified 48 chitinase-coding genes from the woody model plant Populus trichocarpa. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the Populus chitinases were classified into seven groups. Different gene structures and protein domain architectures were found among the seven Populus chitinase groups. Selection pressure analysis indicated that all the seven groups are under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis combined with chromosome location analysis showed that Populus chitinase gene family mainly expanded through tandem duplication. The Populus chitinase gene family underwent marked expression divergence and is inducibly expressed in response to treatments, such as chitosan, chitin, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. Protein enzymatic activity analysis showed that Populus chitinases had activity towards both chitin and chitosan. By integrating sequence characteristic, phylogenetic, selection pressure, gene expression and protein activity analysis, this study shed light on the evolution and function of chitinase family in poplar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xue-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li XM, Zhang LM, Li Y, Zhu QY, Zhao C, Fang SB, Yang ZL. Usefulness of transperineal shear wave elastography of levator ani muscle in women with stress urinary incontinence. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:1873-1880. [PMID: 35290481 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantitatively assess the quality of levator ani muscle (LAM) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and to evaluate the association between the elasticity of LAM and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The study population included 32 women with SUI and 34 women with normal pelvic support. The thickness of LAM, bladder neck descent (BND), and urethral funneling (UF) were assessed by transperineal ultrasound. LAM elasticity was measured by SWE at rest and during the maximal Valsalva maneuver. Age, menopause, BND, and UF showed a positive correlation with SUI. There was no significant between-group difference in the elastic modulus values of LAM at rest. The thickness of LAM in women with SUI was greater than that in control group at rest and during the maximal Valsalva maneuver (P < 0.001). The elastic modulus values of Emax and Emean were significantly increased from rest to the maximal Valsalva maneuver in all participants (56.24 vs 82.43 kPa and 47.92 vs 72.37 kPa, P < 0.001). The change of these variables from rest to the maximal Valsalva maneuver in the control group was more obvious than that in the SUI group (34.09 vs 17.87 kPa and 31.55 vs 16.82 kPa, P < 0.05). The elasticity of LAM, as quantified by SWE, may potentially be used as an index for predicting SUI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X M Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - L M Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, Jining, 261031, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Q Y Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - S B Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang ZL, Seitz F, Grabe V, Nietzsche S, Richter A, Reichelt M, Beutel R, Beran F. Rapid and Selective Absorption of Plant Defense Compounds From the Gut of a Sequestering Insect. Front Physiol 2022; 13:846732. [PMID: 35309070 PMCID: PMC8928188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many herbivorous insects exploit defense compounds produced by their host plants for protection against predators. Ingested plant defense compounds are absorbed via the gut epithelium and stored in the body, a physiological process that is currently not well understood. Here, we investigated the absorption of plant defense compounds from the gut in the horseradish flea beetle, Phyllotreta armoraciae, a specialist herbivore known to selectively sequester glucosinolates from its brassicaceous host plants. Feeding experiments using a mixture of glucosinolates and other glucosides not found in the host plants showed a rapid and selective uptake of glucosinolates in adult beetles. In addition, we provide evidence that this uptake mainly takes place in the foregut, whereas the endodermal midgut is the normal region of absorption. Absorption via the foregut epithelium is surprising as the apical membrane is covered by a chitinous intima. However, we could show that this cuticular layer differs in its structure and overall thickness between P. armoraciae and a non-sequestering leaf beetle. In P. armoraciae, we observed a thinner cuticle with a less dense chitinous matrix, which might facilitate glucosinolate absorption. Our results show that a selective and rapid uptake of glucosinolates from the anterior region of the gut contributes to the selective sequestration of glucosinolates in P. armoraciae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabian Seitz
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Richter
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Beutel
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Beran
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Beran,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu HJ, Yang ZL, Ren LL, Wang YM, Wang X, Qian TT. Functional Divergence of the Glutamine Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Amidotransferase (ASE) Gene Family in Arabidopsis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Raine JC, Su S, Lin E, Yang ZL, Giesy JP, Jones PD. Prefertilization Exposure of Rainbow Trout Eggs to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Simulate Accumulation During Oogenesis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:3159-3165. [PMID: 34449918 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are used in firefighting and are sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment through surface runoff and groundwater contamination at defense and transportation sites. Little is known regarding the toxicity and bioaccumulation of newer AFFF formulations containing novel PFAS. To mimic maternal transfer of PFAS, prefertilization rainbow trout eggs were exposed to three PFAS using novel methodologies. Batches of unfertilized oocytes were exposed for 3 h to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg/ml separately to perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in either coelomic fluid or Cortland's solution. After exposure, the gametes were fertilized and rinsed with dechlorinated water. Egg yolk was aspirated from a subset of fertilized eggs for PFAS quantification. Each PFAS was detected in yolks of eggs exposed to the respective PFAS, and yolk concentrations were directly proportional to concentrations in aqueous media to which they were exposed. Exposure in coelomic fluid or Cortland's solution resulted in similar concentrations of PFAS in egg yolks. Ratios of PFAS concentrations in oocytes to concentrations in exposure media (oocyte fluid ratios) were <0.99 when exposed from 0.01 to 10 µg/ml and <0.45 when exposed from 0.1 to 10 µg/ml for both media and all three PFAS, demonstrating that the water solubility of the chemicals was relatively great. Prefertilization exposure of eggs effectively introduced PFAS into unfertilized egg yolk. This method provided a means of mimicking maternal transfer to evaluate toxicity to developing embryos from an early stage. This method is more rapid and efficient than injection of individual fertilized eggs and avoids trauma from inserting needles into eggs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3159-3165. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Raine
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Su
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - E Lin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Z L Yang
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - P D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu X, Sun LD, Wang M, Zhang P, Yang ZL, Liang H, Tao KX, Cao H, Xu WT. [Efficacy comparison between laparoscopy and open surgery in the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors larger than 2 cm using multicenter propensity score matching method]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:888-895. [PMID: 32927514 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20200616-00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy between laparoscopy and open surgery for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) larger than 2 cm. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria: long diameter of primary gastric GIST > 2 cm; undergoing laparoscopy or open surgery; diagnosis confirmed by postoperative pathology without distant metastasis; without preoperative targeted therapy. Clinicopathological data of 857 gastric GIST patients, including 320 in PLA General Hospital, 284 in Shanghai Renji Hospital, 175 in Wuhan Union Hospital and 78 in Tianjin Cancer Hospital, from January 2010 to May 2017 were retrospectively collected. There were 418 males and 439 females, mainly aged between 50 and 70 years old. Among 857 patients, 413 were in the laparoscopy group and 444 in the open group. The nearest neighbor matching of propensity score matching method was conducted with 1:1 matching based on tumor location and size between laparoscopy and open group to obtain samples of covariate equilibrium, and the caliper value was 0.04. The t test, χ(2) test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to compare short-term efficacy, and the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test were applied to compare long-term outcomes between the two groups. Results: After propensity score matching, laparoscopy group and open group both enrolled 293 cases. The baseline data, including age, gender, tumor location, tumor long diameter, NIH classification, etc. were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the open group, the laparoscopy group had less intraoperative blood loss [<100 ml: 2.9% (155/293) vs. 36.2% (106/293), Z=-12.857, P<0.001], shorter time to postoperative feeding [(4.0±0.2) days vs. (5.3±0.9) days, t=1.505, P=0.003] and to the removal of drainage tube [(4.8±1.0) days vs. (6.5±1.0) days, t=1.847, P=0.008], and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(8.6±0.3) days vs. (10.5±0.3) days, t=4.235, P<0.001]. Subgroups analysis according to anatomical location: (1) Gastric cardia and pylorus: there were no statistically significant differences in perioperative parameters between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Stomach base: feeding time after surgery [(4.0±0.2) days vs. (4.5±0.2) days, t=0.512, P=0.038], drainage tube removal time [(5.1±0.4) days vs. (6.4±0.6) days, t=0.517, P=0.044], postoperative hospital stay [(8.0±0.5) days vs. (11.1±0.9) days, t=0.500, P=0.002] were all significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group as compared to the open group, while the differences in other perioperative parameters were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). (3) Lesser curvature of the stomach: the laparoscopy group had less intraoperative blood loss [<100 ml ratio: 58.1% (43/74) vs. 33.7% (25/74), Z=7.632, P=0.034], shorter gastric tube removal time [(2.7±0.2) days vs. (3.2±0.3) days, t=0.503, P=0.007], earlier postoperative passage of gas [(2.8±0.1) days vs. (3.4±0.2) days, t=0.532, P=0.030], earlier postoperative feeding [(3.6±0.2) days vs. (4.3±0.2) days, t=0.508, P=0.020], shorter drainage tube removal time [(4.2±0.4) days vs. (5.7±0.5) days, t=0.508, P=0.020] and postoperative hospital stay [(8.3±0.6) days vs. (10.7±0.3) days, t=0.502, P=0.006] as compared to the open group. (4) Great curvature of the stomach: the laparoscopy group presented less intraoperative blood loss [<100 ml ratio: 52.7% (39/74) vs. 36.5% (27/74), Z=7.681, P=0.032], earlier gastric tube removal [(2.6±0.2) days vs. (3.6±0.2) days, t=0.501, P=0.001], earlier postoperative passage of gas [(2.7±0.2) days vs. (3.4±0.2) days, t=0.501, P=0.016], earlier postoperative feeding [(3.6±0.2) days vs. (4.7±0.2) days, t=0.500, P=0.001], shorter drainage tube removal time [(4.0±0.5) days to (5.9±0.4) days, t=0.508, P=0.002] and postoperative hospital stay [(7.5±0.3) days to (9.5±0.1) days, t=0.500, P=0.001] than the open group. Subgroup analysis according to tumor size: (1) Tumor long diameter 2.0-5.0 cm: the laparoscopy group had earlier passage of gas [(2.9±0.1) days vs. (3.5±0.1) days, t=0.500, P=0.001], earlier postoperative feeding [(4.5±0.1) days vs. (5.0±0.2) days, t=0.501, P=0.013], shorter drainage tube removal time [(4.8±0.3) days vs. (6.0±0.3) days, t=0.511, P=0.008] and postoperative hospital stay [(8.1±0.4) days to (10.1±0.3) days, t=0.513, P=0.001] than the open group. (2) Tumor long diameter 5.1-10.0 cm: in the laparoscopic group, postoperative feeding time [(4.0±0.2) days vs. (4.7±0.2) days, t=0.506, P=0.015], drainage tube removal time [(4.6±0.4) days vs. (6.4±0.5)) days, t=0.501, P=0.004], postoperative hospital stay [(8.2±0.3) days vs. (10.9±0.6) days, t=0.500, P=0.001] were all shorter than those in the open group. No intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in each group. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of the laparoscopy group and the open group were 95.4% and 91.6%, respectively (P=0.734), and the 5-year overall survival rates were 93.8% and 90.8% (P=0.691), respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In experienced medical centers, laparoscopic surgery for gastric GIST larger than 2 cm is safe and feasible, and can achieve comparable efficacy with open surgery. For gastric GISTs which do not locate in the greater curvature and the anterior wall of the stomach, and whose long diameter is ≤5 cm, laparoscopic surgery does not increase the risk of recurrence and metastasis, and can accelerate postoperative recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - L D Sun
- General Surgery Department of Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - P Zhang
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College HuazhongUniversity of Science and Techinology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Z L Yang
- General Surgery Department of Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - K X Tao
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College HuazhongUniversity of Science and Techinology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - W T Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong YB, Yang ZL, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang K, Shi XJ, Deng YH, Zhang X, Wu W, Zhang CY, Zhou J. Two cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with the combination of acupuncture and medication in bedridden patients 2. World J Acupunct Moxibustion 2020; 30:171-174. [PMID: 32837108 PMCID: PMC7367001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports the experiences in treatment of two cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the combination of acupuncture and medication in bedridden patients confirmed in C7 Inpatient Ward, Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital, China. The combined treatment of acupuncture with the oral administration of "Shanghai leishen No.1 formula" was given every day. The prescription was modified weekly according the symptoms of the patients. Besides, the antivirus, anti-infectious and symptomatic treatment of western medicine was combined. Both of the two cases were improved and discharged. It is anticipated that the treatment experiences in these two cases may provide the instruction and enlightenment for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bin Gong
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Shi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hai Deng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, 185 Meizhou Rd, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen J, Ullah C, Reichelt M, Beran F, Yang ZL, Gershenzon J, Hammerbacher A, Vassão DG. The phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum detoxifies plant glucosinolate hydrolysis products via an isothiocyanate hydrolase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3090. [PMID: 32555161 PMCID: PMC7303113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicales plants produce glucosinolates and myrosinases that generate toxic isothiocyanates conferring broad resistance against pathogens and herbivorous insects. Nevertheless, some cosmopolitan fungal pathogens, such as the necrotrophic white mold Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, are able to infect many plant hosts including glucosinolate producers. Here, we show that S. sclerotiorum infection activates the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, and isothiocyanates contribute to resistance against this fungus. S. sclerotiorum metabolizes isothiocyanates via two independent pathways: conjugation to glutathione and, more effectively, hydrolysis to amines. The latter pathway features an isothiocyanate hydrolase that is homologous to a previously characterized bacterial enzyme, and converts isothiocyanate into products that are not toxic to the fungus. The isothiocyanate hydrolase promotes fungal growth in the presence of the toxins, and contributes to the virulence of S. sclerotiorum on glucosinolate-producing plants. Some plants produce toxic isothiocyanates that protect them against pathogens. Here, Chen et al. show that the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum converts isothiocyanates into non-toxic compounds via glutathione conjugation and, more effectively, via hydrolysis to amines using an isothiocyanate hydrolase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Beran
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Daniel G Vassão
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu HJ, Wang X, Yang ZL, Ren LL, Qian TT. Identification and biochemical characterization of the glutathione reductase family from Populus trichocarpa. Plant Sci 2020; 294:110459. [PMID: 32234218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a key NADPH-dependent flavo-protein oxidoreductase which can catalyze the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) to protect plant cells from oxidative damage induced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. To investigate the biochemical characteristics and functional divergence of Populus GR family, three GR genes (PtGR1.1/1.2/2) were cloned from Populus trichocarpa and their biochemical characteristics were analyzed in this study. All the three genes were expressed in root, stem, leaf and bud, and the expression of PtGR genes were general upregulated under salicylic acid and alamethicin treatment. PtGR1.1 and PtGR1.2 were localized in cytoplasm, while PtGR2 was in chloroplast. The three PtGR proteins showed different enzymatic activities, apparent kinetic characteristic and thermal stability profiles. However, they have similar bivalent metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+) sensitivity and optimum pH profiles. Our study sheds light on a comprehensive information of glutathione reductase family in P. trichocarpa, and proved PtGR genes play critical roles when suffering different stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang ZL, Kunert G, Sporer T, Körnig J, Beran F. Glucosinolate Abundance and Composition in Brassicaceae Influence Sequestration in a Specialist Flea Beetle. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:186-197. [PMID: 31953704 PMCID: PMC7056735 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The horseradish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae exclusively feeds on Brassicaceae, which contain glucosinolates as characteristic defense compounds. Although glucosinolates are usually degraded by plant enzymes (myrosinases) to toxic isothiocyanates after ingestion, P. armoraciae beetles sequester glucosinolates. Between and within brassicaceous plants, the glucosinolate content and composition can differ drastically. But how do these factors influence sequestration in P. armoraciae? To address this question, we performed a five-day feeding experiment with three Arabidopsis thaliana lines that differ four-fold in glucosinolate content and the composition of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates. We quantified the amounts of ingested, sequestered, and excreted glucosinolates, and analyzed the changes in glucosinolate levels and composition in beetles before and after feeding on Arabidopsis. P. armoraciae accumulated almost all ingested glucosinolate types. However, some glucosinolates were accumulated more efficiently than others, and selected glucosinolates were modified by the beetles. The uptake of new glucosinolates correlated with a decrease in the level of stored glucosinolates so that the total glucosinolate content remained stable at around 35 nmol/mg beetle fresh weight. Beetles excreted previously stored as well as ingested glucosinolates from Arabidopsis, which suggests that P. armoraciae regulate their endogenous glucosinolate level by excretion. The metabolic fate of ingested glucosinolates, i.e. the proportions of sequestered and excreted glucosinolates, depended on glucosinolate type, content, and composition in the food plant. Overall, P. armoraciae sequestered and excreted up to 41% and 31% of the total ingested aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates from Arabidopsis, respectively. In summary, we show that glucosinolate variability in Brassicaceae influences the composition but not the level of sequestered glucosinolates in P. armoraciae beetles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Sporer
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Körnig
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Beran
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahn SJ, Betzin F, Gikonyo MW, Yang ZL, Köllner TG, Beran F. Identification and evolution of glucosinolate sulfatases in a specialist flea beetle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15725. [PMID: 31673017 PMCID: PMC6823443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates, a characteristic group of specialized metabolites found in Brassicales plants, are converted to toxic isothiocyanates upon herbivory. Several insect herbivores, including the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala), prevent glucosinolate activation by forming desulfo-glucosinolates. Here we investigated the molecular basis of glucosinolate desulfation in P. chrysocephala, an important pest of oilseed rape. Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. In agreement with GSS activity localization in vivo, we identified six genes encoding arylsulfatase-like enzymes with a predicted C-terminal transmembrane domain, of which five showed GSS activity upon heterologous expression in insect cells. PcGSS1 and PcGSS2 used sinalbin and indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate as substrates, respectively, whereas PcGSS3, PcGSS4, and PcGSS5 showed weak activity in enzyme assays. RNAi-mediated knock-down of PcGSS1 and PcGSS2 expression in adult beetles confirmed their function in vivo. In a phylogenetic analysis of coleopteran and lepidopteran arylsulfatases, the P. chrysocephala GSSs formed a cluster within a coleopteran-specific sulfatase clade distant from the previously identified GSSs of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, suggesting an independent evolution of GSS activity in ermine moths and flea beetles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, United States
| | - Franziska Betzin
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Matilda W Gikonyo
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Beran
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu N, Yang ZL, Pauchet Y, Paetz C, Brandt W, Boland W, Burse A. A cytochrome P450 from the mustard leaf beetles hydroxylates geraniol, a key step in iridoid biosynthesis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 113:103212. [PMID: 31425853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae synthesize the iridoid chysomelidial via the mevalonate pathway to repel predators. The normal terpenoid biosynthesis is integrated into the dedicated defensive pathway by the ω-hydroxylation of geraniol to (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diol (ω-OH-geraniol). Here we identify and characterize the P450 monooxygenase CYP6BH5 as the geraniol hydroxylase using integrated transcriptomics, proteomics and RNA interference (RNAi). In the fat body, 73 cytochrome P450s were identified, and CYP6BH5 was among those that were expressed specifically in fat body. Double stranded RNA mediated knockdown of CYP6BH5 led to a significant reduction of ω-hydroxygeraniol glucoside in the hemolymph and, later, of the chrysomelidial in the defensive secretion. Heterologously expressed CYP6BH5 converted geraniol to ω-OH-geraniol. In addition to geraniol, CYP6BH5 also catalyzes hydroxylation of other monoterpenols, such as nerol and citronellol to the corresponding α,ω-dihydroxy compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Fu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe Hochschule Jena, Carl Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zuo CX, Bian XC, Yang ZL, Feng HL, Zhou FY, Liu YQ. [Establishment of Cas9 stably expressed human hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:572-579. [PMID: 30139026 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To facilitate using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in human liver and gallbladder cancer cells, we established Cas9 stably expressed human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines, and validated the gene editing activity of Cas9. Methods: Human liver cancer cell lines (Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, HepG2, Hep3b, SK-HEP-1 and Li-7), human cholangiocarcinoma cells (RBE) and human gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD) were infected with 3 Cas9-expressing lentivirus vectors (pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Neo, pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Puro, Cas9m1.1), respectively, and Cas9 stably expressed colonies were screened and selected. We extracted the genomic DNA and protein, validated the stable expression of Cas9 by using genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Three of cell lines were further infected with Lv-EF1α-mCherry. Then mCherry positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry and infected with designed guide RNA (gRNA) vectors which targeted mCherry gene. Subsequently the gene editing activity of Cas9 was detected by genomic PCR, fluorescence microscopic observation and flow cytometry analysis. Results: One hundred Cas9-expressing human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines were selected. Among them, 35 cell lines expressed Cas9-Neo, 25 expressed Cas9-puro, and 40 expressed mutant Cas9 (mCas9). We also established 3 cell lines with stable expression of mCherry (Huh7-mCas9-M, PLC/PRF/5-Cas9-M and SK-HEP-1-Cas9-M). The results of genomic PCR and sequencing showed that by lentiviral infection with 2 types of designed gRNA, the long fragment deletion of mCherry gene was found in these 3 cell lines. Moreover, mCherry(-)EGFP(+) cells infected with 2 types of gRNA were observed by fluorescence microscope. The results of flow cytometry showed that mCherry(-)EGFP(+) cells accounted from 0.3% to 93.6%. Conclusion: We successfully establish 100 human liver and gallbladder cancer cell lines with stable expression of Cas9 protein and validate their activities of gene editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C X Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - X C Bian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - H L Feng
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - F Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Y Q Liu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han XM, Yang ZL, Liu YJ, Yang HL, Zeng QY. Genome-wide profiling of expression and biochemical functions of the Medicago glutathione S-transferase gene family. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29524799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are ubiquitous enzyme in plants, playing vital roles in several physiological and developmental processes. In this study we identified 73 GST genes from the genome of Medicago truncatula. The Medicago GSTs were divided to eight classes with tau and phi being the most numerous. Six clusters were found on four Medicago chromosomes. The local gene duplication mainly contributed to the expansion of this large gene family. Functional divergence was found in their gene structures, gene expression patterns, and enzyme properties. A genomic comparative analysis revealed lineage-specific loss/gain events between Medicago and Glycine. This study offered new insights into the evolution of gene family between closely related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing-Yin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han XM, Yang Q, Liu YJ, Yang ZL, Wang XR, Zeng QY, Yang HL. Evolution and Function of the Populus SABATH Family Reveal That a Single Amino Acid Change Results in a Substrate Switch. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:392-403. [PMID: 29237058 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary mechanisms of substrate specificities of enzyme families remain poorly understood. Plant SABATH methyltransferases catalyze methylation of the carboxyl group of various low molecular weight metabolites. Investigation of the functional diversification of the SABATH family in plants could shed light on the evolution of substrate specificities in this enzyme family. Previous studies identified 28 SABATH genes from the Populus trichocarpa genome. In this study, we re-annotated the Populus SABATH gene family, and performed molecular evolution, gene expression and biochemical analyses of this large gene family. Twenty-eight Populus SABATH genes were divided into three classes with distinct divergences in their gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. Populus class I SABATH proteins converted IAA to methyl-IAA, class II SABATH proteins converted benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) to methyl-BA and methyl-SA, while class III SABATH proteins converted farnesoic acid (FA) to methyl-FA. For Populus class II SABATH proteins, both forward and reverse mutagenesis studies showed that a single amino acid switch between PtSABATH4 and PtSABATH24 resulted in substrate switch. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution of substrate specificities of enzyme families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing-Yin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan XG, Yang ZL, Miao XY, Liu ZR, Li DQ, Zou Q, Li JH, Liang LF. [Clinical significance of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression in gallbladder squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:28-34. [PMID: 29365414 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell (SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). Methods: A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC (n=46) and AC (n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were detected by Envison™ immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were analyzed. Results: In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0%) and 28 (60.9%) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8%) cases showed syndecan-1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8%) showed syndecan-2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 between SC/ASC and AC groups (P>0.05 for all). The levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients (P<0.05 for all). However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients (P<0.05 for all). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression (P<0.01 for all). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion: The syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X G Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yueyang Second People's Hospital, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - X Y Miao
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Z R Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - D Q Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Q Zou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - J H Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - L F Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bian XC, Yang ZL, Feng HL, Zhao XM, Gu B, Li J, Sun H, Liu YQ. [Establishment and validation of human cancer cell lines with stable Cas9 expression]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2017; 46:43-48. [PMID: 28072976 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish human cancer cell strains with stable Cas9 expression, and to validate the gene editing activity of Cas9 for simple gene editing in future study. Methods: Fifteen cancer cell lines of different tissue origins were infected with pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Neo or pLv-EF1α-Cas9-Flag-Puro by lentivirus and clone selection was employed to screen Cas9 stably expressed cancer cell lines. Afterward designed guide RNA vectors targeting TSC22 gene were transiently transfected into 3 of cell lines, and subsequently the gene editing activity of Cas9 was evaluated by genomic PCR, sequencing and Western blot. Results: Sixty-nine human cancer cell strains with stable Cas9 expression from different cancers were established, and by transient transfection with designed guide RNA, long fragment deletion was detected in TSC22 gene. Conclusions: Sixty-nine human cancer cell strains are successfully established with stable expression of Cas9 protein and gene editing activity. These cell strains may be employed in large-scale drug screening, screening of new drug targets and gene function investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X C Bian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mo HL, Li J, Yang X, Zhang F, Xiong JW, Yang ZL, Tan J, Li B. Transoral laser microsurgery versus radiotherapy for T1 glottic carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 32:461-467. [PMID: 27966051 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and radiotherapy (RT) are both accepted treatment modalities for glottic cancer. The objective of the study was to assess the oncologic outcomes and life quality of TLM in comparison with RT for T1 glottic carcinoma. We searched Medline/PubMed, Web of knowledge, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Wiley online library, Springer, Google, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), etc. We screened the literature, assessed the quality of the studies, and extracted the relevant data through the establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was done using the Cochrane collaboration' s RevMan 5.0 for data analysis. A total of 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The laryngeal preservation for patients undergoing TLM was significantly better than that for RT (P < 0.00). The laser surgery significantly improved the overall survival of patients with T1 glottic carcinoma (P = 0.04). No statistically significant differences were found between TLM and RT regarding the local control (P = 0.91). The funnel plot demonstrates no apparent publication bias in the overall survival and laryngeal preservation comparison. Our meta-analysis suggested that laser surgery was a preferred method than radiotherapy with respect to significantly better overall survival and laryngeal preservation. But the local control was not significant different. Further prospective randomized controlled studies will be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lan Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Municipal People's Hospital, No. 104 Loquat Hill, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Wei Xiong
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang ZL, Qiu QC, Ding ZX, Pan ZJ, Zhao QQ, He J. [Effects of IL10-592 locus of AA genotype on the incidence of aGVHD and survival after HLA-matched unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2016; 37:372-6. [PMID: 27210870 PMCID: PMC7348318 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of IL10-592 (rs1800872) single nucleic acid polymorphism (SNP) on the prognosis of HLA matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS The polymorphism of IL10-592 in 104 recipient-donor pairs and 100 healthy volunteers was analyzed with sequence based typing (SBT). RESULTS When the genotype of IL10-592 in donors and recipients matched, AA/AA genotype had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD than AC/AC or CC/CC genotype (47.1%, 3.7%, 0, P=0.002). When the genotype of IL10-592 in donors and recipients mismatched, recipients with AC genotype or donors with AA genotype, there was significant different incidence of Ⅲ-ⅣaGVHD among donors or recipients with different genotype (P=0.046, P=0.041). The recipients with AA genotype had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD than AC or CC genotype (27.8% vs 10.2%, 11.1%; P=0.072), and higher incidence of intestinal aGVHD (22.2% vs 5.1%,11.1%; P=0.040) , lower incidence of 2-year overall survival (OS: 48.2% vs 75.1%, 85.7%; P=0.002), lower incidence of 2 year disease free survival (DFS: 48.5% vs 66.3%, 76.2%; P=0.045). Patients had higher incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD with donors of AA genotype than with donors of AC or CC genotype (26.5% vs 8.9%, 0; P= 0.024), and higher incidence of intestinal aGVHD (20.4% vs 4.4%, 0; P=0.026). In multivariate analysis, the genotype of IL10-592AA in recipients and donors had increased risk of Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD (OR=3.3, P= 0.049; OR=3.9, P=0.043). There were no statistical differences on the incidence of cGVHD and relapse. CONCLUSION In HLA-10/10 matched unrelated HSCT, the presence of IL10-592 AA genotype in recipients and/or donors is an adverse factor for Ⅲ-ⅣaGVHD, worse OS and 2-year DFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang YJ, Wang W, Yang HL, Li Y, Kang XY, Wang XR, Yang ZL. Molecular Properties and Functional Divergence of the Dehydroascorbate Reductase Gene Family in Lower and Higher Plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145038. [PMID: 26684301 PMCID: PMC4687524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which reduces oxidized ascorbate, is important for maintaining an appropriate ascorbate redox state in plant cells. To date, genome-wide molecular characterization of DHARs has only been conducted in bryophytes (Physcomitrella patens) and eudicots (e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, to gain a general understanding of the molecular properties and functional divergence of the DHARs in land plants, we further conducted a comprehensive analysis of DHARs from the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii, gymnosperm Picea abies and monocot Zea mays. DHARs were present as a small gene family in all of the land plants we examined, with gene numbers ranging from two to four. All the plants contained cytosolic and chloroplastic DHARs, indicating dehydroascorbate (DHA) can be directly reduced in the cytoplasm and chloroplast by DHARs in all the plants. A novel vacuolar DHAR was found in Z. mays, indicating DHA may also be reduced in the vacuole by DHARs in Z. mays. The DHARs within each species showed extensive functional divergence in their gene structures, subcellular localizations, and enzymatic characteristics. This study provides new insights into the molecular characteristics and functional divergence of DHARs in land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu HJ, Tang ZX, Han XM, Yang ZL, Zhang FM, Yang HL, Liu YJ, Zeng QY. Divergence in Enzymatic Activities in the Soybean GST Supergene Family Provides New Insight into the Evolutionary Dynamics of Whole-Genome Duplicates. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2844-59. [PMID: 26219583 PMCID: PMC4651234 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, is a major force in plant genome evolution. A duplicate of all genes is present in the genome immediately following a WGD event. However, the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the loss of, or retention and subsequent functional divergence of polyploidy-derived duplicates remain largely unknown. In this study we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family from the soybean genome, and identified 72 GST duplicated gene pairs formed by a recent Glycine-specific WGD event occurring approximately 13 Ma. We found that 72% of duplicated GST gene pairs experienced gene losses or pseudogenization, whereas 28% of GST gene pairs have been retained in the soybean genome. The GST pseudogenes were under relaxed selective constraints, whereas functional GSTs were subject to strong purifying selection. Plant GST genes play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. By examining the gene expression responses to abiotic stresses and enzymatic properties of the ancestral and current proteins, we found that polyploidy-derived GST duplicates show the divergence in enzymatic activities. Through site-directed mutagenesis of ancestral proteins, this study revealed that nonsynonymous substitutions of key amino acid sites play an important role in the divergence of enzymatic functions of polyploidy-derived GST duplicates. These findings provide new insights into the evolutionary and functional dynamics of polyploidy-derived duplicate genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Xin Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Min Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu K, Chen Z, Luo XW, Song GQ, Wang P, Li XD, Zhao M, Han XW, Bai YG, Yang ZL, Feng G. Determination of the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mouse nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:12394-405. [PMID: 26505389 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.16.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We determined the potential for induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells in mice. iPS cells were generated from tail-tip fibroblasts. We used a pellet culture model with the aim of determining the applicability of iPS cell-based therapy to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). The cell pellet was cultured in an NP cell basal medium comprising Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta 1, dexamethasone, ascorbate-2-phosphate, and 1% ITS-Premix. The pellet was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and biochemical composition. The differentiation of iPS cells into NP cells was demonstrated by the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD24. Furthermore, increased hydroxyproline content and dimethylmethylene blue staining demonstrated that the collagen II and glycosaminoglycan content in the NP cells increased with time. We have shown that cultured mouse iPS cells can be induced to differentiate into NP cells. Such proof-of-concept opens up the possibility of producing patient-specific NP cells in a relatively simple and straightforward manner with high efficiency. We are confident that such cells could be immediately useful for the study of IVD disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - X W Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - G Q Song
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - P Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - X D Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M Zhao
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - X W Han
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Y G Bai
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - G Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li FQ, Xu B, Wu YJ, Yang ZL, Qian JJ. Differential microRNA expression in signet-ring cell carcinoma compared with tubular adenocarcinoma of human gastric cancer. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:739-47. [PMID: 25730011 DOI: 10.4238/2015.january.30.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a disease with a heterogeneous pathology; its pathological mechanisms remain unclear because there is a poor understanding of its etiology. In this study, we identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) among various gastric cancer subtypes. miRNA microarray analysis and bioinformatic analysis were used to compare miRNA expression between the signet-ring cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma subtypes of gastric cancer. Thirteen dysregulated miRNAs were identified in signet-ring cell carcinoma compared with tubular adenocarcinoma: miR-30a, miR-26b, miR-381, let-7i, miR-29c, miR-543, miR-499-3p, miR-628-3p, miR-524-5p, miR-181b, miR-1914, miR-663b, and miR-676. This is the first time that miR-499-3p, miR-628-3p, miR-524-5p, and miR-1914 have been identified in gastric cancer tissues. Bioinformatic analysis using target prediction algorithms indicated that these miRNAs are directly involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis and have different pathological mechanisms in various subtypes of signet-ring cell carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma. The miRNA expression patterns in different gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes may help discriminate between signet-ring cell and tubular gland cancer or other gastric cancer subtypes that would otherwise be difficult to identify using routine histological and immunohistochemical analyses. These preliminary data should be verified in further prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Q Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Y J Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J J Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu YT, Li GK, Yang ZL, Hu JG, Zheng JR, Qi XT. Identification of a major quantitative trait locus for ear size induced by space flight in sweet corn. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:3069-78. [PMID: 24782164 DOI: 10.4238/2014.april.17.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular markers has contributed to progress in identifying the gene(s) responsible for favorable variations in maize studies. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was conducted using simple sequence repeat markers in an F2 sweet corn population from a cross between parental line 1132 and space flight-induced mutant line 751 to identify the loci contributing to an increase in some yield traits. A primary mutated genomic region was located on chromosome 9. In total, 26 QTL were detected for eight yield-related traits and assembled into three clusters on chromosome 9. The largest QTL cluster at bin 9.02/03, primarily contributing to >10% of the phenotypic variation in ear and cob diameters, was likely due to a major QTL. Desired alleles of these QTL were provided by the mutant line 751. The primary action of the major mutant allele was an additive effect. Another mutant locus, which was induced in bin 9.01, increased cob and ear diameters by dominant genetic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Yu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - G K Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J G Hu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J R Zheng
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X T Qi
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan Y, Yang ZL, Zou Q, Li JH, Li DQ, Liang LF, Zeng GX, Chen SL. Comparative study of clinicopathological significance, BIRC7, and STC2 expression between squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of gallbladder. Neoplasma 2013; 60:698-705. [PMID: 23906305 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancers (GBCs) are uncommon, but highly aggressive cancers. The majority of GBCs are adenocarcinomas (ACs), but rare subtypes of GBCs such as squamous cell carcinoma (SC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) are observed as well. The clinicopathological characteristics of SC/ASC have not been well documented. Expressions of BIRC7 and STC2 were observed in some tumors. However, BIRC7 and STC2 expressions and clinical significances in gallbladder cancer have not been reported.In this study, the protein expressions of BIRC7 and STC2 in 46 SCs/ASCs and 80 ACs were measured using immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that positive BIRC7 and STC2 expressions were significantly associated with large tumor mass (>3cm), high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in SC/ASC and AC (p<0.05). Positive expression of BIRC7 was significantly associated with invasion of around tissues and organs in both SC/ASC and AC. Additionally, negative BIRC7 and STC2 expressions were significantly associated with surgical curability in AC. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that BIRC7 and STC2 expressions, differentiation, tumor size, TNM stages, invasion, lymph node metastasis, and surgical curability were significantly associated with post-operative survival in both SC/ASC and AC patients(p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive BIRC7 and STC2 expressions are independent poor-prognostic factors in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Our study suggested that positive BIRC7 and STC2 expressions are closely correlated with clinical, pathological, and biological behaviors as well as poor-prognosis of gallbladder cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/mortality
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/mortality
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/secondary
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang ZL, Liu HJ, Wang XR, Zeng QY. Molecular evolution and expression divergence of the Populus polygalacturonase supergene family shed light on the evolution of increasingly complex organs in plants. New Phytol 2013; 197:1353-1365. [PMID: 23346984 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant polygalacturonases (PGs) are involved in cell separation processes during many stages of plant development. Investigation into the diversification of this large gene family in land plants could shed light on the evolution of structural development. We conducted whole-genome annotation, molecular evolution and gene expression analyses of PG genes in five species of land plant: Populus, Arabidopsis, rice, Selaginella and Physcomitrella. We identified 75, 44, 16 and 11 PG genes from Populus, rice, Selaginella and Physcomitrella genomes, respectively, which were divided into three classes. We inferred rapid expansion of class I PG genes in Populus, Arabidopsis and rice, while copy numbers of classes II and III PG genes were relatively conserved in all five species. Populus, Arabidopsis and rice class I PG genes were under more relaxed selection constraints than class II PG genes, while this selective pressure divergence was not observed in Selaginella and Physcomitrella PG families. In addition, class I PG genes underwent marked expression divergence in Populus, rice and Selaginella. Our results suggest that PG gene expansion occurred after the divergence of the lycophytes and euphyllophytes, and this expansion was likely paralleled by the evolution of increasingly complex organs in land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, UPSC, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Qing-Yin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tan GY, Yuan ZL, Yang ZL, Zhang S. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria longipes on Atractylodes macrocephala in China. Plant Dis 2012; 96:588. [PMID: 30727441 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-11-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. is a perennial herb that has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for centuries. During the summer of 2011, leaf spots were observed on leaves of A. macrocephala in Panan County of Zhejiang Province, China. Approximately 40% of the plants surveyed showed severe symptoms of leaf spot. At the initial stage of the infection, small, light brown spots appeared on the leaves that gradually became semicircular, oval, or irregular-shaped with dark brown or black centers surrounded by brown or light brown margins. The lesions enlarged and coalesced to form large areas of necrosis on leaves until entire leaves died. Eight fungal isolates were obtained from diseased A. macrocephala leaves by a tissue isolation method (1). Isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 25°C in darkness. Colonies on PDA were initially white and became grayish brown over time. Conidiophores were light brown with one or a few regular septa, mostly unbranched. Conidia were obclavate, dark brown, with three to eight transverse and zero to two longitudinal or oblique septa, and on average measured 35.1 (20 to 53) × 9.8 (5.8 to 13.3) μm (n = 20). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1F/ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JQ004404). The ITS sequence had 99% identity over 545 bp with Alternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E. W. Mason (GenBank Accession No. AY278835), a fungal pathogen reported to cause leaf spot on Smilax china in China (3). To further identify the fungus, we chose the Alternaria allergen gene (Alt a 1 gene), which aids in identifying species of Alternaria (2). Amplification of the Alt a 1 gene was conducted using primers Alt-for/Alt-rev and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JQ004405). Sequence comparisons showed there was 97% sequence identity with Alternaria longipes (GenBank Accession No. AY563304). Pathogenicity tests were performed on detached healthy A. macrocephala leaves. Nine leaves were inoculated by placing a PDA plug (0.5 cm2) of mycelia on upper surfaces of the leaves. Another nine leaves treated with sterile PDA plugs served as a control. Leaves were incubated in three petri dishes with a 12-h photoperiod at 25°C and 95% relative humidity. After 7 days, the symptoms described above were observed on all inoculated leaves, whereas no symptoms developed on control leaves. Reisolation of the fungus from symptomatic leaf tissues on PDA confirmed that the causal agent was Alternaria longipes. This pathogenicity test was performed three times. The genus Alternaria is ubiquitous and includes both plant pathogenic and saprophytic species that may cause leaf spot and blight on numerous plants (3,4), but to our knowledge, our research demonstrated this is the first report of leaf spot on A. macrocephalae caused by Alternaria longipes in China. References: (1) O. D. Dhingra and J. B. Sinclair. Basic Plant Pathology Methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995. (2) S. G. Hong et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 42:119, 2005. (3) Y. Long et al. Plant Pathol. 58:800, 2009. (4) S. X. Zang et al. J. Hebei Normal Univ. Sci. Tech. 19:46, 2005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Y Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Z L Yuan
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Z L Yang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - S Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead 33031
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu H, Dong XH, Yang ZL, Zheng K. The Application of Intelligent Fuzzy inference to the Fault Diagnosis in Pitch-controlled System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Liu X, Han LJ, Yang ZL. Transfer of near infrared spectrometric models for silage crude protein detection between different instruments. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5599-610. [PMID: 22032383 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu HH, Yang ZL, Sun B, Liu RN. Genetic diversity and relationship of endangered plant Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae) assessed with ISSR polymorphisms. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Lan T, Yang ZL, Yang X, Liu YJ, Wang XR, Zeng QY. Extensive functional diversification of the Populus glutathione S-transferase supergene family. Plant Cell 2009; 21:3749-66. [PMID: 19996377 PMCID: PMC2814494 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying how genes and their functions evolve after duplication is central to understanding gene family radiation. In this study, we systematically examined the functional diversification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in Populus trichocarpa by integrating phylogeny, expression, substrate specificity, and enzyme kinetic data. GSTs are ubiquitous proteins in plants that play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. Genome annotation identified 81 GST genes in Populus that were divided into eight classes with distinct divergence in their evolutionary rate, gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors, and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. In addition, when all the functional parameters were examined, clear divergence was observed within tandem clusters and between paralogous gene pairs, suggesting that subfunctionalization has taken place among duplicate genes. The two domains of GST proteins appear to have evolved under differential selective pressures. The C-terminal domain seems to have been subject to more relaxed functional constraints or divergent directional selection, which may have allowed rapid changes in substrate specificity, affinity, and activity, while maintaining the primary function of the enzyme. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that facilitate the retention of duplicate genes, which can result in a large gene family with a broad substrate spectrum and a wide range of reactivity toward different substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Qing-Yin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Abstract Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) plays a critical role in the ascorbate-glutathione recycling reaction for most higher plants. To date, studies on DHAR in higher plants have focused largely on Arabidopsis and agricultural plants, and there is virtually no information on the molecular characteristics of DHAR in gymnosperms. The present study reports the cloning and characteristics of a DHAR (PbDHAR) from a pine, Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. The PbDHAR gene encodes a protein of 215 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 24.26 kDa. The predicted 3-D structure of PbDHAR showed a typical glutathione S-transferase fold. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the PbDHAR was a constitutive expression gene in P. bungeana. The expression level of PbDHAR mRNA in P. bungeana seedlings did not show significant change under high temperature stress. The recombinant PbDHAR was overexpressed in Escherichia coli following purification with affinity chromatography. The recombinant PbDHAR exhibited enzymatic activity (19.84 micromol/min per mg) and high affinity (a K(m) of 0.08 mM) towards the substrates dehydroascorbate (DHA). Moreover, the recombinant PbDHAR was a thermostable enzyme, and retained 77% of its initial activity at 55 degrees C. The present study is the first to provide a detailed molecular characterization of the DHAR in P. bungeana.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Dehydroascorbic Acid/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme Stability
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidoreductases/chemistry
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Pinus/enzymology
- Pinus/genetics
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Substrate Specificity
- Temperature
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been a growing international recognition that the security performance of the maritime industry needs to be reviewed on an urgent basis. A large number of optional maritime security control measures have been proposed through various regulations and publications in the post-9/11 era. There is a strong need for a sound and generic methodology, which is capable of taking into account multiple selection criteria such as the cost effectiveness of the measures based on reasonable security assessment. The use of traditional risk assessment and decision-making approaches to deal with potential terrorism threats in a maritime security area reveals two major challenges. They are lack of capability of analyzing security in situations of high-level uncertainty and lack of capability of processing diverse data in a utility form suitable as input to a risk inference mechanism. To deal with such difficulties, this article proposes a subjective security-based assessment and management framework using fuzzy evidential reasoning (ER) approaches. Consequently, the framework can be used to assemble and process subjective risk assessment information on different aspects of a maritime transport system from multiple experts in a systematic way. Outputs of this model can also provide decisionmakers with a transparent tool to evaluate maritime security policy options for a specific scenario in a cost-effective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Yang
- School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nouveau-Richard S, Zhu W, Li YH, Zhang YZ, Yang FZ, Yang ZL, Lian S, Qian BY, Ran YP, Bouillon C, Chen HD, de Lacharrière O. Oily skin: specific features in Chinese women. Skin Res Technol 2007; 13:43-8. [PMID: 17250531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2006.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Inconsistent data are available on the various types of skin, their prevalence and characterization, particularly regarding Asian skins. This observation prompted to conduct a large study in China to assess the prevalence of oily skin and identify the specific factors related to that type of skin. METHODS The multicentre trial involved 1787 Chinese women in Shenyang, Harbin, Beijing, Chengdu and Suzhou, between 18 and 65 years of age. Data on history of acne, the presence of environmental factors and a detailed self-evaluation of the skin were collected using a standardized questionnaire. A clinical evaluation of facial skin oiliness was carried-out by a dermatologist at each centre. Sebum secretion was measured on the forehead using Sebumeter SM810. Statistical analysis (multiple correspondence analysis) of typology was conducted based on self-evaluation data. RESULTS According to self-evaluation data, oily skin prevalence in the overall Chinese population of the study was 25.6%. Self-evaluation results were quite consistent with sebum measurements and with clinical assessment by dermatologist. Parameters associated with oily skin were (i) shiny skin and a past history of acne, (ii) irregular menstruation, and (iii) highly reactive or sensitive skin. Moreover, a clear and significant link was noted between oily skin and the ingestion of spicy or sweet food. Lastly, sebum levels were found to be twice as high in Beijing as in the other cities and were correlated to higher oily skin prevalence. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the capacity of women for proper self-evaluation of their skin type. It also suggests a potential link between nutritional factors such as spicy and/or sweet diets and oily skin as well as between sensitive and oily skin in this population.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun Y, Yang ZL, Zhang L, Hu TD, Soloway RD, Weng SF, Wu JG. The interaction of Cu2 + ions and NaDC micelles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002; 58:1489-1498. [PMID: 12083672 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
By mixing an aqueous solution of CuCl2 with an NaDC aqueous solution of various concentration and initial molar ratio, seven coordinated samples with distinct appearances and characters were obtained. Their structures and components were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, EXAFS (the extended X-ray absorption fine structure), thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, laser light scattering, TEM (transmission electron micrograph), element analysis and ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis. The following conclusions were given: (1) The complexes of Cu2+-NaDC with distinct appearances and properties were synthesized. (2) After Cu(DC)2 dissolved in NaDC aqueous solution, larger micelles (30-90 nm diameter) formed in the supernate, it is a mixed micelle with Cu(DC)2 and NaDC. So these micelles are a new kind of micelle containing two kinds of metal ions. This is a new result using metal ions as bridges to form micelle. (3) According to the different concentration of Cu2+ to NaDC, the complexes formed as gel or poly-crystals. Both the composition of gel complexes and the coordination structure of carboxyl groups with metal ions varied with the initial molar ratio of Cu2+ to Na+. The gel complexes exhibits the non-stoichiometric character. (4) These results are in agreement with physiological condition. All the different states such as gel, precipitate, micelles of various structures are present in bile of gallbladder. We can suggest an ideal model of the interaction between Cu2+ and bile salts in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the hemispheric dominance in semantic processing of Chinese characters. Results showed that N1 is the earliest component that reflects the semantic processing of Chinese characters. Although N1 of the left hemisphere is larger in amplitude, that of the right hemisphere is shorter in latency. Based on these findings, the authors propose that the left hemisphere does not start processing until the necessary information has been transferred from the right hemisphere. Once the left hemisphere starts processing, its intensity is stronger. Thus, it is more appropriate to differentiate hemispheric processing dominance into two dimensions: speed and intensity. Moreover, the semantic cognition onset of Chinese characters occurs from 100 ms to 160 ms in the posterior perceptual processing area of brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Wei
- Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tao DL, Huang BG, Xu YZ, Li WH, Yang ZL, Wu JG, Sun LD, Yan CH, Liu XX, Guo FX, Xu DF. [Energy transfer between electric polymer PVK and terbium complex and its transmission electronmicroscope (TME) study]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:740-744. [PMID: 12958882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A chloroform-soluble terbium complex, which is confirmed to be Tb(aspirin)3 phen using element analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, was synthesized. Photoluminescent investigation on the terbium complex and PVK-terbium complex composite was conducted. Förster energy transfer occurred between the terbium complex and the PVK matrix. There are no overlap between UV spectrum of the complex and the emission spectrum of PVK, however, overlap is observed between the excitation spectrum of the complex and the emission spectrum of PVK. Therefore, we suggest that the necessary condition of Förster energy transfer should be overlap between the excitation (not UV) spectrum of one complex and the emission spectrum of polymer matrix. Further investigation indicates that the emission of PVK can be suppressed at different extents by doping various amount of Tb(aspirin)3 phen into PVK films. The ratio of Tb(aspirin)3 phen: PVK = 1:2 (wt%) are regarded as an optimized ratio for limiting the emission of PVK. TEM images of PVK/Tb(aspirin)3 phen films reveal that nanoparticles of the Tb complex are dispersed in the PVK matrix. The size of the aggregated complex in PVK matrix is 20-30 nm. The film is not homogeneous as dark regions co-exist with light region in the TEM images. This phenomenon may be related to the short lifetime of electroluminescent devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Tao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou CZ, Yang ZL, Li Y, Yang CS. [Systematic study on the authentic and superior medicinal herba and GAP of herba asari]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2001; 26:343-5. [PMID: 12528526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the methodology of the systematic study on the Authentic and Superior Medicinal Herba and GAP of Herba Asari. METHOD The study was made by textual criticism of Herbology, Botany, Palynology, Cytology, Chemistry, Pharmacology, the analytic methods of allozyme and RAPD. Many subjects on the herb were investigated, such as history, botanical origin, routine examination, morphology of pollen, chromosome and karyotype, the content of oil and its pharmacological effects and so on. RESULT AND CONCLUSION The methodology of systematic study on the Authentic and Superior Medicinal Herba was provided. According to the results of the systematic study, the GAP of the herb can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Z Zhou
- Beijing Scientific Research Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100011, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
He GH, Pei Y, Yang GW, Tang M, Xie R, Hou L, Yang ZL, Li YH. [AFLP markers of restoring genes of the wild-abortive hybrid rice]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:304-10. [PMID: 11147348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Fertile and sterile pools were set up by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on the selection for the highly fertile and highly sterile plants of Shanyou 63 F2 population. The AFLP analysis of the two pools indicated that 64 primer combinations amplified 3,477 stable and clear bands. Exception of the combination E-AGC/M-CAA, all primer combinations had not detected polymorphism between the two pools. It was proved by investigation of two parents, individuals of F2 segregant population, backbone sterile lines and restorer lines that the polymorphic fragment AP1 generated from the primer E-AGC/M-CAA was associated with the restoring gene. AP1 was a single copy detected by Southern blot hybridization. The distance between AP1 and the restoring gene was 4.76 cM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H He
- Center of Biotechnology, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of microinjection of orphanin FQ (OFQ) into periaqueductal gray (PAG) on sensory processing in the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons of the spinal dorsal horn and to explore the effect of OFQ on a descending system of pain modulation. The results show that microinjection of OFQ into ipsilateral PAG significantly facilitated C-fibre evoked response and post-discharge of spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons. This is consistent with our previous results obtained in behavioral studies. It suggests that the supraspinal effect of OFQ on pain may partly be mediated by PAG neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA was expressed with moderate level in the NRM neurons. Most of 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA positive cells were 5-HT neurons, suggesting the majority of 5-HT(1A) receptor in the NRM might be autoreceptors. Eight hours after carrageenan inflammation, the expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA in the NRM neurons, especially in the 5-HT neurons, was significantly increased. These results suggest that synthesis of 5-HT(1A) receptors, including 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors, is increased in the NRM during peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Medical Center of Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang ZL, Li YG, Huang SF. [Expression of cathepsin D and its significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:593-4. [PMID: 12516420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
|
48
|
Luo MC, Yang ZL, Kota RS, Dvorák J. Recombination of chromosomes 3A(m) and 5A(m) of Triticum monococcum with homeologous chromosomes 3A and 5A of wheat: the distribution of recombination across chromosomes. Genetics 2000; 154:1301-8. [PMID: 10757771 PMCID: PMC1460997 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/154.3.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination of chromosomes 3A(m) and 5A(m) of Triticum monococcum with closely homeologous chromosomes 3A and 5A of T. aestivum was compared with recombination across corresponding homologous chromosome pairs. Differentiation between the homeologues impacted recombination in the proximal regions of the long arms the most and in the distal regions of the long arms the least. It is concluded that this variation principally reflects allocation of multiple crossovers across an arm and positive crossover interference across chromosome arms. Recombination rates between homeologous chromosomes 5A(m) and 5A differed in the opposite sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Luo
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Homeologous wheat chromosome arms that differ by the presence or absence of a Nor locus or greatly differ in the numbers of copies of rRNA genes per Nor locus show conspicuous differences in the distribution of recombination. To assess directly the position effects of Nor loci on recombination across chromosome arms, a Triticum monococcum Nor9 haplotype was substituted for Triticum aestivum Nor9 haplotypes on two T. aestivum 1A chromosomes in the isogenic background of cv Chinese Spring. The numbers of rRNA genes in the 1A Nor9 haplotypes are greatly reduced relative to the T. monococcum haplotype. The substitution resulted in reduced recombination rate in the vicinity of the Nor9 locus. An intra-arm compensatory increase was observed in the proximal region of the arm so that the genetic length of the chromosome arm was unchanged. These findings suggest that Nor loci suppress recombination in their vicinity and change recombination patterns in Nor-bearing chromosome arms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Luo
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dvorák J, Luo MC, Yang ZL. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and divergence in the genomic regions of high and low recombination in self-fertilizing and cross-fertilizing aegilops species. Genetics 1998; 148:423-34. [PMID: 9475752 PMCID: PMC1459766 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/148.1.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RFLP was investigated at 52 single-copy gene loci among six species of Aegilops, including both cross-fertilizing and self-fertilizing species. Average gene diversity (H) was found to correlate with the level of outcrossing. No relationship was found between H and the phylogenetic status of a species. In all six species, the level of RFLP at a locus was a function of the position of the locus on the chromosome and the recombination rate in the neighborhood of the locus. Loci in the proximal chromosome regions, which show greatly reduced recombination rates relative to the distal regions, were significantly less variable than loci in the distal chromosome regions in all six species. Variation in recombination rates was also reflected in the haplotype divergence between closely related species; loci in the chromosome regions with low recombination rates were found to be diverged less than those in the chromosome regions with high recombination rates. This relationship was not found among the more distantly related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dvorák
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|