151
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Gkolfinopoulos S, Jones RL, Constantinidou A. The Emerging Role of Platelets in the Formation of the Micrometastatic Niche: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2020; 10:374. [PMID: 32257952 PMCID: PMC7093714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that platelets play a key role in cancer metastatic dissemination through their multilevel interaction with tumor cells. Most crucial is the contribution of platelets to the formation and expansion of the early metastatic niche, a protective microenvironment that nurtures the first metastatic cells and is necessary for the establishment of overt metastatic disease. A multitude of mechanisms have been proposed toward this effect. The current review examines the implication of platelets in the three most well-studied mechanisms: (a) the initial preparation of the metastatic microenvironment by the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the recruitment of granulocytes, (b) the creation of the neovasculature (important for providing the developing tumor with oxygen and nutrients and clearing away the metabolic waste), and (c) the evasion of the immune response by the creation of an immune-suppressive environment around the developing metastases. Finally, the review provides current perspectives on the potential clinical relevance of platelets in cancer progression and their consequent role in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin L Jones
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Constantinidou
- BOC Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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152
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Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Camera M, Sironi L. Repurposing of drugs approved for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunity or mirage? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113895. [PMID: 32145263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a promising way in drug discovery to identify new therapeutic uses -different from the original medical indication- for existing drugs. It has many advantages over traditional approaches to de novo drug discovery, since it can significantly reduce healthcare costs and development timeline. In this review, we discuss the possible repurposing of drugs approved for cardiovascular diseases, such as β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, aspirin, cardiac glycosides and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Indeed, numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have reported promising anti-cancer activities for these drugs. It is worth mentioning, however, that the results of these studies are often controversial and very few data were obtained by controlled prospective clinical trials. Therefore, no final conclusion has yet been reached in this area and no final recommendations can be made. Moreover, β-blockers, ARBs and statins showed promising results in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where pathological conditions other than cancer were considered. The results obtained have led or may lead to new indications for these drugs. For each drug or class of drugs, the potential molecular mechanisms of action justifying repurposing, results obtained in vitro and in animal models and data from epidemiological and randomized studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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153
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Luzo AC, Fávaro WJ, Seabra AB, Durán N. What is the potential use of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) in cancer treatment? A mini review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03660. [PMID: 32258495 PMCID: PMC7113436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is an autologous human platelet concentrate extracted from plasma. PRP has been investigated in order to be used in many fields, with emphasis on the musculoskeletal field applied to sports injuries, as well as on other medical fields such as cardiac surgery, gynecology, pediatric surgery, urology, ophthalmology and plastic surgery. Cancer treatment is another important field where PRP should be investigated; thus, it is important validating PRP preparation protocols to be used in clinical research. Many protocols should be revised since, overall, most studies do not provide necessary information to allow them to be multiplied or replicated. The current review focuses on several topics about cancer, mainly on innovative studies about PRP use as a feasible therapeutic alternative to treat bladder cancer - a field where it could play a key role. Relevant aspects such as platelets' contribution to immune regulation and the supportive role they play in innate and adaptive immune functions are also addressed. Another important topic reviewed in the current study refers to inflammatory process regulation associated with cancer and thrombosis sites, which indicated that tumor-induced platelet activation could be used as an important therapeutic target in the future. New aspects concerning nitric oxide's ability to restrain platelet adhesion and aggregation in order to slow metastasis progress in cancer patients provide an important advantage in cancer treatment. Finally, the current review has pointed out perspectives and the main concerns about, and possibilities of, PRP use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C.M. Luzo
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center,University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wagner J. Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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154
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Han P, Hanlon D, Arshad N, Lee JS, Tatsuno K, Robinson E, Filler R, Sobolev O, Cote C, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Fahmy T, Edelson R. Platelet P-selectin initiates cross-presentation and dendritic cell differentiation in blood monocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz1580. [PMID: 32195350 PMCID: PMC7065880 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are adept at cross-presentation and initiation of antigen-specific immunity. Clinically, however, DCs produced by in vitro differentiation of monocytes in the presence of exogenous cytokines have been met with limited success. We hypothesized that DCs produced in a physiological manner may be more effective and found that platelets activate a cross-presentation program in peripheral blood monocytes with rapid (18 hours) maturation into physiological DCs (phDCs). Differentiation of monocytes into phDCs was concomitant with the formation of an "adhesion synapse," a biophysical junction enriched with platelet P-selectin and monocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, followed by intracellular calcium fluxing and nuclear localization of nuclear factor κB. phDCs were more efficient than cytokine-derived DCs in generating tumor-specific T cell immunity. Our findings demonstrate that platelets mediate a cytokine-independent, physiologic maturation of DC and suggest a novel strategy for DC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Han
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Douglas Hanlon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Najla Arshad
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kazuki Tatsuno
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Eve Robinson
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renata Filler
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Olga Sobolev
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christine Cote
- Yale Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Yale CINEMA Lab, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Yale CINEMA Lab, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tarek Fahmy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.F.); (R.E.)
| | - Richard Edelson
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.F.); (R.E.)
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155
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Kou Y, Feng R, Chen J, Duan L, Wang S, Hu Y, Zhang N, Wang T, Deng Y, Song Y. Development of a nattokinase–polysialic acid complex for advanced tumor treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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156
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Li P, Zhao R, Fan K, Iwanowycz S, Fan H, Li Z, Liu B. Regulation of dendritic cell function improves survival in experimental sepsis through immune chaperone. Innate Immun 2020; 25:235-243. [PMID: 31018807 PMCID: PMC6830886 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919840423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional Ag-presenting cells that play a critical
role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs recognize and respond to
bacteria through multiple PRRs, including TLRs. Heat shock protein gp96/grp94 is
a master essential chaperone for TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum. We generated
DC-specific gp96-knockout (KO) mice and showed that gp96 KO DCs were unable to
respond to multiple TLR ligands. TLR-mediated hyperinflammatory response can
lead to sepsis. However, the roles of neither DCs nor the DC-intrinsic gp96 in
the process are completely understood. In a LPS-induced sepsis model, we hereby
found that deletion of gp96 in DCs significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels and
improved survival. Furthermore, using the well-defined polymicrobial sepsis
model of cecal ligation and puncture, we found that DC-specific ablation of gp96
improved survival with significantly attenuated liver and renal injuries,
decreased circulating inflammatory cytokines, altered DC maturation and
activation, and increased serum Ig. Collectively, we demonstrate that deletion
of gp96 in DCs is beneficial in protecting mice against sepsis induced by both
endotoxemia and polymicrobial infections. We conclude that targeting gp96 in DCs
may provide a potential novel approach for reducing the morbidity and mortality
of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin Fan
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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157
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Li A, Song NJ, Riesenberg BP, Li Z. The Emerging Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Balancing Immunity and Tolerance in Health and Diseases: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3154. [PMID: 32117210 PMCID: PMC7026265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle equipped with mechanisms for proper protein folding, trafficking, and degradation to maintain protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway. As a defense mechanism, perturbation of ER proteostasis by ER stress agents activates a cascade of signaling pathways from the ER to the nucleus known as unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary goal of UPR is to induce transcriptional and translational programs to restore ER homeostasis for cell survival. As such, defects in UPR signaling have been implicated as a key contributor to multiple diseases including metabolic diseases, degenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Growing evidence support the critical role of ER stress in regulating the fate as well as the magnitude of the immune response. Moreover, the availability of multiple UPR pharmacological inhibitors raises the hope that targeting UPR can be a new strategy for immune modulation and immunotherapy of diseases. This paper reviews the principal mechanisms by which ER stress affects immune cell biology and function, with a focus of discussion on UPR-associated immunopathology and the development of potential ER stress-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - No-Joon Song
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian P Riesenberg
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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158
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Choi JH, Paik WH, You MS, Lee KJ, Choi YH, Shin BS, Lee SH, Ryu JK, Kim YT. Aspirin for metal stent in malignant distal common bile duct obstruction (AIMS): study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:120. [PMID: 32000828 PMCID: PMC6990585 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) is the treatment of choice for patients with malignant distal common bile duct (CBD) obstruction. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), which are commonly used in unresectable cases, have many clinical advantages, including longer stent patency. Although the expected patency of SEMS is around 8 months, it has recently been reported that the duration of SEMS’ patency in patients using aspirin is prolonged. Our study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of aspirin on SEMS’ patency. Methods/design This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial that will be conducted from November 2017 in four tertiary centers in South Korea. We intend to include in our study 184 adult (aged ≥ 20 years) patients with malignant distal CBD obstruction for whom ERBD with SEMS was successfully performed. The patients will be randomly allocated to two groups, which will comprise patients who have either taken 100 mg aspirin or a placebo for 6 months after index ERBD. The primary outcome will be the rate of stent dysfunction, and the secondary outcomes will be the duration of patency, the rate of reintervention, and the occurrence of adverse events. Discussion The aspirin for metal stents in malignant distal common bile duct obstruction (AIMS) study should determine the efficacy of aspirin in maintaining metal-stent patency in patients with malignant distal CBD obstructive. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03279809. Registered on 5 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Min Su You
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bang-Sup Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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159
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Elaskalani O, Domenchini A, Abdol Razak NB, E. Dye D, Falasca M, Metharom P. Antiplatelet Drug Ticagrelor Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Targeting the Novel P2Y12-AKT Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010250. [PMID: 31968611 PMCID: PMC7016832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive research has reported that extracellular ADP in the tumour microenvironment can stimulate platelets through interaction with the platelet receptor P2Y12. In turn, activated platelets release biological factors supporting cancer progression. Experimental data suggest that the tumour microenvironment components, of which platelets are integral, can promote chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, overcoming chemoresistance requires combining multiple inhibitors that simultaneously target intrinsic pathways in cancer cells and extrinsic factors related to the tumour microenvironment. We aimed to determine whether ticagrelor, an inhibitor of the ADP–P2Y12 axis and a well-known antiplatelet drug, could be a therapeutic option for PDAC. Methods: We investigated a functional P2Y12 receptor and its downstream signalling in a panel of PDAC cell lines and non-cancer pancreatic cells termed hTERT-HPNE. We tested the synergistic effect of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and cisplatin), in vitro and in vivo. Results: Knockdown studies revealed that P2Y12 contributed to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the expression of SLUG and ZEB1, which are transcriptional factors implicated in metastasis and chemoresistance. Studies using genetic and pharmacological inhibitors showed that the P2Y12–EGFR crosstalk enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of P2Y12 signalling significantly reduced EGF-dependent AKT activation and promoted the anticancer activity of anti-EGFR treatment. Importantly, ticagrelor significantly decreased the proliferative capacity of cancer but not normal pancreatic cells. In vitro, synergism was observed when ticagrelor was combined with several chemodrugs. In vivo, a combination of ticagrelor with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumour growth, whereas gemcitabine or ticagrelor alone had a minimal effect. Conclusions: These findings uncover a novel effect and mechanism of action of the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor in PDAC cells and suggest a multi-functional role for ADP-P2Y12 signalling in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Alice Domenchini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(08)-9266-9271
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160
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Nolte M, Margadant C. Controlling Immunity and Inflammation through Integrin-Dependent Regulation of TGF-β. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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161
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Lodyga M, Hinz B. TGF-β1 - A truly transforming growth factor in fibrosis and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:123-139. [PMID: 31879265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
'Jack of all trades, master of everything' is a fair label for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) - a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is critical for the development and maturation of immune cells, maintains immune tolerance and homeostasis, and regulates various aspects of immune responses. Following acute tissue damages, TGF-β1 becomes a master regulator of the healing process with impacts on about every cell type involved. Divergence from the tight control of TGF-β1 actions, for instance caused by chronic injury, severe trauma, or infection can tip the balance from regulated physiological to excessive pathological repair. This condition of fibrosis is characterized by accumulation and stiffening of collagenous scar tissue which impairs organ functions to the point of failure. Fibrosis and dysregulated immune responses are also a feature of cancer, in which tumor cells escape immune control partly by manipulating TGF-β1 regulation and where immune cells are excluded from the tumor by fibrotic matrix created during the stroma 'healing' response. Despite the obvious potential of TGF-β-signalling therapies, globally targeting TGF-β1 receptor, downstream pathways, or the active growth factor have proven to be extremely difficult if not impossible in systemic treatment regimes. However, TGF-β1 binding to cell receptors requires prior activation from latent complexes that are extracellularly presented on the surface of immune cells or within the extracellular matrix. These different locations have led to some divergence in the field which is often either seen from the perspective of an immunologists or a fibrosis/matrix researcher. Despite these human boundaries, there is considerable overlap between immune and tissue repair cells with respect to latent TGF-β1 presentation and activation. Moreover, the mechanisms and proteins employed by different cells and spatiotemporal control of latent TGF-β1 activation provide specificity that is amenable to drug development. This review aims at synthesizing the knowledge on TGF-β1 extracellular activation in the immune system and in fibrosis to further stimulate cross talk between the two research communities in solving the TGF-β conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada.
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162
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Aspirin-Mediated Attenuation of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Ameliorating Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7189854. [PMID: 31781346 PMCID: PMC6874877 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7189854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain. The pathogenesis of IDD is associated with the disturbance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) equilibrium, inflammation, and matrix loss. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that effectively inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress and has been widely used for the treatment of back pain. Therefore, we hypothesize that aspirin reverses the IDD process via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on the AMPK signaling pathway. In vitro, aspirin diminished cellular oxygen free radicals (ROS, nitric oxide (NO)) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). We found that aspirin preserved the extracellular matrix (ECM) content of collagen type II (COL2) and aggrecan while inhibiting the expression of matrix-degenerating enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 13 (MMP-3 and MMP-13) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 and 5 (ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5). Aspirin significantly promoted the ratios of p-AMPK to AMPK and p-ACC to ACC expression in NPCs. Furthermore, pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C abrogated the antioxidant effects of aspirin. In vivo, an IDD model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats via percutaneous disc puncture with the 20-gauge needle on levels 8-9 and 9-10 of the coccygeal vertebrae. Imaging assessment showed that after aspirin treatment, improvements in disc height index (DHI) ranged from 1.22-fold to 1.54-fold and nucleus pulposus signal strength improved from 1.26-fold to 1.33-fold. Histological analysis showed that aspirin treatment prevented the loss of COL2 and decreased MMP-3 and MMP-13, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in the IVD tissues. These results suggest that treatment with aspirin could reverse the IDD process via the AMPK signaling pathway, which provides new insights into the potential clinical applications of aspirin, particularly for IDD treatment.
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163
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Choi JH, Lee SH, Huh G, Chun JW, You MS, Paik WH, Ryu JK, Kim YT. The association between use of statin or aspirin and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A nested case-control study in a Korean nationwide cohort. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7419-7430. [PMID: 31637875 PMCID: PMC6885885 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several studies have suggested that aspirin and statins may help prevent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), this concept has been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of statin or aspirin and PDAC in a nationwide large cohort. Methods In this nested case‐control study, we used data from a 12‐year nationwide longitudinal cohort in Korea. Cases with PDAC and controls who were matched to cases by age, sex, income, and index year at a 1:5 ratio were established. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the independent risk factors of PDAC. Results We identified a total of 827 patients with PDAC between 2007 and 2013, and included 4135 matched controls. Diabetes mellitus, chronic and acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cystic lesions, and cholelithiasis were independent risk factors for PDAC. Statin use (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76‐1.11; P = .344; adjusted OR [aOR], 0.70; 95% CI 0.56‐0.87; P = .001) was associated with a reduced risk of PDAC after correction of the confounding factors, but aspirin use (OR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.84‐1.15; P = .838; aOR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70‐1.01, P = .068) was not associated with PDAC. Among the patients with risk factors, both statin use (OR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.38‐0.66; P < .001; aOR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.45‐0.84; P = .002) and aspirin use (OR, 0.48; 95% CI 0.31‐0.67; P < .001; aOR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50‐0.89, P = .006) were associated with a reduced risk of PDAC. Conclusion This study suggests that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of PDAC incidence but aspirin use was not. Both statin use and aspirin use were associated a reduced risk of PDAC incidence for patients with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gunn Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Su You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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164
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Ma W, Qin Y, Chapuy B, Lu C. LRRC33 is a novel binding and potential regulating protein of TGF-β1 function in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213482. [PMID: 31600200 PMCID: PMC6786621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF-β1) is a versatile cytokine. It has context-dependent pro- and anti-cell proliferation functions. Activation of latent TGF-β1 requires release of the growth factor from pro-complexes and is regulated through TGF-β binding proteins. Two types of TGF-β binding partners, latent TGF-β-binding proteins (LTBPs) and leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 32 (LRRC32), have been identified and their expression are cell specific. TGF-β1 also plays important roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the expression of LTBPs and LRRC32 are lacking in myeloid lineage cells and the binding protein of TGF-β1 in these cells are unknown. Here we show that a novel leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein family member, LRRC33, with high mRNA level in AML cells, to be the binding and regulating protein of TGF-β1 in AML cells. Using two representative cell lines MV4-11 and AML193, we demonstrate that the protein expression of LRRC33 and TGF-β1 are correlated. LRRC33 co-localizes and forms complex with latent TGF-β1 protein on the cell surface and intracellularly in these cells. Similar as in other cell types, the activation of TGF-β1 in MV4-11 and AML193 cells are also integrin dependent. We anticipate our study to be a starting point of more comprehensive research on LRRC33 as novel TGF-β regulating protein and potential non-genomic based drug target for AML and other myeloid malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Humans
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/genetics
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Ma
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Qin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chafen Lu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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165
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Immunity and Cancer. Immunity 2019; 50:924-940. [PMID: 30995507 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1304] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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166
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Integrin-Mediated TGFβ Activation Modulates the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091221. [PMID: 31438626 PMCID: PMC6769837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) is a pleotropic cytokine with contrasting effects in cancer. In normal tissue and early tumours, TGFβ acts as a tumour suppressor, limiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, these effects are eventually abrogated by the loss or inactivation of downstream signalling within the TGFβ pathway, and in established tumours, TGFβ then acts as a tumour promotor through multiple mechanisms including inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and increasing angiogenesis. TGFβ is secrereted as a large latent complex and is embedded in the extracellular matrix or held on the surface of cells and must be activated before mediating its multiple functions. Thus, whilst TGFβ is abundant in the tumour microenvironment (TME), its functionality is regulated by local activation. The αv-integrins are major activators of latent-TGFβ. The potential benefits of manipulating the immune TME have been highlighted by the clinical success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in a number of solid tumour types. TGFβ is a potent suppressor of T-cell-mediated immune surveillance and a key cause of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, as certain integrins locally activate TGFβ, they are likely to have a role in the immunosuppressive TME, although this remains to be confirmed. In this review, we discussed the role of TGFβ in cancer, the role of integrins in activating TGFβ in the TME, and the potential benefits of targeting integrins to augment immunotherapies.
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167
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Wang D, Guo D, Shi F, Zhu Y, Li A, Kong L, Teng F, Yu J. The predictive effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index for patients with small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3367-3379. [PMID: 31424272 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive power of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) based on neutrophil (N), platelet (P) and lymphocyte (L) on the clinical outcomes of patients with SCLC. Patients & methods: Blood samples of 228 patients were obtained 1 week before treatment to measure the SII (SII = P × N/L). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Results: Higher SII was associated with poorer OS (p < 0.001) and poorer PFS (p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses further revealed SII as an independent prognostic factor for OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pretreatment SII was a valuable prognostic factor for PFS and OS in SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoying Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Aijie Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Feifei Teng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
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168
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Gaertner F, Massberg S. Patrolling the vascular borders: platelets in immunity to infection and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:747-760. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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169
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Riesenberg BP, Ansa-Addo EA, Gutierrez J, Timmers CD, Liu B, Li Z. Cutting Edge: Targeting Thrombocytes to Rewire Anticancer Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment and Potentiate Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1105-1110. [PMID: 31358658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aside from their roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, thrombocytes or platelets also promote tumor growth via immune suppression. However, the extent to which platelet activation shapes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and whether platelet inhibition can be leveraged to improve checkpoint blockade are unknown. We show in this study that platelet function in mice mediates suppression of CD8+ T cell function within the TME but not in the draining lymph nodes. Tempering platelet activation genetically reduced TGF-β signaling in both immune and nonimmune cells in the TME, enhanced T cell frequency and function, and decreased CD11b+ myeloid cell infiltration in the tumor. Targeting platelet function pharmacologically in tumor-bearing mice with aspirin and clopidogrel in combination with PD-1 blockade improved tumor control. These results suggest that platelet function represents a continuous, supplemental mechanism of immune evasion co-opted by tumors to evade antitumor immunity and offers an attractive target for combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Riesenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ephraim A Ansa-Addo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Jennifer Gutierrez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Cynthia D Timmers
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; .,Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
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170
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Galli G, Proto C, Signorelli D, Imbimbo M, Ferrara R, Prelaj A, De Toma A, Ganzinelli M, Zilembo N, de Braud F, Garassino MC, Lo Russo G. Characterization of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer obtaining long-term benefit from immunotherapy. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2743-2757. [PMID: 31339060 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A minority of patients gains advantage from immunotherapy (IO). Predictive variables of long-term benefit (LTB) are incompletely understood. Materials & methods: We retrospectively collected data about metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with IO from April 2013 to July 2017. We defined LTB to IO as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or disease stability as best response and maintaining it for ≥12 months. Results: Thirty-five of the 147 patients had LTB. More LTB patients than controls showed CR/PR as first and best response to IO. Only CR/PR as best response to IO retained association to LTB at multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Objective response appears as a central factor for LTB from IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Toma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zilembo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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171
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Targeting the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer Treatment Using Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070726. [PMID: 31311204 PMCID: PMC6679009 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying and contributing to cancers. Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could have a positive effect on both the prevention of cancer and tumor therapy. Numerous hypotheses have postulated that NSAIDs could slow tumor growth by acting on both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review takes a closer look at these hypotheses. In the cancer process, one of the major signaling pathways involved is the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which appears to be upregulated. This pathway is closely associated with both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in cancers. The administration of NSAIDs has been observed to help in the downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and thus in the control of tumor growth. NSAIDs act as PPARγ agonists. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in opposing manners. PPARγ agonists can promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, and can reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. In parallel, the dysregulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) contributes to cancer development through the upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. By stimulating PPARγ expression, NSAIDs can control CRs through the regulation of many key circadian genes. The administration of NSAIDs in cancer treatment would thus appear to be an interesting therapeutic strategy, which acts through their role in regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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172
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Lichtenberger LM, Vijayan KV. Are Platelets the Primary Target of Aspirin's Remarkable Anticancer Activity? Cancer Res 2019; 79:3820-3823. [PMID: 31300475 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin, when administered at low doses, has emerged as a powerful anticancer drug due to both chemopreventive activity against many forms of cancer and its ability to block metastases when administered postdiagnosis. Platelets, which are often elevated in circulation during the latter stages of cancer, are known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell growth, survival in circulation, and angiogenesis at sites of metastases. Low-dose aspirin has been demonstrated to block this procarcinogenic action of platelets. In this article, we present evidence that aspirin's unique ability to irreversibly inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase-1 is a key mechanism by which aspirin exerts anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenard M Lichtenberger
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - K Vinod Vijayan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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173
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Vermeersch E, Nuyttens BP, Tersteeg C, Broos K, De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Functional Genomics for the Identification of Modulators of Platelet-Dependent Thrombus Formation. TH OPEN 2019; 2:e272-e279. [PMID: 31249951 PMCID: PMC6524883 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the absence of the genome in platelets, transcription profiling provides important insights into platelet function and can help clarify abnormalities in platelet disorders. The Bloodomics Consortium performed whole-genome expression analysis comparing in vitro–differentiated megakaryocytes (MKs) with in vitro–differentiated erythroblasts and different blood cell types. This allowed the identification of genes with upregulated expression in MKs compared with all other cell lineages, among the receptors BAMBI, LRRC32, ESAM, and DCBLD2. In a later correlative analysis of genome-wide platelet RNA expression with interindividual human platelet reactivity, LLRFIP and COMMD7 were additionally identified. A functional genomics approach using morpholino-based silencing in zebrafish identified various roles for all of these selected genes in thrombus formation. In this review, we summarize the role of the six identified genes in zebrafish and discuss how they correlate with subsequently performed mouse experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vermeersch
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Broos
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
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174
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Hotta E, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N. Platelets are important for the development of immune tolerance: Possible involvement of TGF-β in the mechanism. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:801-808. [PMID: 30991458 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have diverse roles in immune processes in addition to their key functions in haemostasis and thrombosis. Some studies imply that platelets may be possibly related to the immune tolerance induction. However, the role of platelets in the development of immune tolerance is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of platelets in the development of regulatory mechanisms responsible for cutaneous inflammation using a mouse model of low zone tolerance (LZT). Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) 8 times every other day for tolerance induction with administration of anti-platelet antibody or control antibody during the tolerance induction phase every 3 days. After the treatment for the tolerance induction, mice were sensitized and then challenged with TNCB. The contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was significantly decreased at 24 hours after challenge in the mice with LZT than in those without LZT. Platelet depletion via administration of anti-platelet antibody reversed the inhibition of CHS and reduced the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in the inflamed skin and draining lymph nodes in mice with LZT. In addition, repeated low-dose skin exposure resulted in elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Interestingly, platelet depletion reduced plasma TGF-β1 levels of mice with LZT. Furthermore, the CHS response was reduced by administration of recombinant TGF-β1 during platelet depletion in mice with LZT. Administration of anti-TGF-β antibody reversed the inhibition of the CHS responses. These results suggest that platelets are involved in the induction of immune tolerance via the release of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hotta
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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175
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Couldwell G, Machlus KR. Modulation of megakaryopoiesis and platelet production during inflammation. Thromb Res 2019; 179:114-120. [PMID: 31128560 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are widely known as the progenitor cells of platelets. These large, polyploid cells are a derivative of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), and reside in the bone marrow, lining blood vessel walls where they release their platelet progeny into circulation. Although little is known about how MKs differ under various environmental stressors, both chronic and acute inflammation alter the differentiation and molecular content of MKs. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the release of inflammatory cytokines may induce MK rupture and rapid release of platelets as a mechanism to quickly replenish diminished platelet counts in response to inflammation. Similarities between MKs and their close relatives, white blood cells, have introduced the notion that MKs may play a role in combating infection by engulfing and presenting antigens, and passing this information to circulating platelets. In addition, MKs exposed to varying bone marrow environments produce different platelets which enter circulation primed to respond to and combat inflammation, infection, or injury. This review focuses on how inflammation alters MK production, maturation, and platelet production. In addition, it introduces the idea that inflammation reprograms MKs to create different, more pathogenic platelets and leads them to take on different roles as responders to deleterious conditions. In the future, studies determining how platelets are altered in disease states may lead to novel MK- and platelet-based therapeutic targets to mitigate inflammation-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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176
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Truncation of TGF-β docking receptor GARP is linked to human disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1157-1158. [PMID: 31053781 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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177
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Zhang X, Feng Y, Liu X, Ma J, Li Y, Wang T, Li X. Beyond a chemopreventive reagent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1387-1403. [PMID: 31037399 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin, one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDS), not only shows cancer chemoprevention effects but also improves cancer therapeutic effects when combined with other therapies. Studies that focus on aspirin regulation of the hallmarks of cancer and the associated molecular mechanisms facilitate a more thorough understanding of aspirin in mediating chemoprevention and may supply additional information for the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents. METHODS The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Current studies have revealed that aspirin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Within tumor tissue, aspirin suppresses the bioactivities of cancer cells themselves and deteriorates the tumor microenvironment that supports cancer progression. In addition to tumor tissues, blocking of platelet activation also contributes to the ability of aspirin to inhibit cancer progression. In terms of the molecular mechanism, aspirin targets oncogenes and cancer-related signaling pathways and activates certain tumor suppressors. CONCLUSION Beyond a chemopreventive agent, aspirin is a master regulator of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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178
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Platelet-rich plasma and its utility in medical dermatology: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:834-846. [PMID: 31009668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of dermatology has seen numerous therapeutic innovations in the past decade with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), recently garnering significant interest in alopecia, acne scarring, and skin rejuvenation. In other conditions of dermatology, such as chronic wounds and vitiligo, PRP has been investigated but has received less attention. The objective of this literature review was to focus on conditions of medical dermatology and to consolidate the available evidence on PRP for the practicing dermatologist. This review evaluates the literature up to October 31, 2018, and a search was conducted in the PubMed database for "platelet-rich plasma," "platelet releasate," "platelet gel," "platelet-rich fibrin" or "PRP" and "dermatology," "skin," "cutaneous," "wound," or "ulcer." In total, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. In studies representing Levels of Evidence 1b-4 according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, PRP significantly improved wound healing in chronic diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, pressure ulcers, leprosy ulcers, acute traumatic wounds, and ulcers of multifactorial etiologies. Two studies also documented benefits of adjunctive PRP in stable vitiligo. In chronic wounds of multiple etiologies and vitiligo, PRP warrants further investigation because it represents a potential therapeutic adjunct or alternative with a favorable side effect profile.
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179
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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180
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Mailer RKW, Hänel L, Allende M, Renné T. Polyphosphate as a Target for Interference With Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31106204 PMCID: PMC6499166 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and mast cells expose the inorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP) on their surfaces. PolyP initiates procoagulant and proinflammatory reactions and the polymer has been recognized as a therapeutic target for interference with blood coagulation and vascular hyperpermeability. PolyP content and chain length depend on the specific cell type and energy status, which may affect cellular functions. PolyP metabolism has mainly been studied in bacteria and yeast, but its roles in eukaryotic cells and mammalian systems have remained enigmatic. In this review, we will present an overview of polyP functions, focusing on intra- and extracellular roles of the polymer and discuss open questions that emerge from the current knowledge on polyP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner K W Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorena Hänel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikel Allende
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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181
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Harel T, Levy-Lahad E, Daana M, Mechoulam H, Horowitz-Cederboim S, Gur M, Meiner V, Elpeleg O. Homozygous stop-gain variant in LRRC32, encoding a TGFβ receptor, associated with cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1315-1319. [PMID: 30976112 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is essential for palatogenesis and retinal development. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), encoded by LRRC32, is a TGFβ cell surface receptor that has been studied primarily in the context of cellular immunity. We identified a homozygous stop-gain variant in LRRC32 (c.1630C>T; p.(Arg544Ter)) in two families with developmental delay, cleft palate, and proliferative retinopathy. Garp-null mice have palate defects and die within 24 h after birth. Our study establishes LRRC32 as a candidate disease-associated gene in humans and lends further support to the role of the TGFβ pathway in palatogenesis and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muhannad Daana
- Child Development Centers, Clalit and Maccabi Health Care Services, Jerusalem District, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Mechoulam
- Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Smadar Horowitz-Cederboim
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Gur
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.,Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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182
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Zhao H, Feng R, Peng A, Li G, Zhou L. The expanding family of noncanonical regulatory cell subsets. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:369-383. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ru0918-353rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ridong Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Aijun Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gaowei Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
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183
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Abstract
Several pieces of evidence support the role of activated platelets in the development of the chronic inflammation-related diseases, such as atherothrombosis and cancer, mainly via the release of soluble factors and microparticles (MPs). Platelets and MPs contain a repertoire of proteins and genetic material (i.e., mRNAs and microRNAs) which may be influenced by the clinical condition of the individuals. In fact, platelets are capable of up-taking proteins and genetic material during their lifespan. Moreover, the content of platelet-derived MPs can be delivered to other cells, including stromal, immune, epithelial, and cancer cells, to change their phenotype and functions, thus contributing to cancer promotion and its metastasization. Platelets and MPs can play an indirect role in the metastatic process by helping malignant cells to escape from immunological surveillance. Furthermore, platelets and their derived MPs represent a potential source for blood biomarker development in oncology. This review provides an updated overview of the roles played by platelets and MPs in cancer and metastasis formation. The possible analysis of platelet and MP molecular signatures for the detection of cancer and monitoring of anticancer treatments is discussed. Finally, the potential use of MPs as vectors for drug delivery systems to cancer cells is put forward.
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184
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Dwyer CJ, Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Arhontoulis DC, Bartee E, Li Z, Rubinstein MP, Paulos CM. Fueling Cancer Immunotherapy With Common Gamma Chain Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30842774 PMCID: PMC6391336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes redirected with antigen receptors (CAR or TCR) has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Although CAR T cell therapy mediates robust responses in patients with hematological malignancies, this approach has been less effective for treating patients with solid tumors. Additionally, toxicities post T cell infusion highlight the need for safer ACT protocols. Current protocols traditionally expand T lymphocytes isolated from patient tumors or from peripheral blood to large magnitudes in the presence of high dose IL-2 prior to infusion. Unfortunately, this expansion protocol differentiates T cells to a full effector or terminal phenotype in vitro, consequently reducing their long-term survival and antitumor effectiveness in vivo. Post-infusion, T cells face further obstacles limiting their persistence and function within the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic manipulation of T cells with common γ chain cytokines, which are critical growth factors for T cells, may be the key to bypass such immunological hurdles. Herein, we discuss the primary functions of the common γ chain cytokines impacting T cell survival and memory and then elaborate on how these distinct cytokines have been used to augment T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Dimitrios C Arhontoulis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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185
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Rachidi S, Kaur M, Lautenschlaeger T, Li Z. Platelet count correlates with stage and predicts survival in melanoma. Platelets 2019; 30:1042-1046. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1572879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rachidi
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maneet Kaur
- PhD student in Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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186
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Rachidi S, Li H, Wallace K, Li Z, Balch C, Lautenschlaeger T. Preoperative platelet counts and postoperative outcomes in cancer surgery: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Platelets 2019; 31:79-87. [PMID: 30744463 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1573977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play roles in malignancy, wound healing, and immunity. Nevertheless, their significance in postoperative outcomes is not established. This is a retrospective cohort study of 100,795 patients undergoing cancer surgery in 2010 and 2014 in >500 hospitals. Patients were stratified into five groups based on preoperative platelet counts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the risk of 30-day mortality, morbidities, readmission, and prolonged hospitalization using the mid-normal group as a reference. We adjusted for demographic variables, comorbidities, and operation complexity. In the 2014 cohort, multivariable analysis showed that mortality was higher in patients with thrombocytopenia (OR 1.49, 95% CI [1.23-1.81]), high-normal platelets (OR 1.29, [1.06-1.55]), and thrombocytosis (OR 1.78, [1.45-2.19]). Composite postoperative morbidity followed a similar trend with thrombocytopenia (OR 1.34, [1.25-1.43]), high-normal counts (OR 1.41, [1.33-1.49]), and thrombocytosis (OR 2.20, [2.05-2.36]). Concordantly, the risks of prolonged hospitalization and 30-day readmission followed the same pattern. These results were validated in a large colon cancer cohort from the 2010 database. In conclusion, platelet count is a prognostic indicator in cancer surgeries. This could be related to the role of platelets in wound healing and immunity on one hand, and propagating malignancy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rachidi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charles Balch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tim Lautenschlaeger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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187
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Zhu Y, Wei Y, Zhang R, Dong X, Shen S, Zhao Y, Bai J, Albanes D, Caporaso NE, Landi MT, Zhu B, Chanock SJ, Gu F, Lam S, Tsao MS, Shepherd FA, Tardon A, Fernández-Somoano A, Fernandez-Tardon G, Chen C, Barnett MJ, Doherty J, Bojesen SE, Johansson M, Brennan P, McKay JD, Carreras-Torres R, Muley T, Risch A, Wichmann HE, Bickeboeller H, Rosenberger A, Rennert G, Saliba W, Arnold SM, Field JK, Davies MPA, Marcus MW, Wu X, Ye Y, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Melander O, Manjer J, Brunnström H, Hung RJ, Liu G, Brhane Y, Kachuri L, Andrew AS, Duell EJ, Kiemeney LA, van der Heijden EH, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S, Skaug V, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Woll PJ, Cox A, Taylor F, Teare DM, Lazarus P, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Houlston RS, McLaughlin J, Stevens VL, Shen H, Hu Z, Dai J, Amos CI, Han Y, Zhu D, Goodman GE, Chen F, Christiani DC. Elevated Platelet Count Appears to Be Causally Associated with Increased Risk of Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:935-942. [PMID: 30700444 PMCID: PMC7075698 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are a critical element in coagulation and inflammation, and activated platelets are linked to cancer risk through diverse mechanisms. However, a causal relationship between platelets and risk of lung cancer remains unclear. METHODS We performed single and combined multiple instrumental variable Mendelian randomization analysis by an inverse-weighted method, in addition to a series of sensitivity analyses. Summary data for associations between SNPs and platelet count are from a recent publication that included 48,666 Caucasian Europeans, and the International Lung Cancer Consortium and Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung data consisting of 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls to analyze associations between candidate SNPs and lung cancer risk. RESULTS Multiple instrumental variable analysis incorporating six SNPs showed a 62% increased risk of overall non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC; OR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-2.27; P = 0.005] and a 200% increased risk for small-cell lung cancer (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.27-7.06; P = 0.01). Results showed only a trending association with NSCLC histologic subtypes, which may be due to insufficient sample size and/or weak effect size. A series of sensitivity analysis retained these findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a causal relationship between elevated platelet count and increased risk of lung cancer and provide evidence of possible antiplatelet interventions for lung cancer prevention. IMPACT These findings provide a better understanding of lung cancer etiology and potential evidence for antiplatelet interventions for lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fangyi Gu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adonina Tardon
- University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Faculty of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew J Barnett
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thomas Muley
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,University of Salzburg and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heunz-Erich Wichmann
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeboeller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John K Field
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Marcus
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Jonas Manjer
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Hfm van der Heijden
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aage Haugen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Penella J Woll
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn M Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Younghun Han
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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188
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Salem M, Wallace C, Velegraki M, Li A, Ansa-Addo E, Metelli A, Kwon H, Riesenberg B, Wu B, Zhang Y, Guglietta S, Sun S, Liu B, Li Z. GARP Dampens Cancer Immunity by Sustaining Function and Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells in the Colon. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1178-1190. [PMID: 30674536 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated regulatory T (Treg) cells express the surface receptor glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP), which binds and activates latent TGFβ. How GARP modulates Treg function in inflammation and cancer remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that loss of GARP in Treg cells leads to spontaneous inflammation with highly activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and development of enteritis. Treg cells lacking GARP were unable to suppress pathogenic T-cell responses in multiple models of inflammation, including T-cell transfer colitis. GARP-/- Treg cells were significantly reduced in the gut and exhibited a reduction in CD103 expression, a colon-specific migratory marker. In the colitis-associated colon cancer model, GARP on Treg cells dampened immune surveillance, and mice with GARP-/- Treg cells exhibited improved antitumor immunity. Thus, GARP empowers the functionality of Treg cells and their tissue-specific accumulation, highlighting the importance of cell surface TGFβ in Treg function and GARP as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer therapy.Significance: These findings uncover functions of membrane-bound TGFβ and GARP that tune the activity of Treg cells, highlighting a potential treatment strategy in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Wallace
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ephraim Ansa-Addo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alessandra Metelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brian Riesenberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bill Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. .,First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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189
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Lodyga M, Cambridge E, Karvonen HM, Pakshir P, Wu B, Boo S, Kiebalo M, Kaarteenaho R, Glogauer M, Kapoor M, Ask K, Hinz B. Cadherin-11-mediated adhesion of macrophages to myofibroblasts establishes a profibrotic niche of active TGF-β. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/564/eaao3469. [PMID: 30647145 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to the activation of fibroblastic cells into myofibroblasts, which secrete collagen and contract the collagen matrix to acutely repair injured tissue. Persistent myofibroblast activation leads to the accumulation of fibrotic scar tissue that impairs organ function. We investigated the key processes that turn acute beneficial repair into destructive progressive fibrosis. We showed that homotypic cadherin-11 interactions promoted the specific binding of macrophages to and persistent activation of profibrotic myofibroblasts. Cadherin-11 was highly abundant at contacts between macrophages and myofibroblasts in mouse and human fibrotic lung tissues. In attachment assays, cadherin-11 junctions mediated specific recognition and strong adhesion between macrophages and myofibroblasts. One functional outcome of cadherin-11-mediated adhesion was locally restricted activation of latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) between macrophage-myofibroblast pairs that was not observed in cocultures of macrophages and myofibroblasts that were not in contact with one another. Our data suggest that cadherin-11 junctions maintain latent TGF-β-producing macrophages and TGF-β-activating myofibroblasts in close proximity to one another. Inhibition of homotypic cadherin-11 interactions could be used to cause macrophage-myofibroblast separation, thereby destabilizing the profibrotic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Cambridge
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Henna M Karvonen
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.,Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pardis Pakshir
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Brian Wu
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stellar Boo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Melanie Kiebalo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.,Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada. .,Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
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190
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Li Z, Riesenberg B, Metelli A, Li A, Wu BX. The Role of Platelets in Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Immune Evasion. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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191
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Li Z, Song W, Rubinstein M, Liu D. Recent updates in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review and perspective of the 2018 China Cancer Immunotherapy Workshop in Beijing. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:142. [PMID: 30577797 PMCID: PMC6303854 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is the hard-wired host defense mechanism against pathogens as well as cancer. Five years ago, we pondered the question if the era of cancer immunotherapy was upon us (Li et al., Exp Hem Oncol 2013). Exciting progresses have been made at all fronts since then, including (1) sweeping approval of six agents by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for treatment of 13 cancer types; (2) a paradigm shifting indication of PD-1 and CTLA4 blockers for the management of a broad class of cancers with DNA mismatch repair defect, the first-ever tissue agnostic approval of cancer drugs; (3) real world practice of adoptive T cell therapy with two CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell products (CAR-T) for relapsed and/or refractory B cell malignancies including acute lymphoid leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, signaling the birth of a field now known as synthetic immunology; (4) the award of 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine from the Nobel Committee to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison "for their discovery of cancer medicine by inhibition of negative immune regulation" ( www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018 ); and (5) the emerging new concept of normalizing rather than amplifying anti-tumor immunity for guiding the next wave of revolution in the field of immuno-oncology (IO) (Sanmamed and Chen, Cell 2018).This article will highlight the significant developments of immune-oncology as of October 2018. The US FDA approved indications of all seven immune checkpoint blockers, and two CD19-directed CAR-T products are tabulated for easy references. We organized our discussion into the following sections: introduction, cell therapy, emerging immunotherapeutic strategies, expediting oncology drug development in an era of breakthrough therapies, new concepts in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, and concluding remarks. Many of these topics were covered by the 2018 China Cancer Immunotherapy Workshop in Beijing, the fourth annual conference co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), China FDA (CFDA; now known as China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA)), and the Tsinghua University. We significantly expanded our discussion of important IO developments beyond what were covered in the conference, and proposed a new Three Rs conceptual framework for cancer immunotherapy, which is to reverse tolerance, rejuvenate the immune system, and restore immune homeostasis. We conclude that the future of immuno-oncology as a distinct discipline of cancer medicine has arrived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihai Li
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wenru Song
- Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Rubinstein
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network, New York, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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192
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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193
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Morrell CN, Pariser DN, Hilt ZT, Vega Ocasio D. The Platelet Napoleon Complex-Small Cells, but Big Immune Regulatory Functions. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 37:125-144. [PMID: 30485751 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have dual physiologic roles as both cellular mediators of thrombosis and immune modulatory cells. Historically, the thrombotic function of platelets has received significant research and clinical attention, but emerging research indicates that the immune regulatory roles of platelets may be just as important. We now know that in addition to their role in the acute thrombotic event at the time of myocardial infarction, platelets initiate and accelerate inflammatory processes that are part of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction expansion. Furthermore, it is increasingly apparent from recent studies that platelets impact the pathogenesis of many vascular inflammatory processes such as autoimmune diseases, sepsis, viral infections, and growth and metastasis of many types of tumors. Therefore, we must consider platelets as immune cells that affect all phases of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA;
| | - Daphne N Pariser
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA;
| | - Zachary T Hilt
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA;
| | - Denisse Vega Ocasio
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA;
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194
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Cananzi FCM, Minerva EM, Samà L, Ruspi L, Sicoli F, Conti L, Fumagalli Romario U, Quagliuolo VL. Preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Surg Oncol 2018; 119:12-20. [PMID: 30426498 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Several inflammation markers were found to have a prognostic value in cancer. We investigated the significance of preoperative white cell ratios in determining gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) outcome. METHODS Clinicopathological features of patients who underwent surgery for GIST were reviewed. The following peripheral blood inflammation markers were calculated: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-white blood cell ratio (NWR), lymphocyte-white cell ratio (LWR), monocyte-white cell ratio (MWR), and platelet-white cell ratio (PWR). RESULTS We analyzed 127 patients. Three- and five-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 89.7% and 86.9%, respectively. The univariate analysis selected tumor diameter (P = 0.003), gastric location ( P = 0.024), cell type ( P = 0.024), mitosis ( P < 0.001), MLR ( P = 0.014), NLR ( P = 0.016), and PLR ( P = 0.001) as the factors associated to DFS. The independent prognostic factors for DFS were mitosis ( P = 0.001), NLR ( P = 0.015), MLR ( P = 0.015), and PLR ( P = 0.031), with MLR showing the highest statistical significance and hazard ratio (HR) value. MLR, NLR, and PLR were the only prognostic factors in the subgroup of patients with moderate to high Miettinen's risk class. A high value of MLR was associated with reduced DFS. CONCLUSION MLR, NLR, and PLR are independent prognostic factors for DFS in GISTs. We first demonstrated the role of MLR as a predictor of recurrence in GIST. Its inclusion into clinical management may improve the recurrence estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Samà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ruspi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sicoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Conti
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lorenzo Quagliuolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
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195
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Platelets in cancer development and diagnosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1517-1527. [PMID: 30420412 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are involved in the development and progression of cancer through several mechanisms. Platelet activation at the site of tissue damage contributes to the initiation of a cascade of events which promote tumorigenesis. In fact, platelets release a wide array of proteins, including growth and angiogenic factors, lipids and extracellular vesicles rich in genetic material, which can mediate the induction of phenotypic changes in target cells, such as immune, stromal and tumor cells, and promote carcinogenesis and metastasis formation. Importantly, the role of platelets in tumor immune escape has been described. These lines of evidence open the way to novel strategies to fight cancer based on the use of antiplatelet agents. In addition to their ability to release factors, platelets are able of up-taking proteins and genetic material present in the bloodstream. Platelets are like 'sentinels' of the disease state. The evaluation of proteomics and transcriptomics signature of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles could represent a new strategy for the development of biomarkers for early cancer detection and/or therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer chemotherapy. Owing to the ability of platelets to interact with cancer cells and to deliver their cargo, platelets have been proposed as a 'biomimetic drug delivery system' for anti-tumor drugs to prevent the occurrence of off-target adverse events associated with the use of traditional chemotherapy.
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196
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Zhang Y, Lin S, Yang X, Wang R, Luo L. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5555-5563. [PMID: 30353545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, but no consensus has been reached. We aimed to systematically evaluate the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers. METHODS Relevant published papers regarding the prognostic value of SII in patients with GI cancers were obtained from a number of electronic databases. The overall hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model to assess the relationship between SII and prognosis through Stata SE 12.0. RESULTS A total of 24 eligible published articles with 9,626 patients were included. From the pooled results, we found that high SII indicated worse overall survival (OS) in patients with GI cancers (HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.29-1.74). And patients with high SII had poorer disease-free survival (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.46-3.10), time to recurrence (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), and recurrence-free survival (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19-2.00) when compared with those with low SII values. CONCLUSIONS SII might serve as a noninvasive and powerful tool for predicting survival outcome in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyan Luo
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
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197
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Takasaka N, Seed RI, Cormier A, Bondesson AJ, Lou J, Elattma A, Ito S, Yanagisawa H, Hashimoto M, Ma R, Levine MD, Publicover J, Potts R, Jespersen JM, Campbell MG, Conrad F, Marks JD, Cheng Y, Baron JL, Nishimura SL. Integrin αvβ8-expressing tumor cells evade host immunity by regulating TGF-β activation in immune cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122591. [PMID: 30333313 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a promising immunotherapeutic target. It is expressed ubiquitously in a latent form that must be activated to function. Determination of where and how latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β) is activated in the tumor microenvironment could facilitate cell- and mechanism-specific approaches to immunotherapeutically target TGF-β. Binding of L-TGF-β to integrin αvβ8 results in activation of TGF-β. We engineered and used αvβ8 antibodies optimized for blocking or detection, which - respectively - inhibit tumor growth in syngeneic tumor models or sensitively and specifically detect β8 in human tumors. Inhibition of αvβ8 potentiates cytotoxic T cell responses and recruitment of immune cells to tumor centers - effects that are independent of PD-1/PD-L1. β8 is expressed on the cell surface at high levels by tumor cells, not immune cells, while the reverse is true of L-TGF-β, suggesting that tumor cell αvβ8 serves as a platform for activating cell-surface L-TGF-β presented by immune cells. Transcriptome analysis of tumor-associated lymphoid cells reveals macrophages as a key cell type responsive to β8 inhibition with major increases in chemokine and tumor-eliminating genes. High β8 expression in tumor cells is seen in 20%-80% of various cancers, which rarely coincides with high PD-L1 expression. These data suggest tumor cell αvβ8 is a PD-1/PD-L1-independent immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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198
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Abstract
In recent years, the reports on using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer prevention and treatment have been on the rise. In 2017, the US Preventive Services Working Group issued primary prevention guidelines on the use of NSAIDs, especially aspirin, for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer, and formally established the role and status of aspirin in cancer prevention. However, the mechanism of NSAIDs on preventing cancer is still not clear. In this paper, the progress of the application of NSAIDs, especially aspirin, in the prevention and treatment of tumors in recent years is summarized, and new ideas and directions for the follow-up study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Lijun Shang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, People's Republic of China, , .,School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK,
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199
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Schlesinger M. Role of platelets and platelet receptors in cancer metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:125. [PMID: 30305116 PMCID: PMC6180572 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with platelets is a prerequisite for successful hematogenous metastatic dissemination. Upon tumor cell arrival in the blood, tumor cells immediately activate platelets to form a permissive microenvironment. Platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces and assault of NK cells, recruit myeloid cells by secretion of chemokines, and mediate an arrest of the tumor cell platelet embolus at the vascular wall. Subsequently, platelet-derived growth factors confer a mesenchymal-like phenotype to tumor cells and open the capillary endothelium to expedite extravasation in distant organs. Finally, platelet-secreted growth factors stimulate tumor cell proliferation to micrometastatic foci. This review provides a synopsis on the current literature on platelet-mediated effects in cancer metastasis and particularly focuses on platelet adhesion receptors and their role in metastasis. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and hemi ITAM (hemITAM) comprising receptors, especially, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), FcγRIIa, and C-type lectin-like-2 receptor (CLEC-2) are turned in the spotlight since several new mechanisms and contributions to metastasis have been attributed to this family of platelet receptors in the last years.
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Rahman A, Tiwari A, Narula J, Hickling T. Importance of Feedback and Feedforward Loops to Adaptive Immune Response Modeling. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2018; 7:621-628. [PMID: 30198637 PMCID: PMC6202469 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human adaptive immune system is a very complex network of different types of cells, cytokines, and signaling molecules. This complex network makes it difficult to understand the system level regulations. To properly explain the immune system, it is necessary to explicitly investigate the presence of different feedback and feedforward loops (FFLs) and their crosstalks. Considering that these loops increase the complexity of the system, the mathematical modeling has been proved to be an important tool to explain such complex biological systems. This review focuses on these regulatory loops and discusses their importance on systems modeling of the immune system.
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