151
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Bovine Organospecific Microvascular Endothelial Cell Lines as New and Relevant In Vitro Models to Study Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155249. [PMID: 32722052 PMCID: PMC7432920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells constitute potential targets for exogenous microorganisms, in particular for vector-borne pathogens. Their phenotypic and functional variations according to the organs they are coming from provide an explanation of the organ selectivity expressed in vivo by pathogens. In order to make available relevant tools for in vitro studies of infection mechanisms, our aim was to immortalize bovine organospecific endothelial cells but also to assess their permissivity to viral infection. Using transfection with SV40 large T antigen, six bovine microvascular endothelial cell lines from various organs and one macrovascular cell line from an umbilical cord were established. They display their own panel of endothelial progenitor/mature markers, as assessed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, as well as the typical angiogenesis capacity. Using both Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease viruses, we demonstrate that some cell lines are preferentially infected. In addition, they can be transfected and are able to express viral proteins such as BTV8-NS3. Such microvascular endothelial cell lines bring innovative tools for in vitro studies of infection by viruses or bacteria, allowing for the study of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms with the actual in vivo target cells. They are also suitable for applications linked to microvascularization, such as anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor research, growing fields in veterinary medicine.
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152
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Chan KWK, Watanabe S, Jin JY, Pompon J, Teng D, Alonso S, Vijaykrishna D, Halstead SB, Marzinek JK, Bond PJ, Burla B, Torta F, Wenk MR, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG. A T164S mutation in the dengue virus NS1 protein is associated with greater disease severity in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/498/eaat7726. [PMID: 31243154 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses cause severe and sudden human epidemics worldwide. The secreted form of the nonstructural protein 1 (sNS1) of dengue virus causes vascular leakage, a hallmark of severe dengue disease. Here, we reverse engineered the T164S mutation of NS1, associated with the severity of dengue epidemics in the Americas, into a dengue virus serotype 2 mildly infectious strain. The T164S mutant virus decreased infectious virus production and increased sNS1 production in mammalian cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without affecting viral RNA replication. Gene expression profiling of 268 inflammation-associated human genes revealed up-regulation of genes induced in response to vascular leakage. Infection of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti with the T164S mutant virus resulted in increased viral load in the mosquito midgut and higher sNS1 production compared to wild-type virus infection. Infection of type 1 and 2 interferon receptor-deficient AG129 mice with the T164S mutant virus resulted in severe disease coupled with increased complement activation, tissue inflammation, and more rapid mortality compared to AG129 mice infected with wild-type virus. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that mutant sNS1 formed stable dimers similar to the wild-type protein, whereas the hexameric mutant sNS1 was predicted to be unstable. Immunoaffinity-purified sNS1 from T164S mutant virus-infected mammalian cells was associated with different lipid classes compared to wild-type sNS1. Treatment of human PBMCs with sNS1 purified from T164S mutant virus resulted in a twofold higher production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a mechanism for how mutant sNS1 may cause more severe dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Y Jin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Julien Pompon
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS5290 Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Don Teng
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis St., Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis St., Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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153
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Zhang M, Sun J, Li M, Jin X. Modified mRNA-LNP Vaccines Confer Protection against Experimental DENV-2 Infection in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:702-712. [PMID: 32913878 PMCID: PMC7452130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major global public health concern, and there is no effective vaccine for it. In this study, we describe the design and characterization of three nucleotide-modified mRNA vaccines (prME-mRNA, E80-mRNA, and NS1-mRNA) for DENV-2. Our results showed that vaccination with E80-mRNA alone or a combination of E80-mRNA and NS1-mRNA can induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cell responses; furthermore, these vaccines confer complete protection against DENV-2 challenge in immunocompetent mice. These data provide foundations for further development of a tetravalent DENV vaccine based on nucleotide-modified mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Zhang
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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154
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Risk factors and biomarkers of severe dengue. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:1-8. [PMID: 32688269 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infects several million people each year. Although usually a self-limiting disease, some patients can develop life-threatening severe complications, characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhaging, and shock. The signs and symptoms of severe disease usually arise late in the disease course when patients are recovering and fever has subsided, making it difficult to predict. Efforts are underway to identify risk factors and biomarkers that can accurately predict disease severity in the acute febrile phase of the disease, facilitating early intervention and treatment strategies for those at greatest risk. In this review we discuss recent advancements in identifying risk factors and biomarkers for the prognosis of severe dengue.
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155
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Rathore APS, Senanayake M, Athapathu AS, Gunasena S, Karunaratna I, Leong WY, Lim T, Mantri CK, Wilder-Smith A, St John AL. Serum chymase levels correlate with severe dengue warning signs and clinical fluid accumulation in hospitalized pediatric patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11856. [PMID: 32678248 PMCID: PMC7367272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue induces a spectrum of severity in humans from the milder dengue fever to severe disease, or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Chymase is a candidate biomarker that may aid dengue prognosis. This prospective study aimed to identify whether warning signs of severe dengue, including hypovolemia and fluid accumulation, were associated with elevated chymase. Serum chymase levels were quantified prospectively and longitudinally in hospitalized pediatric dengue patients in Sri Lanka. Warning signs were determined based on daily clinical assessments, laboratory tests and ultrasound findings. Chymase was significantly elevated during the acute phase of disease in DHF or Severe dengue, defined by either the 1997 or 2009 WHO diagnosis guidelines, and persisted longer in the most severe patients. Chymase levels were higher in patients with narrow pulse pressure and clinical warning signs such as severe leakage, fluid accumulation, pleural effusion, gall-bladder wall thickening and rapid haematocrit rise concurrent with thrombocytopenia. No association between chymase and liver enlargement was observed. This study confirms that serum chymase levels are associated with DHF/Severe dengue disease in hospitalized pediatric patients. Chymase levels correlate with warning signs of vascular dysfunction highlighting the possible functional role of chymase in vascular leakage during dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manouri Senanayake
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Lady Ridgeway Children's Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sunethra Gunasena
- Department of Virology, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Wei Yee Leong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Lim
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chinmay Kumar Mantri
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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156
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Amraei R, Rahimi N. COVID-19, Renin-Angiotensin System and Endothelial Dysfunction. Cells 2020; 9:E1652. [PMID: 32660065 PMCID: PMC7407648 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emergent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a serious threat to global public health and caused worldwide social and economic breakdown. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in human vascular endothelium, respiratory epithelium, and other cell types, and is thought to be a primary mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. In physiological condition, ACE2 via its carboxypeptidase activity generates angiotensin fragments (Ang 1-9 and Ang 1-7), and plays an essential role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis. SARS-CoV-2 via its surface spike glycoprotein interacts with ACE2 and invades the host cells. Once inside the host cells, SARS-CoV-2 induces acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stimulates immune response (i.e., cytokine storm) and vascular damage. SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial cell injury could exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, which is a hallmark of aging, hypertension, and obesity, leading to further complications. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and injury offers insights into COVID-19 associated mortality. Here we reviewed the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the roles of ACE2, RAS signaling, and a possible link between the pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial injury in COVID-19 associated mortality. We also surveyed the roles of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), including CD209L/L-SIGN and CD209/DC-SIGN in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other related viruses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of infection, the vascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and pathways involved in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction could lead to new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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157
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Rastogi M, Singh SK. Zika virus NS1 affects the junctional integrity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Biochimie 2020; 176:52-61. [PMID: 32640279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly in newborns. Flaviviruses are known to secrete NS1 protein extracellularly and its concentration in serum directly co-relate to disease severity. The presence of ZIKV-NS1 near the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) affects blood-brain-barrier, which is composed of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Viruses utilize different strategies to circumvent this barrier to enter in brain. The present study demonstrated the mechanism of junctional integrity disruption in BMVECs by ZIKV-NS1 protein exposure. The Transendothelial Electrical Resistance and sodium fluorescein migration assays revealed the endothelial barrier disruption in BMVECs exposed to ZIKV-NS1 at different time (12hr and 24hr) and doses (500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL). The exposure of ZIKV-NS1 on BMVECs led to the phosphorylation of AJs and suppression of TJs through secreted ZIKV-NS1 in a bystander fashion. The activation of NADPH dependent reactive oxygen species activity and redox sensitive tyrosine kinase further increased the phosphorylation of AJs. The reduced expression of the phosphatase led to the increased phosphorylation of the AJs. The treatment with Diphenyleneiodonium chloride rescued the phosphatase and TJs expression and suppressed the expression of kinase and AJs in BMVECs exposed to ZIKV-NS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Rastogi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
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158
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Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGA, Zini N, Scamardi SN, Selvante JD, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Flavivirus Infection Associated with Cerebrovascular Events. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060671. [PMID: 32580374 PMCID: PMC7354470 DOI: 10.3390/v12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus Flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. Flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. Herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and Zika viruses in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for arbovirus circulation, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Our findings highlight the potential threat that unusual clinical manifestations may pose to arbovirus disease management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia F Estofolete
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno H G A Milhim
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel N Scamardi
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Selvante
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
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159
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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160
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Lai YC, Chao CH, Yeh TM. Roles of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Dengue Pathogenesis: From Pathogenic Factor to Therapeutic Target. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060891. [PMID: 32545679 PMCID: PMC7356240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection and can lead to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and even life-threatening dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Although the cytokine storm has been revealed as a critical factor in dengue disease, the limited understanding of dengue immunopathogenesis hinders the development of effective treatments. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that mediates diverse immune responses, and the serum level of MIF positively correlates with disease severity in patients with dengue. MIF is involved in DENV replication and many pathological changes, such as vascular leakage, during DENV infection. In this paper, the pathogenic roles of MIF and the regulation of MIF secretion during DENV infection are reviewed. Furthermore, whether MIF is a potential therapeutic target against DENV infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5778)
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161
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Espinosa DA, Beatty PR, Puerta-Guardo H, Islam MN, Belisle JT, Perera R, Harris E. Increased serum sialic acid is associated with morbidity and mortality in a murine model of dengue disease. J Gen Virol 2020; 100:1515-1522. [PMID: 31526452 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes the most prevalent arboviral infection of humans, resulting in a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection to dengue fever to severe dengue characterized by vascular leakage and shock. Previously, we determined that DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) induces endothelial hyperpermeability, disrupts the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) in vitro and triggers shedding of structural components, including sialic acid (Sia) and heparan sulfate. Here, using a murine model of dengue disease disease, we found high levels of Sia and NS1 circulating in mice with DENV-induced morbidity and lethal DENV infection. Further, we developed a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based method for quantifying free Sia in serum and determined that the levels of free N-glycolylneuraminic acid were significantly higher in DENV-infected mice than in uninfected controls. These data provide additional evidence that DENV infection disrupts EGL components in vivo and warrant further research assessing Sia as a biomarker of severe dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John T Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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162
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Syenina A, Vijaykrishna D, Gan ES, Tan HC, Choy MM, Siriphanitchakorn T, Cheng C, Vasudevan SG, Ooi EE. Positive epistasis between viral polymerase and the 3' untranslated region of its genome reveals the epidemiologic fitness of dengue virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11038-11047. [PMID: 32366663 PMCID: PMC7245076 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919287117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health threat, causing repeated epidemics throughout the tropical world. While low herd immunity levels to any one of the four antigenic types of DENV predispose populations to outbreaks, viral genetic determinants that confer greater fitness for epidemic spread is an important but poorly understood contributor of dengue outbreaks. Here we report that positive epistasis between the coding and noncoding regions of the viral genome combined to elicit an epidemiologic fitness phenotype associated with the 1994 DENV2 outbreak in Puerto Rico. We found that five amino acid substitutions in the NS5 protein reduced viral genomic RNA (gRNA) replication rate to achieve a more favorable and relatively more abundant subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA), a byproduct of host 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity. The resulting increase in sfRNA relative to gRNA levels not only inhibited type I interferon (IFN) expression in infected cells through a previously described mechanism, but also enabled sfRNA to compete with gRNA for packaging into infectious particles. We suggest that delivery of sfRNA to new susceptible cells to inhibit type I IFN induction before gRNA replication and without the need for further de novo sfRNA synthesis could form a "preemptive strike" strategy against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesa Syenina
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Esther Shuyi Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Milly M Choy
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Tanamas Siriphanitchakorn
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558 Singapore
| | - Colin Cheng
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Global Health Institute, 169857 Singapore
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163
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Durbin AP. Dengue vascular leak syndrome: insights into potentially new treatment modalities. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4072-4073. [PMID: 31449055 DOI: 10.1172/jci131170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are the most common cause of mosquito-borne viral illness in the world, affecting approximately 400 million people annually. Symptomatic illness ranges from a mild, self-limiting febrile illness to one manifested by plasma leakage that can lead to vascular collapse and death. In this issue of the JCI, Rathore et al. report that DENV can cause mast cell degranulation independently of mast cell infection, resulting in the release of the vasoactive mediators chymase and tryptase. The authors showed that recombinant chymase and tryptase increased endothelial permeability in a dose-dependent manner in human microvascular endothelial cells. They went on to evaluate the tryptase inhibitor nafamostat mesylate in a mouse model for severe DENV viremia. Strikingly, the potential therapeutic prevented and reversed the tryptase-induced vascular permeability. As there are currently no licensed drugs for the treatment of dengue, these findings present a possible treatment modality for severe disease.
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164
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Waggoner JJ, Katzelnick LC, Burger-Calderon R, Gallini J, Moore RH, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Pinsky BA, Harris E. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Severe Disease Is Mediated by Serum Viral Load in Pediatric Dengue Virus Infections. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:1846-1854. [PMID: 32236481 PMCID: PMC7213574 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody levels are associated with elevated disease severity. While antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue is thought to be driven by viral load, this has not been conclusively shown. We evaluated the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titers, viral load, and disease severity among 133 dengue cases in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort study. METHODS Viral load was quantified in acute-phase serum by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed in relation to preinfection antibody titer (measured by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and dengue severity, categorized using 3 definitions. RESULTS Higher viral load was significantly associated with dengue severity; for each increase of 1.0 log10 copies/mL, the odds of severe dengue increased approximately 50%, regardless of severity definition. Viral load at presentation and the odds of severe disease were highest among patients with low to intermediate preinfection antibody titers and lowest among those with the highest antibody titers. We showed the effect of preinfection antibody titer on disease severity was mediated by viral load for each of 3 dengue severity outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titer, serum viral load, and disease severity, and provides evidence for the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Julia Gallini
- Biostatistics Collaboration Core, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renee H Moore
- Biostatistics Collaboration Core, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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165
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Pierson TC, Diamond MS. The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:796-812. [PMID: 32367055 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are vector-borne RNA viruses that can emerge unexpectedly in human populations and cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, congenital abnormalities and fetal death. This epidemiological pattern has occurred numerous times during the last 70 years, including epidemics of dengue virus and West Nile virus, and the most recent explosive epidemic of Zika virus in the Americas. Flaviviruses are now globally distributed and infect up to 400 million people annually. Of significant concern, outbreaks of other less well-characterized flaviviruses have been reported in humans and animals in different regions of the world. The potential for these viruses to sustain epidemic transmission among humans is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the basic biology of flaviviruses, their infectious cycles, the diseases they cause and underlying host immune responses to infection. We describe flaviviruses that represent an established ongoing threat to global health and those that have recently emerged in new populations to cause significant disease. We also provide examples of lesser-known flaviviruses that circulate in restricted areas of the world but have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations. Finally, we discuss how an understanding of the epidemiology, biology, structure and immunity of flaviviruses can inform the rapid development of countermeasures to treat or prevent human infections as they emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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166
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Cunha MS, Luchs A, da Costa AC, Ribeiro GDO, Dos Santos FCP, Nogueira JS, Komninakis SV, Marinho RDSS, Witkin SS, Villanova F, Deng X, Sabino EC, Delwart E, Leal É, Nogueira ML, Maiorka PC. Detection and characterization of Ilheus and Iguape virus genomes in historical mosquito samples from Southern Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105401. [PMID: 32081658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, flaviviruses have caused massive outbreaks. Surveillance programs designed to monitor virus activity in vectors provides a system for mapping disease distribution and for identifying specific vector species for targeted control. The present study aimed to describe the detection, whole genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Ilheus virus (ILHV) and Iguape virus (IGUV) strains obtained from historical mosquito's samples. Twelve isolates of pooled mosquito specimens (inoculated in neonate mouse brain) collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1993, 1994 and 1997 were investigated. Viral RNA was extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR using Flavivirus genus-specific primers. Positive samples were sequenced and underwent phylogenetic analyses. Flavivirus was detected in 50% of the specimens. Positive samples were successfully Sanger sequenced. Three Anopholes cruzii pools collected in 1994 were positive for IGUV. One Culex sp. pool, one Anopheles triannulatus pool, and one Coquillettidia juxtamansonia pool, collected in 1994, were positive for ILHV. Metagenomic sequencing successfully characterize one ILHV and four IGUV full genomes, and revealed a high degree of homology between the Brazilian ILHV and IGUV strains and isolates available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ILHV NS5 gene revealed three distinct lineages (clades), an indication of genetic heterogeneity in strains circulating in Brazil. Nucleotide insertions and a high-level of nucleotide diversity were observed in the NS1 protein and capsid region of IGUV strains, respectively. Detection of ILHV and IGUV in mosquitoes from Southeastern Brazil confirms the historical circulation of these viruses in this area. Furthermore, this first evidence of ILHV in Anopheles triannulatus suggests the potential importance of Anopheles mosquitoes in the IGUV transmission cycle. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of these viruses provided insights into their diversity and evolution, which are important for the emergence patterns of flaviviruses and their evolutionary trends in Brazil, an endemic country for several arbovirus. in In-depth studies of ILHV and IGUV including vector competence and molecular studies are needed to shed light on their epidemiology and potential risk of future emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Silva Nogueira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil; Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Steven S Witkin
- Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, LIM/46, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Élcio Leal
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Maiorka
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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167
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Plotkin SA. Dengue Vaccine, A Double-Edged Sword. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; 9:107-109. [PMID: 30657941 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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168
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Hui L, Nie Y, Li S, Guo M, Yang W, Huang R, Chen J, Liu Y, Lu X, Chen Z, Yang Q, Wu Y. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 facilitates Zika virus invasion of the testis by modulating the integrity of the blood-testis barrier. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008509. [PMID: 32302362 PMCID: PMC7190178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a unique flavivirus with high tropism to the testes. ZIKV can persist in human semen for months and can cause testicular damage in male mice. However, the mechanisms through which ZIKV enters the testes remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was upregulated by ZIKV infection in cell culture and in A129 mice. Furthermore, using an in vitro Sertoli cell barrier model and MMP9-/- mice, we found that ZIKV infection directly affected the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and knockout or inhibition of MMP9 reduced the effects of ZIKV on the Sertoli cell BTB, highlighting its role in ZIKV-induced disruption of the BTB. Interestingly, the protein levels of MMP9 were elevated by ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in primary mouse Sertoli cells (mSCs) and other cell lines. Moreover, the interaction between NS1 and MMP9 induced the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MMP9, which enhanced the stability of MMP9. The upregulated MMP9 level led to the degradation of essential proteins involved in the maintenance of the BTB, such as tight junction proteins (TJPs) and type Ⅳ collagens. Collectively, we concluded that ZIKV infection promoted the expression of MMP9 which was further stabilized by NS1 induced K63-linked polyubiquitination to affect the TJPs/ type Ⅳ collagen network, thereby disrupting the BTB and facilitating ZIKV entry into the testes. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that shows high tropism to the testes and can persist in human semen for a long period. However, the entry mechanism of ZIKV into the testes has remained unclear. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-modulated ZIKV infection in mice. We showed that MMP9 was upregulated by ZIKV infection both in vivo and in vitro. ZIKV infection affected the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) through MMP9 mediated degradation of TJPs and type Ⅳ collagens that are critically involved in the maintenance of the BTB. Additionally, the interaction between MMP9 and ZIKV NS1 induced the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MMP9, which enhanced the stability and function of MMP9. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the mechanisms through which MMP9 disrupted the BTB and promoted ZIKV entry into the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moujian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junsen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyu Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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169
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Puerta-Guardo H, Glasner DR, Espinosa DA, Biering SB, Patana M, Ratnasiri K, Wang C, Beatty PR, Harris E. Flavivirus NS1 Triggers Tissue-Specific Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Reflecting Disease Tropism. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1598-1613.e8. [PMID: 30726741 PMCID: PMC6934102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause systemic or neurotropic-encephalitic pathology in humans. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and vascular leakage during dengue virus infection. However, the contribution of secreted NS1 from related flaviviruses to viral pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NS1 from dengue, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses selectively binds to and alters permeability of human endothelial cells from lung, dermis, umbilical vein, brain, and liver in vitro and causes tissue-specific vascular leakage in mice, reflecting the pathophysiology of each flavivirus. Mechanistically, each flavivirus NS1 leads to differential disruption of endothelial glycocalyx components, resulting in endothelial hyperpermeability. Our findings reveal the capacity of a secreted viral protein to modulate endothelial barrier function in a tissue-specific manner both in vitro and in vivo, potentially influencing virus dissemination and pathogenesis and providing targets for antiviral therapies and vaccine development. Puerta-Guardo et al. discover that five flavivirus NS1 proteins trigger hyperpermeability and vascular dysfunction in human endothelial cells and mice in a manner reflecting disease tropism. This tissue-specific tropism is partially determined by the capacity of NS1 to bind endothelial cells and is characterized by disruption of endothelial glycocalyx components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Patana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kalani Ratnasiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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170
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High Levels of Serum Angiopoietin 2 and Angiopoietin 2/1 Ratio at the Critical Stage of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Patients and Association with Clinical and Biochemical Parameters. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00436-19. [PMID: 31941693 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00436-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal changes of serum angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) associated with endothelial stability in dengue patients with different disease stages were studied. Serum Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels were measured in confirmed dengue fever (DF) patients on admission (DFA, n = 40) and discharge (DFD, n = 20); in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients on admission (DHFA, n = 40), at critical stage (DHFC, n = 36), and on discharge (DHFD, n = 20); and in healthy controls (HC, n = 25). DHFC had the highest serum Ang-2 and lowest Ang-1 levels compared to DFA, DHFA, and HC (P < 0.050). The ratio of serum Ang-2/Ang-1 in DHFC was the highest among all study categories tested (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between serum Ang-1 and platelet count in DHFA (Pearson r = 0.653, P < 0.001) and between Ang-1 and pulse pressure in DHFC (r = 0.636, P = 0.001). Using a cutoff value of 1.01 for the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio for DHFC, a sensitivity of 83.2% and a specificity of 81.2% discerning DF from DHF were obtained. Therefore, serum Ang-2/Ang-1 could be used as a biomarker for endothelial dysfunction in severe dengue at the critical stage.
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171
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Sun J, Du S, Zheng Z, Cheng G, Jin X. Defeat Dengue and Zika Viruses With a One-Two Punch of Vaccine and Vector Blockade. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:362. [PMID: 32265852 PMCID: PMC7100368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are two mosquito-borne flaviviruses afflicting nearly half of the world population. Human infection by these viruses can either be asymptomatic or manifest as clinical diseases from mild to severe. Despite more cases are presented as self-limiting febrile illness, severe dengue disease can be manifested as hemorrhagic fever and hemorrhagic shock syndrome, and ZIKV infection has been linked to increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy Guillain-Barre syndrome and central neural disease such as microcephaly. The current prevention and treatment of these infectious diseases are either non-satisfactory or entirely lacking. Because DENV and ZIKV have much similarities in genomic and structural features, almost identical mode of mosquito-mediated transmission, and probably the same pattern of host innate and adaptive immunity toward them, it is reasonable and often desirable to investigate these two viruses side-by-side, and thereby devise common countermeasures against both. Here, we review the existing knowledge on DENV and ZIKV regarding epidemiology, molecular virology, protective immunity and vaccine development, discuss recent new discoveries on the functions of flavivirus NS1 protein in viral pathogenesis and transmission, and propose a one-two punch strategy using vaccine and vector blockade to overcome antibody-dependent enhancement and defeat Dengue and Zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihang Zheng
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xia Jin, ;
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172
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Barbachano-Guerrero A, Endy TP, King CA. Dengue virus non-structural protein 1 activates the p38 MAPK pathway to decrease barrier integrity in primary human endothelial cells. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:484-496. [PMID: 32141809 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes an estimated 390 million infections worldwide annually, with severe forms of disease marked by vascular leakage. Endothelial cells (EC) are directly responsible for vascular homeostasis and are highly responsive to circulating mediators but are not commonly infected. DENV encodes seven non-structural (NS) proteins; with only one of those, NS1, secreted from infected cells and accumulating in the blood of patients. NS1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular permeability, but the mechanism is not completely understood. Here we used primary endothelial cells and an array of in vitro approaches to study the effect of NS1 in disease-relevant human ECs. Confocal microscopy demonstrated rapid NS1 internalization by ECs into endosomes with accumulation over time. Transcriptomic and pathway analysis showed significant changes in functions associated with EC homeostasis and vascular permeability. Functional significance of this activation was assessed by trans-endothelial electrical resistance and showed that NS1 induced rapid and transient loss in EC barrier function within 3 h post-treatment. To understand the molecular mechanism by which NS1 induced EC activation, we evaluated the stress-sensing p38 MAPK pathway known to be directly involved in EC permeability and inflammation. WB analysis of NS1-stimulated ECs showed clear activation of p38 MAPK and downstream effectors MAPKAPK-2 and HSP27 with chemical inhibition of the p38 MAP kinase pathway restoring barrier function. Our results suggest that DENV NS1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe dengue by activating the p38 MAPK in ECs, promoting increased permeability that characterizes severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Christine A King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY, USA
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173
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The journey of Zika to the developing brain. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3097-3115. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZika virus is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus originally isolated from humans in 1952. Following its re-emergence in Brazil in 2015, an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly to infected mothers was observed. Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised phenotypically by a smaller than average head size, and is usually developed in utero. The 2015 outbreak in the Americas led to the World Health Organisation declaring Zika a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Since then, much research into the effects of Zika has been carried out. Studies have investigated the structure of the virus, its effects on and evasion of the immune response, cellular entry including target receptors, its transmission from infected mother to foetus and its cellular targets. This review discusses current knowledge and novel research into these areas, in hope of developing a further understanding of how exposure of pregnant women to the Zika virus can lead to impaired brain development of their foetus. Although no longer considered an epidemic in the Americas, the mechanism by which Zika acts is still not comprehensively and wholly understood, and this understanding will be crucial in developing effective vaccines and treatments.
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174
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Ma X, Liu X, Feng J, Zhang D, Huang L, Li D, Yin L, Li L, Wang XZ. Fraxin Alleviates LPS-Induced ARDS by Downregulating Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Damages and Reducing Pulmonary Vascular Permeability. Inflammation 2020; 42:1901-1912. [PMID: 31273573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe acute disease that threatens human health, and few drugs that can effectively treat this disease are available. Fraxin, one of the main active ingredients of Cortex Fraxini, a Chinese herbal medicine, has presented various pharmacological and biological activities. However, the effects of fraxin on ARDS have yet to be reported. In the present study, the protective effect of fraxin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS in a mouse model was analyzed. Results from the hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that fraxin might alleviate pathological changes in the lung tissues of mice with ARDS. ELISA and Western blot results revealed that fraxin might inhibit the production of inflammatory factors, namely, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in the lungs. Thus, the inflammatory responses were reduced. Fraxin might inhibit the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation in lung tissues. Fraxin might increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to avoid oxidative damage. Vascular permeability was also assessed through Evans blue dye tissue extravasation and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin (FITC-albumin) leakage. Fraxin might inhibit the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability and relieve pulmonary edema. Fraxin was also related to the inhibition of the increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is a glycocalyx-degrading enzyme, and the relief of damages to the endothelial glycocalyx. Thus, fraxin elicited protective effects on mice with LPS-induced ARDS and might be used as a drug to cure ARDS induced by Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangyong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jiali Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Wang
- Department of Respirator Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, China
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175
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Srikiatkhachorn A. What translatable knowledge from dengue vaccine design can we pass onto future anti-parasitic vaccine development? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:391-395. [PMID: 32043379 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1718099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, College of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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176
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Niu C, Huang Y, Wang M, Huang D, Li J, Huang S, Yang F, Wan C, Zhang R. Differences in the Transmission of Dengue Fever by Different Serotypes of Dengue Virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:143-150. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Niu
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dana Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suibin Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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177
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Carr JM, Cabezas-Falcon S, Dubowsky JG, Hulme-Jones J, Gordon DL. Dengue virus and the complement alternative pathway. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2543-2555. [PMID: 31943152 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue disease is an inflammatory-driven pathology, and complement overactivation is linked to disease severity and vascular leakage. Additionally, dysregulation of complement alternative pathway (AP) components has been described, such as upregulation of complement factor D and downregulation of complement factor H (FH), which activate and inhibit the AP, respectively. Thus, the pathology of severe dengue could in part result from AP dysfunction, even though complement and AP activation usually provide protection against viral infections. In dengue virus-infected macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs), the site of replication and target for vascular pathology, respectively, the AP is activated. The AP activation, reduced FH and vascular leakage seen in dengue disease in part parallels other complement AP pathologies associated with FH deficiency, such as atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS can be therapeutically targeted with inhibitors of complement terminal activity, raising the idea that strategies such as inhibition of complement or delivery of FH or other complement regulatory components to EC may be beneficial to combat the vascular leakage seen in severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Carr
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sheila Cabezas-Falcon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,TGR Biosciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua G Dubowsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jarrod Hulme-Jones
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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178
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Acharya B, Gyeltshen S, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Significance of Autophagy in Dengue Virus Infection: A Brief Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:783-790. [PMID: 30761986 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes asymptomatic to severe life-threatening infections and affects millions of people worldwide. Autophagy, a cellular degradative pathway, has both proviral and antiviral functions. Dengue virus triggers the autophagy pathway for the successful replication of its genome. However, the exact mechanism and the viral factors involved in activating this pathway remain unclear. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the mechanism of autophagy induction and its significance during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Acharya
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Sonam Gyeltshen
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Thailand.,Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Thailand
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179
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Lin CK, Tseng CK, Wu YH, Lin CY, Huang CH, Wang WH, Liaw CC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Prostasin Impairs Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation to Suppress Dengue Virus Propagation. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1377-1388. [PMID: 30476206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV), a common and widely spread arbovirus, causes life-threatening diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. There is currently no effective therapeutic or preventive treatment for DENV infection. METHODS Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that prostasin expression was decreased upon DENV infection. Prostasin expression levels were confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with dengue fever and a DENV-infected mice model. Short hairpin RNA against EGFR and LY294002 were used to investigate the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Based on clinical studies, we first found relatively low expression of prostasin, a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protease, in blood samples from patients with dengue fever compared with healthy individuals and a high correlation of prostasin expression and DENV-2 RNA copy number. DENV infection significantly decreased prostasin RNA levels of in vivo and in vitro models. By contrast, exogenous expression of prostasin could protect ICR suckling mice from life-threatening DENV-2 infection. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of DENV propagation by prostasin was due to reducing expression of epithelial growth factor receptor, leading to suppression of the Akt/NF-κB-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that prostasin expression is a noteworthy clinical feature and a potential therapeutic target against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,PhD program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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180
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Sharma S, Shekhar S, Sharma B, Jain P. Decoding glycans: deciphering the sugary secrets to be coherent on the implication. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34099-34113. [PMID: 35519023 PMCID: PMC9056758 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoteric techniques, skills, and methodological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry have been instrumental in pertinent discoveries to pave way for a new era in biomedical sciences. Glycans are sugar-based polymers that coat cells and decorate majority of proteins, forming glycoproteins. They are also found deposited in extracellular spaces between cells, attached to soluble signaling molecules, and are key players in several biological processes including regulation of immune responses and cell–cell interactions. Laboratory manipulations of protein, DNA and other macromolecules celebrate the accelerated research in respective fields, but the same seems unlikely for the complex sugar polymers. The structural complex polymers are neither synthesized using a known template nor are dynamically stable with respect to a cell's metabolic rate. What is more, sugar isomers—structurally distinct molecules with the same chemical formula—can be employed to construct varied glycans, but are almost impossible to tell apart based on molecular weight alone. The apparent lack of a glycan alphabet further reflects on an enduring question: how little do we know about the sugars? Evidently, glycan-based therapeutic potentials and glycomimetics are propitious advances for the future that have not been well exploited, and with a few conspicuous anomalies. Here, we contour the most notable contributions to enhance our ability to utilize the complex glycans as therapeutics. Diagnostic strategies concerning recurrent diseases and headways to address the challenges are also discussed. A glycan toolbox for pathogenic and cancerous interventions. The review article sheds light on the sweet secrets of this complex structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology
- India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology
- India
| | - Bhasha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology
- India
| | - Purnima Jain
- Department of Chemistry
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology
- India
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181
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Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y. A systematic and reverse vaccinology approach to design novel subunit vaccines against Dengue virus type-1 (DENV-1) and human Papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16). INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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182
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Coudeville L, Baurin N, Shepard DS. The potential impact of dengue vaccination with, and without, pre-vaccination screening. Vaccine 2019; 38:1363-1369. [PMID: 31879126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization defined a 'screen and vaccinate' strategy as its recommended policy for the licensed dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur), so that only individuals with previous dengue infection are vaccinated. The objectives of the present study were to build upon a recently published analysis of the benefits and risks associated with dengue vaccination to evaluate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of a screen and vaccinate strategy. METHODS The current analysis was based on a previously reported transmission model and added, for the screening part, three rapid diagnostic tests with identical specificity (99%) but alternative sensitivities (50-70-90%) in the detection of prior dengue infection. The impact of a screen-and-vaccinate strategy considered nine settings representing different levels of transmission intensity. Outcomes (dengue-related hospitalizations, severe dengue, and symptomatic dengue) were assessed according to the level of transmission setting. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination in 10 endemic countries was also assessed. RESULTS Although associated, in most cases, with a lower population impact than a 'no-screening' approach, a screen and vaccinate strategy is more effective in reducing the number of hospitalized and severe cases prevented per vaccination performed and generates positive health benefits for individuals screened and subsequently vaccinated. As a result, this intervention is cost-effective in all countries considered except for very low transmission settings. The overall population impact of a screen and vaccinate approach is also likely to be improved by the use of several rounds of screening (up to 48% reduction in dengue hospitalization over 10 years with 5 rounds). CONCLUSIONS WHO recommended option of a screen and vaccinate policy is likely to have a positive impact both at the individual and population level across a wide range of transmission settings and has the potential to be as, if not more, cost-effective than a no screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Baurin
- Vaccination Value Modelling, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Donald S Shepard
- Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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183
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Blight J, Alves E, Reyes-Sandoval A. Considering Genomic and Immunological Correlates of Protection for a Dengue Intervention. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E203. [PMID: 31816907 PMCID: PMC6963661 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over three billion are at risk of dengue infection with more than 100 million a year presenting with symptoms that can lead to deadly haemorrhagic disease. There are however no treatments available and the only licensed vaccine shows limited efficacy and is able to enhance the disease in some cases. These failures have mainly been due to the complex pathology and lack of understanding of the correlates of protection for dengue virus (DENV) infection. With increasing data suggesting both a protective and detrimental effect for antibodies and CD8 T-cells whilst having complex environmental dynamics. This review discusses the roles of genomic and immunological aspects of DENV infection, providing both a historical interpretation and fresh discussion on how this information can be used for the next generation of dengue interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Blight
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.B.); (E.A.)
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eduardo Alves
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.B.); (E.A.)
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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184
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Grubor-Bauk B, Wijesundara DK, Masavuli M, Abbink P, Peterson RL, Prow NA, Larocca RA, Mekonnen ZA, Shrestha A, Eyre NS, Beard MR, Gummow J, Carr J, Robertson SA, Hayball JD, Barouch DH, Gowans EJ. NS1 DNA vaccination protects against Zika infection through T cell-mediated immunity in immunocompetent mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2388. [PMID: 31844662 PMCID: PMC6905874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The causal association of Zika virus (ZIKV) with microcephaly, congenital malformations in infants, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults highlights the need for effective vaccines. Thus far, efforts to develop ZIKV vaccines have focused on the viral envelope. ZIKV NS1 as a vaccine immunogen has not been fully explored, although it can circumvent the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection, associated with envelope antibodies. Here, we describe a novel DNA vaccine encoding a secreted ZIKV NS1, that confers rapid protection from systemic ZIKV infection in immunocompetent mice. We identify novel NS1 T cell epitopes in vivo and show that functional NS1-specific T cell responses are critical for protection against ZIKV infection. We demonstrate that vaccine-induced anti-NS1 antibodies fail to confer protection in the absence of a functional T cell response. This highlights the importance of using NS1 as a target for T cell-based ZIKV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Grubor-Bauk
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. K. Wijesundara
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - M. Masavuli
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - P. Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - R. L. Peterson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - N. A. Prow
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - R. A. Larocca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Z. A. Mekonnen
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - A. Shrestha
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - N. S. Eyre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - M. R. Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. Gummow
- Gene Silencing and Expression Core Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - S. A. Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - D. H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - E. J. Gowans
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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185
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Montes-Grajales D, Puerta-Guardo H, Espinosa DA, Harris E, Caicedo-Torres W, Olivero-Verbel J, Martínez-Romero E. In silico drug repurposing for the identification of potential candidate molecules against arboviruses infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104668. [PMID: 31786251 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral diseases caused by dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses represent a major public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical areas where millions of infections occur every year. The aim of this research was to identify candidate molecules for the treatment of these diseases among the drugs currently available in the market, through in silico screening and subsequent in vitro evaluation with cell culture models of DENV and ZIKV infections. Numerous pharmaceutical compounds from antibiotics to chemotherapeutic agents presented high in silico binding affinity for the viral proteins, including ergotamine, antrafenine, natamycin, pranlukast, nilotinib, itraconazole, conivaptan and novobiocin. These five last compounds were tested in vitro, being pranlukast the one that exhibited the best antiviral activity. Further in vitro assays for this compound showed a significant inhibitory effect on DENV and ZIKV infection of human monocytic cells and human hepatocytes (Huh-7 cells) with potential abrogation of virus entry. Finally, intrinsic fluorescence analyses suggest that pranlukast may have some level of interaction with three viral proteins of DENV: envelope, capsid, and NS1. Due to its promising results, suitable accessibility in the market and reduced restrictions compared to other pharmaceuticals; the anti-asthmatic pranlukast is proposed as a drug candidate against DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV, supporting further in vitro and in vivo assessment of the potential of this and other lead compounds that exhibited good affinity scores in silico as therapeutic agents or scaffolds for the development of new drugs against arboviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - William Caicedo-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación de Tecnologías Aplicadas y Sistemas de Información, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca-Morelos 565-A, Mexico
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186
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Pan P, Zhang Q, Liu W, Wang W, Yu Z, Lao Z, Zhang W, Shen M, Wan P, Xiao F, Shereen MA, Zhang W, Tan Q, Liu Y, Liu X, Wu K, Liu Y, Li G, Wu J. Dengue Virus Infection Activates Interleukin-1β to Induce Tissue Injury and Vascular Leakage. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2637. [PMID: 31824450 PMCID: PMC6883832 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes several diseases ranging from dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular leakage, and shock. Here, we identify a potential mechanism by which DENV induces tissue injury and vascular leakage by promoting the activation of interleukin (IL)-1β. DENV facilitates IL-1β secretion in infected patients, mice, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and monocyte-differentiated macrophages (THP-1) via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The accumulated data suggest that IL-1β probably induces vascular leakage and tissue injury in interferon-alpha/beta receptor 1 deficient C57BL/6 mice (IFNAR–/– C57BL/6), whereas IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) alleviates these effects of IL-1β. Finally, administration of recombinant IL-1β protein results in vascular leakage and tissue injury in C57BL/6 mice. Together, the accumulated results demonstrate that IL-1β contributes to DENV-associated pathology and suggest that IL-1RA acts as a potential agent for the treatment of DENV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Guangdong LongFan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- Guangdong LongFan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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187
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Sanaki T, Wakabayashi M, Yoshioka T, Yoshida R, Shishido T, Hall WW, Sawa H, Sato A. Inhibition of dengue virus infection by 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol in vitro. FASEB J 2019; 33:13866-13881. [PMID: 31638831 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). Despite the significant public health concerns posed by DENV, there are currently no effective anti-DENV therapeutic agents. To develop such drugs, a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of DENV infection is needed. Both lipid metabolism and lipid synthesis are activated in DENV-infected cells, so we used lipid screening to identify potential antiviral lipid molecules. We identified 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol (SAPI), which is the most abundant endogenous phosphatidylinositol (PI) molecular species, as an anti-DENV lipid molecule. SAPI suppressed the cytopathic effects induced by DENV2 infection as well as the replication of all DENV serotypes without inhibiting the entry of DENV2 into host cells. However, no other PI molecular species or PI metabolites, including lysophosphatidylinositols and phosphoinositides, displayed anti-DENV2 activity. Furthermore, SAPI suppressed the production of DENV2 infection-induced cytokines and chemokines, including C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5, CCL20, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8, IL-6, and IFN-β. SAPI also suppressed the TNF-α production induced by LPS stimulation in macrophage cells differentiated from THP-1 cells. Our results demonstrated that SAPI is an endogenous inhibitor of DENV and modulated inflammatory responses in DENV2-infected cells, at least in part via TLR 4.-Sanaki, T., Wakabayashi, M., Yoshioka, T., Yoshida, R., Shishido, T., Hall, W. W., Sawa, H., Sato, A. Inhibition of dengue virus infection by 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sanaki
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Wakabayashi
- Biomarker Research and Development Department, Shionogi and Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshioka
- Biomarker Research and Development Department, Shionogi and Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Shishido
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (Gi-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and.,Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (Gi-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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188
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Nelemans T, Kikkert M. Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100961. [PMID: 31635238 PMCID: PMC6832425 DOI: 10.3390/v11100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-)emerging human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in particular, the interferon response form the important first line of defence against these viruses. Given their genetic flexibility, these viruses have therefore developed multiple strategies to evade the innate immune response in order to optimize their replication capacity. Already many molecular mechanisms of innate immune evasion by +ssRNA viruses have been identified. However, research addressing the effect of host innate immune evasion on the pathology caused by viral infections is less prevalent in the literature, though very relevant and interesting. Since interferons have been implicated in inflammatory diseases and immunopathology in addition to their protective role in infection, antagonizing the immune response may have an ambiguous effect on the clinical outcome of the viral disease. Therefore, this review discusses what is currently known about the role of interferons and host immune evasion in the pathogenesis of emerging coronaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Nelemans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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189
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Dengue Virus M Protein Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation To Induce Vascular Leakage in Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00996-19. [PMID: 31413130 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00996-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes serious clinical symptoms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular permeability change is the main feature of the diseases, and the abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines is the important cause of vascular permeability change. However, the mechanism underlying vascular permeability induced by DENV has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reveal a distinct mechanism by which DENV infection promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) release to induce endothelial permeability and vascular leakage in mice. DENV M protein interacts with NLRP3 to facilitate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation, which induce proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β activation and release. Notably, M can induce vascular leakage in mouse tissues by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β. More importantly, inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue injuries are induced by M in wild-type (WT) mouse tissues, but they are not affected by M in NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-/-) mouse tissues. Evans blue intensities in WT mouse tissues are significantly higher than in NLRP3-/- mouse tissues, demonstrating an essential role of NLRP3 in M-induced vascular leakages in mice. Therefore, we propose that upon DENV infection, M interacts with NLRP3 to facilitate inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion, which lead to the induction of endothelial permeability and vascular leakage in mouse tissues. The important role of the DENV-M-NLRP3-IL-1β axis in the induction of vascular leakage provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying DENV pathogenesis and DENV-associated DHF and DSS development.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen, and infections by this virus are prevalent in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries or regions, with approximately 2.5 billion people at risk. DENV infection induces a spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from classical dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying DENV pathogenesis. In this study, we reveal that the DENV membrane protein (M) interacts with the host NLRP3 protein to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which leads to the activation and release of a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). More importantly, we demonstrate that M protein can induce vascular permeability and vascular leakage and that NLRP3 is required for M-induced vascular leakage in mouse tissues. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mechanism underlying DENV pathogeneses and provides new insights into the development of therapeutic agents for DENV-associated diseases.
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190
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Halstead S, Wilder-Smith A. Severe dengue in travellers: pathogenesis, risk and clinical management. J Travel Med 2019; 26:5551100. [PMID: 31423536 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE FOR REVIEW Dengue is a frequent cause of febrile illness among travellers and has overtaken malaria as the leading cause of febrile illness for those traveling to Southeast Asia. The purpose is to review the risk of dengue and severe dengue in travellers with a particular focus on the pathogenesis and clinical management of severe dengue. RISK, PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT The risk of travel-acquired dengue depends on destination, season and duration of travel and activities during travel. Seroconversion rates reported in travellers, therefore, vary between <1% and >20%. The most common life-threatening clinical response to dengue infection is the dengue vascular permeability syndrome, epidemiologically linked to secondary infection, but can also occur in primary infection. Tertiary and quaternary infections are usually associated with mild or no disease. Antibody-dependent enhancement, viral factors, age, host factors and clinical experience of the managing physician modulate the risk of progressing to severe dengue. The relative risk of severe dengue in secondary versus primary infection ranges from 2 to 7. The absolute risk of severe dengue in children in highly endemic areas is ~0.1% per year for primary infections and 0.4% for secondary infections. About 2-4% of secondary infections lead to severe dengue. Severe dengue and death are both relatively rare in general travellers but more frequently in those visiting friends and relatives. Clinical management of severe dengue depends on judicious use of fluid rehydration. CONCLUSIONS Although dengue is a frequent cause of travel illness, severe dengue and deaths are rare. Nevertheless, dengue infections can interrupt travel and lead to evacuation and major out-of-pocket costs. Dengue is more frequent than many other travel-related vaccine preventable diseases, such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever, indicating a need for a dengue vaccine for travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Halstead
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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191
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Lin CY, Kolliopoulos C, Huang CH, Tenhunen J, Heldin CH, Chen YH, Heldin P. High levels of serum hyaluronan is an early predictor of dengue warning signs and perturbs vascular integrity. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:425-441. [PMID: 31526718 PMCID: PMC6838418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A main pathological feature of severe dengue virus infection is endothelial hyper-permeability. The dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been implicated in the vascular leakage that characterizes severe dengue virus infection, however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not known. METHODS A cohort of 250 dengue patients has been followed from the onset of symptoms to the recovery phase. Serum hyaluronan levels and several other clinical parameters were recorded. The effect of NS1 treatment of cultured fibroblasts and endothelial cells on the expressions of hyaluronan synthetic and catabolic enzymes and the hyaluronan receptor CD44, were determined, as have the effects on the formation of hyaluronan-rich matrices and endothelial permeability. FINDINGS Elevated serum hyaluronan levels (≥70 ng/ml) during early infection was found to be an independent predictor for occurrence of warning signs, and thus severe dengue fever. High circulating levels of the viral protein NS1, indicative of disease severity, correlated with high concentrations of serum hyaluronan. NS1 exposure decreased the expression of CD44 in differentiating endothelial cells impairing the integrity of vessel-like structures, and promoted the synthesis of hyaluronan in dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells in synergy with dengue-induced pro-inflammatory mediators. Deposited hyaluronan-rich matrices around cells cultured in vitro recruited CD44-expressing macrophage-like cells, suggesting a mechanism for enhancement of inflammation. In cultured endothelial cells, perturbed hyaluronan-CD44 interactions enhanced endothelial permeability through modulation of VE-cadherin and cytoskeleton re-organization, and exacerbated the NS1-induced disruption of endothelial integrity. INTERPRETATION Pharmacological targeting of hyaluronan biosynthesis and/or its CD44-mediated signaling may limit the life-threatening vascular leakiness during moderate-to-severe dengue virus infection. FUND: This work was supported in part by grants from the Swedish Cancer Society (2018/337; 2016/445), the Swedish Research Council (2015-02757), the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (106-2314-B-037-088- and 106-2915-I-037-501-), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH103-3 T05) and Academy of Finland. The funders played no role in the design, interpretation or writing of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Infection Control Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Constantinos Kolliopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Infection Control Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyrki Tenhunen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Critical Care Medicine Research Group, Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Deparent of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan.
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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192
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Faheem M, Barbosa Lima JC, Jamal SB, Silva PA, Barbosa JARG. An insight into dengue virus proteins as potential drug/vaccine targets. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus that belongs to family flaviviridae. Its genome is composed of a single stranded RNA molecule that encodes a single polyprotein. The polyprotein is processed by viral and cellular proteases to generate ten viral proteins. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of DENV (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4), which are genetically related. Although protein variability is a major problem in dengue treatment, the functional and structural studies of individual proteins are equally important in treatment development. The data accumulated on dengue proteins are significant to provide detailed understanding of viral infection, replication, host-immune evasion and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarized the detailed current knowledge about DENV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Post-graduate program of Genomics Sciences & Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Cunha Barbosa Lima
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Paula Andreia Silva
- Post-graduate program of Genomics Sciences & Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF 70790-160, Brazil
| | - João Alexandre Ribeiro Gonçalves Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Post-graduate program of Genomics Sciences & Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF 70790-160, Brazil
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193
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Watanabe Y, Bowden TA, Wilson IA, Crispin M. Exploitation of glycosylation in enveloped virus pathobiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1480-1497. [PMID: 31121217 PMCID: PMC6686077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to glycosylate their own proteins during replication. Viral envelope proteins from a variety of human pathogens including HIV-1, influenza virus, Lassa virus, SARS, Zika virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus have evolved to be extensively glycosylated. These host-cell derived glycans facilitate diverse structural and functional roles during the viral life-cycle, ranging from immune evasion by glycan shielding to enhancement of immune cell infection. In this review, we highlight the imperative and auxiliary roles glycans play, and how specific oligosaccharide structures facilitate these functions during viral pathogenesis. We discuss the growing efforts to exploit viral glycobiology in the development of anti-viral vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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194
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) are major re-emerging public health problem worldwide. In spite of intense research, DENV pathogenesis is not fully understood and remains enigmatic; however, current evidence suggests that dengue progression is associated with an inflammatory response, mainly in patients suffering from a second DENV infection. Monocytes are one of the main target cells of DENV infection and play an important role in pathogenesis since they are known to produce several inflammatory cytokines that can lead to endothelial dysfunction and therefore vascular leak. In addition, monocytes play an important role in antibody dependent enhancement, infection with consequences in viral load and immune response. Despite the physiological functions of monocytes in immune response, their life span in the bloodstream is very short, and activation of monocytes by DENV infection can trigger different types of cell death. For example, DENV can induce apoptosis in monocytes related with the production of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, recent studies have shown that DENV-infected monocytes also exhibit a cell death process mediated by caspase-1 activation together with IL-1 production, referred to as pyroptosis. Taken together, the aforementioned studies strongly depict that multiple cell death pathways may be occurring in monocytes upon DENV-2 infection. This review provides insight into mechanisms of DENV-induced death of both monocytes and other cell types for a better understanding of this process. Further knowledge in cell death induced by DENV will help in the developing novel strategies to prevent disease progression.
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195
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Furnon W, Fender P, Confort MP, Desloire S, Nangola S, Kitidee K, Leroux C, Ratinier M, Arnaud F, Lecollinet S, Boulanger P, Hong SS. Remodeling of the Actin Network Associated with the Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) of West Nile Virus and Formation of NS1-Containing Tunneling Nanotubes. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100901. [PMID: 31569658 PMCID: PMC6832617 DOI: 10.3390/v11100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to the recombinant NS1 protein of West Nile virus (NS1WNV) was studied using three different cell types: Vero E6 simian epithelial cells, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, and U-87MG human astrocytoma cells. Cells were exposed to two different forms of NS1WNV: (i) the exogenous secreted form, sNS1WNV, added to the extracellular milieu; and (ii) the endogenous NS1WNV, the intracellular form expressed in plasmid-transfected cells. The cell attachment and uptake of sNS1WNV varied with the cell type and were only detectable in Vero E6 and SH-SY5Y cells. Addition of sNS1WNV to the cell culture medium resulted in significant remodeling of the actin filament network in Vero E6 cells. This effect was not observed in SH-SY5Y and U-87MG cells, implying that the cellular uptake of sNS1WNV and actin network remodeling were dependent on cell type. In the three cell types, NS1WNV-expressing cells formed filamentous projections reminiscent of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). These TNT-like projections were found to contain actin and NS1WNV proteins. Interestingly, similar actin-rich, TNT-like filaments containing NS1WNV and the viral envelope glycoprotein EWNV were also observed in WNV-infected Vero E6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Furnon
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Pascal Fender
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5075, 38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marie-Pierre Confort
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Sophie Desloire
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Sawitree Nangola
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research & Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Caroline Leroux
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Maxime Ratinier
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
- EPHE, PSL Research University, INRA, Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR754, IVPC, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Frédérick Arnaud
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
- EPHE, PSL Research University, INRA, Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR754, IVPC, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR-1161 Virology, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL on Equine Diseases, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
| | - Saw-See Hong
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA, EPHE, IVPC, UMR754, Viral Infections & Comparative Pathology, Cedex 07, 69366 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 101, rue de Tolbiac, Cedex 13, 75654 Paris, France.
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196
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Haltaufderhyde K, Srikiatkhachorn A, Green S, Macareo L, Park S, Kalayanarooj S, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Activation of Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells During Acute Dengue Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1675-1685. [PMID: 29917084 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular helper T cells (TFH) are specialized CD4 T cells required for B-cell help and antibody production. Methods Given the postulated role of immune activation in dengue disease, we measured the expansion and activation of TFH in the circulation (peripheral TFH [pTFH]) collected from Thai children with laboratory-confirmed acute dengue virus (DENV) infection. Results We found significant expansion and activation of pTFH subsets during acute infection with the highest frequencies of activated pTFH (PD1hi pTFH and PD1+CD38+ pTFH) detected during the critical phase of illness. Numbers of activated pTFH were higher in patients with secondary compared with primary infections and in patients with more severe disease. We also found a positive correlation between the frequencies of activated pTFH and the frequencies of plasmablasts. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first ex vivo analysis of pTFH activation during acute DENV infection. Overall, our study supports the model that pTFH contribute to disease evolution during the critical stage of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Haltaufderhyde
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Sharone Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Louis Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
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197
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Kuczera D, Assolini JP, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Pavanelli WR, Silveira GF. Highlights for Dengue Immunopathogenesis: Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Cytokine Storm, and Beyond. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:69-80. [PMID: 29443656 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to death. It is estimated that the disease manifests only in 90 million cases out of the total 390 million yearly infections. Even though research has not yet elucidated which are the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger severe forms of dengue, the infection elicits a critical immune response significant for dengue pathogenesis development. Understanding how the immune response to DENV is established and how it can resolve the infection or turn into an immunopathology is of great importance in DENV research. Currently, studies have extensively debated 2 hypotheses involving immune response: antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. However, despite its undeniable importance in severe forms of the disease, these 2 hypotheses are based on a primed immune status resulting from previous heterologous infection, abstaining them from explaining the severe forms of dengue in naive immune subjects, for example. Thus, it seems that a more intricate arrangement of causes and conditions must be achieved to severe dengue to occur. Among them, the cytokine network signature elicited, in association with viral aspects deserves special attention regarding the establishment of infection and evolution to pathogenesis. In this work, we intend to shed light on how those elements contribute to severe dengue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Kuczera
- 1 Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas , ICC/Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Assolini
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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198
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Stauft CB, Song Y, Gorbatsevych O, Pantoja P, Rodriguez IV, Futcher B, Sariol CA, Wimmer E. Extensive genomic recoding by codon-pair deoptimization selective for mammals is a flexible tool to generate attenuated vaccine candidates for dengue virus 2. Virology 2019; 537:237-245. [PMID: 31539771 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) are the leading etiologic agent of disease caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in the world, with billions at risk of DENV infection spread by infected mosquitoes. DENV causes illness ranging from dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV proliferates well in two different host systems, an invertebrate mosquito vector and vertebrate primate host, which have a distinct difference in their preference of codon pairs (CP) for translation (different "codon pair bias"). Consequently, arboviruses must delicately balance the use of codon pairs between mammals and arthropods, which presents an Achilles' heel that we have exploited by specifically shifting the codon pair preference in the E and NS3 ORFs away from mammals while keeping the CPB favorable for mosquito ORFs. Here we report that recoding of the ORFs has led to variants that were over-attenuated in rhesus macaques although induction of protective antibodies in animals vaccinated with the smallest recoded ORF (E) was observed. The flexibility of our synthetic vaccine design (by decreasing the number of unfavorable CPs in the E ORF), allowed us to construct two new vaccine candidates (EhminA and EhminB) with intermediate attenuation in cell culture and neonatal mice, a result demonstrating proof of concept. New DENV vaccine candidates are being developed based on selective attenuation by dramatic recoding, with flexibility in balancing the attenuation and immunogenicity by marrying rational design and empirical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Stauft
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Yutong Song
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Oleksandr Gorbatsevych
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Virology Laboratory, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Idia V Rodriguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Virology Laboratory, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Bruce Futcher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Virology Laboratory, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - Eckard Wimmer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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199
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Kao YS, Yu CY, Huang HJ, Tien SM, Wang WY, Yang M, Anderson R, Yeh TM, Lin YS, Wan SW. Combination of Modified NS1 and NS3 as a Novel Vaccine Strategy against Dengue Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1909-1917. [PMID: 31451673 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a range of illness, including dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. DENV nonstructural protein (NS) 1 has been considered to be a desirable vaccine candidate for its ability to induce Ab and complement-dependent cytolysis of DENV-infected cells as well as to block the pathogenic effects of NS1. However a potential drawback of NS1 as a vaccine is that anti-DENV NS1 Abs can lead to endothelial cell damage and platelet dysfunction by antigenic cross-reactivity. Therefore, we modified the DENV NS1 by replacing the C-terminal cross-reactive epitopes with the corresponding region of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 to generate a chimeric DJ NS1 protein. Active immunization with DJ NS1 induced a strong Ab response. To enhance cellular immunity, we further combined DJ NS1 with DENV NS3 to immunize mice and showed activation of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to Ab responses. We further detected NS3-specific CTL activities as well as CD107a expression of effector cells. Importantly, the protective effects attributed by DJ NS1 and NS3 immunization were demonstrated in a DENV-infected mouse model by reduced viral titers, soluble NS1 levels, mouse tail bleeding time, and vascular leakage at skin injection sites. Collectively, the results from this study reveal the humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective effects conferred by DJ NS1 and NS3 immunization in the mouse model of DENV infection and provide a potential strategy for dengue vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-San Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jyun Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Mao Tien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Martyr Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; and
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; and
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; and .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
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200
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Halstead SB, Dans LF. Dengue infection and advances in dengue vaccines for children. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:734-741. [PMID: 31378686 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses are endemic in most tropical and subtropical countries where they produce disease ranging from a mild fever to a severe, potentially fatal vascular permeability syndrome. We reviewed the status of development and testing in children of three vaccines designed to protect against the four dengue viruses. The first dengue virus vaccine, Dengvaxia, now licensed in 20 endemic countries, the EU and the USA, provides protection against severe dengue in seropositive individuals but increases the risk for naive recipients to develop severe dengue and to be hospitalised. We discuss mechanisms and implications of shortcomings of the licensed vaccine and describe the structure and attributes of two other dengue virus vaccines. Based upon human dengue challenge studies, one of these vaccines promises to deliver solid, long-lasting immunity after a single dose. Because dengue virus infections are ubiquitous in residents and visitors to tropical countries, in the absence of a protective vaccine paediatricians should recognise the early signs and clinical presentation of severe dengue, understand its pathophysiology and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Halstead
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Leonila F Dans
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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