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Hannan M, Kringle E, Hwang CL, Laddu D. Behavioral Medicine for Sedentary Behavior, Daily Physical Activity, and Exercise to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:48. [PMID: 34226989 PMCID: PMC8257263 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Behavioral medicine is a multidisciplinary field that has a key role in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this review is to describe the role of behavioral medicine for CVD prevention, using physical activity behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior, daily physical activity, or exercise) as an exemplar. Application of behavioral medicine to improve dietary behaviors is also briefly discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Behavioral medicine interventions that address physical activity behaviors are associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors. Interventions framed in behavior change theory that integrate behavior change techniques to reduce sedentary behavior and promote daily physical activity and exercise have similarly been applied to improve certain dietary behaviors and show promise for reducing CVD risk factors. Behavioral medicine has an important role in improving various physical activity behaviors for all populations, which is essential for preventing or managing CVD. Further investigation into behavioral medicine interventions that address personal, environmental, and social factors that influence participation in physical activity behaviors, as well as the adoption of a more optimal dietary pattern, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hannan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emily Kringle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cheuh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor Street (MC 898), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor Street (MC 898), Chicago, IL USA
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152
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Fukushima N, Kikuchi H, Amagasa S, Machida M, Kitabayashi M, Hayashi T, Odagiri Y, Takamiya T, Inoue S. Exposure to prolonged sedentary behavior on weekdays rather than weekends in white-collar workers in comparison with blue-collar workers. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12246. [PMID: 34275174 PMCID: PMC8286449 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) on weekdays and weekends has been mainly assessed in white-collar workers, while data in blue-collar workers are sparse. Therefore, this study presented the difference in accelerometer-measured SB levels between weekdays and weekends, stratified by white- and blue-collar occupations. METHODS This study was a sub-analysis of accelerometer data from 73 workers (31 blue-collar and 42 white-collar) at a Japanese manufacturing plant. SB was defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents estimated using an accelerometer, and compared between weekdays and weekends by using mixed models adjusted for confounders. The proportion of workers who sat for ≤8 h/day on weekdays and weekends were compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS In white-collar workers, SB time on weekdays was significantly longer than that on weekends (598 vs 479 min/day, P < .001). In blue-collar workers, there was no significant difference in SB time between weekdays and weekends (462 vs 485 min/day, P = .43). The proportion of workers who achieved the recommended SB levels (≤8 h) was only 4.8% for white-collar workers on weekdays and 54.8% on weekends (P = .04), while that of blue-collar workers was 45.2% and 58.1% respectively (P > .99). CONCLUSIONS White-collar workers were exposed to significantly longer SB time on weekdays than on weekends, which was not the case in blue-collar workers. It may be rather challenging for white-collar workers to limit their SB time to the level recommended by the latest guidelines for better health, especially on weekdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Makiko Kitabayashi
- Faculty of Health and NutritionYamagata Prefectural Yonezawa University of Nutrition SciencesYamagataJapan
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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153
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Janssen X, Fleming L, Kirk A, Rollins L, Young D, Grealy M, MacDonald B, Flowers P, Williams L. Changes in Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep across the COVID-19 National Lockdown Period in Scotland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9362. [PMID: 33327556 PMCID: PMC7765067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and concomitant restrictions (i.e., lockdown) on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sitting, sleep) in a purposive sample of people (n = 3230) reporting change recruited online. Participants' self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), walking, sitting and sleep prior to lockdown (T1), during the first national lockdown (T2) and as restrictions initially started to ease (T3). For each 24-hour movement behavior, category-shifts are reported (positive, negative or did not change), as well as the percentage of participants recording positive/negative changes across clusters of behaviors and the percentage of participants recording improvement or maintenance of change across time. From T1 to T2 walking decreased, whereas MVPA, sitting and sleep increased, from T2 to T3 levels returned to pre-lockdown for all but MVPA. Participants who changed one behavior positively were more likely to report a positive change in another and 50% of those who reported positive changes from T1 to T2 maintained or improved further when restrictions started to ease. The current study showed that a large proportion of the sample reported positive changes, most notably those displaying initially poor levels of each behavior. These findings will inform salutogenic intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Leanne Fleming
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lesley Rollins
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - David Young
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XH, UK;
| | - Madeleine Grealy
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Bradley MacDonald
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lynn Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
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154
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Ding D, Mutrie N, Bauman A, Pratt M, Hallal PRC, Powell KE. Physical activity guidelines 2020: comprehensive and inclusive recommendations to activate populations. Lancet 2020; 396:1780-1782. [PMID: 33248019 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro R C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Bairro Centro-Pelotas, Brazil
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155
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Tremblay MS, Rollo S, Saunders TJ. Sedentary Behavior Research Network members support new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:479-481. [PMID: 33071162 PMCID: PMC7749241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Scott Rollo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
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156
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Stamatakis E, Bauman AE. The bold sedentary behavior recommendations in the new Canadian guidelines: are they evidence-based? Response to "Sedentary Behavior Research Network members support new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations". JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:482-484. [PMID: 33071163 PMCID: PMC7749232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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157
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Ross R, Chaput JP, Giangregorio LM, Janssen I, Saunders TJ, Kho ME, Poitras VJ, Tomasone JR, El-Kotob R, McLaughlin EC, Duggan M, Carrier J, Carson V, Chastin SF, Latimer-Cheung AE, Chulak-Bozzer T, Faulkner G, Flood SM, Gazendam MK, Healy GN, Katzmarzyk PT, Kennedy W, Lane KN, Lorbergs A, Maclaren K, Marr S, Powell KE, Rhodes RE, Ross-White A, Welsh F, Willumsen J, Tremblay MS. Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:S57-S102. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology assembled a Consensus Panel representing national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users and followed an established guideline development procedure to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These guidelines underscore the importance of movement behaviours across the whole 24-h day. The development process followed the strategy outlined in the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. A large body of evidence was used to inform the guidelines including 2 de novo systematic reviews and 4 overviews of reviews examining the relationships among movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and all behaviours together) and several health outcomes. Draft guideline recommendations were discussed at a 4-day in-person Consensus Panel meeting. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained by survey (n = 877) and the draft guidelines were revised accordingly. The final guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24-h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Dissemination and implementation efforts with corresponding evaluation plans are in place to help ensure that guideline awareness and use are optimized.Novelty First ever 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older with consideration of a balanced approach to physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep Finalizes the suite of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadians across the lifespan
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Lora M. Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rasha El-Kotob
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M4G 3V9, Canada
| | - Emily C. McLaughlin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Départment de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Sebastien F. Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium, Ghent
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephanie M. Flood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Genevieve N. Healy
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | | | - Kirstin N. Lane
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Kaleigh Maclaren
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Sharon Marr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen’s University Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Frank Welsh
- Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8R9, Canada
| | - Juana Willumsen
- Department of Health Promotion, World Health Organization, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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158
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Ross R, Tremblay M. Introduction to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:v-xi. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mark Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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159
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Kho ME, Poitras VJ, Janssen I, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Giangregorio LM, Tomasone JR, Ross-White A, Ross R. Development and application of an outcome-centric approach for conducting overviews of reviews. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:S151-S164. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There are gaps in current guidance concerning how to conduct overviews of systematic reviews in an outcome-centric manner. Herein we summarize the methods and lessons learned from conducting 4 outcome-centric overviews to help inform the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older on the topics of resistance training, balance and functional training, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration. We defined “critical” and “important” outcomes a priori. We used AMSTAR 2 to assess review quality and sought 1 systematic review per outcome. If multiple reviews were required to address subgroups for an outcome, we calculated the corrected covered area (CCA) to quantify overlap. We report our methodology in a PRISMA table. Across the 4 overviews, authors reviewed 1110 full texts; 45 were retained (low to high quality per AMSTAR 2), representing 950 primary studies, enrolling over 5 385 500 participants. Of 46 outcomes, we identified data for 35. Nineteen outcomes required >1 review (CCA range: 0% to 71.4%). Our outcome-centric overviews addressed unique aspects of overviews, including selection and quality assessment of included reviews, and overlap. Lessons learned included consistent application of methodological principles to minimize bias and optimize reporting transparency. Novelty Overviews of reviews synthesize systematic reviews in a rigorous and transparent manner. Outcome-centric systematic reviews assess the quality of evidence for primary studies contributing to an outcome. This manuscript describes the development and application of extending the concept of outcome-centric systematic reviews to the design and conduct of outcome-centric overviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | | | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Lora M. Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
| | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen’s University Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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