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Kauffeldt KD, Varkul O, Latimer-Cheung AE, Faulkner G, Brouwers MC, Chulak-Bozzer T, Jones R, Lane KN, Weston ZJ, Tomasone JR. Awareness and knowledge of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults among adults living in Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:405-410. [PMID: 37988710 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Awareness and knowledge of national movement behaviour guidelines are needed to influence individual behaviour and public health policies. This study assessed the awareness and knowledge of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults Aged 18-64 Years and Adults Aged 65 Years or Older (24HMG) recommendations among adults living in Canada across three timepoints. Online surveys were distributed to representative samples of adults living in Canada over a 6-month period. Findings suggest that short-term dissemination efforts were successful in increasing awareness of the 24HMG following guideline release. However, other strategies, such as education, may be needed to influence knowledge of guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn D Kauffeldt
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Olivia Varkul
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa C Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Kirstin N Lane
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Zachary J Weston
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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2
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Flood SM, Thompson B, Faulkner G, Vanderloo LM, Blackett B, Dolf M, Latimer-Cheung AE, Duggan M, Di Sebastiano KM, Lane KN, Brouwers MC, McKenna J, Chulak-Bozzer T, Fuller D, Ruissen GR, Sturrock SL, Tomasone JR. Development of a ParticipACTION App-Based Intervention for Improving Postsecondary Students' 24-Hour Movement Guideline Behaviors: Protocol for the Application of Intervention Mapping. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e39977. [PMID: 36917173 PMCID: PMC10131646 DOI: 10.2196/39977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for adults provide specific recommendations for levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep (ie, the movement behaviors) required for optimal health. Performance of the movement behaviors is associated with improved mental well-being. However, most postsecondary students do not meet the movement behavior recommendations within the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and experience increased stress and declining well-being, suggesting the need for an intervention targeting students' movement behaviors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop and implement a theory-informed intervention intended to improve the movement behaviors and mental well-being of first-year postsecondary students. METHODS The Intervention Mapping protocol was applied in the development and implementation of the intervention. Intervention Mapping entailed performing a needs assessment, determining the intervention outcomes, selecting theory- and evidence-based change methods and applications, preparing and producing intervention plans and materials, developing the implementation plan, and finally developing an evaluation plan. The Theoretical Domains Framework and the Behavior Change Wheel were also used in conjunction with the Intervention Mapping protocol to ensure a solid theoretical basis for the intervention. This protocol led to the development and implementation of a 6-week, theory-informed ParticipACTION app-based intervention aimed at helping first-year postsecondary students improve their movement behaviors and mental well-being. The developed app content provided students with information on each of the movement behaviors and behavioral strategies (ie, goal setting, action planning, monitoring, and coping planning). The use of Intervention Mapping allowed for the continuous involvement of various multidisciplinary partners and end users, ensuring that the intervention design and implementation was appropriate for the target audience. The feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of the intervention will be examined in a subsequent proof-of-concept study at 2 Canadian university campuses. RESULTS Participant recruitment occurred during September 2021, and the intervention was conducted from October to December 2021. The deadline for completion of the postintervention questionnaire by participants was mid-December 2021. The analysis of data examining the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of the intervention began in January 2022, with the publication of the proof-of-concept evaluation expected in 2023. CONCLUSIONS Intervention Mapping with the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behavior Change Wheel was a useful approach to combine evidence and theoretical concepts to guide the design and implementation of a ParticipACTION app-based intervention targeting postsecondary students' movement behaviors and mental well-being. This process may serve as an example for other researchers developing multiple behavior change app-based interventions. Should the forthcoming evaluation demonstrate the intervention's acceptability, feasibility, and potential impact, the intervention may provide a scalable method of improving postsecondary students' movement behaviors and mental well-being. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/39977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Flood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brooke Thompson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Department of Science and Evaluation, ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beth Blackett
- Student Wellness Services, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Matt Dolf
- Office of Wellbeing Strategy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie M Di Sebastiano
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin N Lane
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa C Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia McKenna
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- Department of Science and Evaluation, ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Geralyn R Ruissen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shelby L Sturrock
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Vanderloo LM, Ferguson LJ, Guerrero M, Brussoni M, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JCC, Chulak-Bozzer T, Tremblay MS. Few Canadian children and youth were meeting the 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines 6-months into the COVID-19 pandemic: Follow-up from a national study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1225-1240. [PMID: 34370965 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily life has changed for families due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this repeated cross-sectional study was to describe movement behaviours in Canadian children and youth six months into the pandemic (T2; October 2020) compared with the start of the pandemic (T1, April 2020). An online survey was distributed to parents (N=1568) of children and/or youth (5-17 years; 58% girls) in October 2020. The survey assessed changes in movement behaviours [physical activity (PA) and play, sedentary behaviours (SB), and sleep] from before the pandemic to October 2020 (T2). We compared these data to spring data (T1; April 2020; Moore et al., 2020) collected using identical methodology (N=1472; 54% girls). We report correlations between movement behaviours and relevant parental factors and provide word frequency distributions for open-ended responses. During the second wave, 4.5% of children (4.6% girls; 4.3% boys) and 1.9% of youth (1.3% girls, 2.4% boys) met the movement guidelines (3.1% overall). Whereas, during the first wave, 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined guidelines (2.6% overall). Parental support was correlated with their child's movement behaviours (T1 and T2). Our study demonstrates the ongoing challenges for children and youth to engage in healthy movement during the pandemic. Novelty bullets: • Our large-scale national study demonstrates that children and youth were not meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines during the second wave of the pandemic. • Our findings illustrate the need to protect children and youth from the collateral consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2;
| | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Kinesiology, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4;
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8P 5C2;
| | | | - Leah J Ferguson
- University of Saskatchewan, 7235, College of Kinesiology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
| | | | - Mariana Brussoni
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada;
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Ryerson University, 7984, School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Business, Orono, Maine, United States;
| | - John C C Spence
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, 3-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H9;
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION , 77 Bloor St W, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5s1m2.,77 Bloor St WToronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1;
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Ross R, Chaput JP, Giangregorio LM, Janssen I, Saunders TJ, Kho ME, Poitras VJ, Tomasone JR, El-Kotob R, McLaughlin EC, Duggan M, Carrier J, Carson V, Chastin SF, Latimer-Cheung AE, Chulak-Bozzer T, Faulkner G, Flood SM, Gazendam MK, Healy GN, Katzmarzyk PT, Kennedy W, Lane KN, Lorbergs A, Maclaren K, Marr S, Powell KE, Rhodes RE, Ross-White A, Welsh F, Willumsen J, Tremblay MS. Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:S57-S102. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology assembled a Consensus Panel representing national organizations, content experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users and followed an established guideline development procedure to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These guidelines underscore the importance of movement behaviours across the whole 24-h day. The development process followed the strategy outlined in the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. A large body of evidence was used to inform the guidelines including 2 de novo systematic reviews and 4 overviews of reviews examining the relationships among movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and all behaviours together) and several health outcomes. Draft guideline recommendations were discussed at a 4-day in-person Consensus Panel meeting. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained by survey (n = 877) and the draft guidelines were revised accordingly. The final guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for a healthy day (24-h), comprising a combination of sleep, sedentary behaviours, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Dissemination and implementation efforts with corresponding evaluation plans are in place to help ensure that guideline awareness and use are optimized.Novelty First ever 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older with consideration of a balanced approach to physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep Finalizes the suite of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadians across the lifespan
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Lora M. Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rasha El-Kotob
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M4G 3V9, Canada
| | - Emily C. McLaughlin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Départment de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Sebastien F. Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium, Ghent
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephanie M. Flood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Genevieve N. Healy
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | | | - Kirstin N. Lane
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Kaleigh Maclaren
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Sharon Marr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen’s University Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Frank Welsh
- Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8R9, Canada
| | - Juana Willumsen
- Department of Health Promotion, World Health Organization, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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5
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Faught E, Walters AJ, Latimer-Cheung AE, Faulkner G, Jones R, Duggan M, Chulak-Bozzer T, Lane KN, Brouwers MC, Tomasone JR. Optimal messaging of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years and older. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:S125-S150. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18–64 years and Adults aged 65 years and older (“Guidelines”) integrate recommendations for physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours. Given the novelty of these integrated Guidelines, it was important to consider messaging strategies that would be most effective in reaching Canadian adults. The purpose of this study was to examine optimal messaging of the Guidelines as it pertains to communication channels and messages. Representative samples of Guideline end-users (N = 1017) and stakeholders (N = 877) each completed a cross-sectional survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated along with tests of statistical significance. Inductive content analysis was used to code stakeholders’ comments (i.e., suggestions, concerns) on a draft version of the Guidelines. Most end-users had recently referred to online medical resources; family, friends, and co-workers; and physicians as communication channels for information regarding the movement behaviours. End-users and stakeholders felt that generic messages would foster self-efficacy to meet the Guidelines. Stakeholders highlighted a variety of considerations to ensure the Guidelines are inclusive towards diverse groups within the Canadian population. Findings will inform Guideline messaging. Novelty Most end-users referred to online medical resources; family, friends, and co-workers; and physicians as communication channels. End-users and stakeholders indicated that generic messages would foster self-efficacy to meet the Guidelines. Stakeholders expressed concerns about the inclusivity of the Guidelines for diverse socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Faught
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Walters
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 1B4, Canada
| | | | - Kirstin N. Lane
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 1B4, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical Health & Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Melissa C. Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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6
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Mitra R, Moore SA, Gillespie M, Faulkner G, Vanderloo LM, Chulak-Bozzer T, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Tremblay MS. Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health Place 2020. [PMID: 32871499 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace:2020.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores patterns of increased/ decreased physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours among Canadian children and youth aged 5-17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines how these changes are associated with the built environment near residential locations. A cluster analysis identified two groups who were primarily distinguished by the changes in outdoor activities. Compliance to 24-hour movement guidelines was low among both groups. For children, houses (versus apartments) was correlated with increased outdoor activities; proximity to major roads was a barrier. For youth, low dwelling density, and access to parks in high-density neighbourhoods, increased the odds of increased outdoor activities during the pandemic. Our findings can inform future urban and health crisis planning practices by providing new insights into the desirable public health messaging and characteristics of healthy and resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada
| | - Meredith Gillespie
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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7
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Mitra R, Moore SA, Gillespie M, Faulkner G, Vanderloo LM, Chulak-Bozzer T, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Tremblay MS. Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health Place 2020; 65:102418. [PMID: 32871499 PMCID: PMC7455528 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores patterns of increased/ decreased physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours among Canadian children and youth aged 5-17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines how these changes are associated with the built environment near residential locations. A cluster analysis identified two groups who were primarily distinguished by the changes in outdoor activities. Compliance to 24-hour movement guidelines was low among both groups. For children, houses (versus apartments) was correlated with increased outdoor activities; proximity to major roads was a barrier. For youth, low dwelling density, and access to parks in high-density neighbourhoods, increased the odds of increased outdoor activities during the pandemic. Our findings can inform future urban and health crisis planning practices by providing new insights into the desirable public health messaging and characteristics of healthy and resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada
| | - Meredith Gillespie
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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8
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Di Sebastiano KM, Chulak-Bozzer T, Vanderloo LM, Faulkner G. Don't Walk So Close to Me: Physical Distancing and Adult Physical Activity in Canada. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1895. [PMID: 32849110 PMCID: PMC7396577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing measures have been implemented globally. Canadians have been instructed to stay at home, which has likely resulted in significant changes in their physical activity. Using data from a national physical activity tracking app (PAC app), we aimed to determine device-measured physical activity levels immediately prior to and following the implementation of physical distancing measures in Canada to provide evidence for the development of physical activity recommendations for future pandemics or second wave infections. Methods: Demographic and physical activity data were extracted from the ParticipACTION app (PAC app), using a 10-week (10 February to 19 April 2020) quasi-experimental design to determine changes in physical activity 4 weeks pre-pandemic and 6 weeks post-pandemic declaration. Weekly physical activity levels were monitored through wearable fitness trackers and health apps linked to the PAC app, to record moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and steps. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine changes over time (mean ± SE). Findings: A total of 2,338 Canadians who were mostly 35–44 years old (26.6%) and female (90.2%) were included in the analysis. MVPA, LPA, and steps significantly declined immediately following the declaration of the pandemic (MVPA: pre-pandemic: 194.2 ± 5.2 min, post-pandemic: 176.7 ± 5.0 min, p < 0.001; LPA: pre-pandemic: 1,000.5 ± 17.0 min, post-pandemic: 874.1 ± 15.6 min, p < 0.001; steps: pre-pandemic: 48,625 ± 745 steps, post-pandemic: 43,395 ± 705 steps, p < 0.001). However, 6 weeks following pandemic declaration, MVPA (week 6: 204.4 ± 5.4 min, p = 0.498) had returned to pre-pandemic levels. LPA (week 6: 732.0 ± 14.3 min, p = < 0.001) and steps (week 6: 41,946 ± 763, p < 0.001) remained significantly lower than pre-pandemic levels at week 6. Interpretation: Although MVPA returned to pre-pandemic levels, significant and sustained declines in incidental LPA and steps were observed. Attenuating the loss of incidental physical activity should be a public health priority in response to future pandemics or a second wave of a COVID-19 infection, as it may have significant long-term implications for the physical and mental health of Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Di Sebastiano
- Population and Physical Activity Lab, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Child Health Evaluation Service, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Population and Physical Activity Lab, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Chulak-Bozzer T, Ferguson LJ, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JC, Vanderloo LM, Tremblay MS. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:85. [PMID: 32631350 PMCID: PMC7336091 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy childhood development is fostered through sufficient physical activity (PA; including time outdoors), limiting sedentary behaviours (SB), and adequate sleep; collectively known as movement behaviours. Though the COVID-19 virus outbreak has changed the daily lives of children and youth, it is unknown to what extent related restrictions may compromise the ability to play and meet movement behaviour recommendations. This secondary data analysis examined the immediate impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on movement and play behaviours in children and youth. Methods A national sample of Canadian parents (n = 1472) of children (5–11 years) or youth (12–17 years) (54% girls) completed an online survey that assessed immediate changes in child movement and play behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Behaviours included PA and play, SB, and sleep. Family demographics and parental factors that may influence movement behaviours were assessed. Correlations between behaviours and demographic and parental factors were determined. For open-ended questions, word frequency distributions were reported. Results Only 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined movement behaviour guidelines during COVID-19 restrictions. Children and youth had lower PA levels, less outside time, higher SB (including leisure screen time), and more sleep during the outbreak. Parental encouragement and support, parental engagement in PA, and family dog ownership were positively associated with healthy movement behaviours. Although families spent less time in PA and more time in SB, several parents reported adopting new hobbies or accessing new resources. Conclusions This study provides evidence of immediate collateral consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak, demonstrating an adverse impact on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth. These findings can guide efforts to preserve and promote child health during the COVID-19 outbreak and crisis recovery period, and to inform strategies to mitigate potential harm during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Leah J Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-153 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Gainforth HL, Jarvis JW, Berry TR, Chulak-Bozzer T, Deshpande S, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Latimer-Cheung AE. Evaluating the ParticipACTION “Think Again” Campaign. Health Educ Behav 2015; 43:434-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198115604614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. ParticipACTION’s 2011 “Think Again” campaign aimed to draw parents’, and specifically mothers’, attention to the amount of physical activity (PA) their children do relative to the national guidelines (physical activity guidelines [PAG]). Purpose. To evaluate ParticipACTION’s “Think Again” campaign in the context of the hierarchy of effects model. Methods. Data were drawn from “Think Again” campaign evaluations conducted among two cohorts of parents with children ages 5 to 11 years (3 months postcampaign launch [T1], n = 702; 15 months postlaunch [T2], n = 670). Results. At T2, campaign awareness was weakly associated with parents agreeing that their children were not active enough ( p = .01, d = .18). Parents who were aware of the campaign showed greater knowledge of PAG ( ps < .01, ϕs > .14), had higher outcome expectations about their children engaging in PA ( p < .01, d = .16), had stronger intentions to help their child meet the guidelines ( p < .01, d = .18), and engaged in more parental support behaviors ( p < .001, d = .31) as compared with parents who were not aware. At T1, parents aware of the campaign had greater perceived behavioral control (PBC) to influence their child’s PA participation ( p < .01, d = .22), whereas parents not aware of the campaign had greater PBC to find practical ways to help their child be active ( p < .01, d = .26). Parental awareness of the campaign was not associated with children meeting the PAG at either time point ( ps > .05). Conclusions. The campaign appeared marginally effective for increasing parental knowledge of PAG and for creating realistic awareness of children’s PA levels. Additional intervention strategies are needed to produce larger effects and to change parental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocelyn W. Jarvis
- Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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