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Mitra R, Cohen AS, Rohs R. RNAscape: geometric mapping and customizable visualization of RNA structure. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae269. [PMID: 38630617 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyzing and visualizing the tertiary structure and complex interactions of RNA is essential for being able to mechanistically decipher their molecular functions in vivo. Secondary structure visualization software can portray many aspects of RNA; however, these layouts are often unable to preserve topological correspondence since they do not consider tertiary interactions between different regions of an RNA molecule. Likewise, quaternary interactions between two or more interacting RNA molecules are not considered in secondary structure visualization tools. The RNAscape webserver produces visualizations that can preserve topological correspondence while remaining both visually intuitive and structurally insightful. RNAscape achieves this by designing a mathematical structural mapping algorithm which prioritizes the helical segments, reflecting their tertiary organization. Non-helical segments are mapped in a way that minimizes structural clutter. RNAscape runs a plotting script that is designed to generate publication-quality images. RNAscape natively supports non-standard nucleotides, multiple base-pairing annotation styles and requires no programming experience. RNAscape can also be used to analyze RNA/DNA hybrid structures and DNA topologies, including G-quadruplexes. Users can upload their own three-dimensional structures or enter a Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID of an existing structure. The RNAscape webserver allows users to customize visualizations through various settings as desired. URL: https://rnascape.usc.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ari S Cohen
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Remo Rohs
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Winters M, Fuller D, Cloutier MS, Harris MA, Howard A, Kestens Y, Kirk S, Macpherson A, Moore S, Rothman L, Shareck M, Tomasone JR, Laberee K, Stephens ZP, Sones M, Ayton D, Batomen B, Bell S, Collins P, Diab E, Giles AR, Hagel BE, Harris MS, Harris P, Lachapelle U, Manaugh K, Mitra R, Muhajarine N, Myrdahl TM, Pettit CJ, Pike I, Skouteris H, Wachsmuth D, Whitehurst D, Beck B. Building CapaCITY/É for sustainable transportation: protocol for an implementation science research program in healthy cities. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085850. [PMID: 38631827 PMCID: PMC11029507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving sustainable transportation options will help cities tackle growing challenges related to population health, congestion, climate change and inequity. Interventions supporting active transportation face many practical and political hurdles. Implementation science aims to understand how interventions or policies arise, how they can be translated to new contexts or scales and who benefits. Sustainable transportation interventions are complex, and existing implementation science frameworks may not be suitable. To apply and adapt implementation science for healthy cities, we have launched our mixed-methods research programme, CapaCITY/É. We aim to understand how, why and for whom sustainable transportation interventions are successful and when they are not. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Across nine Canadian municipalities and the State of Victoria (Australia), our research will focus on two types of sustainable transportation interventions: all ages and abilities bicycle networks and motor vehicle speed management interventions. We will (1) document the implementation process and outcomes of both types of sustainable transportation interventions; (2) examine equity, health and mobility impacts of these interventions; (3) advance implementation science by developing a novel sustainable transportation implementation science framework and (4) develop tools for scaling up and scaling out sustainable transportation interventions. Training activities will develop interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners able to work at the nexus of academia and sustainable cities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Ethics Research (H22-03469). A Knowledge Mobilization Hub will coordinate dissemination of findings via a website; presentations to academic, community organisations and practitioner audiences; and through peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Cloutier
- Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Anne Harris
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Howard
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Kirk
- Healthy Populations Institute and Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Rothman
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martine Shareck
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Laberee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Meridith Sones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darshini Ayton
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brice Batomen
- University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Bell
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Patricia Collins
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Diab
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Audrey R Giles
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mike S Harris
- City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Harris
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research and Evaluation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ugo Lachapelle
- Département d'études urbaines et touristiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Manaugh
- Department of Geography and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tiffany Muller Myrdahl
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies and Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Pettit
- City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Wachsmuth
- School of Urban Planning, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Whitehurst
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sagendorf JM, Mitra R, Huang J, Chen XS, Rohs R. PNAbind: Structure-based prediction of protein-nucleic acid binding using graph neural networks. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.27.582387. [PMID: 38529493 PMCID: PMC10962711 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The recognition and binding of nucleic acids (NAs) by proteins depends upon complementary chemical, electrostatic and geometric properties of the protein-NA binding interface. Structural models of protein-NA complexes provide insights into these properties but are scarce relative to models of unbound proteins. We present a deep learning approach for predicting protein-NA binding given the apo structure of a protein (PNAbind). Our method utilizes graph neural networks to encode spatial distributions of physicochemical and geometric properties of the protein molecular surface that are predictive of NA binding. Using global physicochemical encodings, our models predict the overall binding function of a protein and can discriminate between specificity for DNA or RNA binding. We show that such predictions made on protein structures modeled with AlphaFold2 can be used to gain mechanistic understanding of chemical and structural features that determine NA recognition. Using local encodings, our models predict the location of NA binding sites at the level of individual binding residues. Binding site predictions were validated against benchmark datasets, achieving AUROC scores in the range of 0.92-0.95. We applied our models to the HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G and show that our predictions are consistent with experimental RNA binding data.
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Jiang Y, Chiu TP, Mitra R, Rohs R. Probing the role of the protonation state of a minor groove-linker histidine in Exd-Hox-DNA binding. Biophys J 2024; 123:248-259. [PMID: 38130056 PMCID: PMC10808038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA recognition and targeting by transcription factors (TFs) through specific binding are fundamental in biological processes. Furthermore, the histidine protonation state at the TF-DNA binding interface can significantly influence the binding mechanism of TF-DNA complexes. Nevertheless, the role of histidine in TF-DNA complexes remains underexplored. Here, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using AlphaFold2-modeled complexes based on previously solved co-crystal structures to probe the role of the His-12 residue in the Extradenticle (Exd)-Sex combs reduced (Scr)-DNA complex when binding to Scr and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) target sites. Our results demonstrate that the protonation state of histidine notably affected the DNA minor-groove width profile and binding free energy. Examining flanking sequences of various binding affinities derived from SELEX-seq experiments, we analyzed the relationship between binding affinity and specificity. We uncovered how histidine protonation leads to increased binding affinity but can lower specificity. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of histidine in modulating TF-DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Jiang
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tsu-Pei Chiu
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Remo Rohs
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Mitra R, Li J, Sagendorf JM, Jiang Y, Chiu TP, Rohs R. DeepPBS: Geometric deep learning for interpretable prediction of protein-DNA binding specificity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.15.571942. [PMID: 38293168 PMCID: PMC10827229 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Predicting specificity in protein-DNA interactions is a challenging yet essential task for understanding gene regulation. Here, we present Deep Predictor of Binding Specificity (DeepPBS), a geometric deep-learning model designed to predict binding specificity across protein families based on protein-DNA structures. The DeepPBS architecture allows investigation of different family-specific recognition patterns. DeepPBS can be applied to predicted structures, and can aid in the modeling of protein-DNA complexes. DeepPBS is interpretable and can be used to calculate protein heavy atom-level importance scores, demonstrated as a case-study on p53-DNA interface. When aggregated at the protein residue level, these scores conform well with alanine scanning mutagenesis experimental data. The inference time for DeepPBS is sufficiently fast for analyzing simulation trajectories, as demonstrated on a molecular-dynamics simulation of a Drosophila Hox-DNA tertiary complex with its cofactor. DeepPBS and its corresponding data resources offer a foundation for machine-aided protein-DNA interaction studies, guiding experimental choices and complex design, as well as advancing our understanding of molecular interactions.
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Mitra R, Campbell JE, Vanderloo LM, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS, Rhodes RE, Stone MR, Moore SA. Child and youth physical activity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The changing role of the neighbourhood built and social environments. Health Place 2023; 84:103127. [PMID: 37751631 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We explored associations between neighbourhood environments and children and youths' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during three different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: spring 2020, fall 2020 and spring 2021, using three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. In wave 2, higher dwelling density was associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA, however, the odds were higher in neighbourhoods with higher density that also had better access to parks. With regard to the social environment, ethnic concentration (wave 3) and greater deprivation (waves 1 and 3) were associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA. Results indicate that built and social environments were differently associated with MVPA levels depending on pandemic restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Julie E Campbell
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N4, Canada
| | - Michelle R Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Mitra R, Sharma R, Moore SA. Outdoor Physical Activity and Play Among Canadian Children and Youth With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the National Physical Activity Measurement Study. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023; 40:571-586. [PMID: 36750116 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the association between socioecological factors and outdoor physical activity (PA) and play in children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 133) completed a survey to report changes in their child's outdoor PA and play during the pandemic (from prepandemic levels), and child, household, and neighborhood environment factors. Children with a PA-supporting parent and from multichild and White households had lower odds of reporting decreased outdoor PA. Children from multichild, higher income, married couple households and a PA-supporting parent had lower odds of decreased outdoor play. Living in neighborhoods with higher urbanization (i.e., high dwelling density, street intersections, and land-use mix) was associated with greater odds of decreased outdoor PA and play. Future research that uses larger and more representative samples of children with disabilities is needed to test for the multivariate effects of socioecological variables on outdoor PA and play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,Canada
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Rahman A, Hasani A, Decconda A, Esposito M, Mitra R, Wallach F, Shah S. Chagas Disease Masquerading as Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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Thakur M, Praveen S, Divte PR, Mitra R, Kumar M, Gupta CK, Kalidindi U, Bansal R, Roy S, Anand A, Singh B. Metal tolerance in plants: Molecular and physicochemical interface determines the "not so heavy effect" of heavy metals. Chemosphere 2022; 287:131957. [PMID: 34450367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil and water resources. These heavy metals are gaining increased access into our food chain through the plant and/or animal-based products, to adversely impact human health. The issue of how to restrict the entry of HMs or modulate their response in event of their ingress into the plant system is worrisome. The current knowledge on the interactive-regulatory role and contribution of different physical, biophysical, biochemical, physiological, and molecular factors that determine the heavy metal availability-uptake-partitioning dynamics in the soil-plant-environment needs to be updated. The present review critically analyses the interactive overlaps between different adaptation and tolerance strategies that may be causally related to their cellular localization, conjugation and homeostasis, a relative affinity for the transporters, rhizosphere modifications, activation of efflux pumps and vacuolar sequestration that singly or collectively determine a plant's response to HM stress. Recently postulated role of gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and other secondary metabolites in heavy metal tolerance, which may be regulated at the whole plant and/or tissue/cell is discussed to delineate and work towards a "not so heavy" response of plants to heavy metals present in the contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shamima Praveen
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Pandurang R Divte
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413 115, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Gupta
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002, India
| | - Usha Kalidindi
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Suman Roy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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Maitra S, Mitra R, Nath TK. Aqueous Mg-Ion Supercapacitor and Bi-Functional Electrocatalyst Based on MgTiO₃ Nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:6217-6226. [PMID: 34229824 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitor and hydrogen-based fuel cells are cheap and environmental-friendly next-generation energy storage devices that are intended to replace Lithium-ion batteries. Metal oxide nanostructures having perovskite crystal structure have been found to exhibit unique electrochemical properties owing to its unique electronic band structure and multiple redox-active ions. Herein, MgTiO₃ nanoparticles (MTO-1) were synthesized by wet-chemical sol-gel technique with an average particle size of 50-55 nm, which exhibited superior supercapacitor performance of capacitance (C) = 25 F/g (at 0.25 A/g), energy density (ED) = 17 Wh/kg, power density (PD) = 275 W/kg and 82.41% capacitance retention (after 1000 cycles). Aqueous 1 M Mg(ClO₄)₂ solution was used as the electrolyte. MTO-1 revealed an overpotential () = 1.329 V and Tafel slope (b) = 374 mV/dec towards Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) electrocatalyst and exhibited = 0.914 V and b = 301.4 mV/dec towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, both in presence of alkaline 1 M KOH solution, making these MgTiO₃ nanoparticles very promising for potential use in various technologically important electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maitra
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - R Mitra
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - T K Nath
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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Maitra S, Mitra R, Nath TK. Molten Salt Synthesized MgNiO₂ Micro/Nano-Particles for High Energy Density Supercapacitor and Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:5556-5568. [PMID: 33980365 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, solid solutions have shown promising results as functional materials for different applications. These materials have tunable physiochemical properties and electronic properties, and are being intensively studied for next generation electrochemical charge storage as well as noble metal free low cost electrocatalyts. In the present work, Magnesium Nickel Oxide (MgNiO₂) solid solution is prepared by molten salt synthesis. MgNiO₂ particles having octahedron shaped morphology with size of 550 nm with an agglomerative behavior was observed through morphological studies. Raman studies revealed presence of three two-phonon modes as well as two one-phonon modes, which confirm the phase purity of MgNiO₂ sample. MgNiO₂ particles behaved as a promising supercapacitor candidate by exhibiting a large specific capacitance of 76 F/g. It also revealed electrochemical stability over an expansive potential range under the presence of 0.5 mol L-1Sodium Sulfate (Na₂SO₄) electrolyte, having a high energy density of nearly 51 Wh/kg with a power density of nearly 825 w/kg. Further, MgNiO₂ particle showed improved electrocatalytic potential towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in 1 mol L-1 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) alkaline medium, by demonstrating an overpotential of 0.636 V with a Tafel slope of 0.22205 v/dec. Based on these observed promising results, it can be conclusively inferred that MgNiO₂ solid solution is a potential candidate for environmental friendly high voltage supercapacitor and HER electrocatalyst applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maitra
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - R Mitra
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - T K Nath
- School of Nano-Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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Ashokan A, Hegde A, Mitra R. Corrigendum to "Short-term environmental enrichment is sufficient to counter stress-induced anxiety and associated structural and molecular plasticity in basolateral amygdala" [Psychoneuroendocrinology 69 (2016) 189-196]. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105370. [PMID: 34419312 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ashokan
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - A Hegde
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - R Mitra
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Vanderloo LM, Ferguson LJ, Guerrero M, Brussoni M, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JCC, Chulak-Bozzer T, Tremblay MS. Few Canadian children and youth were meeting the 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines 6-months into the COVID-19 pandemic: Follow-up from a national study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1225-1240. [PMID: 34370965 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily life has changed for families due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this repeated cross-sectional study was to describe movement behaviours in Canadian children and youth six months into the pandemic (T2; October 2020) compared with the start of the pandemic (T1, April 2020). An online survey was distributed to parents (N=1568) of children and/or youth (5-17 years; 58% girls) in October 2020. The survey assessed changes in movement behaviours [physical activity (PA) and play, sedentary behaviours (SB), and sleep] from before the pandemic to October 2020 (T2). We compared these data to spring data (T1; April 2020; Moore et al., 2020) collected using identical methodology (N=1472; 54% girls). We report correlations between movement behaviours and relevant parental factors and provide word frequency distributions for open-ended responses. During the second wave, 4.5% of children (4.6% girls; 4.3% boys) and 1.9% of youth (1.3% girls, 2.4% boys) met the movement guidelines (3.1% overall). Whereas, during the first wave, 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined guidelines (2.6% overall). Parental support was correlated with their child's movement behaviours (T1 and T2). Our study demonstrates the ongoing challenges for children and youth to engage in healthy movement during the pandemic. Novelty bullets: • Our large-scale national study demonstrates that children and youth were not meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines during the second wave of the pandemic. • Our findings illustrate the need to protect children and youth from the collateral consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2;
| | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Kinesiology, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4;
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8P 5C2;
| | | | - Leah J Ferguson
- University of Saskatchewan, 7235, College of Kinesiology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
| | | | - Mariana Brussoni
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada;
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Ryerson University, 7984, School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Business, Orono, Maine, United States;
| | - John C C Spence
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, 3-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H9;
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION , 77 Bloor St W, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5s1m2.,77 Bloor St WToronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1;
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15
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Mitra R, Waygood EOD, Fullan J. Subjective well-being of Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of the social and physical environment and healthy movement behaviours. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101404. [PMID: 34189017 PMCID: PMC8220397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported emotional states during the pandemic, among Canadian children and youth, were explored. Latent Class Analysis shows 49.4% sample displayed patterns of low subjective well-being. Having access to friends, and indoor and outdoor spaces/places to play and exercise, were important. Decreased physical activity and increased screen time were associated with a low SWB during the pandemic.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily behaviours of children and youth. Yet, little is known about how they are mentally coping with the pandemic-time changes to their lives. This study explores children and youths’ self-reported subjective well-being (SWB) during the pandemic, and provides novel insights into the correlates of potential decrease, using data from a pan-Canadian online survey of 932 children/youth and their parents. SWB was measured based on perceived changes in 12 affective/emotional states. The results indicate that in spring 2020, at the height of the first wave of the pandemic, many children and youth were more bored (37.6%) and worried (31%) compared to pre-pandemic time. At the same time, many self-reported that they felt calmer (31.9%) and more rested (30%). A latent class analysis revealed that nearly half (49.4%) of surveyed children and youth reported patterns in changes in their emotional state that may contribute to lower SWB. Results from binomial logistic regression suggest that socio-demographic characteristics and size of the municipality were not associated with low pandemic-time SWB. Instead, other potentially modifiable factors such as having access to friends, indoor and outdoor spaces/places to play and exercise, and healthy movement behaviours during the pandemic, were correlated with a lower likelihood of reporting low SWB. The findings can inform pandemic-time public health policy relating to physical distancing, and in the longer term, mental and physical health promotion. The results will also help improve urban planning and design practices in creating healthier, more resilient and equitable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Owen D Waygood
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Mitra R, MacLean AL. RVAgene: Generative modeling of gene expression time series data. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:3252-3262. [PMID: 33974008 PMCID: PMC8504625 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Methods to model dynamic changes in gene expression at a genome-wide level are not currently sufficient for large (temporally rich or single-cell) datasets. Variational autoencoders offer means to characterize large datasets and have been used effectively to characterize features of single-cell datasets. Here, we extend these methods for use with gene expression time series data. Results We present RVAgene: a recurrent variational autoencoder to model gene expression dynamics. RVAgene learns to accurately and efficiently reconstruct temporal gene profiles. It also learns a low dimensional representation of the data via a recurrent encoder network that can be used for biological feature discovery, and from which we can generate new gene expression data by sampling the latent space. We test RVAgene on simulated and real biological datasets, including embryonic stem cell differentiation and kidney injury response dynamics. In all cases, RVAgene accurately reconstructed complex gene expression temporal profiles. Via cross validation, we show that a low-error latent space representation can be learnt using only a fraction of the data. Through clustering and gene ontology term enrichment analysis on the latent space, we demonstrate the potential of RVAgene for unsupervised discovery. In particular, RVAgene identifies new programs of shared gene regulation of Lox family genes in response to kidney injury. Availability and implementation All datasets analyzed in this manuscript are publicly available and have been published previously. RVAgene is available in Python, at GitHub: https://github.com/maclean-lab/RVAgene; Zenodo archive: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4271097. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA-90007, USA
| | - Adam L MacLean
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA-90007, USA
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17
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Banerjee S, Simonetti FL, Detrois KE, Kaphle A, Mitra R, Nagial R, Söding J. Tejaas: reverse regression increases power for detecting trans-eQTLs. Genome Biol 2021; 22:142. [PMID: 33957961 PMCID: PMC8101255 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-acting expression quantitative trait loci (trans-eQTLs) account for ≥70% expression heritability and could therefore facilitate uncovering mechanisms underlying the origination of complex diseases. Identifying trans-eQTLs is challenging because of small effect sizes, tissue specificity, and a severe multiple-testing burden. Tejaas predicts trans-eQTLs by performing L2-regularized “reverse” multiple regression of each SNP on all genes, aggregating evidence from many small trans-effects while being unaffected by the strong expression correlations. Combined with a novel unsupervised k-nearest neighbor method to remove confounders, Tejaas predicts 18851 unique trans-eQTLs across 49 tissues from GTEx. They are enriched in open chromatin, enhancers, and other regulatory regions. Many overlap with disease-associated SNPs, pointing to tissue-specific transcriptional regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Banerjee
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Franco L Simonetti
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kira E Detrois
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.,Georg-August University, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Anubhav Kaphle
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.,Georg-August University, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Söding
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany. .,Campus-Institut Data Science (CIDAS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
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18
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Moitra S, Moitra S, Ghosh AK, Sengupta S, Das PK, Das A, Mitra R, Murgia N, Usmani OS. Reference values of impulse oscillometry (IOS) for healthy Indian adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:536-539. [PMID: 32398207 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERSP), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India, Department of Pneumology, Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Statistics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Das
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India, Department of Pneumology, Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - A Das
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - R Mitra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - N Murgia
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O S Usmani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK, ,
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Mitra R, Singh SB, Singh B. Radiochemical evidence validates the involvement of root released organic acid and phytosiderphore in regulating the uptake of phosphorus and certain metal micronutrients in wheat under phosphorus and iron deficiency. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Mitra R, Moore SA, Gillespie M, Faulkner G, Vanderloo LM, Chulak-Bozzer T, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Tremblay MS. Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health Place 2020. [PMID: 32871499 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace:2020.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores patterns of increased/ decreased physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours among Canadian children and youth aged 5-17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines how these changes are associated with the built environment near residential locations. A cluster analysis identified two groups who were primarily distinguished by the changes in outdoor activities. Compliance to 24-hour movement guidelines was low among both groups. For children, houses (versus apartments) was correlated with increased outdoor activities; proximity to major roads was a barrier. For youth, low dwelling density, and access to parks in high-density neighbourhoods, increased the odds of increased outdoor activities during the pandemic. Our findings can inform future urban and health crisis planning practices by providing new insights into the desirable public health messaging and characteristics of healthy and resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada
| | - Meredith Gillespie
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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21
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Mitra R, Moore SA, Gillespie M, Faulkner G, Vanderloo LM, Chulak-Bozzer T, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Tremblay MS. Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health Place 2020; 65:102418. [PMID: 32871499 PMCID: PMC7455528 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores patterns of increased/ decreased physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours among Canadian children and youth aged 5-17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines how these changes are associated with the built environment near residential locations. A cluster analysis identified two groups who were primarily distinguished by the changes in outdoor activities. Compliance to 24-hour movement guidelines was low among both groups. For children, houses (versus apartments) was correlated with increased outdoor activities; proximity to major roads was a barrier. For youth, low dwelling density, and access to parks in high-density neighbourhoods, increased the odds of increased outdoor activities during the pandemic. Our findings can inform future urban and health crisis planning practices by providing new insights into the desirable public health messaging and characteristics of healthy and resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada
| | - Meredith Gillespie
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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22
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Chulak-Bozzer T, Ferguson LJ, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JC, Vanderloo LM, Tremblay MS. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:85. [PMID: 32631350 PMCID: PMC7336091 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy childhood development is fostered through sufficient physical activity (PA; including time outdoors), limiting sedentary behaviours (SB), and adequate sleep; collectively known as movement behaviours. Though the COVID-19 virus outbreak has changed the daily lives of children and youth, it is unknown to what extent related restrictions may compromise the ability to play and meet movement behaviour recommendations. This secondary data analysis examined the immediate impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on movement and play behaviours in children and youth. Methods A national sample of Canadian parents (n = 1472) of children (5–11 years) or youth (12–17 years) (54% girls) completed an online survey that assessed immediate changes in child movement and play behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Behaviours included PA and play, SB, and sleep. Family demographics and parental factors that may influence movement behaviours were assessed. Correlations between behaviours and demographic and parental factors were determined. For open-ended questions, word frequency distributions were reported. Results Only 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined movement behaviour guidelines during COVID-19 restrictions. Children and youth had lower PA levels, less outside time, higher SB (including leisure screen time), and more sleep during the outbreak. Parental encouragement and support, parental engagement in PA, and family dog ownership were positively associated with healthy movement behaviours. Although families spent less time in PA and more time in SB, several parents reported adopting new hobbies or accessing new resources. Conclusions This study provides evidence of immediate collateral consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak, demonstrating an adverse impact on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth. These findings can guide efforts to preserve and promote child health during the COVID-19 outbreak and crisis recovery period, and to inform strategies to mitigate potential harm during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Leah J Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-153 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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23
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Quadros K, Baykaner T, Thosani A, Mitra R, Ferguson J, Brodt C, Zei P. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MINIMAL FLUOROSCOPY APPROACH FOR CATHETER ABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI CENTER, PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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24
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Menown IBA, De Silva R, Mitra R, Balachandran K, More R, Spyrou N, Zaman A, Raja Y, Tulwar S, Sinha M, Glover J, Clifford P, Ordoubadi F, Elghamaz A. P2797Clinical outcomes of an ultra-thin strut sirolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer in all-comers patients undergoing coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Thin stent struts may be associated with reduced vessel injury and use of biodegradable polymers may further improve long term outcomes. However, data with earlier stents has been inconsistent; thus further studies with newer devices are needed.
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new ultra-thin (65um) strut cobalt chromium sirolimus-eluting stent with a hybrid design (closed cell at ends and open cells in middle to reduce edge injury and optimise conformability) in all-comers patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
We enrolled 752 patients from 14 sites undergoing PCI into a prospective, non-randomised, multi-centre, open-label, observational registry. Inclusion of patients with complex anatomy (long stent lengths, bifurcations and chronic total occlusions) was encouraged. Clinical follow-up was scheduled at 1, 9, 12 and 24 months. The primary endpoint was incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) - cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR) - at 9 months.
Results
Mean patient age was 64.7±12.2 years, 20.7% had diabetes, 58.8% had dyslipidaemia, 40.4% had multi-vessel disease, 22% had previous PCI, 4.7% had previous coronary-artery bypass graft, and 19.6% had a clinical history of previous MI. Mean lesion length was 25.7±17.3 mm. The primary endpoint of cumulative MACE up to 9 months (from 624 patients reaching 9 months follow-up) occurred in 12 patients (1.92%), including 6 (0.96%) cardiac death, 5 (0.80%) MI and 6 (0.96%) clinically indicated TVR. Definite stent thrombosis was reported in 3 patients (0.48%) and probable stent thrombosis in 2 patients (0.32%).
Conclusions
Use of an ultra-thin strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent in all-comers patients undergoing PCI was associated with good clinical efficacy and safety.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Meril Life
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Affiliation(s)
- I B A Menown
- Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - R De Silva
- Bedford Hospital, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitra
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - R More
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Spyrou
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - A Zaman
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Y Raja
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom
| | - S Tulwar
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - M Sinha
- Salisbury Hospital NHS Trust, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - J Glover
- Basingstoke and North Hamphire Hospital, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - P Clifford
- Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | - F Ordoubadi
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Elghamaz
- Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
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Niclou S, Fritah S, Sarmini M, Jiang W, Muller A, Dieterle M, Mitra R, Golebiewska A, Zhao Z, Azuaje F. SP-0654 Transcriptional response to temozolomide in Glioblastoma reveals critical role of long non-coding RNAs. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Menown IBA, De Silva R, Mitra R, Balachandran K, More R, Spyrou N, Zaman A, Raja Y, Tulwar S, Sinha M, Glover J, Clifford P, Ordoubadi F, Elghamaz A. P1667Efficacy and safety of an ultra-thin strut sirolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer in all-comers patients undergoing coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I B A Menown
- Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - R De Silva
- Bedford Hospital, Cardiology, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitra
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - R More
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Spyrou
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - A Zaman
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Y Raja
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - S Tulwar
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - M Sinha
- Salisbury Hospital NHS Trust, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - J Glover
- Basingstoke and North Hamphire Hospital, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - P Clifford
- Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | - F Ordoubadi
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Elghamaz
- Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Bayraktar E, Ivan C, Fuentes-Mattei E, Ozpolat B, Mitra R, Sood A, Calin G, Lopez-Berestein G. Regulation of hnRNPA1 by microRNAs controls the miR-18a–K-RAS axis in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zei P, Thosani A, Mitra R, Ferguson J, Brodt C, Sakarovitch C, O'riordan G. P1405Minimal fluoroscopy atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: a prospective multicenter registry. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux158.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Bindu B, Mitra R, Singh G. Persistent hypertension after posterior fossa surgery: A case series. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bindu
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Mitra
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Singh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Mitra R, Thiele M, Octa-Smolin F, Letzel MC, Niemeyer J. A bifunctional chiral [2]catenane based on 1,1'-binaphthyl-phosphates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5977-80. [PMID: 27058367 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel [2]catenane was synthesised by ring-closing metathesis from a Ca-bisphosphate template. The resulting interlocked structure features two chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-phosphates, leading to a bifunctional catenane structure. Initial binding studies point at the applicability of such mechanically interlocked bisphosphates as artificial receptors for dicationic guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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Koe AS, Ashokan A, Mitra R. Short environmental enrichment in adulthood reverses anxiety and basolateral amygdala hypertrophy induced by maternal separation. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e729. [PMID: 26836417 PMCID: PMC4872421 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation during early childhood results in greater sensitivity to stressors later in adult life. This is reflected as greater propensity to develop stress-related disorders in humans and animal models, including anxiety and depression. Environmental enrichment (EE) reverses some of the damaging effects of maternal separation in rodent models when provided during peripubescent life, temporally proximal to the separation. It is presently unknown if EE provided outside this critical window can still rescue separation-induced anxiety and neural plasticity. In this report we use a rat model to demonstrate that a single short episode of EE in adulthood reduced anxiety-like behaviour in maternally separated rats. We further show that maternal separation resulted in hypertrophy of dendrites and increase in spine density of basolateral amygdala neurons in adulthood, long after initial stress treatment. This is congruent with prior observations showing centrality of basolateral amygdala hypertrophy in anxiety induced by stress during adulthood. In line with the ability of the adult enrichment to rescue stress-induced anxiety, we show that enrichment renormalized stress-induced structural expansion of the amygdala neurons. These observations argue that behavioural plasticity induced by early adversity can be rescued by environmental interventions much later in life, likely mediated by ameliorating effects of enrichment on basolateral amygdala plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Koe
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Ashokan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore. E-mail:
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Lodge F, Shah A, Mitra R. Progressive breathlessness in a middle-aged man. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Stone MR, Faulkner GE, Mitra R, Buliung RN. The freedom to explore: examining the influence of independent mobility on weekday, weekend and after-school physical activity behaviour in children living in urban and inner-suburban neighbourhoods of varying socioeconomic status. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:5. [PMID: 24450739 PMCID: PMC3902417 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's independent mobility (CIM) is critical to healthy development in childhood. The physical layout and social characteristics of neighbourhoods can impact opportunities for CIM. While global evidence is mounting on CIM, to the authors' knowledge, Canadian data on CIM and related health outcomes (i.e., physical activity (PA) behaviour) are missing. The purpose of this study was to examine if CIM is related to multiple characteristics of accelerometry-measured PA behaviour (total PA, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, time spent sedentary) and whether associations between CIM and PA behaviour systematically vary by place of residence, stratifying by gender and type of day/period (weekdays, after-school, weekend). METHODS Participants were recruited through Project BEAT (Built Environment and Active Transport; http://www.beat.utoronto.ca). Children (n = 856) were stratified into four neighbourhood classifications based on the period of neighbourhood development (urban built environment (BE) (old BE) versus inner-suburban BE (new BE)) and socioeconomic status (SES; low SES and high SES). Physical activity was measured via accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M). CIM was assessed via parental report and two categories were created (low CIM, n = 332; high CIM, n = 524). A series of two-factor ANOVAs were used to determine gender-specific differences in PA for weekdays, weekend days and the after-school period, according to level of CIM, across four neighbourhood classifications. RESULTS Children who were granted at least some independent mobility (high CIM) had more positive PA profiles across the school week, during the after-school period, and over the weekend; they were also less sedentary. The influence of CIM on PA behaviour was particularly salient during the after-school period. Associations of CIM with PA varied by gender, and also by neighbourhood classification. CIM seemed to matter more in urban neighbourhoods for boys and suburban neighbourhoods for girls. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of independent mobility to multiple characteristics of children's PA behaviour across the week. Furthermore, they emphasize that independent mobility-activity relationships need to be considered by gender and the type of neighbourhood independent mobility is offered in. Future work will focus on developing a predictive model of CIM that could be used to inform decision-making around alleviating barriers to CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, PO Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H4R2, Canada.
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Faulkner G, Stone M, Buliung R, Wong B, Mitra R. School travel and children's physical activity: a cross-sectional study examining the influence of distance. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1166. [PMID: 24330459 PMCID: PMC3867216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walking to school is associated with higher levels of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school travel mode and physical activity using a sampling frame that purposefully locates schools in varying neighbourhoods. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 785 children (10.57 ± 0.7 years) in Toronto, Canada. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry and travel mode was self-reported by parents. Linear regression models accounting for school clustering effects examined the associations between mode choice, BMI, and physical activity and were estimated adjusting for age, types of neighbourhoods and travel distance to school. Results Significant associations between walking to school and moderate activity during weekdays were found. Interactions between walking to school and travel distance to school were found only in boys with significant associations between walking to school and higher physical activity levels in those living within 1000–1600 meters from school. Boys walking to school and living in this range accumulated 7.6 more minutes of daily MVPA than boys who were driven. Conclusions Walking to school can make a modest but significant contribution to overall physical activity. This contribution was modified by travel distance and not school neighbourhood socioeconomic status or the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Faulkner
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2W6, Canada.
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Hussain F, Saydam S, Mitra R, Cinar Y. Experimental study for reducing gas inflow by use of thin spray-on liners in underground coal mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743286312y.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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36
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Mitra R, Stallard H. Who should we target for exercise training in different left ventricular dysfunction groups? Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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37
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Mitra R, Crawford S, Barton AF, Briggs S, Orbell JD. A benign approach to the preparation of freshwater bryozoan statoblasts for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2012.672436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Mitra R, Barton AF, Briggs S, Orbell JD. Identification of five bryozoan species in the Northern Mallee Pipeline, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2012.674538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Karmakar PS, Chatterjee S, Mitra R, Bari R, Ray MK, Ghosh A, Ghosh A. Staphylococcal septicaemia associated with peripheral neuropathy in three different clinical settings. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:206-209. [PMID: 24475686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Among the various etiologies of peripheral neuropathy, S. aureus is a rare cause that is not even mentioned in standard textbooks. Here we like to report three clinical scenarios where patients with different manifestations of S. aureus infection developed peripheral neuropathy presenting as quadriparesis, which subsided gradually with control of infection and supportive care. No other known causes of peripheral neuropathy were present in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Karmakar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700 020
| | - S Chatterjee
- JNM College of Medicine, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal
| | - R Mitra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education And Research, Kolkata - 700020
| | - R Bari
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education And Research, Kolkata - 700020
| | - M K Ray
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education And Research, Kolkata - 700020
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education And Research, Kolkata - 700020
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education And Research, Kolkata - 700020
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Mitra R. The utilization of opiates in pain management: use or abuse. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49:93-96. [PMID: 23575202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite governmental regulations, opiate medications continue to be abused in some populations. Some clinicians have advocated non-opioid therapy for pain patients that suffer from non-malignant conditions; while others have suggested that chronic benign pain conditions may successfully be managed with opiates in non-escalating dosages. AIM The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding opiate utilization in the acute and chronic pain population. DESIGN Review. SETTING Europe and United States. POPULATION Acute and chronic adult pain patients. METHODS A computer-aided search of several databases--MEDLINE (1966 to July 2012); EMBASE (Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), 1982 to present; CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO Industries, Glendale, CA), 1982 to July 2012; and all EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) reviews was performed. The search terms were pain, opioid, opiate and narcotic. RESULTS It is generally accepted that WHO step III opioids are indicated and appropriate in malignant conditions, however the utilization of opiates in non-malignant chronic conditions remains controversial. CONCLUSION Limited data does support the utilization of non-escalating dosages of opiates in patients that are closely monitored in non-malignant conditions. Education in opiate utilization and pain management is insufficient in its current form. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Studies demonstrating functional improvements with the utilization of opiate medications are also lacking. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation researchers therefore have an ideal opportunity to positively influence education, regulation and patient care in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitra
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kansas University School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Umapathy S, Pawar A, Mitra R, Khuperkar D, Devaraj JP, Ghosh K, Khopkar U. Hla-a and hla-B alleles associated in psoriasis patients from mumbai, Western India. Indian J Dermatol 2012; 56:497-500. [PMID: 22121262 PMCID: PMC3221207 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.87128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a common autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell-mediated keratinocyte hyperproliferation, is known to be associated with the presence of certain specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles. AIM To evaluate distribution of HLA-A and HLA-B alleles and hence identify the susceptible allele of psoriasis from patients in Western India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design included 84 psoriasis patients and 291 normal individuals as controls from same geographical region. HLA-A and HLA-B typing was done using Serology typing. Standard statistical analysis was followed to identify the odds ratio (OR), allele frequencies, and significant P value using Graphpad software. RESULTS The study revealed significant increase in frequencies of HLA-A2 (OR-3.976, P<0.0001), B8 (OR-5.647, P<0.0001), B17 (OR-5.452, P<0.0001), and B44 (OR-50.460, P<0.0001), when compared with controls. Furthermore, the frequencies of HLA-A28 (OR-0.074, P=0.0024), B5 (OR-0.059, P<0.0001), B12 (OR-0.051, P=0.0002), and B15 (OR-0.237, P=0.0230) were significantly decreased in psoriasis patients. CONCLUSION This study shows the strong association of HLA-A2, B8, and B17 antigens with psoriasis conferring susceptibility to psoriasis patients from Western India, while the antigens HLA-A28, B5, and B12 show strong negative association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankarkumar Umapathy
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 13 Floor, K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Mitra R, Faulkner G. There's no such thing as bad weather, just the wrong clothing: climate, weather and active school transportation in Toronto, Canada. Can J Public Health 2012. [PMID: 23618087 DOI: 10.1007/bf03403833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climatic conditions may enable or deter active school transportation in many North American cities, but the topic remains largely overlooked in the existing literature. This study explores the effect of seasonal climate (i.e., fall versus winter) and weekly weather conditions (i.e., temperature, precipitation) on active travelling to school across different built and policy environments. METHODS Home-to-school trips by 11-12-year-old children in the City of Toronto were examined using data from the 2006 Transportation Tomorrow Survey. Binomial logistic regressions were estimated to explore the correlates of the choice of active (i.e., walking) versus non-active (i.e., private automobile, transit and school bus) mode for school trips. RESULTS Climate and weather-related variables were not associated with choice of school travel mode. Children living within the sidewalk snow-plough zone (i.e., in the inner-suburban neighbourhoods) were less likely to walk to school than children living outside of the zone (i.e., in the inner-city neighbourhoods). CONCLUSION Given that seasonality and short-term weather conditions appear not to limit active school transportation in general, built environment interventions designed to facilitate active travel could have benefits that spill over across the entire year rather than being limited to a particular season. Educational campaigns with strategies for making the trip fun and ensuring that the appropriate clothing choices are made are also warranted in complementing built environment modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON.
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Ghosh M, Song J, Forster JJ, Mitra R, Mukherjee B. On the equivalence of posterior inference based on retrospective and prospective likelihoods: application to a case-control study of colorectal cancer. Stat Med 2012; 31:2196-208. [PMID: 22495822 DOI: 10.1002/sim.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The paper develops a class of priors that leads to equivalent posterior inference for odds ratio parameters based on prospective and retrospective models for categorical response data. The results are applicable to both unmatched and matched case-control studies. The results hold for a general class of link functions for categorical response. The proposed method can accommodate multiple and possibly ordered disease states. The results are applied to the analysis of discrete subtypes in an ongoing case-control study of colorectal cancer. A simulation study illustrates the need for carefully considering prior choices in Bayesian analysis of data collected under retrospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghosh
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kundu S, Mitra R, Chatterjee S, Ghosh A. Young male with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with sensorineural deafness with immune suppression induced miliary tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:662-664. [PMID: 22479750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 32 year male presented with deafness and other classical symptoms suggestive of SLE. Subsequent serological investigations confirmed the diagnosis. Renal biopsy showed the presence of SLE induced Grade V nephropathy. Patient was started on NIH protocol for lupus nephritis on which he was doing well. After two years, he presented with symptoms of miliary tuberculosis and was started on ATD. Subsequently, he developed ATD induced hepatotoxicity and had to be switched over to Inj. Streptomycin containing regimen. We thought to share this clinical experience, as we found it a challenge to manage tuberculosis in such a setting, where a fine balance had to be maintained between immunosuppression for SLE and therapy of TB, and an ototoxic drug had to be used in a patient with deafness induced by SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kundu
- Dept. of Chest Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata 700020
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Juneja PK, Ray A, Mitra R. Model Predictive Control of Important Parameters in a Paper Machine Headbox. Indian Chemical Engineer 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2011.696369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Parker B, Hogstrom K, Gibbons J, Mitra R, Duhon J, Yang C, Wu H. WE-G-BRC-04: A Hub-and-Spoke Residency Model for Meeting the 2014 ABR Mandate. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mishra S, Mitra R. Rational design in suspension rheology of cellular silica. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of complete ponticulus posticus in Indian orthodontic patients. METHODS The presence and types of ponticuli posticus were investigated on 858 lateral cephalograms. RESULTS Complete ponticulus posticus was found in 4.3% of the subjects studied with a male (5.33%) predominance over female in the population (3.76%). CONCLUSIONS Ponticulus posticus is not a rare anomaly and the patient must be told of the implications and importance of detecting ponticulus posticus on a lateral cephalogram. This information can prove beneficial for the diagnosis of head and neck symptoms later.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Department of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411040, India.
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Londhe SM, Kumar P, Mitra R, Kotwal A. Efficacy of Second Molar to Achieve Anchorage Control in Maximum Anchorage Cases. Med J Armed Forces India 2010; 66:220-4. [PMID: 27408305 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of inclusion of second molar in treatment at the outset to reinforce anchorage. METHODS A comparative study comprising of 30 maximum anchorage cases to quantify anchorage loss in two situations was undertaken. Group I consisted of cases in which only first molars were banded and Group II consisted of cases where both first and second molars were banded. A total of seven landmarks were marked and six measurements were recorded on to the pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalogram. RESULT The difference in pre-treatment and post-treatment values of all the variables were statistically significant (p<0.05) except maxillary central incisor vertical movement (U1 VER), implying a significant post-treatment change. Thus in both the treatment approaches U6 and U1 showed a considerable amount of movement in horizontal and vertical direction and there was rotation which brought about change in angular values. CONCLUSION The study has successfully quantified the anchorage loss and brought out the advantages of including second molar in treatment at the outset. Not only the anchorage loss is minimized but inclusion of second molar also helps to maximize incisor retraction and helps control angular movement of molar and incisor. Extra time required for second molar banding is well spent, as the benefits are overwhelming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Londhe
- Consultant (Orthodontics), CMDC (SC), Pune-40
| | - P Kumar
- Officer Commanding, MDC Kirkee
| | - R Mitra
- Associate Professor (Dept of Dental Surgery), AFMC, Pune-40
| | - A Kotwal
- Assoc Prof (Dept of Community Medicine), AFMC, Pune-40
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Mitra R, Cuesta-Alonso E, Wayadande A, Talley J, Gilliland S, Fletcher J. Effect of route of introduction and host cultivar on the colonization, internalization, and movement of the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 in spinach. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1521-30. [PMID: 19681281 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pathogens can contaminate leafy produce in the field by various routes. We hypothesized that interactions between Escherichia coli O157:H7 and spinach are influenced by the route of introduction and the leaf microenvironment. E. coli O157:H7 labeled with green fluorescent protein was dropped onto spinach leaf surfaces, simulating bacteria-laden raindrops or sprinkler irrigation, and survived on the phylloplane for at least 14 days, with increasing titers and areas of colonization over time. The same strains placed into the rhizosphere by soil infiltration remained detectable on very few plants and in low numbers (10(2) to 10(6) CFU/g fresh tissue) that decreased over time. Stem puncture inoculations, simulating natural wounding, rarely resulted in colonization or multiplication. Bacteria forced into the leaf interior survived for at least 14 days in intercellular spaces but did not translocate or multiply. Three spinach cultivars with different leaf surface morphologies were compared for colonization by E. coli O157:H7 introduced by leaf drop or soil drench. After 2 weeks, cv. Bordeaux hosted very few bacteria. More bacteria were seen on cv. Space and were dispersed over an area of up to 0.3 mm2. The highest bacterial numbers were observed on cv. Tyee but were dispersed only up to 0.15 mm2, suggesting that cv. Tyee may provide protected niches or more nutrients or may promote stronger bacterial adherence. These findings suggest that the spinach phylloplane is a supportive niche for E. coli O157:H7, but no conclusive evidence was found for natural entry into the plant interior. The results are relevant for interventions aimed at minimizing produce contamination by human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitra
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Robert E. Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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