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Effects of Gibberellin Pre-Treatment on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiology Characteristics in Industrial Hemp under Drought Stress Condition. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111907. [PMID: 36431042 PMCID: PMC9699587 DOI: 10.3390/life12111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of exogenous gibberellins (GAs) on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) under drought stress. Seeds of two industrial hemp cultivars i.e., 'Yunma 1', (YM) and 'Bamahuoma', (BM) were treated with different concentrations of GA3 solution (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/L) at 20 °C for 8 h. The effect of pre-treatment was assessed on germination characteristics and physiological indexes on subsequent exposure to drought stress using 20% (m/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 7 days. The results revealed that seed germination in hemp was sensitive to drought stress, as the germination indexes (germination rate and germination potential) decreased significantly, and seedling growth (hypocotyl length and radicle length) was impeded under 20% PEG-6000 condition. GA3 pre-treatment affected germination rate, germination potential, hypocotyl length and radicle length. With increasing GA3 concentration, these indexes first increased and then decreased. For seedling physiology characteristics in hemp, GA3-pretreatment remarkedly increased the osmotic regulating substances (soluble sugar and soluble protein contents) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase and POD, peroxidase), while sharply decreased the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) in seedlings grown under PEG-6000 induced drought stress. These results suggested that seeds pre-treated with GA3 could enhance the drought tolerance of hempseeds, and the optimal effect of GA3 for seed pre-treatment of YM and BM could be obtained when the concentration of GA3 solution reached 400 mg/L and 600 mg/L, respectively.
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Li J, Li H, Yin N, Quan X, Wang W, Shan Q, Wang S, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsPIN1 gene and its potential functions in rhizome turning of Leymus secalinus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:753. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Continuous tilling and the lateral growth of rhizomes confer rhizomatous grasses with the unique ability to laterally expand, migrate and resist disturbances. They play key roles especially in degraded grasslands, deserts, sand dunes, and other fragile ecological system. The rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus has both rhizome buds and tiller buds that grow horizontally and upward at the ends of rhizome differentiation and elongation, respectively. The mechanisms of rhizome formation and differentiation in L. secalinus have not yet been clarified.
Results
In this study, we found that the content of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were significantly higher in upward rhizome tips than in horizontal rhizome tips; by contrast, the content of methyl jasmonate and brassinolide were significantly higher in horizontal rhizome tips than in upward rhizome tips. GA3 and IAA could stimulate the formation and turning of rhizomes. An auxin efflux carrier gene, LsPIN1, was identified from L. secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domains of LsPIN1 and the relationship of LsPIN1 with PIN1 genes from other plants were analyzed. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LsPIN1 was localized to the plasma membrane. The length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) were higher in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LsPIN1 than in wild-type (Col-0) plants. Auxin transport was altered and the gravitropic response and phototropic response were stronger in 35S:LsPIN1 transgenic plants compared with Col-0 plants. It also promoted auxin accumulation in root tips.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that LsPIN1 plays key roles in auxin transport and root development. Generally, our results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying rhizome development in L. secalinus.
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153
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Park MH, Malka SK. Gibberellin delays metabolic shift during tomato ripening by inducing auxin signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1045761. [PMID: 36452096 PMCID: PMC9703062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1045761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves the dynamic interaction of phytohormones. Ethylene (ET) and gibberellin (GA) antagonistically affect fruit ripening. However, the mechanism of GA and its potential interaction with ET during fruit ripening remain unknown. To identify the potential molecular mechanism of ET and GA interplay in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening, transcriptome and metabolomic profiling was carried out in tomato fruit treated with GA, ET or the combination of the two hormones (GA+ET). ET accelerated fruit ripening with the simultaneous repression of auxin signaling. In contrast, gibberellin delayed ripening by the upregulation of auxin signaling. ET signaling and response was inhibited by GA or combined with ET. At the metabolite level, while GA treatment inhibited metabolite shift during ripening, ET treatment promoted. In the combined hormone treatment, ET reduced or recovered GA inhibitory effect on specific metabolites. This study provided insight into ET and GA interaction, highlighting the importance of auxin signaling in metabolic shifts during tomato ripening progression.
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Manipulating GA-Related Genes for Cereal Crop Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214046. [PMID: 36430524 PMCID: PMC9696284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is projected to experience a rapid increase in the future, which poses a challenge to global food sustainability. The "Green Revolution" beginning in the 1960s allowed grain yield to reach two billion tons in 2000 due to the introduction of semi-dwarfing genes in cereal crops. Semi-dwarfing genes reduce the gibberellin (GA) signal, leading to short plant stature, which improves the lodging resistance and harvest index under modern fertilization practices. Here, we reviewed the literature on the function of GA in plant growth and development, and the role of GA-related genes in controlling key agronomic traits that contribute to grain yield in cereal crops. We showed that: (1) GA is a significant phytohormone in regulating plant development and reproduction; (2) GA metabolism and GA signalling pathways are two key components in GA-regulated plant growth; (3) GA interacts with other phytohormones manipulating plant development and reproduction; and (4) targeting GA signalling pathways is an effective genetic solution to improve agronomic traits in cereal crops. We suggest that the modification of GA-related genes and the identification of novel alleles without a negative impact on yield and adaptation are significant in cereal crop breeding for plant architecture improvement. We observed that an increasing number of GA-related genes and their mutants have been functionally validated, but only a limited number of GA-related genes have been genetically modified through conventional breeding tools and are widely used in crop breeding successfully. New genome editing technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, hold the promise of validating the effectiveness of GA-related genes in crop development and opening a new venue for efficient and accelerated crop breeding.
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Jia L, Li Y, Tian W, Chen H, Zhu X, He G, Sang X. A very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis gene, SD38, influences plant height by activating ethylene biosynthesis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1084-1097. [PMID: 36196616 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important trait in crop breeding, plant height is associated with lodging resistance and yield. With the identification and cloning of several semi-dwarfing genes, increasing numbers of semi-dwarf cultivars have emerged, which has led to a 'green revolution' in rice (Oryza sativa) production. In this study, we identified a rice semi-dwarf mutant, semi-dwarf 38 (sd38), which showed significantly reduced cell length. SD38 encodes a fatty acid elongase, β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Expression analysis showed that SD38 was localized on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, and was expressed in all analyzed tissues with differential abundance. The mutation of SD38 affected lipid metabolism in the sd38 mutant. A functional complementarity test in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that SD38 was capable of complementing the deficiency of ELO3p activity in BY4741-elo3 knockout yeast cells by participating in the synthesis of C24:0 VLCFA. Significant changes were observed in the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis, which resulted in reduced content of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the sd38 mutant. Exogenously supplied VLCFA (C24:0) increased the expression levels of OsACS3, OsACS4, and OsACO7 and the plant height of sd38 mutant seedlings, similar to the effect of exogenous application of ACC and ethephon. These results reveal a relationship among VLCFAs, ethylene biosynthesis, and plant height and improve our understanding of plant height development in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Jia
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Tian
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua He
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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156
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Ma Z, Jin YM, Wu T, Hu L, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Du X. OsDREB2B, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, negatively regulates plant height by conferring GA metabolism in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007811. [PMID: 36388558 PMCID: PMC9650310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF family is a large group of plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in many biological processes, such as growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. OsDREB2B, a dehydration responsive factor (DRE/CRT) in the DREB subgroup of the AP2/ERF family, is associated with abiotic stress responses, such as cold, drought, salt, and heat stress, in Arabidopsis or rice. However, its role in regulating plant growth and development in rice is unclear. In this study, we reported a new function of OsDREB2B, which negatively regulates plant height in rice. Compared with wild type (WT), OsDREB2B-overexpressing (OE) rice exhibited dwarf phenotypes, such as reduction in plant height, internode length, and seed length, as well as grain yield, while the knockout mutants developed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited similar phenotypes. Spatial expression analysis revealed that OsDREB2B was highly expressed in the leaf sheaths. Under exogenous GA3 application, OsDREB2B expression was induced, and the length of the second leaf sheath of the OsDREB2B-OE lines recovered to that of the WT. OsDREB2B localized to the nucleus of the rice protoplast acted as a transcription activator and upregulated OsAP2-39 by directly binding to its promoter. OsDREB2B-OE lines reduced endogenous bioactive GA levels by downregulating seven GA biosynthesis genes and upregulating eight GA deactivation genes but not GA signaling genes. The yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that OsDREB2B interacted with OsWRKY21. In summary, our study suggests that OsDREB2B plays a negative role in rice growth and development by regulating GA metabolic gene expression, which is mediated by OsAP2-39 and OsWRKY21, thereby reducing GA content and rice plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Ma
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Mei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanjuan Hu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenzhu Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. The distribution of bioactive gibberellins along peach annual shoots is closely associated with PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:730. [PMID: 36307759 PMCID: PMC9615383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid growth of annual shoots is detrimental to peach production. While gibberellin (GA) promotes the rapid growth of peach shoots, there is limited information on the identity and expression profiles of GA-metabolism genes for this species. Results All six GA biosynthetic gene families were identified in the peach genome, and the expression profiles of these family members were determined in peach shoots. The upstream biosynthetic gene families have only one or two members (1 CPS, 2 KSs, and 1 KO), while the downstream gene families have multiple members (7 KAOs, 6 GA20oxs, and 5 GA3oxs). Between the two KS genes, PpKS1 showed a relatively high transcript level in shoots, while PpKS2 was undetectable. Among the seven KAO genes, PpKAO2 was highly expressed in shoots, while PpKAO1 and − 6 were weakly expressed. For the six GA20ox genes, both PpGA20ox1 and − 2 were expressed in shoots, but PpGA20ox1 levels were higher than PpGA20ox2. For the five GA3ox genes, only PpGA3ox1 was highly expressed in shoots. Among these biosynthesis genes, PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 showed a gradual decrease in transcript level along shoots from top to bottom, and a similar trend was observed in bioactive GA1 and GA4 distribution. Among the GA-deactivation genes, PpGA2ox6 was highly expressed in peach shoots. PpGA2ox1 and − 5 transcripts were relatively lower and showed a similar pattern to PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 in peach shoots. Overexpression of PpGA20ox1, − 2, or PpGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis or tobacco promoted or depressed the plant growth, respectively, while PpGA3ox1 did not affect plant height. Transient expression of PpGA20ox1 in peach leaves significantly increased bioactive GA1 content. Conclusions Our results suggest that PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression are closely associated with the distribution of active GA1 and GA4 in peach annual shoots. Our research lays a foundation for future studies into ways to effectively repress the rapid growth of peach shoot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5.
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Tang J, Tian X, Mei E, He M, Gao J, Yu J, Xu M, Liu J, Song L, Li X, Wang Z, Guan Q, Zhao Z, Wang C, Bu Q. WRKY53 negatively regulates rice cold tolerance at the booting stage by fine-tuning anther gibberellin levels. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4495-4515. [PMID: 35972376 PMCID: PMC9614489 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cold tolerance at the booting (CTB) stage is a major factor limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and geographical distribution. A few cold-tolerance genes have been identified, but they either need to be overexpressed to result in CTB or cause yield penalties, limiting their utility for breeding. Here, we characterize the function of the cold-induced transcription factor WRKY53 in rice. The wrky53 mutant displays increased CTB, as determined by higher seed setting. Low temperature is associated with lower gibberellin (GA) contents in anthers in the wild type but not in the wrky53 mutant, which accumulates slightly more GA in its anthers. WRKY53 directly binds to the promoters of GA biosynthesis genes and transcriptionally represses them in anthers. In addition, we uncover a possible mechanism by which GA regulates male fertility: SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) interacts with and sequesters two critical transcription factors for tapetum development, UNDEVELOPED TAPETUM1 (UDT1), and TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION (TDR), and GA alleviates the sequestration by SLR1, thus allowing UDT1 and TDR to activate transcription. Finally, knocking out WRKY53 in diverse varieties increases cold tolerance without a yield penalty, leading to a higher yield in rice subjected to cold stress. Together, these findings provide a target for improving CTB in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Enyang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lu Song
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qingjie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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159
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Stegelmeier AA, Rose DM, Joris BR, Glick BR. The Use of PGPB to Promote Plant Hydroponic Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202783. [PMID: 36297807 PMCID: PMC9611108 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Improvements to the world's food supply chain are needed to ensure sufficient food is produced to meet increasing population demands. Growing food in soilless hydroponic systems constitutes a promising strategy, as this method utilizes significantly less water than conventional agriculture, can be situated in urban areas, and can be stacked vertically to increase yields per acre. However, further research is needed to optimize crop yields in these systems. One method to increase hydroponic plant yields involves adding plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) into these systems. PGPB are organisms that can significantly increase crop yields via a wide range of mechanisms, including stress reduction, increases in nutrient uptake, plant hormone modulation, and biocontrol. The aim of this review is to provide critical information for researchers on the current state of the use of PGPB in hydroponics so that meaningful advances can be made. An overview of the history and types of hydroponic systems is provided, followed by an overview of known PGPB mechanisms. Finally, examples of PGPB research that has been conducted in hydroponic systems are described. Amalgamating the current state of knowledge should ensure that future experiments can be designed to effectively transition results from the lab to the farm/producer, and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Stegelmeier
- Ceragen Inc., 151 Charles St W, Suite 199, Kitchener, ON N2G 1H6, Canada
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Danielle M. Rose
- Ceragen Inc., 151 Charles St W, Suite 199, Kitchener, ON N2G 1H6, Canada
| | - Benjamin R. Joris
- Ceragen Inc., 151 Charles St W, Suite 199, Kitchener, ON N2G 1H6, Canada
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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160
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Comprehensive Phytohormone Profiling of Kohlrabi during In Vitro Growth and Regeneration: The Interplay with Cytokinin and Sucrose. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101585. [PMID: 36295020 PMCID: PMC9604816 DOI: 10.3390/life12101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of an efficient protocol for in vitro growth and regeneration of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) allowed us to closely examine the phytohormone profiles of kohlrabi seedlings at four growth stages (T1-T4), additionally including the effects of cytokinins (CKs)-trans-zeatin (transZ) and thidiazuron (TDZ)-and high sucrose concentrations (6% and 9%). Resulting phytohormone profiles showed complex time-course patterns. At the T2 stage of control kohlrabi plantlets (with two emerged true leaves), levels of endogenous CK free bases and gibberellin GA20 increased, while increases in jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-acetamide (IAM) peaked later, at T3. At the same time, the content of most of the analyzed IAA metabolites decreased. Supplementing growth media with CK induced de novo formation of shoots, while both CK and sucrose treatments caused important changes in most of the phytohormone groups at each developmental stage, compared to control. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that sucrose treatment, especially at 9%, had a stronger effect on the content of endogenous hormones than CK treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the dynamic balance between the levels of certain bioactive phytohormone forms and some of their metabolites could be lost or reversed at particular growth stages and under certain CK or sucrose treatments, with correlation values changing between strongly positive and strongly negative. Our results indicate that the kohlrabi phytohormonome is a highly dynamic system that changes greatly along the developmental time scale and also during de novo shoot formation, depending on exogenous factors such as the presence of growth regulators and different sucrose concentrations in the growth media, and that it interacts intensively with these factors to facilitate certain responses.
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Li L, Wang J, Chen J, Wang Z, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu A. Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses of Growth in Neolamarckia cadamba Stimulated by Exogenous Gibberellins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911842. [PMID: 36233144 PMCID: PMC9569647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) play a crucial role in plant growth and development, such as seed germination, flowering, fruiting, and stem elongation. Although many biological roles of GAs have been studied intensively, the molecular mechanisms of GAs in woody plants are still unclear. (2) In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous application of GAs on Neolamarckia cadamba. (3) The height and biomass of N. cadamba increased after 7 days of GA treatment, especially on the second internode. Transcriptome analysis showed that although the majority of genes involved in the GA signaling pathway were up-regulated, the expression of GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) and GA3 oxidase (GA3ox) was down-regulated in the 3 days GA-treated group compared to the CK group. The expression of the cell elongation-related basic helix-loop-helix genes bHLH74 and bHLH49 was up-regulated in the GA-treated group compared with the CK group. Transcriptional expression levels of transcription factors involved in hormone signaling were changed, mainly including bHLH, ethylene response factor (ERF), and WRKY families. In addition, the transcriptional expression level of the key enzymes engaged in the phenylalanine pathway was downregulated after GA treatment. (4) In brief, our findings reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms of exogenous GA treatment stimulation in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (A.W.)
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Li YW, Yang CL, Peng H, Nie ZK, Shi TQ, Huang H. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mutagenesis combined with fermentation optimization to enhance gibberellic acid GA3 yield in Fusarium fujikuroi. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:106. [PMID: 38647889 PMCID: PMC10991607 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth hormone that plays an important role in the production of crops, fruits, and vegetables with a wide market share. Due to intrinsic advantages, liquid fermentation of Fusarium fujikuroi has become the sole method for industrial GA3 production, but the broader application of GA3 is hindered by low titer. In this study, we combined atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) with ketoconazole-based screening to obtain the mutant strain 3-6-1 with high yield of GA3. Subsequently, the medium composition and fermentation parameters were systematically optimized to increase the titer of GA3, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase compared with the titer obtained under the initial conditions. Finally, considering that the strain is prone to substrate inhibition and glucose repression, a new strategy of fed-batch fermentation was adopted to increase the titer of GA3 to 575.13 mg/L, which was 13.86% higher than the control. The strategy of random mutagenesis combined with selection and fermentation optimization developed in this study provides a basis for subsequent research on the industrial production of GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ling Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kui Nie
- Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd., Salt and Chemical Industry, Xingan, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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163
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Zhang X, Zhao B, Sun Y, Feng Y. Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978223. [PMID: 36267949 PMCID: PMC9578688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural plants such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants are crucial to human life and socioeconomic development. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid compounds, control numerous developmental processes of plants. The roles of GAs in regulating growth and development of horticultural plants, and in regulating significant progress have been clarified. These findings have significant implications for promoting the quality and quantity of the products of horticultural plants. Here we review recent progress in determining the roles of GAs (including biosynthesis and signaling) in regulating plant stature, axillary meristem outgrowth, compound leaf development, flowering time, and parthenocarpy. These findings will provide a solid foundation for further improving the quality and quantity of horticultural plants products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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REN J, WU Y, ZHU Z, CHEN R, ZHANG L. Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:761-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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165
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Wang S, Wang Y. Harnessing hormone gibberellin knowledge for plant height regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1945-1953. [PMID: 35857075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop plant height ideotypes. Plant height holds significance for natural beauty and agricultural revolution. The increased grain productivity during the Green Revolution of the 1960s is partly attributed to the reshaping of plant stature, which is conferred by changes in phytohormone gibberellin (GA) metabolism or signaling. GA fine-tunes multiple aspects of biological events and plays a pivotal role in plant height determinant. Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop ideal plant height to meet the future demand. Here, we present an overview of characterized GA pathway genes for plant height regulation. Novel alleles of Green Revolution genes sd1 and Rht are specially delineated. Through interactome analysis, we uncover GA20ox and GA3ox family members as central hub modulators of GA pathway. Empowered by GA knowledge, we suggest ways towards design breeding of plant height ideotypes through harnessing the alterations of GA cascade. We highlight the utility of genome editing to generate weak alleles to circumvent side effects of GA pathway perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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166
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Wang Y, Shen Z, Feng F, Chen X, Song L, Wan Q, Ma L, Ge J, Cheng J, Ren L, Yu X. Isolation, characterization and application of the epoxiconazole-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp. F1 in a soil-vegetable system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135463. [PMID: 35753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) has a long half-life in soil and causes various toxicological effects in both the ecosystem and mammals. In this study, eight strains of bacteria capable of degrading EPX were isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil, with strain F1 showing the best effect. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and physiological-biochemical analyses. Our results indicated that strain F1 has a high capacity to degrade EPX, removing 92.1% of EPX within 6 days. The temperature and pH were the two most important environmental factors affecting EPX degradation, followed by substrate concentration and inoculum dose. In addition, strain F1 has a high capacity to promote EPX degradation in soils, with a lower t1/2 value (2.64 d) in F1-inoculated soil compared to the control (t1/2 = 96.3 d) without strain F1. The strain could efficiently colonize rhizosphere soil and enhance degradation of EPX, leading to a significant decrease in the accumulation and translocation of EPX in vegetables, thereby alleviating the effects of EPX-induced stress on plants. Moreover, we observed that strain F1-gfp was able to colonize the roots, stems and leaves of Brassica rapa var. chinensis. Such colonization may play a role in the efficient degradation of EPX within plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate biodegradation of EPX in a soil-vegetable system using an EPX-degrading bacterium. This study indicates that strain F1 is a promising candidate for simultaneous bioremediation of soil contaminated with EPX and safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhihui Shen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lixiao Song
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liyun Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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167
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Yun P, Li Y, Wu B, Zhu Y, Wang K, Li P, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, Li Z, He Y. OsHXK3 encodes a hexokinase-like protein that positively regulates grain size in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3417-3431. [PMID: 35941236 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of SNG1, which encodes OsHXK3, a hexokinase-like protein that plays a pivotal role in controlling grain size in rice. Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Here, we report the discovery of rice mutant short and narrow grain1 (sng1) with reduced grain length, width and weight. Map-based cloning revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by loss of function of gene OsHXK3 that encodes a hexokinase-like (HKL) protein. OsHXK3 was associated with the mitochondria and was ubiquitously distributed in various organs, predominately in younger organs. Analysis of glucose (Glc) phosphorylation activities in young panicles and protoplasts showed that OsHXK3 was a non-catalytic hexokinase (HXK). Overexpression of OsHXK3 could not complement the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1 (gin2-1) mutant, indicating that OsHXK3 lacked Glc signaling activity. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that OsHXK3 affects grain size by promoting spikelet husk cell expansion. Knockout of other nine OsHXK genes except OsHXK3 individually did not change grain size, indicating that functions of OsHXKs have differentiated in rice. OsHXK3 influences gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and homeostasis. Compared with wild type, OsGA3ox2 was significantly up-regulated and OsGA2ox1 was significantly down-regulated in young panicle of sng1, and concentrations of biologically active GAs were significantly decreased in young panicles of the mutants. The yield per plant of OsHXK3 overexpression lines (OE-4 and OE-35) was increased by 10.91% and 7.62%, respectively, compared to that of wild type. Our results provide evidence that an HXK lacking catalytic and sensory functions plays an important role in grain size and has the potential to increase yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yibo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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168
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Dutt M, Mahmoud LM, Nehela Y, Grosser JW, Killiny N. The Citrus sinensis TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (CsTAC1) gene regulates tree architecture in sweet oranges by modulating the endogenous hormone content. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111401. [PMID: 35905898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is a major fruit crop cultivated on a global scale. Citrus trees are long lived perennials with a large canopy. Understanding the genetic control of tree architecture could provide tools for breeding and selection of citrus cultivars suitable for high density planting with improved light exposure. Tree architecture is modulated by the TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) gene which plays an important role in the regulation of the shoot angle. Herein, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout the CsTAC1 gene for the biochemical and molecular analysis of its function. Nine transgenic lines were obtained, and five edited plants were confirmed based on T7EI mismatch detection assay and Sanger sequencing. The transgenic citrus lines exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, including differences in branch angle and stem growth. Additionally, silencing CsTAC1 led to enhanced CsLAZY1 transcript levels in the tested lines. Analysis of the phytohormonal profile revealed that TAC1-edited plants exhibited lower auxin contents and increased cytokinin levels in the leaves compared to the wild-type plants. The GA7 gibberellin level was enhanced in most of the edited lines. Collectively, TAC1 affects branch angle in association with hormone signals in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA.
| | - Lamiaa M Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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169
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Yang QX, Chen D, Zhao Y, Zhang XY, Zhao M, Peng R, Sun NX, Baldwin TC, Yang SC, Liang YL. RNA-seq analysis reveals key genes associated with seed germination of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li by cold stratification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021572. [PMID: 36247582 PMCID: PMC9555243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy for environmental evolution. However, the molecular mechanism of the breaking of seed dormancy at cold temperatures is still unclear, and the genetic regulation of germination initiated by exposure to cold temperature requires further investigation. In the initial phase of the current study, the seed coat characteristics and embryo development of Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li at different temperatures (0°C, 4°C, 10°C & 25°C) was recorded. The results obtained demonstrated that embryo elongation and the dormancy-breaking was most significantly affected at 4°C. Subsequently, transcriptome analyses of seeds in different states of dormancy, at two stratification temperatures (4°C and 25°C) was performed, combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and metabolomics, to explore the transcriptional regulation of seed germination in F. taipaiensis at the two selected stratification temperatures. The results showed that stratification at the colder temperature (4°C) induced an up-regulation of gene expression involved in gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin biosynthesis and the down-regulation of genes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway. Thereby promoting embryo development and the stimulation of seed germination. Collectively, these data constitute a significant advance in our understanding of the role of cold temperatures in the regulation of seed germination in F. taipaiensis and also provide valuable transcriptomic data for seed dormancy for other non-model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xiong Yang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian-Xi Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Timothy Charles Baldwin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural Waseda University, Fengyuan, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Thiebaut F, Urquiaga MCDO, Rosman AC, da Silva ML, Hemerly AS. The Impact of Non-Nodulating Diazotrophic Bacteria in Agriculture: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms That Benefit Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911301. [PMID: 36232602 PMCID: PMC9569789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is facing increasing challenges with regard to achieving sustainable growth in productivity without negatively impacting the environment. The use of bioinoculants is emerging as a sustainable solution for agriculture, especially bioinoculants based on diazotrophic bacteria. Brazil is at the forefront of studies intended to identify beneficial diazotrophic bacteria, as well as in the molecular characterization of this association on both the bacterial and plant sides. Here we highlight the main advances in molecular studies to understand the benefits brought to plants by diazotrophic bacteria. Different molecular pathways in plants are regulated both genetically and epigenetically, providing better plant performance. Among them, we discuss the involvement of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, cell wall formation, antioxidant metabolism, and regulation of phytohormones that can coordinate plant responses to environmental factors. Another important aspect in this regard is how the plant recognizes the microorganism as beneficial. A better understanding of plant–bacteria–environment interactions can assist in the future formulation of more efficient bioinoculants, which could in turn contribute to more sustainable agriculture practices.
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171
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Sharma VK, Parmar S, Tang W, Hu H, White JF, Li H. Effects of fungal seed endophyte FXZ2 on Dysphania ambrosioides Zn/Cd tolerance and accumulation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:995830. [PMID: 36212824 PMCID: PMC9532605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.995830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-induced oxidative stress in contaminated soils affects plant growth. In the present study, we evaluated the role of seed endophyte FXZ2 on Dysphania ambrosioides Zn/Cd tolerance and accumulation. A series of pot experiments were conducted under variable Zn (500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg kg–1) and Cd (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg kg–1). The results demonstrated that FXZ2-inoculation significantly enhanced the growth of D. ambrosioides and improved its chlorophyll and GSH content. In the rhizosphere, FXZ2 inoculation changed the chemical speciation of Zn/Cd and thus affected their uptake and accumulation in host plants. The exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions (F1 + F2) of Zn decreased in the rhizosphere of FXZ2-inoculated plants (E+) as compared to non-inoculated plants (E-) under Zn stress (500 and 1,000 mg kg–1), correspondingly, Zn in the shoots of E+ decreased (p < 0.05). However, at Cd stress (30 and 60 mg kg–1), the F1 + F2 fractions of Cd in E+ rhizospheric soils increased; subsequently, Cd in the shoots of E+ increased (p < 0.05). FXZ2 could exogenously secrete phytohormones IAA, GA, and JA. The study suggests that seed endophyte FXZ2 can increase Zn/Cd tolerance of host plant by altering Zn/Cd speciation in rhizospheric soils, as well as exogenous production of phytohormones to promote growth, lowering oxidative damage while enhancing antioxidant properties. For Zn/Cd accumulation, it has opposite effects: Zn uptake in E+ plants was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while Cd accumulation in E+ plants was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Thus, FXZ2 has excellent application prospects in Cd phytoextraction and decreasing Zn toxicity in agriculturally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K. Sharma
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shobhika Parmar
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Haiyan Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Li,
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172
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Sarkar A, Foderaro T, Kramer L, Markley AL, Lee J, Traylor MJ, Fox JM. Evolution-Guided Biosynthesis of Terpenoid Inhibitors. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3015-3027. [PMID: 35984356 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, the largest and most structurally diverse group of natural products, include a striking variety of biologically active compounds, from flavors to medicines. Despite their well-documented biochemical versatility, the evolutionary processes that generate new functional terpenoids are poorly understood and difficult to recapitulate in engineered systems. This study uses a synthetic biochemical objective─a transcriptional system that links the inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a human drug target, to the expression of a gene for antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli)─to evolve a terpene synthase to produce enzyme inhibitors. Site saturation mutagenesis of poorly conserved residues on γ-humulene synthase (GHS), a promicuous enzyme, yielded mutants that improved fitness (i.e., the antibiotic resistance of E. coli) by reducing GHS toxicity and/or by increasing inhibitor production. Intriguingly, a combination of two mutations enhanced the titer of a minority product─a terpene alcohol that inhibits PTP1B─by over 50-fold, and a comparison of similar mutants enabled the identification of a site where mutations permit efficient hydroxylation. Findings suggest that the plasticity of terpene synthases enables an efficient sampling of structurally distinct starting points for building new functional molecules and provide an experimental framework for exploiting this plasticity in activity-guided screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tom Foderaro
- Think Bioscience, Inc., A1B43 MCDB, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Levi Kramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Andrew L Markley
- Think Bioscience, Inc., A1B43 MCDB, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jessica Lee
- Think Bioscience, Inc., A1B43 MCDB, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew J Traylor
- Think Bioscience, Inc., A1B43 MCDB, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jerome M Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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173
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Zhao L, Li M, Ma X, Luo D, Zhou Q, Liu W, Liu Z. Transcriptome analysis and identification of abscisic acid and gibberellin-related genes during seed development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:651. [PMID: 36100883 PMCID: PMC9472388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated plant. Unlike many crops, the main goal of breeding alfalfa is to increase its aboveground biomass rather than the biomass of its seeds. However, the low yield of alfalfa seeds limits alfalfa production. Many studies have explored the factors affecting seed development, in which phytohormones, especially ABA and GAs, play an important role in seed development. RESULTS Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of alfalfa seeds at five development stages. A total of 16,899 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and classified into 10 clusters, and the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were determined. The contents of ABA, GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7 in alfalfa seeds at five development stages were determined. In addition, 14 ABA-related DEGs and 20 GA-related DEGs were identified and analysed. These DEGs are involved in plant hormone pathways and play an important role in seed development. Moreover, morphological and physiological analyses revealed the dynamic changes during the development of alfalfa seeds. CONCLUSION Overall, our study is the first to analyse the transcriptome across various stages of seed development in alfalfa. The results of our study could be used to improve alfalfa seed yield. The key ABA and GA related-genes are potential targets for improving alfalfa seed yield via genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
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174
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Zhu Z, Quan R, Chen G, Yu G, Li X, Han Z, Xu W, Li G, Shi J, Li B. An R2R3-MYB transcription factor VyMYB24, isolated from wild grape Vitis yanshanesis J. X. Chen., regulates the plant development and confers the tolerance to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:966641. [PMID: 36160974 PMCID: PMC9495713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In grapevines, the MYB transcription factors play an important regulatory role in the phenylpropanoid pathway including proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, and flavonoid biosynthesis. However, the role of MYB in abiotic stresses is not clear. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, VyMYB24, was isolated from a high drought-tolerant Chinese wild Vitis species V. yanshanesis. Our findings demonstrated that it was involved in plant development and drought tolerance. VyMYB24 is a nuclear protein and is significantly induced by drought stress. When over-expressed in tobacco, VyMYB24 caused plant dwarfing including plant height, leaf area, flower size, and seed weight. The GA1+3 content in transgenic plants was reduced significantly, and spraying exogenous gibberellin could recover the dwarf phenotype of VyMYB24 transgenic plants, suggesting that VyMYB24 might inhibit plant development by the regulation of gibberellin (GA) metabolism. Under drought stress, the VyMYB24 transgenic plants improved their tolerance to drought with a lower wilting rate, lower relative electrical conductivity, and stronger roots. Compared to wild-type tobacco plants, VyMYB24 transgenic plants accumulated less reactive oxygen, accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulated gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) genes. In addition, transgenic plants accumulated more proline, and their related synthetic genes NtP5CR and NtP5CS genes were significantly upregulated when exposed to drought. Besides, abiotic stress-responsive genes, NtDREB, NtERD10C, NtERD10D, and NtLEA5, were upregulated significantly in VyMYB24 transgenic plants. These results indicate that VyMYB24 plays a positive regulatory role in response to drought stress and also regulates plant development, which provides new evidence to further explore the molecular mechanism of drought stress of the MYB gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Quan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujie Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiangli Shi
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
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175
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Ma Y, Wang J, Yang T, Dong J, Yang W, Chen L, Zhou L, Chen J, Liu B, Zhang S, Edwards D, Zhao J. Genome-wide association mapping and gene expression analysis identify OsCPS1 as a new candidate gene controlling early seedling length in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976669. [PMID: 36119573 PMCID: PMC9478204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High seedling vigor can improve the ability to compete against weeds and flooding at the seedling stage and is essential for the direct seeding of rice. Early shoot length is an important performance index in seedling vigor evaluation. However, information on the identity of rice germplasm with high seedling vigor, and the genetic basis of seedling vigor are not well understood. In this study, we have conducted a genome-wide association study using 302 international diverse rice accessions from the Rice Diversity Panel 2. Six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to associate with shoot length (SL). The locus qSL2 was further analyzed for candidate gene characterization. We identified OsCPS1, which encodes CDP synthase and functions in GA (Gibberellins) biosynthesis in rice, exhibits differential expression between long and short SL accessions. Using the Nipponbare genome sequence as the reference, we identified a 36 bp deletion in the 5' UTR of OsCPS1 in long SL accessions, which is absent in short SL accessions. GA content analysis showed that the levels of bioactive GA1 and GA4 are considerably higher in long SL accessions than in short SL accessions. Genome-wide gene expression analysis indicated the expression of some photosynthesis genes is higher in long SL accessions than in short SL accessions. In contrast, genes involved in ABA (Abscisic Acid)-activated signal pathway showed lower expression in long SL accessions. Population analysis across wild rice, indica and japonica, suggested that OsCPS1 may be under selection in japonica during domestication. The results suggest that OsCPS1 is a candidate gene underlying qSL2. These data provide a promising source for candidate genetic variation associated with seedling vigor, with practical applications in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Ma
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tifeng Yang
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Chen
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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176
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Liu H, Yuan L, Guo W, Wu W. Transcription factor TERF1 promotes seed germination under osmotic conditions by activating gibberellin acid signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111350. [PMID: 35709980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is the first step of seedling establishment, which is particularly sensitive to drought stress. Elucidating the mechanism regulating seed germination under drought stress is of great importance. We showed that overexpressing Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway, significantly reduced seed sensitivity to mannitol treatment during seed germination. Germination assay demonstrated that TERF1 could activate gibberellin acid (GA) signaling pathway independent on GA metabolism during germination. By comparative transcriptome analysis (mannitol vs normal germination condition, mannitol vs mannitol plus paclobutrazol (PAC, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis)) we identified the genes regulated by TERF1 specifically under mannitol treatment and confirmed that TERF1 could activate GA signaling pathway independent on GA metabolism, which were consistent with the germination assay with mannitol and mannitol plus PAC treatment. Based on sugar, gene expression and germination analysis we proved that TERF1 promoted seed germination through glucose signaling pathway mediated by GA. Thus our study provides an underlying mechanism for activating GA signaling pathway by TERF1 during seed germination under osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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177
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Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Villmer J, Husic N, Wang N, Gebre E, Girma D, Chanyalew S, Assefa K, Tabor G, Gehan M, McGrone M, Yang M, Lenderts B, Schwartz C, Gao H, Gordon‐Kamm W, Taylor NJ, MacKenzie DJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated tetra-allelic mutation of the 'Green Revolution' SEMIDWARF-1 (SD-1) gene confers lodging resistance in tef (Eragrostis tef). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1716-1729. [PMID: 35560779 PMCID: PMC9398311 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tef is a staple food and a valuable cash crop for millions of people in Ethiopia. Lodging is a major limitation to tef production, and for decades, the development of lodging resistant varieties proved difficult with conventional breeding approaches. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce knockout mutations in the tef orthologue of the rice SEMIDWARF-1 (SD-1) gene to confer semidwarfism and ultimately lodging resistance. High frequency recovery of transgenic and SD-1 edited tef lines was achieved in two tef cultivars by Agrobacterium-mediated delivery into young leaf explants of gene editing reagents along with transformation and regeneration enhancing morphogenic genes, BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL2 (WUS2). All of the 23 lines analyzed by next-generation sequencing had at least two or more alleles of SD-1 mutated. Of these, 83% had tetra-allelic frameshift mutations in the SD-1 gene in primary tef regenerants, which were inherited in subsequent generations. Phenotypic data generated on T1 and T2 generations revealed that the sd-1 lines have reduced culm and internode lengths with no reduction in either panicle or peduncle lengths. These characteristics are comparable with rice sd-1 plants. Measurements of lodging, in greenhouse-grown plants, showed that sd-1 lines have significantly higher resistance to lodging at the heading stage compared with the controls. This is the first demonstration of the feasibility of high frequency genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in this highly valuable but neglected crop. The findings reported here highlight the potential of genome editing for the improvement of lodging resistance and other important traits in tef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Nada Husic
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Dejene Girma
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Kebebew Assefa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Malia Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
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178
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Anand G, Gupta R, Marash I, Leibman-Markus M, Bar M. Cytokinin production and sensing in fungi. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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179
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Xing M, Li H, Liu G, Zhu B, Zhu H, Grierson D, Luo Y, Fu D. A MADS-box transcription factor, SlMADS1, interacts with SlMACROCALYX to regulate tomato sepal growth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111366. [PMID: 35779674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, sepals play important roles in the development of flowers and fruit, and both processes are regulated by MADS-box (MADS) transcription factors (TFs). SlMADS1 was previously reported to act as a negative regulator of fruit ripening. In this study, expression analysis shown that its transcripts were very highly expressed during the development of sepals. To test the role of SlMADS1, we generated KO-SlMADS1 (knock-out) tomato mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology and over-expression of SlMADS1 (OE-SlMADS1). The sepals and individual cells of KO-SlMADS1 mutants were significantly elongated, compared with the wild type (WT), whereas the sepals of OE-SlMADS1 tomatoes were significantly shorter and their cells were wider. RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) of sepal samples showed that ethylene-, gibberellin-, auxin-, cytokinin- and cell wall metabolism-related genes were significantly affected in both KO-SlMADS1 and OE-SlMADS1 plants with altered sepal size. Since SlMACROCALYX (MC) is known to regulate the development of tomato sepals, we also studied the relationship between SlMC and SlMADS1 and the result showed that SlMADS1 interacts directly with SlMC. In addition, we also found that manipulating SlMADS1 expression alters the development of tomato plant leaves, roots and plant height. These results enrich our understanding of sepal development and the function of SlMADS1 throughout the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Xing
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gangshuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China; Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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180
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Effect of priming with gibberellic acid on acorn germination and growth of plants of Quercus robur and Q. rubra (Fagaceae). UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj79.04.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of pre-sowing priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) solution (50 mg/L) on acorn germination and growth characteristics of 47-day-old plants of Quercus robur and Q. rubra was studied under laboratory conditions. The priming effect varied depending on the oak species and development phase of the plants. After priming, 86% of Q. robur acorns germinated that exceeded the control by 25%, while the number of sprouted acorns of Q. rubra was at the control level and amounted to 85%. The 47-day-old plants of Q. robur were divided into three groups: (1) sprouted acorns with cracked pericarp and main root; (2) seedlings with formed epicotyl and apical bud; (3) seedlings with unopened true leaves of juvenile type. The plants of Q. rubra were divided into two groups: (1) seedlings with formed epicotyl and apical bud; (2) seedlings with open true leaves. In plants of Q. robur, priming caused decrease of biomass in cotyledons, while no visible changes were found for those of Q. rubra. An increase in growth characteristics, fresh and dry biomass accumulation was noted for all Q. robur plants whereas thickening of shoots was observed only in seedlings of the second group. Instead, hormone treatment of acorns of Q. rubra led to inhibition of growth processes in plants of both groups. In general, priming with GA3 solution enhanced germination of acorns and stimulated growth of Q. robur plants and, conversely, slowed the growth of Q. rubra plants. Exogenous GA3 did not eliminate the syndrome of unfriendly seedlings of the studied oak species, but improved the viability of acorns and increased the number of seedlings/shoots.
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181
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Liu M, Huang L, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Wang N. Overexpression of PdeGATA3 results in a dwarf phenotype in poplar by promoting the expression of PdeSTM and altering the content of gibberellins. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:tpac086. [PMID: 35980326 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) has been identified to be an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of GA, and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) can repress the expression of GA20ox. In this study, the GATA transcription factor PdeGATA3 was identified in the poplar line NL895, and its overexpression (OE) transgenic lines showed a dwarf phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis suggested that OE PdeGATA3 could promote the expression of PdeSTM and repress the expression of PdeGA20ox. Therefore, we hypothesized that PdeGATA3 would directly promote the expression of PdeSTM and that PdeSTM would repress the expression of PdeGA20ox. Four experiments, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, GUS transient coexpression assay, yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, were conducted and verified that PdeGATA3 could promote the expression of PdeSTM by binding GATA-Boxes in its promoter. OE PdeSTM in poplar resulted in a dwarf phenotype and repressed the expression of PdeGA20ox. GA measurement of the OE PdeSTM and PdeGATA3 lines showed that GA3 and GA4 contents were significantly lower than those in the wild type (WT). Accordingly, we put forward a regulation model involving plant height regulation by PdeGATA3, PdeSTM and PdeGA20ox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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182
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Modeling reveals posttranscriptional regulation of GA metabolism enzymes in response to drought and cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121288119. [PMID: 35878042 PMCID: PMC9351370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121288119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) controls plant growth and regulates growth responses to environmental stress. In monocotyledonous leaves, GA controls growth by regulating division-zone size. We used a systems approach to investigate the establishment of the GA distribution in the maize leaf growth zone to understand how drought and cold alter leaf growth. By developing and parameterizing a multiscale computational model that includes cell movement, growth-induced dilution, and metabolic activities, we revealed that the GA distribution is predominantly determined by variations in GA metabolism. Considering wild-type and UBI::GA20-OX-1 leaves, the model predicted the peak in GA concentration, which has been shown to determine division-zone size. Drought and cold modified enzyme transcript levels, although the model revealed that this did not explain the observed GA distributions. Instead, the model predicted that GA distributions are also mediated by posttranscriptional modifications increasing the activity of GA 20-oxidase in drought and of GA 2-oxidase in cold, which we confirmed by enzyme activity measurements. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the role of GA metabolism in plant growth regulation.
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183
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Lee MB, Shekasteband R, Hutton SF, Lee TG. A mutant allele of the flowering promoting factor 1 gene at the tomato BRACHYTIC locus reduces plant height with high quality fruit. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e422. [PMID: 35949955 PMCID: PMC9352537 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced plant height due to shortened stems is beneficial for improving crop yield potential, better resilience to biotic/abiotic stresses, and rapid crop producer adoption of the agronomic and management practices. Breeding tomato plants with a reduced height, however, poses a particular challenge because this trait is often associated with a significant fruit size (weight) reduction. The tomato BRACHYTIC (BR) locus controls plant height. Genetic mapping and genome assembly revealed three flowering promoting factor 1 (FPF1) genes located within the BR mapping interval, and a complete coding sequence deletion of the telomere proximal FPF1 (Solyc01g066980) was found in the br allele but not in BR. The knock-out of Solyc01g066980 in BR large-fruited fresh-market tomato reduced the height and fruit yield, but the ability to produce large size fruits was retained. However, concurrent yield evaluation of a pair of sister lines with or without the br allele revealed that artificial selection contributes to commercially acceptable yield potential in br tomatoes. A network analysis of gene-expression patterns across genotypes, tissues, and the gibberellic acid (GA) treatment revealed that member(s) of the FPF1 family may play a role in the suppression of the GA biosynthesis in roots and provided a framework for identifying the responsible molecular signaling pathways in br-mediated phenotypic changes. Lastly, mutations of br homologs also resulted in reduced height. These results shed light on the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which the br allele alters tomato architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Bo Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
| | - Reza Shekasteband
- Department of Horticultural ScienceNorth Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension CenterMills RiverNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samuel F. Hutton
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Breeders Working GroupUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Tong Geon Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Breeders Working GroupUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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184
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Wu Q, Sun J, Fu J, Yu H, Wang X, Wang S, Adhikari PB, Deng X, Xu Q. Genome-wide identification of ovate family in Citrus and functional characterization of CitOFP19. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111328. [PMID: 35696928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape is an important trait for fruit appearance and commercial value. Diversity of fruit-shape has been utilized in the breeding of pummelo (Citrus maxima), a basic species in Citrus. However, little is known about genetic basis of fruit shape in citrus. In this study, we identified 16 OVATE family protein (OFP) genes in the pummelo genome. Phylogenetically, they were classified into three subfamilies, which was consistent with the classification of their Arabidopsis orthologs. Synteny analysis suggested that segment and tandem duplications were responsible for their expansion in pummelo. Expression pattern analysis of Citrus OFPs (CitOFPs) showed that CitOFP19 had significantly higher expression level in the ovaries of round pummelo than in those of pear-shaped pummelo. Heterologous overexpression of CitOFP19 in tomato resulted in pear-shaped ovary and fruit shape. Taken together, this study characterized OVATE gene family in Citrus genome and assessed the function of CitOFP19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China
| | - Prakash Babu Adhikari
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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185
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The L-Type Lectin-like Receptor Kinase Gene TaLecRK-IV.1 Regulates the Plant Height in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158208. [PMID: 35897784 PMCID: PMC9332437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing is important for the production of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). In model plants, receptor-like kinases have been implicated in signal transduction, immunity, and development. However, functional roles of lectin receptor-like kinases in wheat are poorly understood. In this study, we identified an L-type lectin receptor-like kinase gene in wheat, designated as TaLecRK-IV.1, and revealed its role in plant height. Real time quantitative PCR analyses indicated that TaLecRK-IV.1 transcript level was lower in a dwarf wheat line harboring the Rht-D1b gene compared to its transcript level detected in a taller wheat line CI12633. Importantly, the virus-induced gene silencing results showed that silencing of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the wheat line CI12633 led to dwarf plants. The results of the disease resistance test performed after the gene silencing experiment suggest no significant role of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the resistance reaction of wheat line CI12633 to sharp eyespot. Gene expression analysis revealed that the transcript abundance of TaLecRK-IV.1 was more up-regulated after the exogenous application of gibberellic acid and auxin, two development-related phytohormones, compared to the gene transcript levels detected in the control plants (mock treatment). These findings support the potential implication of TaLecRK-IV.1 in the pathway controlling plant height rather than the disease resistance role, and suggest that TaLecRK-IV.1 may be a positive regulator of plant height through the gibberellic acid and auxin-signaling pathways.
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186
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Xiong C, Pei H, Zhang Y, Ren W, Ma Z, Tang Y, Huang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome reveals molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness in sweet corn during kernel development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945379. [PMID: 35958194 PMCID: PMC9361504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp thickness affects the edible quality of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.). Therefore, breeding varieties with a thin pericarp is important for the quality breeding of sweet corn. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pericarp development remain largely unclear. We performed an integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the genetic mechanism regulating pericarp thickness during kernel development (at 15 days, 19 days, and 23 days after pollination) of two sweet corn inbred lines with different pericarp thicknesses (M03, with a thinner pericarp and M08, with a thicker pericarp). A total of 2,443 and 1,409 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in M03 and M08, respectively. Our results indicate that phytohormone-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) may play a critical role in determining pericarp thickness in sweet corn. Auxin (AUX), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction may indirectly mediate PCD to regulate pericarp thickness in M03 (the thin pericarp variety). In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ETH) signaling may be the key regulators of pericarp PCD in M08 (the thick pericarp variety). Furthermore, 110 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) and 478 differentially expressed target genes were identified. miRNA164-, miRNA167-, and miRNA156-mediated miRNA-mRNA pairs may participate in regulating pericarp thickness. The expression results of DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness and propose the objective of breeding sweet corn varieties with a thin pericarp.
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187
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Genomewide Identification and Characterization of the Genes Involved in the Flowering of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147940. [PMID: 35887288 PMCID: PMC9323069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a prerequisite for flowering plants to complete reproduction, and flowering time has an important effect on the high and stable yields of crops. However, there are limited reports on flowering-related genes at the genomic level in cotton. In this study, genomewide analysis of the evolutionary relationship of flowering-related genes in different cotton species shows that the numbers of flowering-related genes in the genomes of tetraploid cotton species Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense were similar, and that these numbers were approximately twice as much as the number in diploid cotton species Gossypium arboretum. The classification of flowering-related genes shows that most of them belong to the photoperiod and circadian clock flowering pathway. The distribution of flowering-related genes on the chromosomes of the At and Dt subgenomes was similar, with no subgenomic preference detected. In addition, most of the flowering-related core genes in Arabidopsis thaliana had homologs in the cotton genome, but the copy numbers and expression patterns were disparate; moreover, flowering-related genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary and selection processes. Although the differentiation and reorganization of many key genes of the cotton flowering regulatory network occurred throughout the evolutionary and selection processes, most of them, especially those involved in the important flowering regulatory networks, have been relatively conserved and preferentially selected.
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188
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Gao Y, Qu G, Huang S, Liu Z, Fu W, Zhang M, Feng H. BrCPS1 Function in Leafy Head Formation Was Verified by Two Allelic Mutations in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889798. [PMID: 35903226 PMCID: PMC9315314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the leafy heads of Chinese cabbage is an important agricultural factor because it directly affects yield. In this study, we identified two allelic non-heading mutants, nhm4-1 and nhm4-2, from an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenic population of a heading Chinese cabbage double haploid line "FT." Using MutMap, Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR genotyping, and map-based cloning, we found that BraA09g001440.3C was the causal gene for the mutants. BraA09g001440.3C encodes an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase 1 involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. A single non-synonymous SNP in the seventh and fourth exons of BraA09g001440.3C was responsible for the nhm4-1 and nhm4-2 mutant phenotypes, respectively. Compared with the wild-type "FT," the gibberellin content in the mutant leaves was significantly reduced. Both mutants showed a tendency to form leafy heads after exogenous GA3 treatment. The two non-heading mutants and the work presented herein demonstrate that gibberellin is related to leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meidi Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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189
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Plant Development of Early-Maturing Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Inoculation with Bacillus sp. V2026. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141817. [PMID: 35890450 PMCID: PMC9317556 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Bacillus sp. V2026, a producer of indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), on the ontogenesis and productivity of four genotypes of early-maturing spring wheat was studied under controlled conditions. The inoculation of wheat plants with Bacillus sp. V2026 increased the levels of endogenous IAA and GA in wheat of all genotypes and the level of trans-Zeatin in Sonora 64 and Leningradskaya rannyaya cvs but decreased it in AFI177 and AFI91 ultra-early lines. Interactions between the factors “genotype” and “inoculation” were significant for IAA, GA, and trans-Zeatin concentrations in wheat shoots and roots. The inoculation increased the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids and reduced lipid peroxidation in leaves of all genotypes. The inoculation resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (by 33–62%), a reduction in the time for passing the stages of ontogenesis (by 2–3 days), and an increase in the content of macro- and microelements and protein in the grain. Early-maturing wheat genotypes showed a different response to inoculation with the bacterium Bacillus sp. V2026. Cv. Leningradskaya rannyaya was most responsive to inoculation with Bacillus sp. V2026.
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190
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Gong D, He F, Liu J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tian S, Sun C, Zhang X. Understanding of Hormonal Regulation in Rice Seed Germination. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071021. [PMID: 35888110 PMCID: PMC9324290 DOI: 10.3390/life12071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical stage during the life cycle of plants. It is well known that germination is regulated by a series of internal and external factors, especially plant hormones. In Arabidopsis, many germination-related factors have been identified, while in rice, the important crop and monocot model species and the further molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks controlling germination still need to be elucidated. Hormonal signals, especially those of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), play a dominant role in determining whether a seed germinates or not. The balance between the content and sensitivity of these two hormones is the key to the regulation of germination. In this review, we present the foundational knowledge of ABA and GA pathways obtained from germination research in Arabidopsis. Then, we highlight the current advances in the identification of the regulatory genes involved in ABA- or GA-mediated germination in rice. Furthermore, other plant hormones regulate seed germination, most likely by participating in the ABA or GA pathways. Finally, the results from some regulatory layers, including transcription factors, post-transcriptional regulations, and reactive oxygen species, are also discussed. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the complex molecular networks involving the key roles of plant hormones in regulating the seed germination of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diankai Gong
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Fei He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China; (F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China; (F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Shujun Tian
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Chi Sun
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-4020-6835
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191
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Sabir IA, Manzoor MA, Shah IH, Abbas F, Liu X, Fiaz S, Shah AN, Jiu S, Wang J, Abdullah M, Zhang C. Evolutionary and Integrative Analysis of Gibberellin-Dioxygenase Gene Family and Their Expression Profile in Three Rosaceae Genomes ( F. vesca, P. mume, and P. avium) Under Phytohormone Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942969. [PMID: 35874024 PMCID: PMC9302438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellin-dioxygenase (GAox) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development. GAoxs, which are encoded by many gene subfamilies, are extremely critical in regulating bioactive GA levels by catalyzing the subsequent stages in the biosynthesis process. Moreover, GAoxs are important enzymes in the GA synthesis pathway, and the GAox gene family has not yet been identified in Rosaceae species (Prunus avium L., F. vesca, and P. mume), especially in response to gibberellin and PCa (prohexadione calcium; reduce biologically active GAs). In the current investigation, 399 GAox members were identified in sweet cherry, Japanese apricot, and strawberry. Moreover, they were further classified into six (A-F) subgroups based on phylogeny. According to motif analysis and gene structure, the majority of the PavGAox genes have a remarkably well-maintained exon-intron and motif arrangement within the same subgroup, which may lead to functional divergence. In the systematic investigation, PavGAox genes have several duplication events, but segmental duplication occurs frequently. A calculative analysis of orthologous gene pairs in Prunus avium L., F. vesca, and P. mume revealed that GAox genes are subjected to purifying selection during the evolutionary process, resulting in functional divergence. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the upstream region of the 140 PavGAox members suggests a possible relationship between genes and specific functions of hormone response-related elements. Moreover, the PavGAox genes display a variety of tissue expression patterns in diverse tissues, with most of the PavGAox genes displaying tissue-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, most of the PavGAox genes express significant expression in buds under phytohormonal stresses. Phytohormones stress analysis demonstrated that some of PavGAox genes are responsible for maintaining the GA level in plant-like Pav co4017001.1 g010.1.br, Pav sc0000024.1 g340.1.br, and Pav sc0000024.1 g270.1.mk. The subcellular localization of PavGAox protein utilizing a tobacco transient transformation system into the tobacco epidermal cells predicted that GFP signals were mostly found in the cytoplasm. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the GAox gene family's interaction with prohexadione calcium and GA, as well as provide a strong framework for future functional characterization of GAox genes in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Sabir
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Farhat Abbas
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunju Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Songtao Jiu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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192
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Hu D, Li X, Yang Z, Liu S, Hao D, Chao M, Zhang J, Yang H, Su X, Jiang M, Lu S, Zhang D, Wang L, Kan G, Wang H, Cheng H, Wang J, Huang F, Tian Z, Yu D. Downregulation of a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase enhances photosynthesis and increases seed yield in soybean. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:502-517. [PMID: 35396723 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed yield, determined mainly by seed numbers and seed weight, is the primary target of soybean breeding. Identifying the genes underlying yield-related traits is of great significance. Through joint linkage mapping and a genome-wide association study for 100-seed weight, we cloned GmGA3ox1, a gene encoding gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase, which is the key enzyme in the gibberellin synthesis pathway. Genome resequencing identified a beneficial GmGA3ox1 haplotype contributing to high seed weight, which was further confirmed by soybean transformants. CRISPR/Cas9-generated gmga3ox1 mutants showed lower seed weight, but promoted seed yield by increasing seed numbers. The gmga3ox1 mutants reduced gibberellin biosynthesis while enhancing photosynthesis. Knockout of GmGA3ox1 resulted in the upregulation of numerous photosynthesis-related genes, particularly the GmRCA family encoding ribulose-1,5-bispho-sphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) activases. The basic leucine zipper transcription factors GmbZIP97 and GmbZIP159, which were both upregulated in the gmga3ox1 mutants and induced by the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor uniconazole, could bind to the promoter of GmRCAβ and activate its expression. Analysis of genomic sequences with over 2700 soybean accessions suggested that GmGA3ox1 is being gradually utilized in modern breeding. Our results elucidated the important role of GmGA3ox1 in soybean yield. These findings reveal important clues for future high-yield breeding in soybean and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Hu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Derong Hao
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, 226012, China
| | - Maoni Chao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xingxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xingxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyue Su
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoqi Lu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guizhen Kan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Huang S, Gao Y, Xue M, Xu J, Liao R, Shang S, Yang X, Zhao Y, Li C, Liu Z, Feng H. BrKAO2 mutations disrupt leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2453-2468. [PMID: 35726066 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of BrKAO2 in leafy head formation was confirmed by using two allelic Chinese cabbage mutants. Chinese cabbage yield and quality are determined by leafy head formation. Cloning and characterising the key genes regulating leafy head formation are essential for its varietal improvement. We used an EMS-mutagenised population of the heading type 'FT' Chinese cabbage line and identified two allelic non-heading mutants, i.e. nhm3-1 and nhm3-2. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping revealed that BraA05g012440.3C was the candidate gene, which encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 2 in gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic pathway. It was named BrKAO2. Two non-synonymous mutations in the second BrKAO2 exon, respectively, accounted for the mutant phenotypes of nhm3-1 and nhm3-2. BrKAO2 was expressed during all leaf development stages, and there were no significant differences between the wild type and mutants in terms of BrKAO2 expression. The mutant phenotypes were restored to the wild type via exogenous GA3 application. RNA-Seq was performed on wild-type 'FT', nhm3-1, and nhm3-1 + GA3 rosette leaves, and several key genes involved in GA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and leafy head development were identified. These findings indicate that BrKAO2 is responsible for the leafy head formation in nhm3 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Xue
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shayu Shang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Integrated Department, Wafangdian Agriculture Technology and Popularization Center, Dalian, 116300, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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194
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang R, Chen X, Wang S, Wei H, Wei Z. PtrWOX13A Promotes Wood Formation and Bioactive Gibberellins Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835035. [PMID: 35837467 PMCID: PMC9274204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in multiple processes of plant development. However, there have hitherto no studies on the WOX TFs involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation been reported. In this study, we identified a Populus trichocarpa WOX gene, PtrWOX13A, which was predominantly expressed in SCW, and then characterized its functions through generating PtrWOX13A overexpression poplar transgenic lines; these lines exhibited not only significantly enhanced growth potential, but also remarkably increased SCW thicknesses, fiber lengths, and lignin and hemicellulose contents. However, no obvious change in cellulose content was observed. We revealed that PtrWOX13A directly activated its target genes through binding to two cis-elements, ATTGATTG and TTAATSS, in their promoter regions. The fact that PtrWOX13A responded to the exogenous GAs implies that it is responsive to GA homeostasis caused by GA inactivation and activation genes (e.g., PtrGA20ox4, PtrGA2ox1, and PtrGA3ox1), which were regulated by PtrWOX13A directly or indirectly. Since the master switch gene of SCW formation, PtrWND6A, and lignin biosynthesis regulator, MYB28, significantly increased in PtrWOX13A transgenic lines, we proposed that PtrWOX13A, as a higher hierarchy TF, participated in SCW formation through controlling the genes that are components of the known hierarchical transcription regulation network of poplar SCW formation, and simultaneously triggering a gibberellin-mediated signaling cascade. The discovery of PtrWOX13A predominantly expressed in SCW and its regulatory functions in the poplar wood formation has important implications for improving the wood quality of trees via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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195
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Jing S, Sun X, Yu L, Wang E, Cheng Z, Liu H, Jiang P, Qin J, Begum S, Song B. Transcription factor StABI5-like 1 binding to the FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs promotes early maturity in potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1677-1693. [PMID: 35258599 PMCID: PMC9237700 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) maturity involves several important traits, including the onset of tuberization, flowering, leaf senescence, and the length of the plant life cycle. The timing of flowering and tuberization in potato is mediated by seasonal fluctuations in photoperiod and is thought to be separately controlled by the FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes SELF-PRUNING 3D (StSP3D) and SELF-PRUNING 6A (StSP6A). However, the biological relationship between these morphological transitions that occur almost synchronously remains unknown. Here, we show that StABI5-like 1 (StABL1), a transcription factor central to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, is a binding partner of StSP3D and StSP6A, forming an alternative florigen activation complex and alternative tuberigen activation complex in a 14-3-3-dependent manner. Overexpression of StABL1 results in the early initiation of flowering and tuberization as well as a short life cycle. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that AGAMOUS-like and GA 2-oxidase 1 genes are regulated by StABL1. Phytohormone profiling indicates an altered gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and that StABL1-overexpressing plants are insensitive to the inhibitory effect of GA with respect to tuberization. Collectively, our results suggest that StABL1 functions with FT-like genes to promote flowering and tuberization and consequently life cycle length in potato, providing insight into the pleiotropic functioning of the FT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhengnan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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196
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Zhang CP, Zhang JL, Sun ZR, Liu XY, Shu LZ, Wu H, Song Y, He DH. Genome-wide identification and characterization of terpene synthase genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Gene X 2022; 828:146462. [PMID: 35413394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are widely distributed in plants and play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and in the interactions between plants and both the environment and other organisms. However, terpene synthase (TPS) genes have not been systematically investigated in the tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum. In this study, whole genome identification and characterization of the TPS family from G. hirsutum were carried out. Eighty-five TPS genes, including 47 previously unidentified genes, were identified in the G. hirsutum genome and classified into 5 subfamilies according to protein sequence similarities, as follows: 43 GhTPS-a, 29 GhTPS-b, 4 GhTPS-c, 7 GhTPS-e/f, and 2 GhTPS-g members. These 85 TPS genes were mapped onto 19 chromosomes of the G. hirsutum genome. Segmental duplications and tandem duplications contributed greatly to the expansion of TPS genes in G. hirsutum and were followed by intense purifying selection during evolution. Indentification of cis-acting regulatory elements suggest that the expression of TPS genes is regulated by a variety of hormones. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) expression profile analysis revealed that the TPS genes had distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns, and several genes were highly and preferentially expressed in the leaves of cotton with gossypol glands (glanded cotton) versus a glandless strain. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of three TPS genes yielded plants characterized by fewer, smaller, and lighter gossypol glands, which indicated that these three genes were responsible for gland activity. Taken together, our results provide a solid basis for further elucidation of the biological functions of TPS genes in relation to gland activity and gossypol biosynthesis to develop cotton cultivars with low cottonseed gossypol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ran Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhe Shu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Hua He
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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197
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Histological, Morpho-Physiological, and Biochemical Changes during Adventitious Rooting Induced by Exogenous Auxin in Magnolia wufengensis Cuttings. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia wufengensis, a rare ornamental tree species, is now in a huge gap between market demand and actual supply of seedlings. As cutting propagation is one of the most important means to solve the shortage of seedling supply, this study developed an efficient cutting propagation procedure of M. wufengensis, revealed the morphological and histological changes of adventitious root formation, and explored the rhythm correlation between rooting process and physiological and biochemical changes. Cuttings pre-treated with NAA:IBA (2:1) exhibited the best rooting performance. Anatomical analysis demonstrated that adventitious root primordia of M. wufengensis were initiated from cambial and parenchyma cells of xylem, with no relationship to the callus formed on the epidermis. The rooting process of M. wufengenis can be divided into four periods: induction phase (0–8 dap) (dap means days after planting), initiation phase (8–13 dap), expression phase (13–18 dap), and extension phase (18–28 dap). NAA:IBA (2:1) induced the accumulations of 3-indoleacetic-acid and increased the contents of peroxidase and polyphenol-oxidase near the wounding at induction phase. The initiation phase, with the first histological modifications to the formation of meristemoids, correspond to the increase of peroxidase, polyphenol-oxidase, and soluble protein contents. The synergistic reaction of low 3-indoleacetic-acid and high levels of gibberellins and zeatin also stimulates the initiation phase. In the expression and extension phase, high activities of polyphenol-oxidase, IAA-oxidase, and increased contents of soluble protein co-stimulate the emergence and outgrowth of adventitious roots. The present study not only provides optimized protocol by application of auxin combination but also presents insights in the histological, morpho-physiological, and biochemical changes in stem cuttings of M. wufengensis.
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198
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Li Y, Liang Y, Liu M, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Fan J, Ruan Y, Zhang A, Dong X, Yue J, Li C. Genome-Wide Association Studies Provide Insights Into the Genetic Architecture of Seed Germination Traits in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930438. [PMID: 35755688 PMCID: PMC9226777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield and quality. Rapid and uniform seed germination traits are required in agricultural production. Although several genes are involved in seed germination and have been identified in Arabidopsis and rice, the genetic basis governing seed germination in maize remains unknown. Herein, we conducted a genome-wide association study to determine the genetic architecture of two germination traits, germination speed, and consistency, in a diverse panel. We genotyped 321 maize inbred populations with tropical, subtropical, or temperate origins using 1219401 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. We identified 58 variants that were associated with the two traits, and 12 of these were shared between the two traits, indicating partial genetic similarity. Moreover, 36 candidate genes were involved in seed germination with functions including energy metabolism, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. We found that favorable variants had a greater effect on the tropical subpopulation than on the temperate. Accumulation of favorable variants shortened germination time and improved uniformity in maize inbred lines. These findings contribute significantly to understanding the genetic basis of maize seed germination and will contribute to the molecular breeding of maize seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yameng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yue
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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199
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Cheng H, Zha S, Luo Y, Li L, Wang S, Wu S, Cheng S, Li L. JAZ1-3 and MYC2-1 Synergistically Regulate the Transformation from Completely Mixed Flower Buds to Female Flower Buds in Castanea mollisima. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126452. [PMID: 35742894 PMCID: PMC9224291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut (Castanea mollisima) is an important woody food crop, but its yield has been low in cultivation, mainly due to the problems of fewer female flowers and more male flowers. Therefore, regulating the transition of chestnut flowers and effectively balancing the proportion of male and female to improve the yield are key factor to be solved in production. In this study, the chestnut floral buds in pre- and post-winter were used as materials. The data of metabolites, hormones, and gene expression during flower bud differentiation of chestnut were analyzed by transcriptomics and metabolomics to preliminarily reveal the possible reason of male and female flower bud transformation in pre- and post-winter. The analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed that there were 6323 DEGs in the Complete mixed flower bud (CMF) group in pre- and post-winter, of which 3448 genes were up-regulated and 2875 genes were down-regulated. There were 8037 DEGs in the Incomplete mixed flower bud (IMF) in pre- and post-winter, of which 4546 genes were up-regulated and 3491 genes were down-regulated. A total of 726 genes from the two flower buds were enriched into 251 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in post winter, of which plant hormone signal transduction accounted for 4.13%. The analysis results of differential metabolites showed that the differential metabolites of the two flower buds were mainly concentrated in the secondary metabolic synthesis pathway. The difference of hormone content showed that the content of Gibberellin 9 (GA9) and GA19 in CMF was higher than that in IMF in pre-winter, but the opposite in post-winter. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) content was only very high in CMF in pre-winter, while Jasmonoyl-(l)-Isoleucine (JA-ILE) showed high content in CMF in post-winter. In post-winter, higher concentration of JA-ILE was positively correlated with the expression of Flowering Locus T (CmFT), and CmFT gene was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of MYC2-1, MYC2-2 and LFY 3 (LEAFY 3). The higher concentration of JA-ILE was negatively correlated with the transcription level of JAZ1-3. In vitro experiments further verified that Jasmonate-Zim 1–3 (JAZ 1–3) combined with MYC2-1 inhibited the transcription of CmFT gene, while MYC2-1 alone promoted the expression of FT. The results suggested that a higher concentration of GA is conducive to breaking the dormancy of flower buds and promoting the development of male flower buds, while a lower concentration of GA and a higher concentration of JA-ILE are conducive to the differentiation and formation of female flower buds in post-winter, in which JAZ1-3 and MYC2-1 play a key role in the differentiation of female flower buds of chestnut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linling Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-180-6284-3199
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Chai Z, Fang J, Yao W, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Akbar S, Khan MT, Chen B, Zhang M. ScGAIL, a sugarcane N-terminal truncated DELLA-like protein, participates in gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3462-3476. [PMID: 35172001 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) is crucial for internode elongation in sugarcane. DELLA proteins are critical negative regulators of the GA signaling pathway. ScGAI encodes a DELLA protein that was previously implicated in the regulation of sugarcane culm development. Here, we characterized ScGAI-like (ScGAIL) in sugarcane, which lacked the N-terminal region but was otherwise homologous to ScGAI. ScGAIL differed from ScGAI in its chromosomal location, expression patterns, and cellular localization. Although transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ScGAIL were insensitive to GAs, GA synthesis was affected in these plants, suggesting that ScGAIL disrupted the GA signaling pathway. After GA treatment, the expression patterns of GA-associated genes differed between ScGAIL-overexpressing and wild-type Arabidopsis, and the degradation of AtDELLA proteins in transgenic lines was significantly inhibited compared with wild-type lines. A sugarcane GID1 gene (ScGID1) encoding a putative GA receptor was isolated and interacted with ScGAIL in a GA-independent manner. Five ScGAIL-interacting proteins were verified by yeast two-hybrid assays, and only one interacted with ScGAI. Therefore, ScGAIL may inhibit plant growth by modulating the GA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chai
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jinlan Fang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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