151
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Cui X, Wan B, Guo LH, Yang Y, Ren X. Insight into the Mechanisms of Combined Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nickel Ions in Macrophages: Role of P2X 7 Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12473-12483. [PMID: 27750000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coexistence of nanomaterials and environmental pollutants requires in-depth understanding of combined toxicity and underlying mechanism. In this work, we found that coexposure to the mixture of noncytotoxic level of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (10 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (20 μM) induced significant cytotoxicity in macrophages. However, almost equal amount of intracellular Ni2+ was detected after Ni2+/SWCNT coexposure or Ni2+ single exposure, indicating no enhanced cellular uptake of Ni2+ occurred. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 50% more SWCNTs retained in Ni2+/SWCNT exposed cells than that with SWCNT exposure alone, regardless of the exposure sequence (coexposure, Ni2+ pre- or post-treatment), suggesting inhibited SWCNT exocytosis by Ni2+. The increased cellular dose of SWCNTs could quantitatively account for the elevated toxicity of Ni2+/SWCNT mixture to cells. It was then found that agonist (ATP) and antagonist (o-ATP) of P2X7R could regulate intracellular SWCNT amount and the cytotoxicity accordingly. In addition, inhibition of P2X7R by P2X7-targeting siRNA diminished the inhibitory effect of Ni2+. It was therefore concluded that Ni2+ impeded SWCNT exocytosis by inhibiting P2X7R, leading to higher intracellular retention of SWCNTs and elevated cytotoxicity. Our work identified exocytosis inhibition as an important mechanism for SWCNT/Ni2+ toxicity, and revealed the crucial role of P2X7R in mediating such inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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152
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Öner D, Moisse M, Ghosh M, Duca RC, Poels K, Luyts K, Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Van Landuyt K, Vanoirbeek J, Lambrechts D, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Epigenetic effects of carbon nanotubes in human monocytic cells. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:181-191. [PMID: 28011750 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fibrous carbon-based nanomaterials with a potential to cause carcinogenesis in humans. Alterations in DNA methylation on cytosine-phosphate-guanidine (CpG) sites are potential markers of exposure-induced carcinogenesis. This study examined cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and DNA methylation alterations on human monocytic cells (THP-1) after incubation with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were observed after incubation with SWCNTs than incubation with MWCNTs. At the selected concentrations (25 and 100 µg/ml), DNA methylation alterations were studied. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assess global DNA methylation, and Illumina 450K microarrays were used to assess methylation of single CpG sites. Next, we assessed gene promoter-specific methylation levels. We observed no global methylation or hydroxymethylation alterations, but on gene-specific level, distinct clustering of CNT-treated samples were noted. Collectively, CNTs induced gene promoter-specific altered methylation and those 1127 different genes were identified to be hypomethylated. Differentially methylated genes were involved in several signalling cascade pathways, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet activation pathways. Moreover, possible contribution of the epigenetic alterations to monocyte differentiation and mixed M1/M2 macrophage polarisation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öner
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, O & N IV Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Vesalius Research Center, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Luyts
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Putzeys
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Kirsten Van Landuyt
- Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, O & N IV Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Vesalius Research Center, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, IDEWE, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,
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153
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Dong J, Ma Q. Myofibroblasts and lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotube exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:60. [PMID: 27814727 PMCID: PMC5097370 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are newly developed materials with unique properties and a range of industrial and commercial applications. A rapid expansion in the production of CNT materials may increase the risk of human exposure to CNTs. Studies in rodents have shown that certain forms of CNTs are potent fibrogenic inducers in the lungs to cause interstitial, bronchial, and pleural fibrosis characterized by the excessive deposition of collagen fibers and the scarring of involved tissues. The cellular and molecular basis underlying the fibrotic response to CNT exposure remains poorly understood. Myofibroblasts are a major type of effector cells in organ fibrosis that secrete copious amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and signaling molecules to drive fibrosis. Myofibroblasts also mediate the mechano-regulation of fibrotic matrix remodeling via contraction of their stress fibers. Recent studies reveal that exposure to CNTs induces the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts in vitro and stimulates pulmonary accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic analyses provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of myofibroblast differentiation and function induced by CNTs in the lungs. In view of the apparent fibrogenic activity of CNTs and the emerging role of myofibroblasts in the development of organ fibrosis, we discuss recent findings on CNT-induced lung fibrosis with emphasis on the role of myofibroblasts in the pathologic development of lung fibrosis. Particular attention is given to the formation and activation of myofibroblasts upon CNT exposure and the possible mechanisms by which CNTs regulate the function and dynamics of myofibroblasts in the lungs. It is evident that a fundamental understanding of the myofibroblast and its function and regulation in lung fibrosis will have a major influence on the future research on the pulmonary response to nano exposure, particle and fiber-induced pneumoconiosis, and other human lung fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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154
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Eastlake AC, Beaucham C, Martinez KF, Dahm MM, Sparks C, Hodson LL, Geraci CL. Refinement of the Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique into the Nanomaterial Exposure Assessment Technique (NEAT 2.0). JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:708-17. [PMID: 27027845 PMCID: PMC4956539 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1167278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterial emission and exposure characterization studies have been completed at more than 60 different facilities by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). These experiences have provided NIOSH the opportunity to refine an earlier published technique, the Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique (NEAT 1.0), into a more comprehensive technique for assessing worker and workplace exposures to engineered nanomaterials. This change is reflected in the new name Nanomaterial Exposure Assessment Technique (NEAT 2.0) which distinguishes it from NEAT 1.0. NEAT 2.0 places a stronger emphasis on time-integrated, filter-based sampling (i.e., elemental mass analysis and particle morphology) in the worker's breathing zone (full shift and task specific) and area samples to develop job exposure matrices. NEAT 2.0 includes a comprehensive assessment of emissions at processes and job tasks, using direct-reading instruments (i.e., particle counters) in data-logging mode to better understand peak emission periods. Evaluation of worker practices, ventilation efficacy, and other engineering exposure control systems and risk management strategies serve to allow for a comprehensive exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne C Eastlake
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, United States
- Corresponding author: Adrienne C Eastlake, MS, REHS/RS; ; Phone: 513-533-8524; Fax: 513-533-8588; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States
| | - Catherine Beaucham
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, United States
| | - Kenneth F Martinez
- HWC, 1100 New York Ave NW #250W, Washington, DC 20005, United States. (Formerly of NIOSH)
| | - Matthew M Dahm
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, United States
| | - Christopher Sparks
- Bureau Veritas North America, Inc., 390 Benmar Drive, Suite 100, Houston, Texas, United States. (Formerly of NIOSH)
| | - Laura L Hodson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, United States
| | - Charles L Geraci
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, United States
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155
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Erdely A, Dahm MM, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Chen BT, Antonini JM, Hoover MD. Bridging the gap between exposure assessment and inhalation toxicology: Some insights from the carbon nanotube experience. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2016; 99:157-162. [PMID: 27546900 PMCID: PMC4990210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The early incorporation of exposure assessment can be invaluable to help design, prioritize, and interpret toxicological studies or outcomes. The sum total of the exposure assessment findings combined with preliminary toxicology results allows for exposure-informed toxicological study design and the findings can then be integrated, together with available epidemiologic data, to provide health effect relevance. With regard to engineered nanomaterial inhalation toxicology in particular, a single type of material (e.g. carbon nanotube, graphene) can have a vast array of physicochemical characteristics resulting in the potential for varying toxicities. To compound the matter, the methodologies necessary to establish a material adequate for in vivo exposure testing raises questions on the applicability of the outcomes. From insights gained from evaluating carbon nanotubes, we recommend the following integrated approach involving exposure-informed hazard assessment and hazard-informed exposure assessment especially for materials as diverse as engineered nanomaterials: 1) market-informed identification of potential hazards and potentially exposed populations, 2) initial toxicity screening to drive prioritized assessments of exposure, 3) development of exposure assessment-informed chronic and sub-chronic in vivo studies, and 4) conduct of exposure- and hazard-informed epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/HELD/PPRB, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Matthew M. Dahm
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Bean T. Chen
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/HELD/PPRB, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James M. Antonini
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/HELD/PPRB, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Mark D. Hoover
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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156
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Principi E, Girardello R, Bruno A, Manni I, Gini E, Pagani A, Grimaldi A, Ivaldi F, Congiu T, De Stefano D, Piaggio G, de Eguileor M, Noonan DM, Albini A. Systemic distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes in a novel model: alteration of biochemical parameters, metabolic functions, liver accumulation, and inflammation in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4299-316. [PMID: 27621623 PMCID: PMC5012628 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in several industrial applications raises concerns on their potential toxicity due to factors such as tissue penetrance, small dimensions, and biopersistence. Using an in vivo model for CNT environmental exposure, mimicking CNT exposition at the workplace, we previously found that CNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in the lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidneys via the bloodstream in CD1 mice. Here, we monitored and traced the accumulation of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), administered systemically in mice, in different organs and the subsequent biological responses. Using the novel in vivo model, MITO-Luc bioluminescence reporter mice, we found that SWCNTs induce systemic cell proliferation, indicating a dynamic response of cells of both bone marrow and the immune system. We then examined metabolic (water/food consumption and dejections), functional (serum enzymes), and morphological (organs and tissues) alterations in CD1 mice treated with SWCNTs, using metabolic cages, performing serum analyses, and applying histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) methods. We observed a transient accumulation of SWCNTs in the lungs, spleen, and kidneys of CD1 mice exposed to SWCNTs. A dose- and time-dependent accumulation was found in the liver, associated with increases in levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubinemia, which are metabolic markers associated with liver damage. Our data suggest that hepatic accumulation of SWCNTs associated with liver damage results in an M1 macrophage-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Principi
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano
| | - Isabella Manni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnosis and Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - Arianna Pagani
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela De Stefano
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnosis and Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - Adriana Albini
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano
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157
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Asghar W, Shafiee H, Velasco V, Sah VR, Guo S, El Assal R, Inci F, Rajagopalan A, Jahangir M, Anchan RM, Mutter GL, Ozkan M, Ozkan CS, Demirci U. Toxicology Study of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide in Human Sperm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30270. [PMID: 27538480 PMCID: PMC4990966 DOI: 10.1038/srep30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide are currently being evaluated for biomedical applications including in vivo drug delivery and tumor imaging. Several reports have studied the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials, but their effects on human male reproduction have not been fully examined. Additionally, it is not clear whether the nanomaterial exposure has any effect on sperm sorting procedures used in clinical settings. Here, we show that the presence of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) and reduced graphene oxide at concentrations of 1-25 μg/mL do not affect sperm viability. However, SWCNT-COOH generate significant reactive superoxide species at a higher concentration (25 μg/mL), while reduced graphene oxide does not initiate reactive species in human sperm. Further, we demonstrate that exposure to these nanomaterials does not hinder the sperm sorting process, and microfluidic sorting systems can select the sperm that show low oxidative stress post-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Asghar
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94304, CA
- Department of Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33432, FL
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
| | - Vanessa Velasco
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville 40292, KY
| | - Vasu R. Sah
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
| | - Shirui Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA
| | - Rami El Assal
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94304, CA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94304, CA
| | - Adhithi Rajagopalan
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
| | - Muntasir Jahangir
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
| | - Raymond M. Anchan
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA
| | - George L. Mutter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA
| | - Mihrimah Ozkan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA
| | - Cengiz S. Ozkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94304, CA
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA
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158
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The complex cascade of cellular events governing inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing in response to inhaled particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:40. [PMID: 27519871 PMCID: PMC4983011 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against inhaled particles. Macrophages serve important roles in particle clearance and inflammatory reactions. Following recognition and internalization by phagocytes, particles are taken up in vesicular phagolysosomes. Intracellular phagosomal leakage, redox unbalance and ionic movements induced by toxic particles result in pro-IL-1β expression, inflammasome complex engagement, caspase-1 activation, pro-IL-1β cleavage, biologically-active IL-1β release and finally inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize the emerging signals and pathways involved in the expression, maturation and secretion of IL-1β during these responses to particles. We also highlight physicochemical characteristics of particles (size, surface and shape) which determine their capacity to induce inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing.
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159
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Sekar G, Sivakumar A, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Prion like behavior of HSA-hydroxylated MWCNT interface. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 161:411-421. [PMID: 27314539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with unique and outstanding properties were expected to revolutionize various aspects of the biomedical sector. Interaction studies of proteins with functionalized CNTs would shed light on their toxicological aspects upon entering the human body. Hyperchromicity of the UV-Visible spectra and declining fluorescence potential of HSA on interaction with CNTs suggested ground state complex to exist between them. Synchronous and 3D spectral features of CNT-HSA system proposed their possible binding site to occur nearby Trp and Tyr residues. FTIR and FT-Raman spectra showed a shift in the amide band region that proportionate the possible alteration to occur in the alpha-helical structures. CD far and near spectra showed loss of alpha-helical structures and shift in the Trp position of the polypeptide backbone. CNT's UV and FTIR band showed shift on interaction with HSA, which conveys the possible aggregation of CNTs in the presence of protein. The promoting role of CNTs against HSA fibril formation has been confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic evaluations. Secondary conformational changes, besides the existence of increased beta-sheet structures of HSA amyloid fibrils, remain similar to the amyloid behavior of Prion protein. Hence, HSA fibril-CNT interface predominates the possible mechanism for several amyloid-related disorders concerning their toxic accumulations in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Sekar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sivakumar
- School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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160
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Hosseinpour M, Azimirad V, Alimohammadi M, Shahabi P, Sadighi M, Ghamkhari Nejad G. The cardiac effects of carbon nanotubes in rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:79-84. [PMID: 27525224 PMCID: PMC4981252 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel candidates in nanotechnology with a variety of increasing applications in medicine and biology. Therefore the investigation of nanomaterials' biocompatibility can be an important topic. The aim of present study was to investigate the CNTs impact on cardiac heart rate among rats. METHODS Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were recorded before and after injection of CNTs on a group with six rats. The heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was used for signals analysis. The rhythm-to-rhythm (RR) intervals in HRV method were computed and features of signals in time and frequency domains were extracted before and after injection. RESULTS RESULTS of the HRV analysis showed that CNTs increased the heart rate but generally these nanomaterials did not cause serious problem in autonomic nervous system (ANS) normal activities. CONCLUSION Injection of CNTs in rats resulted in increase of heart rate. The reason of phenomenon is that multiwall CNTs may block potassium channels. The suppressed and inhibited IK and potassium channels lead to increase of heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hosseinpour
- Biomechatronics Lab, Department of Mechatronics, School of Engineering Emerging Technologies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Azimirad
- Biomechatronics Lab, Department of Mechatronics, School of Engineering Emerging Technologies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Alimohammadi
- Biomechatronics Lab, Department of Mechatronics, School of Engineering Emerging Technologies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Sadighi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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161
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Wang X, Mansukhani ND, Guiney LM, Lee JH, Li R, Sun B, Liao YP, Chang CH, Ji Z, Xia T, Hersam MC, Nel AE. Toxicological Profiling of Highly Purified Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Rodent Lung and E. coli. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6008-19. [PMID: 27159184 PMCID: PMC4941827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are potentially useful for electronics, optics, and sensing applications. Depending on the chirality and diameter, individual SWCNTs can be classified as semiconducting (S-SWCNT) or metallic (M-SWCNT). From a biological perspective, the hazard profiling of purified metallic versus semiconducting SWCNTs has been pursued only in bacteria, with the conclusion that aggregated M-SWCNTs are more damaging to bacterial membranes than S-SWCNTs. However, no comparative studies have been performed in a mammalian system, where most toxicity studies have been undertaken using relatively crude SWCNTs that include a M:S mix at 1:2 ratio. In order to compare the toxicological impact of SWCNTs sorted to enrich them for each of the chirality on pulmonary cells and the intact lung, we used density gradient ultracentrifugation and extensive rinsing to prepare S- and M-SWCNTs that are >98% purified. In vitro screening showed that both tube variants trigger similar amounts of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) production in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells, without cytotoxicity. Oropharyngeal aspiration confirmed that both SWCNT variants induce comparable fibrotic effects in the lung and abundance of IL-1β and TGF-β1 release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There was also no change in the morphology, membrane integrity, and viability of E. coli, in contradistinction to the previously published effects of aggregated tubes on the bacterial membrane. Collectively, these data indicate that the electronic properties and chirality do not independently impact SWCNT toxicological impact in the lung, which is of significance to the safety assessment and incremental use of purified tubes by industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Nikhita D. Mansukhani
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Linda M. Guiney
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Author: André E. Nel, M.D./Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
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162
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC
| | - John Howard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC
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163
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Dandley EC, Taylor AJ, Duke KS, Ihrie MD, Shipkowski KA, Parsons GN, Bonner JC. Atomic layer deposition coating of carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide causes acute phase immune responses in human monocytes in vitro and in mice after pulmonary exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:29. [PMID: 27278808 PMCID: PMC4899913 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method for applying conformal nanoscale coatings on three-dimensional structures. We hypothesized that surface functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polycrystalline ZnO by ALD would alter pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes in vitro and modulate the lung and systemic immune response following oropharyngeal aspiration in mice. Methods Pristine (U-MWCNTs) were coated with alternating doses of diethyl zinc and water over increasing ALD cycles (10 to 100 ALD cycles) to yield conformal ZnO-coated MWCNTs (Z-MWCNTs). Human THP-1 monocytic cells were exposed to U-MWCNTs or Z-MWCNTs in vitro and cytokine mRNAs measured by Taqman real-time RT-PCR. Male C57BL6 mice were exposed to U- or Z-MWCNTs by oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) and lung inflammation evaluated at one day post-exposure by histopathology, cytokine expression and differential counting of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. Lung fibrosis was evaluated at 28 days. Cytokine mRNAs (IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, TNF-α) in lung, heart, spleen, and liver were quantified at one and 28 days. DNA synthesis in lung tissue was measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake. Results ALD resulted in a conformal coating of MWCNTs with ZnO that increased proportionally to the number of coating cycles. Z-MWCNTs released Zn+2 ions in media and increased IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, and TNF-α mRNAs in THP-1 cells in vitro. Mice exposed to Z-MWCNTs by OPA had exaggerated lung inflammation and a 3-fold increase in monocytes and neutrophils in BALF compared to U-MWCNTs. Z-MWCNTs, but not U-MWCNTs, induced IL-6 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the lungs of mice and increased IL-6 mRNA in heart and liver. U-MWCNTs but not Z-MWCNTs stimulated airway epithelial DNA synthesis in vivo. Lung fibrosis at 28 days was not significantly different between mice treated with U-MWCNT or Z-MWCNT. Conclusions Pulmonary exposure to ZnO-coated MWCNTs produces a systemic acute phase response that involves the release of Zn+2, lung epithelial growth arrest, and increased IL-6. ALD functionalization with ZnO generates MWCNTs that possess increased risk for human exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0141-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn C Dandley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7633, USA
| | - Katherine S Duke
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7633, USA
| | - Mark D Ihrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7633, USA
| | - Kelly A Shipkowski
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7633, USA
| | - Gregory N Parsons
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7633, USA.
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164
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Maynard AD. Are we ready for spray-on carbon nanotubes? NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:490-491. [PMID: 27272137 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Maynard
- Risk Innovation Lab at Arizona State University, PO Box 875603, ASU, Tempe, Arizona 85387-5603, USA
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165
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Schulte PA, Roth G, Hodson LL, Murashov V, Hoover MD, Zumwalde R, Kuempel ED, Geraci CL, Stefaniak AB, Castranova V, Howard J. Taking stock of the occupational safety and health challenges of nanotechnology: 2000-2015. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:159. [PMID: 27594804 PMCID: PMC5007006 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials significantly entered commerce at the beginning of the 21st century. Concerns about serious potential health effects of nanomaterials were widespread. Now, approximately 15 years later, it is worthwhile to take stock of research and efforts to protect nanomaterial workers from potential risks of adverse health effects. This article provides and examines timelines for major functional areas (toxicology, metrology, exposure assessment, engineering controls and personal protective equipment, risk assessment, risk management, medical surveillance, and epidemiology) to identify significant contributions to worker safety and health. The occupational safety and health field has responded effectively to identify gaps in knowledge and practice, but further research is warranted and is described. There is now a greater, if imperfect, understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle toxicology, hazards to workers, and appropriate controls for nanomaterials, but unified analytical standards and exposure characterization methods are still lacking. The development of control-banding and similar strategies has compensated for incomplete data on exposure and risk, but it is unknown how widely such approaches are being adopted. Although the importance of epidemiologic studies and medical surveillance is recognized, implementation has been slowed by logistical issues. Responsible development of nanotechnology requires protection of workers at all stages of the technological life cycle. In each of the functional areas assessed, progress has been made, but more is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - G. Roth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - L. L. Hodson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - V. Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M. D. Hoover
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R. Zumwalde
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - E. D. Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C. L. Geraci
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - A. B. Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - V. Castranova
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J. Howard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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166
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Song ZM, Wang L, Chen N, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H. Biological effects of agglomerated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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167
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Vlasova II, Kapralov AA, Michael ZP, Burkert SC, Shurin MR, Star A, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Enzymatic oxidative biodegradation of nanoparticles: Mechanisms, significance and applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:58-69. [PMID: 26768553 PMCID: PMC4811710 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopersistence of carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide (GO) and several other types of carbonaceous nanomaterials is an essential determinant of their health effects. Successful biodegradation is one of the major factors defining the life span and biological responses to nanoparticles. Here, we review the role and contribution of different oxidative enzymes of inflammatory cells - myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, and xanthine oxidase - to the reactions of nanoparticle biodegradation. We further focus on interactions of nanomaterials with hemoproteins dependent on the specific features of their physico-chemical and structural characteristics. Mechanistically, we highlight the significance of immobilized peroxidase reactive intermediates vs diffusible small molecule oxidants (hypochlorous and hypobromous acids) for the overall oxidative biodegradation process in neutrophils and eosinophils. We also accentuate the importance of peroxynitrite-driven pathways realized in macrophages via the engagement of NADPH oxidase- and NO synthase-triggered oxidative mechanisms. We consider possible involvement of oxidative machinery of other professional phagocytes such as microglial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, in the context of biodegradation relevant to targeted drug delivery. We evaluate the importance of genetic factors and their manipulations for the enzymatic biodegradation in vivo. Finally, we emphasize a novel type of biodegradation realized via the activation of the "dormant" peroxidase activity of hemoproteins by the nano-surface. This is exemplified by the binding of GO to cyt c causing the unfolding and 'unmasking' of the peroxidase activity of the latter. We conclude with the strategies leading to safe by design carbonaceous nanoparticles with optimized characteristics for mechanism-based targeted delivery and regulatable life-span of drugs in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Vlasova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow 119453, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Zachary P Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Seth C Burkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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168
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Abstract
Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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169
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Piperigkou Z, Karamanou K, Engin AB, Gialeli C, Docea AO, Vynios DH, Pavão MS, Golokhvast KS, Shtilman MI, Argiris A, Shishatskaya E, Tsatsakis AM. Emerging aspects of nanotoxicology in health and disease: From agriculture and food sector to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:42-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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170
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Braakhuis HM, Oomen AG, Cassee FR. Grouping nanomaterials to predict their potential to induce pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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171
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In vivo activation of a T helper 2-driven innate immune response in lung fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2231-2248. [PMID: 27106021 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to certain forms of carbon nanotubes (CNT) induces fibrosing lesions in the lungs that manifest an acute inflammation followed by chronic interstitial fibrosis. The mechanism of CNT-induced fibrogenesis is largely unknown. The biphasic development with drastically distinct pathologic manifestations suggests a junction of acute-to-chronic transition. Here we analyzed the molecular pathways and regulators underlying the pathologic development of CNT-induced lung fibrosis. Mice were exposed to multi-walled CNT (MWCNT; XNRI MWNT-7, Mitsui; 40 μg) by pharyngeal aspiration for 7 days along with vehicle and carbonaceous controls. Genome-wide microarray analyses of the lungs identified a range of differentially expressed genes that potentially function in the acute-to-chronic transition through pathways involving immune and inflammatory regulation, responses to stress and extracellular stimuli, and cell migration and adhesion. In particular, a T helper 2 (Th2)-driven innate immune response was significantly enriched. We then demonstrated that MWCNT induced the expression of Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, and a panel of signature downstream genes, such as Il4i1, Chia, and Ccl11/Eotaxin, time dependently. Induction of Th2 cytokines took place in CD4+ T lymphocytes indicating activation of Th2 cells. Furthermore, induction involved activation of a Th2 cell-specific signaling pathway through phosphorylation of STAT6 and up-regulation of GATA-3 to mediate the transcription of Th2 target genes. Our study uncovers activation of a Th2-driven immune/inflammatory response during pulmonary fibrosis development induced by MWCNT. The findings provide novel insights into the molecular events that control the transition from an acute inflammatory response to chronic fibrosis through Th2 functions in CNT-exposed lungs.
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172
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Mocan T, Matea CT, Iancu C, Agoston-Coldea L, Mocan L, Orasan R. Hypersensitivity and nanoparticles: update and research trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:216-9. [PMID: 27152071 PMCID: PMC4849378 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds a great promise for a wide range of medical-intent applications (diagnostic, treatment and prophylaxis of various diseases). Their advantages are due to their size, versatility and potential for multiple simultaneous applications. However, concerns have been formulated by scientific world due to insufficient data on toxicity of nanomaterials. One area of interest is represented by the interactions between nanoparticles and the components of the immune system. We review herein reported data on hypersensitivity reactions. The role exerted by nanoparticles in both immunostimulation and immunosuppression in allergen-driven mechanisms was studied, as well as future trends in worldwide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Mocan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian T Matea
- Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Iancu
- Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 3Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Agoston-Coldea
- Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 3Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Orasan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Nanomedicine Department, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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173
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Abstract
Since sarcoidosis was first described more than a century ago, the etiologic determinants causing this disease remain uncertain. Studies suggest that genetic, host immunologic, and environmental factors interact together to cause sarcoidosis. Immunologic characteristics of sarcoidosis include non-caseating granulomas, enhanced local expression of T helper-1 (and often Th17) cytokines and chemokines, dysfunctional regulatory T-cell responses, dysregulated Toll-like receptor signaling, and oligoclonal expansion of CD4+ T cells consistent with chronic antigenic stimulation. Multiple environmental agents have been suggested to cause sarcoidosis. Studies from several groups implicate mycobacterial or propionibacterial organisms in the etiology of sarcoidosis based on tissue analyses and immunologic responses in sarcoidosis patients. Despite these studies, there is no consensus on the nature of a microbial pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Some groups postulate sarcoidosis is caused by an active viable replicating infection while other groups contend there is no clinical, pathologic, or microbiologic evidence for such a pathogenic mechanism. The authors posit a novel hypothesis that proposes that sarcoidosis is triggered by a hyperimmune Th1 response to pathogenic microbial and tissue antigens associated with the aberrant aggregation of serum amyloid A within granulomas, which promotes progressive chronic granulomatous inflammation in the absence of ongoing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,
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174
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Yan L, Feng M, Liu J, Wang L, Wang Z. Antioxidant defenses and histological changes in Carassius auratus after combined exposure to zinc and three multi-walled carbon nanotubes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 125:61-71. [PMID: 26655435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) worldwide, considerable concerns have been raised regarding their inevitable releases into natural waters and ecotoxicity. It was supposed that CNTs may interact with some existing pollutants like zinc in aquatic systems and exhibit different effects when compared with their single treatments. However, data on their possible combined toxicity on aquatic species are still lacking. Moreover, the interactions of Zn with different functionalized CNTs may be distinct and thereby lead to diverse results. It is like that functional groups play a vital role in illustrating the differences in toxicity among various CNTs. In this study, the single and joint effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two MWCNTs functionalized with carboxylation (COOH-MWCNTs) or hydroxylation (OH-MWCNTs) in the absence or presence of zinc (Zn) on antioxidant status and histopathological changes in Carassius auratus were evaluated. Synergistic effect was tentatively proposed for joint-toxicity action, which was supported by apparently observed oxidative stress and histopathological changes in joint exposure groups. The integrated biomarker response index was calculated to rank the toxicity order, from which the conclusion of synergistic effect was strengthened. Regarding differences among various CNTs, our data showed that OH-MWCNTs and COOH-MWCNTs were more stressful to fish than raw MWCNTs. This finding sustained that functionalization is an important factor in nanotoxicity, which may serve as clues for future design and application of CNTs. Overall, these results provided some valuable toxicological data on the joint effects of CNTs and heavy metals on aquatic species, which can facilitate further understanding on the potential impacts of other coexisting pollutants in the culture of freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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175
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Shvedova AA, Yanamala N, Kisin ER, Khailullin TO, Birch ME, Fatkhutdinova LM. Integrated Analysis of Dysregulated ncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Humans Exposed to Carbon Nanotubes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150628. [PMID: 26930275 PMCID: PMC4773015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in consumer products continues to rise, studies have expanded to determine the associated risks of exposure on human and environmental health. In particular, several lines of evidence indicate that exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) could pose a carcinogenic risk similar to asbestos fibers. However, to date the potential markers of MWCNT exposure are not yet explored in humans. METHODS In the present study, global mRNA and ncRNA expression profiles in the blood of exposed workers, having direct contact with MWCNT aerosol for at least 6 months (n = 8), were compared with expression profiles of non-exposed (n = 7) workers (e.g., professional and/or technical staff) from the same manufacturing facility. RESULTS Significant changes in the ncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were observed between exposed and non-exposed worker groups. An integrative analysis of ncRNA-mRNA correlations was performed to identify target genes, functional relationships, and regulatory networks in MWCNT-exposed workers. The coordinated changes in ncRNA and mRNA expression profiles revealed a set of miRNAs and their target genes with roles in cell cycle regulation/progression/control, apoptosis and proliferation. Further, the identified pathways and signaling networks also revealed MWCNT potential to trigger pulmonary and cardiovascular effects as well as carcinogenic outcomes in humans, similar to those previously described in rodents exposed to MWCNTs. CONCLUSION This study is the first to investigate aberrant changes in mRNA and ncRNA expression profiles in the blood of humans exposed to MWCNT. The significant changes in several miRNAs and mRNAs expression as well as their regulatory networks are important for getting molecular insights into the MWCNT-induced toxicity and pathogenesis in humans. Further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate the potential applicability of such changes in mRNAs and miRNAs as prognostic markers of MWCNT exposures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch/HELD/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV - 26505, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV -26505, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Exposure Assessment Branch/HELD/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV - 26505, United States of America
| | - Elena R. Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch/HELD/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV - 26505, United States of America
| | - Timur O. Khailullin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV -26505, United States of America
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Health, Kazan State Medical University, ul. Butlerova 49, Kazan, 420012 Russia
| | - M. Eileen Birch
- NIOSH/CDC, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH - 45226, United States of America
| | - Liliya M. Fatkhutdinova
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Health, Kazan State Medical University, ul. Butlerova 49, Kazan, 420012 Russia
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176
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Vietti G, Lison D, van den Brule S. Mechanisms of lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotubes: towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26926090 PMCID: PMC4772332 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental studies have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNT) can induce respiratory effects, including lung fibrosis. The cellular and molecular events through which these effects develop are, however, not clearly elucidated. The purpose of the present review was to analyze the key events involved in the lung fibrotic reaction induced by CNT and to assess their relationships. We thus address current knowledge and gaps with a view to draft an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concerning the fibrotic potential of CNT. As for many inhaled particles, CNT can indirectly activate fibroblasts through the release of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and pro-fibrotic (PDGF and TGF-β) mediators by inflammatory cells (macrophages and epithelial cells) via the induction of oxidative stress, inflammasome or NF-kB. We also highlight here direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts, which appear as a new mode of toxicity relatively specific for CNT. Direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts include the induction of fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen production via ERK 1/2 or Smad signaling. We also point out the physico-chemical properties of CNT important for their toxicity and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo effects. This knowledge provides evidence to draft an AOP for the fibrogenic activity of CNT, which allows developing simple in vitro models contributing to predict the CNT effects in lung fibrosis, and risk assessment tools for regulatory decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vietti
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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177
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Ho CC, Luo YH, Chuang TH, Lin P. Quantum dots induced interferon beta expression via TRIF-dependent signaling pathways by promoting endocytosis of TLR4. Toxicology 2016; 344-346:61-70. [PMID: 26925925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are nano-sized semiconductors. Previously, intratracheal instillation of QD705s induces persistent inflammation and remodeling in the mouse lung. Expression of interferon beta (IFN-β), involved in tissue remodeling, was induced in the mouse lung. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of QD705 induced interferon beta (IFN-β) expression. QD705-COOH and QD705-PEG increased IFN-β and IP-10 mRNA levels during day 1 to 90 post-exposure in mouse lungs. QD705-COOH increased IFN-β expression via Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TRIF) dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways in macrophages RAW264.7. Silencing TRIF expression with siRNA or co-treatment with a TRIF inhibitor tremendously abolished QD705s-induced IFN-β expression. Co-treatment with a TLR4 inhibitor completely prevented IFN-β induction by QD705-COOH. QD705-COOH readily entered cells, and co-treatment with either inhibitors of endocytosis or intracellular TLRs prevented IFN-β induction. Thus, activation of the TRIF dependent TLRs pathway by promoting endocytosis of TLR4 is one of the mechanisms for immunomodulatory effects of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
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178
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Schulte PA, Iavicoli I, Rantanen JH, Dahmann D, Iavicoli S, Pipke R, Guseva Canu I, Boccuni F, Ricci M, Polci ML, Sabbioni E, Pietroiusti A, Mantovani E. Assessing the protection of the nanomaterial workforce. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1013-9. [PMID: 26865347 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Responsible development of any technology, including nanotechnology, requires protecting workers, the first people to be exposed to the products of the technology. In the case of nanotechnology, this is difficult to achieve because in spite of early evidence raising health and safety concerns, there are uncertainties about hazards and risks. The global response to these concerns has been the issuance by authoritative agencies of precautionary guidance to strictly control exposures to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). This commentary summarizes discussions at the "Symposium on the Health Protection of Nanomaterial Workers" held in Rome (25 and 26 February 2015). There scientists and practitioners from 11 countries took stock of what is known about hazards and risks resulting from exposure to ENMs, confirmed that uncertainties still exist, and deliberated on what it would take to conduct a global assessment of how well workers are being protected from potentially harmful exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Schulte
- a Education and Information Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- b Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Jorma H Rantanen
- c International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) , Hyvinkää , Finland
| | - Dirk Dahmann
- d Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- e Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
| | - Rüdiger Pipke
- f Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- g Department of Occupational Health , French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Occupational Health Department , St. Maurice , France
| | - Fabio Boccuni
- e Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Pietroiusti
- k Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy , and
| | - Elvio Mantovani
- l Italian Association for Industrial Research (AIRI) , Rome , Italy
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179
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Ema M, Gamo M, Honda K. A review of toxicity studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes in laboratory animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:42-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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180
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Al Moustafa AE, Mfoumou E, Roman DE, Nerguizian V, Alazzam A, Stiharu I, Yasmeen A. Impact of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the embryo: a brief review. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:349-55. [PMID: 26855573 PMCID: PMC4725643 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s96361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one of the most interesting materials in the 21st century due to their unique physiochemical characteristics and applicability to various industrial products and medical applications. However, in the last few years, questions have been raised regarding the potential toxicity of CNTs to humans and the environment; it is believed that the physiochemical characteristics of these materials are key determinants of CNT interaction with living cells and hence determine their toxicity in humans and other organisms as well as their embryos. Thus, several recent studies, including ours, pointed out that CNTs have cytotoxic effects on human and animal cells, which occur via the alteration of key regulator genes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, cell-cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, few investigations revealed that CNTs could also be harmful to the normal development of the embryo. In this review, we will discuss the toxic role of single-walled CNTs in the embryo, which was recently explored by several groups including ours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine & Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Dacian E Roman
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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181
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Malur A, Barna BP, Patel J, McPeek M, Wingard CJ, Dobbs L, Thomassen MJ. Exposure to a Mycobacterial Antigen, ESAT-6, Exacerbates Granulomatous and Fibrotic Changes in a Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Model of Chronic Pulmonary Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 27019768 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest additive effects of environmental pollutants and microbial antigens on respiratory disease. We established a granuloma model in which instilled multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) elicit granulomatous pathology. We hypothesized that mycobacterial antigen ESAT-6, a T cell activator associated with tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, might alter pathology. Wild-type C57Bl/6 mice received MWCNT with or without ESAT-6 peptide. Controls received vehicle (surfactant-PBS) or ESAT-6 alone. Mice were evaluated 60 days later for granulomas, fibrosis, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell expression of inflammatory mediators (CCL2, MMP-12, and Osteopontin). Results indicated increased granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammatory mediators in mice receiving the combination of MWCNT+ESAT-6 compared to MWCNT or vehicle alone. ESAT-6 alone showed no significant effect on these pathological endpoints. However, CD3 (+) lymphocyte infiltration of lung tissue increased with MWCNT+ESAT-6 versus MWCNT alone. Findings suggest that concurrent exposure to microbial antigen and MWCNT exacerbates chronic pulmonary disease.
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182
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Vitkina TI, Yankova VI, Gvozdenko TA, Kuznetsov VL, Krasnikov DV, Nazarenko AV, Chaika VV, Smagin SV, Tsatsakis AΜ, Engin AB, Karakitsios SP, Sarigiannis DA, Golokhvast KS. The impact of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different amount of metallic impurities on immunometabolic parameters in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 87:138-47. [PMID: 26683310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (12-14 nm) with different content of metallic impurities (purified and unpurified nanotubes) on peroxidation processes, the status of immune cells in healthy volunteers and gene expression combined to pathway analysis was studied in vitro. From the study it was shown that the main mechanism of action for both types of MWCNTs is induction of oxidative stress, the intensity of which is directly related to the amount of metallic impurities. Unpurified MWCNTs produced twice as high levels of oxidation than the purified CNTs inducing thus more intense mitochondrial dysfunction. All the above were also verified by gene expression analysis of 2 different human cellular cultures (lung epithelium and keratinoma cells) and the respective pathway analysis; modulation of genes activating the NFkB pathway is associated to inflammatory responses. This may cause a perturbation in the IL-6 signaling pathway in order to regulate inflammatory processes and compensate for apoptotic changes. A plausible hypothesis for the immunological effects observed in vivo, are considered as the result of the synergistic effect of systemic (mediated by cells of the routes of exposure) and local inflammation (blood cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Vitkina
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V I Yankova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - T A Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V L Kuznetsov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D V Krasnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Nazarenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - V V Chaika
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - S V Smagin
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A Μ Tsatsakis
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A B Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S P Karakitsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece; Chair of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy.
| | - K S Golokhvast
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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183
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Ku BK, Kulkarni P. Measurement of Transport Properties of Aerosolized Nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2015; 90:169-181. [PMID: 26688593 PMCID: PMC4681291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Airborne engineered nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized MWCNT, graphene, fullerene, silver and gold nanorods were characterized using a tandem system of a differential mobility analyzer and an aerosol particle mass analyzer to obtain their airborne transport properties and understand their relationship to morphological characteristics. These nanomaterials were aerosolized using different generation methods such as electrospray, pneumatic atomization, and dry aerosolization techniques, and their airborne transport properties such as mobility and aerodynamic diameters, mass scaling exponent, dynamic shape factor, and effective density were obtained. Laboratory experiments were conducted to directly measure mobility diameter and mass of the airborne nanomaterials using tandem mobility-mass measurements. Mass scaling exponents, aerodynamic diameters, dynamic shape factors and effective densities of mobility-classified particles were obtained from particle mass and the mobility diameter. Microscopy analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to obtain morphological descriptors such as envelop diameter, open area, aspect ratio, and projected area diameter. The morphological information from the TEM was compared with measured aerodynamic and mobility diameters of the particles. The results showed that aerodynamic diameter is smaller than mobility diameter below 500 nm by a factor of 2 to 4 for all nanomaterials except silver and gold nanorods. Morphologies of MWCNTs generated by liquid-based method, such as pneumatic atomization, are more compact than those of dry dispersed MWCNTs, indicating that the morphology depends on particle generation method. TEM analysis showed that projected area diameter of MWCNTs appears to be in reasonable agreement with mobility diameter in the size range from 100 - 400 nm. Principal component analysis of the obtained airborne particle properties also showed that the mobility diameter-based effective density and aerodynamic diameter are eigenvectors and can be used to represent key transport properties of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Ki Ku
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +1 513 841 4147; fax: +1 513 841 4545., (B.K. Ku)
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184
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Dong J, Ma Q. Suppression of basal and carbon nanotube-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in mouse lungs by Nrf2. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:699-709. [PMID: 26592091 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are susceptible to oxidative damage by inhaled pathogenic agents, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in regulating the body's defense against oxidative stress. Here, we analyzed the function of Nrf2 in the lungs. Under a basal condition, Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice showed apparent pulmonary infiltration of granulocytes, macrophages and B and T lymphocytes, and elevated deposition of collagen fibers. Exposure to MWCNT (XNRI MWNT-7, Mitsui, Tokyo, Japan) by pharyngeal aspiration elicited rapid inflammatory and fibrotic responses in a dose (0, 5, 20 and 40 μg) and time (1, 3, 7 and 14 d)-dependent manner. The responses reached peak levels on day 7 post-exposure to 40 μg MWCNT, evidenced by massive inflammatory infiltration and formation of inflammatory and fibrotic foci, which were more evident in Nrf2 KO than wild-type (WT) lungs. At the molecular level, Nrf2 protein was detected at a low level under a basal condition, and was dramatically increased by MWCNT in WT, but not Nrf2 KO, lungs. Activation of Nrf2 was inversely correlated with induced expression of fibrosis marker genes and profibrotic cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of ROS and oxidative stress were remarkably higher in Nrf2 KO than WT lungs under a physiological condition, and were dramatically increased by MWCNT, with the increase significantly more striking in KO lungs. The findings reveal that Nrf2 plays an important role in suppressing the basal and MWCNT-induced oxidant production, inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs, thereby protecting against MWCNT lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown , WV , USA
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185
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Khaliullin TO, Fatkhutdinova LM, Zalyalov RR, Kisin ER, Murray AR, Shvedova AA. In vitro toxic effects of different types of carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/98/1/012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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186
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Tsai CSJ, Hofmann M, Hallock M, Ellenbecker M, Kong J. Assessment of exhaust emissions from carbon nanotube production and particle collection by sampling filters. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:1376-1385. [PMID: 26484976 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1095812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study performed a workplace evaluation of emission control using available air sampling filters and characterized the emitted particles captured in filters. Characterized particles were contained in the exhaust gas released from carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Emitted nanoparticles were collected on grids to be analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CNT clusters in the exhaust gas were collected on filters for investigation. Three types of filters, including Nalgene surfactant-free cellulose acetate (SFCA), Pall A/E glass fiber, and Whatman QMA quartz filters, were evaluated as emission control measures, and particles deposited in the filters were characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to further understand the nature of particles emitted from this CNT production. STEM analysis for collected particles on filters found that particles deposited on filter fibers had a similar morphology on all three filters, that is, hydrophobic agglomerates forming circular beaded clusters on hydrophilic filter fibers on the collecting side of the filter. CNT agglomerates were found trapped underneath the filter surface. The particle agglomerates consisted mostly of elemental carbon regardless of the shapes. Most particles were trapped in filters and no particles were found in the exhaust downstream from A/E and quartz filters, while a few nanometer-sized and submicrometer-sized individual particles and filament agglomerates were found downstream from the SFCA filter. The number concentration of particles with diameters from 5 nm to 20 µm was measured while collecting particles on grids at the exhaust piping. Total number concentration was reduced from an average of 88,500 to 700 particle/cm(3) for the lowest found for all filters used. Overall, the quartz filter showed the most consistent and highest particle reduction control, and exhaust particles containing nanotubes were successfully collected and trapped inside this filter. IMPLICATIONS As concern for the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles grows, there is a need to characterize emission from carbon nanotube synthesis processes and to investigate methods to prevent their environmental release. At this time, the particles emitted from synthesis were not well characterized when collected on filters, and limited information was available about filter performance to such emission. This field study used readily available sampling filters to collect nanoparticles from the exhaust gas of a carbon nanotube furnace. New agglomerates were found on filters from such emitted particles, and the performance of using the filters studied was encouraging in terms of capturing emissions from carbon nanotube synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Su-Jung Tsai
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science , College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
- b Birck Nanotechnology Center , Discovery Park, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Mario Hofmann
- c Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Marilyn Hallock
- d Department of Environment , Health and Safety, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Michael Ellenbecker
- e Toxics Use Reduction Institute , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Jing Kong
- f Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
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187
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Huang KL, Lee YH, Chen HI, Liao HS, Chiang BL, Cheng TJ. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 297:304-312. [PMID: 26010476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used in industry. The metal composition of PM2.5 might contribute to the higher prevalence of asthma. To investigate the effects of ZnO NPs on allergic airway inflammation, mice were first exposed to different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg) or to a combination of ZnO NPs and chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) by oropharyngeal aspiration on day 0 and day 7 and then were sacrificed 5 days later. The subsequent time course of airway inflammation in the mice after ZnO NPs exposure was evaluated on days 1, 7, and 14. To further determine the role of zinc ions, ZnCl2 was also administered. The inflammatory cell count, cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung histopathology were examined. We found significant neutrophilia after exposure to high-dose ZnO NPs on day 1 and significant eosinophilia in the BALF at 7 days. However, the expression levels of the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 increased significantly after 24h of exposure to only ZnO NPs and then decreased gradually. These results suggested that ZnO NPs could cause eosinophilic airway inflammation in the absence of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Huang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Inh Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Shen Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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188
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Elgrabli D, Dachraoui W, Ménard-Moyon C, Liu XJ, Bégin D, Bégin-Colin S, Bianco A, Gazeau F, Alloyeau D. Carbon Nanotube Degradation in Macrophages: Live Nanoscale Monitoring and Understanding of Biological Pathway. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10113-24. [PMID: 26331631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous applications, the cellular-clearance mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has not been clearly established yet. Previous in vitro studies showed the ability of oxidative enzymes to induce nanotube degradation. Interestingly, these enzymes have the common capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we combined material and life science approaches for revealing an intracellular way taken by macrophages to degrade carbon nanotubes. We report the in situ monitoring of ROS-mediated MWCNT degradation by liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Two degradation mechanisms induced by hydroxyl radicals were extracted from these unseen dynamic nanoscale investigations: a non-site-specific thinning process of the walls and a site-specific transversal drilling process on pre-existing defects of nanotubes. Remarkably, similar ROS-induced structural injuries were observed on MWCNTs after aging into macrophages from 1 to 7 days. Beside unraveling oxidative transformations of MWCNT structure, we elucidated an important, albeit not exclusive, biological pathway for MWCNT degradation in macrophages, involving NOX2 complex activation, superoxide production, and hydroxyl radical attack, which highlights the critical role of oxidative stress in cellular processing of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Elgrabli
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot , Paris 75205, France
| | - Walid Dachraoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot , Paris 75205, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS , Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiao Jie Liu
- Institut de Chimie et des Procédés pour L'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg , 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bégin
- Institut de Chimie et des Procédés pour L'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg , 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS , Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot , Paris 75205, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot , Paris 75205, France
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189
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Abstract
Nanomaterials possess unique features which make them particularly attractive for biosensing applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can serve as scaffolds for immobilization of biomolecules at their surface, and combine several exceptional physical, chemical, electrical, and optical characteristics properties which make them one of the best suited materials for the transduction of signals associated with the recognition of analytes, metabolites, or disease biomarkers. Here we provide a comprehensive review on these carbon nanostructures, in which we describe their structural and physical properties, functionalization and cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and toxicity issues. We further review historical developments in the field of biosensors, and describe the different types of biosensors which have been developed over time, with specific focus on CNT-conjugates engineered for biosensing applications, and in particular detection of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May C. Morris
- Cell Cycle Biosensors and Inhibitors, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 5247Montpellier, France
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190
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Christou A, Stec AA, Ahmed W, Aschberger K, Amenta V. A review of exposure and toxicological aspects of carbon nanotubes, and as additives to fire retardants in polymers. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 46:74-95. [PMID: 26482549 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1082972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique physical, chemical, optical and electrical properties opening avenues for a large number of industrial applications. They have shown potential as fire retardant additives in polymers, reducing heat release rate and increasing time to ignition in a number of polymers. Relevant work on the types, properties and applications has been reviewed particularly considering their application in fire situations. There are concerns over the health risks associated with CNTs and many papers have likened CNTs to the health problems associated with asbestos. There are contradictions relating to the toxicity of CNTs with some papers reporting that they are toxic while others state the opposite. Directly comparing various studies is difficult because CNTs come in many combinations of size, type, purity levels and source. CNTs can potentially be released from polymers during the combustion process where human exposure may occur. While this review has shed some light regarding issues relating to toxicity under different fire scenarios much more thorough work is needed to investigate toxicity of CNTs and their evolution from CNT-polymer nanocomposites in order to reach firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Christou
- a Centre for Fire and Hazards Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Anna A Stec
- a Centre for Fire and Hazards Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- b School of Medicine, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Karin Aschberger
- c Nanobiosciences Unit, European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy , and
| | - Valeria Amenta
- d European Chemical Agency , Annankatu 18 , Helsinki , Finland
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191
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Vietti G, Ibouraadaten S, Palmai-Pallag M, Yakoub Y, Piret JP, Marbaix E, Lison D, van den Brule S. Towards predicting the lung fibrogenic activity of MWCNT: Key role of endocytosis, kinase receptors and ERK 1/2 signaling. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:488-500. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1088588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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192
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Boyles MS, Young L, Brown DM, MacCalman L, Cowie H, Moisala A, Smail F, Smith PJ, Proudfoot L, Windle AH, Stone V. Multi-walled carbon nanotube induced frustrated phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory conditions in macrophages are length dependent and greater than that of asbestos. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1513-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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193
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Barnoud J, Urbini L, Monticelli L. C₆₀ fullerene promotes lung monolayer collapse. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20140931. [PMID: 25589571 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne nanometre-sized pollutants are responsible for various respiratory diseases. Such pollutants can reach the gas-exchange surface in the alveoli, which is lined with a monolayer of lung surfactant. The relationship between physiological effects of pollutants and molecular-level interactions is largely unknown. Here, we determine the effects of carbon nanoparticles on the properties of a model of lung monolayer using molecular simulations. We simulate phase-separated lipid monolayers in the presence of a model pollutant nanoparticle, C₆₀ fullerene. In the absence of nanoparticles, the monolayers collapse only at very low surface tensions (around 0 mN m(-1)). In the presence of nanoparticles, instead, monolayer collapse is observed at significantly higher surface tensions (up to ca 10 mN m(-1)). Collapse at higher tensions is related to lower mechanical rigidity of the monolayer. It is possible that similar mechanisms operate on lung surfactant in vivo, which suggests that health effects of airborne carbon nanoparticles may be mediated by alterations of the mechanical properties of lung surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barnoud
- INSERM, UMR-S665, Paris 75015, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris 75013, France
| | - Laura Urbini
- INSERM, UMR-S665, Paris 75015, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S665, Paris 75013, France
| | - Luca Monticelli
- BMSSI, CNRS UMR 5086, IBCP, Lyon, France Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
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194
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Albini A, Pagani A, Pulze L, Bruno A, Principi E, Congiu T, Gini E, Grimaldi A, Bassani B, De Flora S, de Eguileor M, Noonan DM. Environmental impact of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in a novel model of exposure: systemic distribution, macrophage accumulation, and amyloid deposition. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6133-45. [PMID: 26457053 PMCID: PMC4598201 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s85275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated and employed for industrial use because of their peculiar physical properties, which make them ideal for many industrial applications. However, rapid growth of CNT employment raises concerns about the potential risks and toxicities for public health, environment, and workers associated with the manufacture and use of these new materials. Here we investigate the main routes of entry following environmental exposure to multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; currently the most widely used in industry). We developed a novel murine model that could represent a surrogate of a workplace exposure to MWCNTs. We traced the localization of MWCNTs and their possible role in inducing an innate immune response, inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory conditions. Following environmental exposure of CD1 mice, we observed that MWCNTs rapidly enter and disseminate in the organism, initially accumulating in lungs and brain and later reaching the liver and kidney via the bloodstream. Since recent experimental studies show that CNTs are associated with the aggregation process of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether MWCNTs are able to induce amyloid fibril production and accumulation. Amyloid deposits in spatial association with macrophages and MWCNT aggregates were found in the brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys of exposed animals. Our data suggest that accumulation of MWCNTs in different organs is associated with inflammation and amyloid accumulation. In the brain, where we observed rapid accumulation and amyloid fibril deposition, exposure to MWCNTs might enhance progression of neurodegenerative and other amyloid-related diseases. Our data highlight the conclusion that, in a novel rodent model of exposure, MWCNTs may induce macrophage recruitment, activation, and amyloid deposition, causing potential damage to several organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Arianna Pagani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Principi
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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195
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Mishra A, Stueckle TA, Mercer RR, Derk R, Rojanasakul Y, Castranova V, Wang L. Identification of TGF-β receptor-1 as a key regulator of carbon nanotube-induced fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L821-33. [PMID: 26472812 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00002.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induce rapid interstitial lung fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies indicated that the ability of CNTs to penetrate lung epithelium, enter interstitial tissue, and stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen matrix is important to lung fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the activation of transforming growth factor-β receptor-1 [TGF-β R1; i.e., activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. Human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells were exposed to low, physiologically relevant concentrations (0.02-0.6 μg/cm(2)) of single-walled CNTs (SWCNT) and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT) in culture and analyzed for collagen, TGF-β1, TGF-β R1, and SMAD proteins by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Chemical inhibition of ALK5 and short-hairpin (sh) RNA targeting of TGF-β R1 and Smad2 were used to probe the fibrogenic mechanism of CNTs. Both SWCNT and MWCNT induced an overexpression of TGF-β1, TGF-β R1 and Smad2/3 proteins in lung fibroblasts compared with vehicle or ultrafine carbon black-exposed controls. SWCNT- and MWCNT-induced collagen production was blocked by ALK5 inhibitor or shRNA knockdown of TGF-β R1 and Smad2. Our results indicate the critical role of TGF-β R1/Smad2/3 signaling in CNT-induced fibrogenesis by upregulating collagen production in lung fibroblasts. This novel finding may aid in the design of mechanism-based risk assessment and development of rapid screening tests for nanomaterial fibrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert R Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Raymond Derk
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Liying Wang
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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196
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Rodríguez-Yáñez Y, Bahena-Uribe D, Chávez-Munguía B, López-Marure R, González-Monroy S, Cisneros B, Albores A. Commercial single-walled carbon nanotubes effects in fibrinolysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1201-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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197
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Karimi M, Solati N, Ghasemi A, Estiar MA, Hashemkhani M, Kiani P, Mohamed E, Saeidi A, Taheri M, Avci P, Aref AR, Amiri M, Baniasadi F, Hamblin MR. Carbon nanotubes part II: a remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1089-105. [PMID: 25613837 PMCID: PMC4475451 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis. AREAS COVERED Anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin have been delivered by CNT, as well as methotrexate, taxol and gemcitabine. The delivery of the antifungal compound amphotericin B and the oral administration of erythropoietin have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as folic acid, epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations) have been used to allow CNT to act as gene delivery vectors. Plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and micro-RNA have all been delivered by CNT vehicles. Significant concerns are raised about the nanotoxicology of the CNT and their potentially damaging effects on the environment. EXPERT OPINION CNT-mediated drug delivery has been studied for over a decade, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported. The future success of CNTs as vectors in vivo and in clinical application will depend on achievement of efficacious therapy with minimal adverse effects and avoidance of possible toxic and environmentally damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Solati
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Kiani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohamed
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Saeidi
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pinar Avci
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir R Aref
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammad Amiri
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Fazel Baniasadi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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198
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Lai DY. Approach to using mechanism-based structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis to assess human health hazard potential of nanomaterials. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:120-6. [PMID: 26111809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing use and development of engineered nanoparticles in electronics, consumer products, pesticides, food and pharmaceutical industries, there is a growing concern about potential human health hazards of these materials. A number of studies have demonstrated that nanoparticle toxicity is extremely complex, and that the biological activity of nanoparticles will depend on a variety of physicochemical properties such as particle size, shape, agglomeration state, crystal structure, chemical composition, surface area and surface properties. Nanoparticle toxicity can be attributed to nonspecific interaction with biological structures due to their physical properties (e.g., size and shape) and biopersistence, or to specific interaction with biomolecules through their surface properties (e.g., surface chemistry and reactivity) or release of toxic ions. The toxic effects of most nanomaterials have not been adequately characterized and currently, there are many issues and challenges in toxicity testing and risk assessment of nanoparticles. Based on the possible mechanisms of action and available in vitro and in vivo toxicity database, this paper proposes an approach to using mechanism-based SAR analysis to assess the relative human health hazard/risk potential of various types of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Lai
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Risk Assessment Division, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington, DC, USA.
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199
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Fatkhutdinova LM, Khaliullin TO, Shvedova AA. Carbon nanotubes exposure risk assessment: From toxicology to epidemiologic studies (Overview of the current problem). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:501-509. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078015030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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200
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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