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Kamada C, Mukai R, Kondo A, Sato S, Terao J. Effect of quercetin and its metabolite on caveolin-1 expression induced by oxidized LDL and lysophosphatidylcholine in endothelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:193-201. [PMID: 27257344 PMCID: PMC4865600 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation, and quercetin is expected to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects. We previously reported accumulation of conjugated quercetin metabolites in the aorta of rabbits fed high-cholesterol diets with quercetin glucosides, resulting in attenuation of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of lipid accumulation. Caveolin-1, a major structural protein of caveolae in vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in atherosclerosis development. Here we investigated effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, quercetin and its metabolite, quercetin 3-O-β-glucuronide, on caveolin-1 expression. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein significantly upregulated caveolin-1 mRNA expression. An oxidized low-density lipoprotein component, lysophosphatidylcholine, also induced expression of both caveolin-1 mRNA and protein. However, lysophosphatidylcholine did not affect the location of caveolin-1 proteins within caveolae structures. Co-treatment with quercetin or quercetin 3-O-β-glucuronide inhibited lysophosphatidylcholine-induced caveolin-1 expression. Quercetin and quercetin 3-O-β-glucuronide also suppressed expression of adhesion molecules induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lysophosphatidylcholine. These results strongly suggest lysophosphatidylcholine derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein contributes to atherosclerotic events by upregulating caveolin-1 expression, resulting in induction of adhesion molecules. Quercetin metabolites are likely to exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect by attenuating caveolin-1 expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Kamada
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Training Department of Administrative Dietitians, Shikoku University, Ojin-cho Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Rie Mukai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akari Kondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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152
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Fülöp P, Harangi M, Seres I, Paragh G. Paraoxonase-1 and adipokines: Potential links between obesity and atherosclerosis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:388-393. [PMID: 27062889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation are major characteristics of obesity-related disorders. The dominance of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mechanisms triggers insulin resistance and enhances the progression of atherosclerosis. Discovered first as an esterase that hydrolyze organophosphates, human paraoxonase-1 is bound to high-density lipoprotein and inhibits the oxidation of lipoproteins and reduces the degree of inflammation, hence it is considered to act against atherosclerosis. In contrast, the majority of the adipokines secreted from the enlarged white adipose tissue promote the atherosclerotic process; and altered adipokine secretion is now regarded as one of the major contributors of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in obesity. In this review, we detail the correlations between paraoxonase-1 and some selected adipokines, namely leptin, adiponectin and chemerin. Adipokine imbalance leads to decreased paraoxonase-1 activity that results in enhanced atherosclerosis; therefore, altered adipokine secretion may be predictive of cardiovascular complications in obesity. As an active organ secreting biological active substances, white adipose tissue may also act as a "fine-tuner" of immune and endocrine actions attenuating or enhancing reactions triggered by pathogens, inflammation and metabolic stimuli; and obesity, as a chronic noxious state may perturb the proper functioning of this fine-tuning process. Further investigations are of major importance to elucidate the associations between adipokines and paraoxonase-1 and to establish accurate interventions against obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Fülöp
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Hungary.
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153
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Lin J, Zhou S, Zhao T, Ju T, Zhang L. TRPM7 channel regulates ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via MEK-ERK pathways. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:520-32. [PMID: 26900082 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Lin
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; China
| | - Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; China
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154
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Nasif WA, Mukhtar MH, Nour Eldein MM, Ashgar SS. Oxidative DNA damage and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Type II diabetes mellitus among patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:34. [PMID: 27148410 PMCID: PMC4855822 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be associated with various extragastrointestinal conditions such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. H. pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with oxidative stress, this cross-relation between H. pylori induced infection in T2DM and oxidative damage is still debated. Thus, the question arises whether an increase in the serum level of 8-OHdG and Ox-LDL will occurs in patients with T2DM infected H. pylori; this will be through determination and compare frequency of H. pylori infection in T2DM and non-diabetic patients. METHODS 100 patients presented with history of epigastric discomfort for more than 1 month; 50 patients with T2DM and 50 non-diabetics. Anti-H. pylori IgG using ELISA, fasting and postprandial glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum 8-OHdG and Ox-LDL was measured using ELISA for the 100 patients and 50 control subject. RESULTS Rates of H. pylori infection of T2DM and non-diabetic were 66 and 58 %, respectively, (p = 0.001). H. pylori IgG antibody was not correlated with HbA1c either in T2DM (p = 0.06) or non-diabetic (p = 0.25). Serum 8-OHdG level in T2DM with positive H. pylori infection showed a significant difference compared to non-diabetics with positive H. pylori infection (p = 0.001) and higher than that in T2DM with negative H. pylori. A correlation between 8-OHdG concentration and HbA1c in T2DM patients infected with H. pylori was observed (r = 0.39, p = 0.02). Serum Ox-LDL level in T2DM with positive H. pylori infection showed a significant difference compared to diabetics with both negative H. pylori infection and in non-diabetics with positive H. pylori infection (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) and Ox-LDL suggest the mechanistic link between H. pylori infection combined with diabetes and increased generation of ROS and could play as an important image for high risk to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ahmed Nasif
- />Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- />Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar
- />Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahmoud Nour Eldein
- />Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- />Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami Sadagah Ashgar
- />Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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155
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Zhang W, Lei XJ, Wang YF, Wang DQ, Yuan ZY. Role of Kir2.1 in human monocyte-derived foam cell maturation. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:403-12. [PMID: 26689595 PMCID: PMC4759473 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of K+ channels in macrophage immunomodulation has been well‐established. However, it remains unclear whether K+ channels are involved in the lipid uptake of macrophages. The expression and function of the inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1, KCNJ2) in Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) cells and human monocytes derived macrophages (HMDMs) were investigated using RT‐PCR and western blotting, and patch clamp technique. The expression of scavenger receptors in THP‐1–derived macrophages was detected using western blotting. Expressions of Kir2.1 mRNA and protein in HMDMs were significantly decreased by 60% (P < 0.05) and 90% (P < 0.001) on macrophage maturation, but overexpressed by approximately 1.3 (P > 0.05) and 3.8 times (P = 0.001) after foam cell formation respectively. Concurrently, the Kir2.1 peak current density in HMDMs, mature macrophages and foam cells, measured at −150 mV, were −22.61 ± 2.1 pA/pF, −7.88 ± 0.60 pA/pF and −13.39 ± 0.80 pA/pF respectively (P < 0.05). In association with an up‐regulation of Kir2.1 in foam cells, the SR‐A protein level was significantly increased by over 1.5 times compared with macrophages (P < 0.05). THP‐1 cells contained much less lipids upon Kir2.1 knockdown and cholesterol ester/total cholesterol ratio was 29.46 ± 2.01% (P < 0.05), and the SR‐BI protein level was increased by over 6.2 times, compared to that of macrophages (P < 0.001). Kir2.1 may participate in macrophage maturation and differentiation, and play a key role in lipid uptake and foam cell formation through modulating the expression of scavenger receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Jun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong-Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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156
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Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A, Camaré C. Oxidative theory of atherosclerosis and antioxidants. Biochimie 2015; 125:281-96. [PMID: 26717905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process that begins early in infancy and affects all the humans. Early steps of atherogenesis and the evolution towards complex atherosclerotic plaques are briefly described. After a brief history of the 'Lipid theory of atherosclerosis', we report the most prominent discoveries on lipoproteins, their receptors and metabolism, and their role in atherogenesis. The main focus is the 'oxidative theory of atherosclerosis', with emphasis on free radicals and reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation, biological properties of oxidized LDL and their potential role in atherogenesis. Then, we report the properties of antioxidants and antioxidant systems and their effects in vitro, on cultured cells, in animal models and in humans. The surprising discrepancy between the efficacy of antioxidants in vitro and in animal models of atherosclerosis and the lack of protective effect against cardiovascular events and death in epidemiological study and clinical trials are discussed. In contrast, epidemiological studies seem to indicate that the Mediterranean diet may protect (in part) against atherosclerosis complications (myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - C Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France
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157
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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158
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Bernstein KE, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Giani JF, Shah K, Bernstein E, Janjulia T, Koronyo Y, Shi PD, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Fuchs S, Shen XZ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression in myelocytes enhances the immune response. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1173-8. [PMID: 24633750 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in blood pressure control. ACE also has effects on renal function, reproduction, hematopoiesis, and several aspects of the immune response. ACE 10/10 mice overexpress ACE in monocytic cells; macrophages from ACE 10/10 mice demonstrate increased polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. As a result, ACE 10/10 mice have a highly effective immune response following challenge with melanoma, bacterial infection, or Alzheimer disease. As shown in ACE 10/10 mice, enhanced monocytic function greatly contributes to the ability of the immune response to defend against a wide variety of antigenic and non-antigenic challenges.
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159
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Grimm M, Tischner D, Troidl K, Albarrán Juárez J, Sivaraj KK, Ferreirós Bouzas N, Geisslinger G, Binder CJ, Wettschureck N. S1P2/G12/13 Signaling Negatively Regulates Macrophage Activation and Indirectly Shapes the Atheroprotective B1-Cell Population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:37-48. [PMID: 26603156 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monocyte/macrophage recruitment and activation at vascular predilection sites plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Heterotrimeric G proteins of the G12/13 family have been implicated in the control of migration and inflammatory gene expression, but their function in myeloid cells, especially during atherogenesis, is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice with myeloid-specific deficiency for G12/13 show reduced atherosclerosis with a clear shift to anti-inflammatory gene expression in aortal macrophages. These changes are because of neither altered monocyte/macrophage migration nor reduced activation of inflammatory gene expression; on the contrary, G12/13-deficient macrophages show an increased nuclear factor-κB-dependent gene expression in the resting state. Chronically increased inflammatory gene expression in resident peritoneal macrophages results in myeloid-specific G12/13-deficient mice in an altered peritoneal micromilieu with secondary expansion of peritoneal B1 cells. Titers of B1-derived atheroprotective antibodies are increased, and adoptive transfer of peritoneal cells from mutant mice conveys atheroprotection to wild-type mice. With respect to the mechanism of G12/13-mediated transcriptional control, we identify an autocrine feedback loop that suppresses nuclear factor-κB-dependent gene expression through a signaling cascade involving sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 2, G12/13, and RhoA. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show that selective inhibition of G12/13 signaling in macrophages can augment atheroprotective B-cell populations and ameliorate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Grimm
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Denise Tischner
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Julián Albarrán Juárez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Kishor K Sivaraj
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Nerea Ferreirós Bouzas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Christoph J Binder
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.G., D.T., K.T., J.A.J., K.K.S., N.W.); Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Clinical Pharmacology (N.F.B., G.G.) and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty (N.W.), J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.).
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Kobylecki CJ, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically Low Antioxidant Protection and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Diabetic Subjects. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:2010-5. [PMID: 26844281 PMCID: PMC4703764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is one mechanism believed to underlie diabetic vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that diabetic subjects heterozygous for extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) R213G, which entails lower antioxidant capacity in tissues, have increased risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. METHODS We used the prospective Copenhagen General Population Study and Copenhagen City Heart Study and genotyped 95,871 individuals for the rs1799895 R213G variation in the SOD3 gene, of which 4498 had diabetes. We used national hospitalization and death registers to assess cardiovascular disease and heart failure. FINDINGS Out of 95,871 individuals, we identified 93,521 R213G non-carriers (213RR, 97.5%), 2336 heterozygotes (213RG, 2.4%) and 14 homozygotes (213GG, 0.01%). In diabetic subjects, the hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease in R213G heterozygotes compared to non-carriers was 2.32 (95% CI 1·44-3.75), with a corresponding hazard ratio in non-diabetic subjects of 0.97 (0·80-1.19) (p for interaction 0.002). For heart failure, the hazard ratios in R213G heterozygotes compared to non-carriers were 2.19 (1.28-3.76) in diabetic and 0.68 (0.49-0.92) in non-diabetic subjects (p for interaction < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure was higher in R213G heterozygotes versus non-carriers in diabetic subjects, but not in non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Kobylecki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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161
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Zhang Y, Chen B, Ming L, Qin H, Zheng L, Yue Z, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu C, Bin W, Hao Q, Song F, Ji B. MicroRNA-141 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through targeting PAPP-A. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14401-14408. [PMID: 26823756 PMCID: PMC4713542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that ox-LDL plays key roles in the development of atherosclerosis, partly by inducing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation. Recent findings have revealed that microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, could regulate cell proliferation in many physiological and pathological conditions. However, the role and function of miRNAs on ox-LDL induced VSMC proliferation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that ox-LDL could suppress miR-141 expression and inhibition of miR-141 could promote VSMCs proliferation. Moreover, we found that PAPPA was the direct target gene of miR-141. Overexpression of PAPPA impaired the miR-141-induced inhibition of proliferation in the VSMCs. Taken together; miR-141 may play important roles in ox-LDL-induced abnormal proliferation of the VSMC.
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MESH Headings
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/genetics
- Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Bainan Chen
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Liu Ming
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Hongsong Qin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Liu Zheng
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Zhixin Cheng
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Wang Bin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Qingzhi Hao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Fuchen Song
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
| | - Bo Ji
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University Jinan, China
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162
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Maiolino G, Azzolini M, Rossi GP, Davis PA, Calò LA. Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:51-8. [PMID: 25770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II, these patients display decreased production of ROS, reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant defenses. In fact, Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients are characterized by reduced levels of p22(phox) gene expression and undetectable plasma peroxynitrite levels, while showing increased plasma antioxidant power and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, multifarious data suggest that Bartter and Gitelman syndrome patients are a model of low oxidative stress and high antioxidant defenses. The contribution offered by the study of these syndromes in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this favorable status could offer chances for new therapeutic targets in disease characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy.
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163
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Sahebkar A. Effect of statin therapy on paraoxonase-1 status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 clinical trials. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:50-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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164
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Aoki S, Iwai A, Kawata K, Muramatsu D, Uchiyama H, Okabe M, Ikesue M, Maeda N, Uede T. Oral administration of the β-glucan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans ameliorates development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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165
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Cho YK, Kang YM, Hwang JY, Kim EH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Park JY, Lee WJ, Kim HK, Jung CH. Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and the progression of coronary artery calcification. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:300-6. [PMID: 26414209 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been demonstrated to be associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC). CAC progression is an important marker of atherosclerosis and correlates with future cardiovascular risk. However, there is a lack of research that directly examines the association between serum GGT and CAC progression. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between serum GGT activity and CAC progression. METHODS We enrolled 1246 asymptomatic participants who underwent repeated CAC score measurement during routine health examinations. To eliminate the dependence of the inter scan variability on the baseline CAC scores, square root-transformed CAC scores were used to analyze CAC progression. In addition, the annualized rate of change in CAC scores was computed. RESULTS Serum GGT activities were significantly higher in "progressors" than "nonprogressors". The prevalence of progression increased with the GGT tertile (11.9%, 20.1% and 27.9% in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd GGT tertiles, respectively; p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for CAC score progression was 1.85 (1.14-3.00) in the highest GGT tertile group. By multivariate linear regression analysis, baseline serum GGT activity demonstrated a positive association with the annualized change in CAC score (β = 0.002; p = 0.006) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Elevated serum GGT levels are independently associated with CAC progression. Serum GGT levels may be a potential biomarker of future coronary atherosclerosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jenie Yoonoo Hwang
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Won Kang
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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166
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Passacquale G, Di Giosia P, Ferro A. The role of inflammatory biomarkers in developing targeted cardiovascular therapies: lessons from the cardiovascular inflammation reduction trials. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:9-23. [PMID: 26410367 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory add-on therapy to conventional cardiovascular prophylaxis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to potentially reduce residual cardiovascular risk. This hypothesis has been challenged by a series of unsuccessful Phase III studies testing the impact on clinical outcomes of novel agents with immunomodulatory actions. Specifically, the apparent ability of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors and of antioxidants to ameliorate inflammation and to reduce coronary disease in Phase II trials did not translate into improved secondary cardiovascular prevention in larger population-based studies. Other anti-inflammatory agents are still under scrutiny. However, studies to date have lacked information on the inflammatory profile of the participants, both at baseline and at follow-up, thereby limiting the possibility of identifying subgroups of patients in whom 'residual inflammation' can be detected despite optimal conventional therapy, and who could therefore benefit from a cardiovascular prevention strategy specifically targeting inflammation. This has also rendered it difficult to interpret the results as a conclusive demonstration of inefficacy of the tested anti-inflammatory strategies in the treatment of atherosclerosis. We here discuss the importance of better patient characterization to minimize heterogeneity of the study population, so that effectiveness of different anti-inflammatory strategies can be evaluated in targeted subgroups of patients. We also illustrate how specific inflammatory biomarkers could assist in this process, with particular emphasis on the roles of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and circulating monocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Passacquale
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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167
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Nomura S, Monobe M, Ema K, Matsunaga A, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Horie H. Effects of flavonol-rich green tea cultivar (Camellia sinensis L.) on plasma oxidized LDL levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:360-2. [PMID: 26364623 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1083400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine the possible benefits of tea flavonols, we compared anti-atherogenic effects between common and flavonol-rich tea cultivars. The tea infusion made from a flavonol-rich cultivar, but not a common cultivar, significantly decreased the plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein level in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. The result suggests that tea flavonols have the potential to protect against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nomura
- a Tea Industry Research Division , NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science , Shimada , Japan
| | - Manami Monobe
- a Tea Industry Research Division , NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science , Shimada , Japan
| | - Kaori Ema
- a Tea Industry Research Division , NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science , Shimada , Japan
| | - Akiko Matsunaga
- a Tea Industry Research Division , NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science , Shimada , Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- b Food Function Division , NARO National Food Research Institute , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hideki Horie
- a Tea Industry Research Division , NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science , Shimada , Japan
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168
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de Munter W, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB, van Lent PLEM. High systemic levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: fuel to the flames in inflammatory osteoarthritis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:16-24. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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169
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Bachi ALL, Sierra APR, Rios FJO, Gonçalves DA, Ghorayeb N, Abud RL, Victorino AB, Dos Santos JMB, Kiss MADP, Pithon-Curi TC, Vaisberg M. Athletes with higher VO 2max present reduced oxLDL after a marathon race. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1:bmjsem-2015-000014. [PMID: 27900109 PMCID: PMC5117006 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During a session of prolonged and exhaustive exercise, such as a marathon race, large quantities of free radicals are produced and can oxidise (ox) several molecules, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). To prevent oxidative damage, athletes present higher antioxidant levels. However, the effect of marathon running on the natural IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies is not understood. Thus, we investigated the effect of a marathon race on oxidative stress and the mechanisms of control of this stress. Methods Blood samples of 20 marathon runners were collected 24 hours before, immediately and 72 hours after a marathon race to evaluate: plasma lipid profile; serum levels of oxLDL and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies (IgM and IgG isotype) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was also determined. Results Immediately after the race, oxLDL and TAC levels decreased in comparison to the basal levels; however, the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels remain unchanged. Whereas no differences were observed in the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels 72h after the marathon, the oxLDL and TAC levels returned to the basal values. Significant positive correlations were observed between oxLDL and LDL-cholesterol before, and 72h after the marathon. Significant negative correlations were observed between oxLDL and VO2max immediately after the marathon and 72 h later, as well as between oxLDL and TAC 72 h after the race. Conclusions Athletes with a higher VO2max and total antioxidant activity presented reduced LDL oxidation. The levels of IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies were not affected by running the marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L L Bachi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula R Sierra
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Francisco J O Rios
- Department of Immunology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Nabil Ghorayeb
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Abud
- Institute of Preventive Medicine of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Angélica B Victorino
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Juliana M B Dos Santos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Tania C Pithon-Curi
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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170
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Changes in LDL Oxidative Status and Oxidative and Inflammatory Gene Expression after Red Wine Intake in Healthy People: A Randomized Trial. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:317348. [PMID: 26101461 PMCID: PMC4458536 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial oxidative stress is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the organism towards oxidative damage after consumption of a meal rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates. Micronutrients modulate immune system and exert a protective action by reducing low density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation via induction of antioxidant enzymes. We evaluated the gene expression of oxidative stress (HOSp), inflammasome (HIp), and human drug metabolism pathways (HDM) and ox-LDL level at baseline and after the intake of red wine naturally enriched with resveratrol (NPVRW), in association with or without a McDonald's meal (McDM). The ox-LDL levels significantly increase comparing baseline (B) versus McDM and decreased comparing McDM versus McDM + NPVRW (P ≤ 0.05). Percentages of significant genes expressed after each nutritional intervention were the following: (1) B versus McDM, 2.88% HOSp, 2.40% of HIp, and 3.37% of HDMp; (2) B versus McDM + NPVRW, 1.44% of HOSp, 4.81% of HIp, and 0.96% of HDMp; (3) McDM versus McDM + NPVRW, 2.40% of HOSp, 2.40% of HIp, and 5.77% of HDMp; (4) B versus NPVRW, 4.80% HOSp, 3.85% HIp, and 3.85% HDMp. NPVRW intake reduced postprandial ox-LDL and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress related genes. Chronic studies on larger population are necessary before definitive conclusions.
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171
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Sayın Kocakap DB, Doğru MT, Şimşek V, Çabuk F, Yıldırım N, Çelik Y, Alyılmaz Bekmez S, Erdem S. The association of paraoxonase 1 gene L55M polymorphism with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population and its dependence on gender. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 16:175-82. [PMID: 26467378 PMCID: PMC5336803 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common, complex, and progressive disorder characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries. It is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is involved in lipid metabolism and is believed to protect LDL oxidation. In our study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between PON1 gene L55M polymorphism and the extent and severity of CAD. METHODS In total, 114 patients (54 males, mean age: 56.7 ± 12.0 years; 60 females, mean age: 55.7 ± 13.2 years) with stable angina or angina equivalent symptoms were enrolled in this prospective study. Cardiological evaluation was performed with electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking status were ascertained. The patients were grouped according to their Gensini scores and gender. Genetic analysis of the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We determined that the LL genotype was more prevalent in patients with Gensini score higher than or equal to 20 (p=0.026) and that this correlated with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions in both gender groups, reaching a statistical significance in the female subjects (p=0.038). CONCLUSION It was thought that the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism plays a significant role in CAD progression, especially in females.
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172
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Djoussé L, Petrone AB, Gaziano JM. Consumption of fried foods and risk of heart failure in the physicians' health study. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3924. [PMID: 25907125 PMCID: PMC4579942 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fried foods is highly prevalent in the Western dietary pattern. Though limited studies have reported a positive association between frequency of fried food intake and risk of coronary artery disease, diabetes, or hypertension, other investigators failed to report such an association. It is unclear whether intake of fried foods is associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HF). Hence, we sought to examine the association between the frequency of fried food consumption and the risk of HF. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective cohort study of 15 362 participants from the Physicians' Health Study. Fried food intake frequency was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (1997-2001), and incident HF was captured by annual questionnaires. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of HF. After an average follow-up of 9.6 ± 2.4 years, a total of 632 new HF cases occurred in this cohort. Compared to subjects who reported fried food consumption of <1 per week, HRs (95% CI) for HF were 1.24 (1.04 to 1.48), 1.28 (1.00 to 1.63), and 2.03 (1.37 to 3.02) for fried food intake of 1 to 3/week, 4 to 6/week, and 7+/week, respectively, after adjustment for age, energy intake, alcohol use, exercise, smoking, and overall diet score (P linear trend, 0.0002). Similar results were obtained for intake of fried foods at home or away from home and among subjects with higher dietary score or HF without antecedent myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with a positive association of fried food intake frequency with incident HF in male physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.D., A.B.P., M.G.)
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.D., A.B.P., M.G.)
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.D., A.B.P., M.G.) Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.G.) Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (M.G.)
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173
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Volný O, Kašičková L, Coufalová D, Cimflová P, Novák J. microRNAs in Cerebrovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:155-95. [PMID: 26663183 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke, represent major burden of disability and economy impact. Major advances in primary and secondary prevention and therapy are needed in order to tackle this public health problem. Our better understanding of pathophysiology is essential in order to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools and strategies. microRNAs are a family of important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and their involvement in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases has already been reported. Moreover, microRNAs may represent above-mentioned potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical practice. Within this chapter, we briefly describe basic epidemiology, aetiology and clinical manifestation of following cerebrovascular diseases: extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, acute stroke, intracranial aneurysms and cerebral arterio-venous malformations. Further, in each chapter, the current knowledge about the involvement of specific microRNAs and their potential use in clinical practice will be summarized. More specifically, within the subchapter "miRNAs in carotid atherosclerosis", general information about miRNA involvement in atherosclerosis will be described (miR-126, miR-17-92, miR-155 and others) with special emphasis put on miRNAs affecting carotid plaque progression and stability (e.g. miR-145, miR-146 or miR-217). In the subchapter "miRNAs in acute stroke", we will provide insight into recent knowledge from animal and human studies concerning miRNA profiling in acute stroke and their expression dynamics in brain tissue and extracellular fluids (roles of, e.g. let-7 family, miR-21, miR-29 family, miR-124, miR-145, miR-181 family, miR-210 and miR-223). Subchapters dealing with "miRNAs and AV malformations" and "miRNAs and intracranial aneurysms" will focus on miR-21, miR-26, miR-29 family and miR-143/145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Volný
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Kašičková
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Coufalová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Cimflová
- Department of Radiology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
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174
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Jay AG, Chen AN, Paz MA, Hung JP, Hamilton JA. CD36 binds oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) in a mechanism dependent upon fatty acid binding. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4590-4603. [PMID: 25555908 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of unesterified fatty acid (FA) with the scavenger receptor CD36 has been actively researched, with focuses on FA and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake. CD36 has been shown to bind FA, but this interaction has been poorly characterized to date. To gain new insights into the physiological relevance of binding of FA to CD36, we characterized FA binding to the ectodomain of CD36 by the biophysical method surface plasmon resonance. Five structurally distinct FAs (saturated, monounsaturated (cis and trans), polyunsaturated, and oxidized) were pulsed across surface plasmon resonance channels, generating association and dissociation binding curves. Except for the oxidized FA HODE, all FAs bound to CD36, with rapid association and dissociation kinetics similar to HSA. Next, to elucidate the role that each FA might play in CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake, we used a fluorescent oxLDL (Dii-oxLDL) live cell assay with confocal microscopy imaging. CD36-mediated uptake in serum-free medium was very low but greatly increased when serum was present. The addition of exogenous FA in serum-free medium increased oxLDL binding and uptake to levels found with serum and affected CD36 plasma membrane distribution. Binding/uptake of oxLDL was dependent upon the FA dose, except for docosahexaenoic acid, which exhibited binding to CD36 but did not activate the uptake of oxLDL. HODE also did not affect oxLDL uptake. High affinity FA binding to CD36 and the effects of each FA on oxLDL uptake have important implications for protein conformation, binding of other ligands, functional properties of CD36, and high plasma FA levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Jay
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and; Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Alexander N Chen
- Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Miguel A Paz
- Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Justin P Hung
- Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - James A Hamilton
- Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.
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175
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HUANG BAOJUN, JIN MENGXING, YAN HAI, CHENG YANWEI, HUANG DAKE, YING SONGCHENG, ZHANG LINJIE. Simvastatin enhances oxidized-low density lipoprotein-induced macrophage autophagy and attenuates lipid aggregation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1093-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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176
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Chaabane C, Coen M, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch: implications for foam cell formation. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:374-9. [PMID: 25110900 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well accepted that LDLs and its modified form oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and foam cell formation. Whereas the majority of these cells have been demonstrated to be derived from macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) give rise to a significant number of foam cells as well. During atherosclerotic plaque formation, SMCs switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. The contribution of this process to foam cell formation is still not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS It has been confirmed that a large proportion of foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaques and in experimental intimal thickening arise from SMCs. SMC-derived foam cells express receptors involved in ox-LDL uptake and HDL reverse transport. In-vitro studies show that treatment of SMCs with ox-LDL induces typical foam-cell formation; this process is associated with a transition of SMCs toward a synthetic phenotype. SUMMARY This review summarizes data regarding the phenotypic switch of arterial SMCs within atherosclerotic lesion and their contribution to intimal foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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177
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Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates proliferation and oxidative stress in human vascular smooth muscle cells induced by interleukin-1β via heme oxygenase-1. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:523684. [PMID: 25386047 PMCID: PMC4214103 DOI: 10.1155/2014/523684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) triggered by inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress contributes importantly to atherogenesis. The association of green tea consumption with cardiovascular protection has been well documented in epidemiological observations, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the most active green tea catechin derivative, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), focusing particularly on the role of a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We found that pretreatment of EGCG dose- and time-dependently induced HO-1 protein levels in HASMCs. EGCG inhibited interleukin- (IL-)1β-induced HASMC proliferation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The HO-1 inducer CoPPIX decreased IL-1β-induced cell proliferation, whereas the HO-1 enzyme inhibitor ZnPPIX significantly reversed EGCG-caused growth inhibition in IL-1β-treated HASMCs. At the molecular level, EGCG treatment significantly activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) transcription activities. These results suggest that EGCG might serve as a complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of these pathologies by inducing HO-1 expression and subsequently decreasing VSMC proliferation.
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178
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Ferretti G, Turco I, Bacchetti T. Apple as a Source of Dietary Phytonutrients: Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects against Human Cardiovascular Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.513134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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