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Teplyuk NM, Uhlmann EJ, Gabriely G, Volfovsky N, Wang Y, Teng J, Karmali P, Marcusson E, Peter M, Mohan A, Kraytsberg Y, Cialic R, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Tannous B, Krichevsky AM. Therapeutic potential of targeting microRNA-10b in established intracranial glioblastoma: first steps toward the clinic. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:268-87. [PMID: 26881967 PMCID: PMC4772951 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is a unique oncogenic miRNA that is highly expressed in all GBM subtypes, while absent in normal neuroglial cells of the brain. miR-10b inhibition strongly impairs proliferation and survival of cultured glioma cells, including glioma-initiating stem-like cells (GSC). Although several miR-10b targets have been identified previously, the common mechanism conferring the miR-10b-sustained viability of GSC is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in heterogeneous GSC, miR-10b regulates cell cycle and alternative splicing, often through the non-canonical targeting via 5'UTRs of its target genes, including MBNL1-3, SART3, and RSRC1. We have further assessed the inhibition of miR-10b in intracranial human GSC-derived xenograft and murine GL261 allograft models in athymic and immunocompetent mice. Three delivery routes for the miR-10b antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors (ASO), direct intratumoral injections, continuous osmotic delivery, and systemic intravenous injections, have been explored. In all cases, the treatment with miR-10b ASO led to targets' derepression, and attenuated growth and progression of established intracranial GBM. No significant systemic toxicity was observed upon ASO administration by local or systemic routes. Our results indicate that miR-10b is a promising candidate for the development of targeted therapies against all GBM subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya M Teplyuk
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Teng
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Merlene Peter
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athul Mohan
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yevgenya Kraytsberg
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bakhos Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Malignant tumors shed DNA into the circulation. The transient half-life of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may afford the opportunity to diagnose, monitor recurrence, and evaluate response to therapy solely through a non-invasive blood draw. However, detecting ctDNA against the normally occurring background of cell-free DNA derived from healthy cells has proven challenging, particularly in non-metastatic solid tumors. In this study, distinct differences in fragment length size between ctDNAs and normal cell-free DNA are defined. Human ctDNA in rat plasma derived from human glioblastoma multiforme stem-like cells in the rat brain and human hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat flank were found to have a shorter principal fragment length than the background rat cell-free DNA (134–144 bp vs. 167 bp, respectively). Subsequently, a similar shift in the fragment length of ctDNA in humans with melanoma and lung cancer was identified compared to healthy controls. Comparison of fragment lengths from cell-free DNA between a melanoma patient and healthy controls found that the BRAF V600E mutant allele occurred more commonly at a shorter fragment length than the fragment length of the wild-type allele (132–145 bp vs. 165 bp, respectively). Moreover, size-selecting for shorter cell-free DNA fragment lengths substantially increased the EGFR T790M mutant allele frequency in human lung cancer. These findings provide compelling evidence that experimental or bioinformatic isolation of a specific subset of fragment lengths from cell-free DNA may improve detection of ctDNA. During cell death, DNA that is not contained within a membrane (i.e., cell-free DNA) enters the circulation. Detecting cell-free DNA originating from solid tumors (i.e., circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA), particularly solid tumors that have not metastasized, has proven challenging due to the relatively abundant background of normally occurring cell-free DNA derived from healthy cells. Our study defines the subtle but distinct differences in fragment length between normal cell-free DNA and ctDNA from a variety of solid tumors. Specifically, ctDNA was overall consistently shorter than the fragment length of normal cell-free DNA. Subsequently, we showed that a size-selection for shorter cell-free DNA fragments increased the proportion of ctDNA within a sample. These results provide compelling evidence that development of techniques to isolate a subset of cell-free DNA consistent with the ctDNA fragment lengths described in our study may substantially improve detection of non-metastatic solid tumors. As such, our findings may have a direct impact on the clinical utility of ctDNA for the non-invasive detection and diagnosis of solid tumors (i.e., the “liquid biopsy”), monitoring tumor recurrence, and evaluating tumor response to therapy.
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153
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Systemically administered AAV9-sTRAIL combats invasive glioblastoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16017. [PMID: 27382645 PMCID: PMC4916948 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing tumoricidal genes injected directly into brain tumors have shown some promise, however, invasive tumor cells are relatively unaffected. Systemic injection of AAV9 vectors provides widespread delivery to the brain and potentially the tumor/microenvironment. Here we assessed AAV9 for potential glioblastoma therapy using two different promoters driving the expression of the secreted anti-cancer agent sTRAIL as a transgene model; the ubiquitously active chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter and the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter to restrict expression in brain. Intravenous injection of AAV9 vectors encoding a bioluminescent reporter showed similar distribution patterns, although the NSE promoter yielded 100-fold lower expression in the abdomen (liver), with the brain-to-liver expression ratio remaining the same. The main cell types targeted by the CBA promoter were astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, while expression by NSE promoter mostly occurred in neurons. Intravenous administration of either AAV9-CBA-sTRAIL or AAV9-NSE-sTRAIL vectors to mice bearing intracranial patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts led to a slower tumor growth and significantly increased survival, with the CBA promoter having higher efficacy. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the potential of systemic injection of AAV9 vector encoding a therapeutic gene for the treatment of brain tumors.
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154
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Cherry AE, Haas BR, Naydenov AV, Fung S, Xu C, Swinney K, Wagenbach M, Freeling J, Canton DA, Coy J, Horne EA, Rickman B, Vicente JJ, Scott JD, Ho RJY, Liggitt D, Wordeman L, Stella N. ST-11: A New Brain-Penetrant Microtubule-Destabilizing Agent with Therapeutic Potential for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2018-29. [PMID: 27325686 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a devastating and intractable type of cancer. Current antineoplastic drugs do not improve the median survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme beyond 14 to 15 months, in part because the blood-brain barrier is generally impermeable to many therapeutic agents. Drugs that target microtubules (MT) have shown remarkable efficacy in a variety of cancers, yet their use as glioblastoma multiforme treatments has also been hindered by the scarcity of brain-penetrant MT-targeting compounds. We have discovered a new alkylindole compound, ST-11, that acts directly on MTs and rapidly attenuates their rate of assembly. Accordingly, ST-11 arrests glioblastoma multiforme cells in prometaphase and triggers apoptosis. In vivo analyses reveal that unlike current antitubulin agents, ST-11 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Further investigation in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme shows that ST-11 activates caspase-3 in tumors to reduce tumor volume without overt toxicity. Thus, ST-11 represents the first member of a new class of brain-penetrant antitubulin therapeutic agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2018-29. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Cherry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian R Haas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alipi V Naydenov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan Fung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katie Swinney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Wagenbach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Freeling
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David A Canton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Coy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric A Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Barry Rickman
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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155
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Oncolytic herpes simplex virus kills stem-like tumor-initiating colon cancer cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16013. [PMID: 27347556 PMCID: PMC4909096 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are implicated in cancer progression and recurrence, and can be identified by sphere-formation and tumorigenicity assays. Oncolytic viruses infect, replicate in, and kill a variety of cancer cells. In this study, we seek proof of principle that TICs are susceptible to viral infection. HCT8 human colon cancer cells were subjected to serum-free culture to generate TIC tumorspheres. Parent cells and TICs were infected with HSV-1 subtype NV1066. Cytotoxicity, viral replication, and Akt1 expression were assessed. TIC tumorigenicity was confirmed and NV1066 efficacy was assessed in vivo. NV1066 infection was highly cytotoxic to both parent HCT8 cells and TICs. In both populations, cell-kill of >80% was achieved within 3 days of infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.0. However, the parent cells required 2-log greater viral replication to achieve the same cytotoxicity. TICs overexpressed Akt1 in vitro and formed flank tumors from as little as 100 cells, growing earlier, faster, larger, and with greater histologic atypia than tumors from parent cells. Treatment of TIC-induced tumors with NV1066 yielded tumor regression and slowed tumor growth. We conclude that colon TICs are selected for by serum-free culture, overexpress Akt1, and are susceptible to oncolytic viral infection.
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156
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Shah K. Stem cell-based therapies for tumors in the brain: are we there yet? Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1066-78. [PMID: 27282399 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding adult stem cell biology have facilitated the development of novel cell-based therapies for cancer. Recent developments in conventional therapies (eg, tumor resection techniques, chemotherapy strategies, and radiation therapy) for treating both metastatic and primary tumors in the brain, particularly glioblastoma have not resulted in a marked increase in patient survival. Preclinical studies have shown that multiple stem cell types exhibit inherent tropism and migrate to the sites of malignancy. Recent studies have validated the feasibility potential of using engineered stem cells as therapeutic agents to target and eliminate malignant tumor cells in the brain. This review will discuss the recent progress in the therapeutic potential of stem cells for tumors in the brain and also provide perspectives for future preclinical studies and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Shah
- Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S.); Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (K.S.); Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S.)
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157
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Pediatric and Adult High-Grade Glioma Stem Cell Culture Models Are Permissive to Lytic Infection with Parvovirus H-1. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050138. [PMID: 27213425 PMCID: PMC4885093 DOI: 10.3390/v8050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining virus-induced cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic effects, oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for high-grade glioma (HGG). A clinical trial has recently provided evidence for the clinical safety of the oncolytic parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) in adult glioblastoma relapse patients. The present study assesses the efficacy of H-1PV in eliminating HGG initiating cells. H-1PV was able to enter and to transduce all HGG neurosphere culture models (n = 6), including cultures derived from adult glioblastoma, pediatric glioblastoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Cytotoxic effects induced by the virus have been observed in all HGG neurospheres at half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) doses of input virus between 1 and 10 plaque forming units per cell. H-1PV infection at this dose range was able to prevent tumorigenicity of NCH421k glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) “stem-like” cells in NOD/SCID mice. Interestingly NCH421R, an isogenic subclone with equal capacity of xenograft formation, but resistant to H-1PV infection could be isolated from the parental NCH421k culture. To reveal changes in gene expression associated with H-1PV resistance we performed a comparative gene expression analysis in these subclones. Several dysregulated genes encoding receptor proteins, endocytosis factors or regulators innate antiviral responses were identified and represent intriguing candidates for to further study molecular mechanisms of H-1PV resistance.
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158
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GuhaSarkar D, Su Q, Gao G, Sena-Esteves M. Systemic AAV9-IFNβ gene delivery treats highly invasive glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1508-1518. [PMID: 27194146 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete surgical removal of all glioblastoma (GBM) cells is impossible due to extensive infiltration into brain parenchyma that ultimately leads to tumor recurrence. The current standard of care affords modest improvements in survival. New therapeutic interventions are needed to prevent recurrence. Local AAV-hIFNβ gene delivery to the brain was previously shown to eradicate noninvasive orthotopic U87 tumors in mice. However, widespread CNS gene delivery may be necessary to treat invasive GBMs. Here we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of systemically infused AAV9-hIFNβ against an invasive orthotopic GBM8 model. METHODS Mice bearing human GBM8 brain tumors expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) were treated systemically with different doses of scAAV9-hIFNβ vector. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by sequential bioluminescence imaging of tumor Fluc activity and animal survival. Brains were analyzed post mortem for the presence and appearance of tumors. Two transcriptionally restricted AAV vectors were used to assess the therapeutic contribution of peripheral hIFNβ. RESULTS Systemic infusion of scAAV9-hIFNβ vector induced complete regression of established GBM8 tumors in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy of this approach was also dependent on the stage of tumor growth at the time of treatment. We also showed that peripherally produced hIFNβ contributed considerably to the therapeutic effect of scAAV9-hIFNβ. A comparative study of systemic and unilateral intracranial delivery of scAAV9-hIFNβ in a bilateral GBM8 tumor model showed the systemic route to be the most effective approach for treating widely dispersed tumors. CONCLUSIONS Systemic delivery of AAV9-IFNβ is an attractive approach for invasive and multifocal GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwijit GuhaSarkar
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., Q.S., G.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (D.G., M.S.-E.); Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (G.G.)
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159
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Kloepper J, Riedemann L, Amoozgar Z, Seano G, Susek K, Yu V, Dalvie N, Amelung RL, Datta M, Song JW, Askoxylakis V, Taylor JW, Lu-Emerson C, Batista A, Kirkpatrick ND, Jung K, Snuderl M, Muzikansky A, Stubenrauch KG, Krieter O, Wakimoto H, Xu L, Munn LL, Duda DG, Fukumura D, Batchelor TT, Jain RK. Ang-2/VEGF bispecific antibody reprograms macrophages and resident microglia to anti-tumor phenotype and prolongs glioblastoma survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4476-81. [PMID: 27044098 PMCID: PMC4843473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525360113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has failed to improve overall survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) overexpression compromised the benefit from anti-VEGF therapy in a preclinical GBM model. Here we investigated whether dual Ang-2/VEGF inhibition could overcome resistance to anti-VEGF treatment. We treated mice bearing orthotopic syngeneic (Gl261) GBMs or human (MGG8) GBM xenografts with antibodies inhibiting VEGF (B20), or Ang-2/VEGF (CrossMab, A2V). We examined the effects of treatment on the tumor vasculature, immune cell populations, tumor growth, and survival in both the Gl261 and MGG8 tumor models. We found that in the Gl261 model, which displays a highly abnormal tumor vasculature, A2V decreased vessel density, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival compared with B20. In the MGG8 model, which displays a low degree of vessel abnormality, A2V induced no significant changes in the tumor vasculature but still prolonged survival. In both the Gl261 and MGG8 models A2V reprogrammed protumor M2 macrophages toward the antitumor M1 phenotype. Our findings indicate that A2V may prolong survival in mice with GBM by reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment and delaying tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kloepper
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lars Riedemann
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Katharina Susek
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Veronica Yu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nisha Dalvie
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Robin L Amelung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Meenal Datta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Vasileios Askoxylakis
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Christine Lu-Emerson
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ana Batista
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Nathaniel D Kirkpatrick
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kay G Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114;
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160
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Tateishi K, Iafrate AJ, Ho Q, Curry WT, Batchelor TT, Flaherty KT, Onozato ML, Lelic N, Sundaram S, Cahill DP, Chi AS, Wakimoto H. Myc-Driven Glycolysis Is a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4452-65. [PMID: 27076630 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulated Myc drives an oncogenic metabolic state, including pseudohypoxic glycolysis, adapted for the constitutive production of biomolecular precursors to feed rapid tumor cell growth. In glioblastoma, Myc facilitates renewal of the tumor-initiating cell reservoir contributing to tumor maintenance. We investigated whether targeting the Myc-driven metabolic state could be a selectively toxic therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The glycolytic dependency of Myc-driven glioblastoma was tested using (13)C metabolic flux analysis, glucose-limiting culture assays, and glycolysis inhibitors, including inhibitors of the NAD(+) salvage enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT), in MYC and MYCN shRNA knockdown and lentivirus overexpression systems and in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres with and without MYC/MYCN amplification. The in vivo efficacy of glycolyic inhibition was tested using NAMPT inhibitors in MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft mouse models. RESULTS Enforced Myc overexpression increased glucose flux and expression of glycolytic enzymes in glioblastoma cells. Myc and N-Myc knockdown and Myc overexpression systems demonstrated that Myc activity determined sensitivity and resistance to inhibition of glycolysis. Small-molecule inhibitors of glycolysis, particularly NAMPT inhibitors, were selectively toxic to MYC/MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres. NAMPT inhibitors were potently cytotoxic, inducing apoptosis and significantly extended the survival of mice bearing MYCN-amplified patient-derived glioblastoma orthotopic xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Myc activation in glioblastoma generates a dependency on glycolysis and an addiction to metabolites required for glycolysis. Glycolytic inhibition via NAMPT inhibition represents a novel metabolically targeted therapeutic strategy for MYC or MYCN-amplified glioblastoma and potentially other cancers genetically driven by Myc. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4452-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quan Ho
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maristela L Onozato
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Lelic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudhandra Sundaram
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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161
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Nigim F, Esaki SI, Hood M, Lelic N, James MF, Ramesh V, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Cahill DP, Brastianos PK, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL, Wakimoto H. A new patient-derived orthotopic malignant meningioma model treated with oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1278-87. [PMID: 26951380 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher-grade meningiomas (HGMs; World Health Organization grades II and III) pose a clinical problem due to high recurrence rates and the absence of effective therapy. Preclinical development of novel therapeutics requires a disease model that recapitulates the genotype and phenotype of patient HGM. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has shown efficacy and safety in cancers in preclinical and clinical studies, but its utility for HGM has not been well characterized. METHODS Tumorsphere cultures and serial orthotopic xenografting in immunodeficient mice were used to establish a patient-derived HGM model. The model was pathologically and molecularly characterized by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and genomic DNA sequencing and compared with the patient tumor. Anti-HGM effects of oHSV G47Δ were assessed using cell viability and virus replication assays in vitro and animal survival analysis following intralesional injections of G47Δ. RESULTS We established a serially transplantable orthotopic malignant meningioma model, MN3, which was lethal within 3 months after tumorsphere implantation. MN3 xenografts exhibited the pathological hallmarks of malignant meningioma such as high Ki67 and vimentin expression. Both the patient tumor and xenografts were negative for neurofibromin 2 (merlin) and had the identical NF2 mutation. Oncolytic HSV G47Δ efficiently spread and killed MN3 cells, as well as other patient-derived HGM lines in vitro. Treatment with G47Δ significantly extended the survival of mice bearing subdural MN3 tumors. CONCLUSIONS We established a new patient-derived meningioma model that will enable the study of targeted therapeutic approaches for HGM. Based on these studies, it is reasonable to consider a clinical trial of G47Δ for HGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Nigim
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shin-Ichi Esaki
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Hood
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Lelic
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne F James
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijaya Ramesh
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.N., S.-i.E., M.H., N.L., D.P.C., S.D.R., R.L.M., H.W.), Center for Human Genetic Research (M.F.J., V.R.), Department of Neuropathology (A.S.-R.), Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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162
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Hodges TR, Ferguson SD, Caruso HG, Kohanbash G, Zhou S, Cloughesy TF, Berger MS, Poste GH, Khasraw M, Ba S, Jiang T, Mikkelson T, Yung WKA, de Groot JF, Fine H, Cantley LC, Mellinghoff IK, Mitchell DA, Okada H, Heimberger AB. Prioritization schema for immunotherapy clinical trials in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1145332. [PMID: 27471611 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1145332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, heat shock proteins, peptide vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapeutics, to name a few, have transitioned from the bench to clinical trials. With upcoming strategies and developing therapeutics, it is challenging to critically evaluate the practical, clinical potential of individual approaches and to advise patients on the most promising clinical trials. METHODS The authors propose a system to prioritize such therapies in an organized and data-driven fashion. This schema is based on four categories of factors: antigenic target robustness, immune-activation and -effector responses, preclinical vetting, and early evidence of clinical response. Each of these categories is subdivided to focus on the most salient elements for developing a successful immunotherapeutic approach for GBM, and a numerical score is generated. RESULTS The Score Card reveals therapeutics that have the most robust data to support their use, provides a reference prioritization score, and can be applied in a reiterative fashion with emerging data. CONCLUSIONS The authors hope that this schema will give physicians an evidence-based and rational framework to make the best referral decisions to better guide and serve this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Hodges
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hillary G Caruso
- The Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, the University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Sujuan Ba
- The National Foundation for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA, Asian Fund for Cancer Research , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Tom Mikkelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Howard Fine
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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163
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Bagó JR, Alfonso-Pecchio A, Okolie O, Dumitru R, Rinkenbaugh A, Baldwin AS, Miller CR, Magness ST, Hingtgen SD. Therapeutically engineered induced neural stem cells are tumour-homing and inhibit progression of glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10593. [PMID: 26830441 PMCID: PMC4740908 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation (TD) is a recent advancement in somatic cell reprogramming. The direct conversion of TD eliminates the pluripotent intermediate state to create cells that are ideal for personalized cell therapy. Here we provide evidence that TD-derived induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) are an efficacious therapeutic strategy for brain cancer. We find that iNSCs genetically engineered with optical reporters and tumouricidal gene products retain the capacity to differentiate and induced apoptosis in co-cultured human glioblastoma cells. Time-lapse imaging shows that iNSCs are tumouritropic, homing rapidly to co-cultured glioblastoma cells and migrating extensively to distant tumour foci in the murine brain. Multimodality imaging reveals that iNSC delivery of the anticancer molecule TRAIL decreases the growth of established solid and diffuse patient-derived orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts 230- and 20-fold, respectively, while significantly prolonging the median mouse survival. These findings establish a strategy for creating autologous cell-based therapies to treat patients with aggressive forms of brain cancer. Neural stem cells have a tropism for glioblastoma. Here the authors employ fibroblasts directly reprogrammed into induced neural stem cells and loaded with cytotoxic molecules to migrate to xenotransplanted brain tumours in mice, achieving tumour shrinkage and prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli R Bagó
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Adolfo Alfonso-Pecchio
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Onyi Okolie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Raluca Dumitru
- Department of Genetics, UNC Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Amanda Rinkenbaugh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Neurology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Scott T Magness
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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164
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Esaki S, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL, Wakimoto H. Transient fasting enhances replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus in glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:300-311. [PMID: 27186404 PMCID: PMC4859661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term nutritional restriction (fasting) has been shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells and protecting normal cells in a variety of cancer models, including glioblastoma (GBM). Cancer cells, unlike normal cells, respond to fasting by promoting oncogenic signaling and protein synthesis. We hypothesized that fasting would increase the replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in GBM. Patient-derived GBM cell lines were fasted by growth in glucose and fetal calf serum restricted culture medium. "Transient fasting", 24-hour fasting followed by 24-hour recovery in complete medium, increased late virus gene expression and G47Δ yields about 2-fold in GBM cells, but not in human astrocytes, and enhanced G47Δ killing of GBM cells. Mechanistically, "transient fasting" suppressed phosphorylation of the subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in GBM cells, but not in astrocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK also increased G47Δ yield. In vivo, transient fasting (48-hour food restriction and 24-hour recovery) doubled luciferase activity after intratumoral G47Δ-US11fluc injection into orthotopic GBM xenografts. Thus, "transient fasting" increases G47Δ replication and oncolytic activity in human GBM cells. These results suggest that "transient fasting" may be effectively combined to enhance oncolytic HSV therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Esaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA
- Present Address: Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical SchoolNagoya, Japan
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA
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165
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Sosnovtceva A, Grinenko N, Lipatova A, Chumakov P, Chekhonin V. Oncolytic viruses for therapy of malignant glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:376-90. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166204376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of malignant brain tumors is still an open problem. Location of tumor in vital areas of the brain significantly limits capasities of surgical treatment. The presence of tumor stem cells resistant to radiation and anticancer drugs in brain tumor complicates use of chemoradiotherapy and causes a high rate of disease recurrence. A technological improvement in bioselection and production of recombinant resulted in creation of viruses with potent oncolytic properties against glial tumors. Recent studies, including clinical trials, showed, that majority of oncolytic viruses are safe. Despite the impressive results of the viral therapy in some patients, the treatment of other patients is not effective; therefore, further improvement of the methods of oncolytic virotherapy is necessary. High genetic heterogeneity of glial tumor cells even within a single tumor determines differences in individual sensitivity of tumor cells to oncolytic viruses. This review analyses the most successful oncolytic virus strains, including those which had reached clinical trials, and discusses the prospects for new approaches to virotherapy of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.O. Sosnovtceva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N.F. Grinenko
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Narcology and Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A.V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt institute of molecular biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - P.M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt institute of molecular biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - V.P. Chekhonin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Narcology and Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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166
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Tateishi K, Wakimoto H, Iafrate AJ, Tanaka S, Loebel F, Lelic N, Wiederschain D, Bedel O, Deng G, Zhang B, He T, Shi X, Gerszten RE, Zhang Y, Yeh JRJ, Curry WT, Zhao D, Sundaram S, Nigim F, Koerner MVA, Ho Q, Fisher DE, Roider EM, Kemeny LV, Samuels Y, Flaherty KT, Batchelor TT, Chi AS, Cahill DP. Extreme Vulnerability of IDH1 Mutant Cancers to NAD+ Depletion. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:773-784. [PMID: 26678339 PMCID: PMC4684594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutation of IDH1 in cancers modifies IDH1 enzymatic activity, reprogramming metabolite flux and markedly elevating 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Here, we found that 2-HG depletion did not inhibit growth of several IDH1 mutant solid cancer types. To identify other metabolic therapeutic targets, we systematically profiled metabolites in endogenous IDH1 mutant cancer cells after mutant IDH1 inhibition and discovered a profound vulnerability to depletion of the coenzyme NAD+. Mutant IDH1 lowered NAD+ levels by downregulating the NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (Naprt1), sensitizing to NAD+ depletion via concomitant nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition. NAD+ depletion activated the intracellular energy sensor AMPK, triggered autophagy, and resulted in cytotoxicity. Thus, we identify NAD+ depletion as a metabolic susceptibility of IDH1 mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Franziska Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nina Lelic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy He
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey J Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sudhandra Sundaram
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fares Nigim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mara V A Koerner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Quan Ho
- Department of Pathology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Roider
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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167
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Crommentuijn MHW, Maguire CA, Niers JM, Vandertop WP, Badr CE, Würdinger T, Tannous BA. Intracranial AAV-sTRAIL combined with lanatoside C prolongs survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of invasive glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:625-34. [PMID: 26708508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. We designed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for intracranial delivery of secreted, soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) to GBM tumors in mice and combined it with the TRAIL-sensitizing cardiac glycoside, lanatoside C (lan C). We applied this combined therapy to two different GBM models using human U87 glioma cells and primary patient-derived GBM neural spheres in culture and in orthotopic GBM xenograft models in mice. In U87 cells, conditioned medium from AAV2-sTRAIL expressing cells combined with lan C induced 80% cell death. Similarly, lan C sensitized primary GBM spheres to sTRAIL causing over 90% cell death. In mice bearing intracranial U87 tumors treated with AAVrh.8-sTRAIL, administration of lan C caused a decrease in tumor-associated Fluc signal, while tumor size increased within days of stopping the treatment. Another round of lan C treatment re-sensitized GBM tumor to sTRAIL-induced cell death. AAVrh.8-sTRAIL treatment alone and combined with lanatoside C resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth and longer survival of mice bearing orthotopic invasive GBM brain tumors. In summary, AAV-sTRAIL combined with lanatoside C induced cell death in U87 glioma cells and patient-derived GBM neural spheres in culture and in vivo leading to an increased in overall mice survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus H W Crommentuijn
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johanna M Niers
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian E Badr
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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168
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Kane JR, Miska J, Young JS, Kanojia D, Kim JW, Lesniak MS. Sui generis: gene therapy and delivery systems for the treatment of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17 Suppl 2:ii24-ii36. [PMID: 25746089 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy offers a multidimensional set of approaches intended to treat and cure glioblastoma (GBM), in combination with the existing standard-of-care treatment (surgery and chemoradiotherapy), by capitalizing on the ability to deliver genes directly to the site of neoplasia to yield antitumoral effects. Four types of gene therapy are currently being investigated for their potential use in treating GBM: (i) suicide gene therapy, which induces the localized generation of cytotoxic compounds; (ii) immunomodulatory gene therapy, which induces or augments an enhanced antitumoral immune response; (iii) tumor-suppressor gene therapy, which induces apoptosis in cancer cells; and (iv) oncolytic virotherapy, which causes the lysis of tumor cells. The delivery of genes to the tumor site is made possible by means of viral and nonviral vectors for direct delivery of therapeutic gene(s), tumor-tropic cell carriers expressing therapeutic gene(s), and "intelligent" carriers designed to increase delivery, specificity, and tumoral toxicity against GBM. These vehicles are used to carry genetic material to the site of pathology, with the expectation that they can provide specific tropism to the desired site while limiting interaction with noncancerous tissue. Encouraging preclinical results using gene therapies for GBM have led to a series of human clinical trials. Although there is limited evidence of a therapeutic benefit to date, a number of clinical trials have convincingly established that different types of gene therapies delivered by various methods appear to be safe. Due to the flexibility of specialized carriers and genetic material, the technology for generating new and more effective therapies already exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Kane
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason Miska
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob S Young
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julius W Kim
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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169
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Stuckey DW, Hingtgen SD, Karakas N, Rich BE, Shah K. Engineering toxin-resistant therapeutic stem cells to treat brain tumors. Stem Cells 2015; 33:589-600. [PMID: 25346520 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) potently blocks protein synthesis by catalyzing the inactivation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2). Targeted PE-cytotoxins have been used as antitumor agents, although their effective clinical translation in solid tumors has been confounded by off-target delivery, systemic toxicity, and short chemotherapeutic half-life. To overcome these limitations, we have created toxin-resistant stem cells by modifying endogenous EF-2, and engineered them to secrete PE-cytotoxins that target specifically expressed (interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2) or overexpressed (epidermal growth factor receptor) in glioblastomas (GBM). Molecular analysis correlated efficacy of PE-targeted cytotoxins with levels of cognate receptor expression, and optical imaging was applied to simultaneously track the kinetics of protein synthesis inhibition and GBM cell viability in vivo. The release of IL13-PE from biodegradable synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) encapsulated stem cells in a clinically relevant GBM resection model led to increased long-term survival of mice compared to IL13-PE protein infusion. Moreover, multiple patient-derived GBM lines responded to treatment, underscoring its clinical relevance. In sum, integrating stem cell-based engineering, multimodal imaging, and delivery of PE-cytotoxins in a clinically relevant GBM model represents a novel strategy and a potential advancement in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Stuckey
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory; Department of Radiology
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170
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Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in a New Orthotopic Model of Glioblastoma Recapitulating the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:710-22. [PMID: 26083570 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia and necrosis represent pathophysiologic and histologic hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM). Although hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays crucial roles in the malignant phenotypes of GBM, developing HIF-1α-targeted agents has been hampered by the lack of a suitable preclinical model that recapitulates the complex biology of clinical GBM. We present a new GBM model, MGG123, which was established from a recurrent human GBM. Orthotopic xenografting of stem-like MGG123 cells reproducibly generated lethal tumors that were characterized by foci of palisading necrosis, hypervascularity, and robust stem cell marker expression. Perinecrotic neoplastic cells distinctively express HIF-1α and are proliferative in both xenografts and the patient tissue. The xenografts contain scattered hypoxic foci that were consistently greater than 50 μm distant from blood vessels, indicating intratumoral heterogeneity of oxygenation. Hypoxia enhanced HIF-1α expression in cultured MGG123 cells, which was abrogated by the HIF-1α inhibitors digoxin or ouabain. In vivo, treatment of orthotopic MGG123 xenografts with digoxin decreased HIF-1α expression, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels, and CD34-positive vasculature within the tumors, and extended survival of mice bearing the aggressive MGG123 GBM. This preclinical tumor model faithfully recapitulates the GBM-relevant hypoxic microenvironment and stemness and is a suitable platform for studying disease biology and developing hypoxia-targeted agents.
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171
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Neural stem cell therapy for cancer. Methods 2015; 99:37-43. [PMID: 26314280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the brain remain one of the greatest medical challenges. Traditional surgery and chemo-radiation therapy are unable to eradicate diffuse cancer cells and tumor recurrence is nearly inevitable. In contrast to traditional regenerative medicine applications, engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) are emerging as a promising new therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. The tumor-homing properties allow NSCs to access both primary and invasive tumor foci, creating a novel delivery platform. NSCs engineered with a wide array of cytotoxic agents have been found to significantly reduce tumor volumes and markedly extend survival in preclinical models. With the recent launch of new clinical trials, the potential to successfully manage cancer in human patients with cytotoxic NSC therapy is moving closer to becoming a reality.
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172
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Peters C, Rabkin SD. Designing Herpes Viruses as Oncolytics. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30012-2. [PMID: 26462293 PMCID: PMC4599707 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) was one of the first genetically-engineered oncolytic viruses. Because herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a natural human pathogen that can cause serious disease, it is incumbent that it be genetically-engineered or significantly attenuated for safety. Here we present a detailed explanation of the functions of HSV-1 genes frequently mutated to endow oncolytic activity. These genes are non-essential for growth in tissue culture cells but are important for growth in post-mitotic cells, interfering with intrinsic antiviral and innate immune responses or causing pathology, functions dispensable for replication in cancer cells. Understanding the function of these genes leads to informed creation of new oHSVs with better therapeutic efficacy. Virus infection and replication can also be directed to cancer cells through tumor-selective receptor binding and transcriptional- or post-transcriptional miRNA-targeting, respectively. In addition to the direct effects of oHSV on infected cancer cells and tumors, oHSV can be 'armed' with transgenes that are: reporters, to track virus replication and spread; cytotoxic, to kill uninfected tumor cells; immune modulatory, to stimulate anti-tumor immunity; or tumor microenvironment altering, to enhance virus spread or to inhibit tumor growth. In addition to HSV-1, other alphaherpesviruses are also discussed for their oncolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Peters
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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173
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Kanai R, Rabkin SD. Combinatorial strategies for oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy of brain tumors. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:129-42. [PMID: 23687568 DOI: 10.2217/cns.12.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, such as the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), are an exciting new therapeutic strategy for cancer as they are replication competent in tumor cells but not normal cells. In order to engender herpes simplex virus with oncolytic activity and make it safe for clinical application, mutations are engineered into the virus. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Despite many advances in therapy, overall survival has not been substantially improved over the last several decades. A number of different oHSVs have been tested as monotherapy in early-phase clinical trials for GBM and have demonstrated safety and anecdotal evidence of efficacy. However, strategies to improve efficacy are likely to be necessary to successfully treat GBM. Cancer treatment usually involves multimodal approaches, so the standard of care for GBM includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In preclinical GBM models, combinations of oHSV with other types of therapy have exhibited markedly improved activity over individual treatments alone. In this review, we will discuss the various combination strategies that have been employed with oHSV, including chemotherapy, small-molecule inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, radiotherapy and expression of therapeutic transgenes. Effective combinations, especially synergistic ones, are clinically important not just for improved efficacy but also to permit lower and less-toxic doses and potentially overcome resistance.
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174
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Choi SH, Tamura K, Khajuria RK, Bhere D, Nesterenko I, Lawler J, Shah K. Antiangiogenic variant of TSP-1 targets tumor cells in glioblastomas. Mol Ther 2015; 23:235-43. [PMID: 25358253 PMCID: PMC4445617 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three type-1 repeat (3TSR) domain of thrombospondin-1 is known to have anti-angiogenic effects by targeting tumor-associated endothelial cells, but its effect on tumor cells is unknown. This study explored the potential of 3TSR to target glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that 3TSR upregulates death receptor (DR) 4/5 expression in a CD36-dependent manner and primes resistant GBMs to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced caspase-8/3/7 mediated apoptosis. We engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for on-site delivery of 3TSR and a potent and secretable variant of TRAIL (S-TRAIL) in an effort to simultaneously target tumor cells and associated endothelial cells and circumvent issues of systemic delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. We show that MSC-3TSR/S-TRAIL inhibits tumor growth in an expanded spectrum of GBMs. In vivo, a single administration of MSC-3TSR/S-TRAIL significantly targets both tumor cells and vascular component of GBMs, inhibits tumor progression, and extends survival of mice bearing highly vascularized GBM. The ability of 3TSR/S-TRAIL to simultaneously act on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells offers a great potential to target a broad spectrum of cancers and translate 3TSR/TRAIL therapies into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hugh Choi
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar Khajuria
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irina Nesterenko
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack Lawler
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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175
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Flynn RL, Cox KE, Jeitany M, Wakimoto H, Bryll AR, Ganem NJ, Bersani F, Pineda JR, Suvà ML, Benes CH, Haber DA, Boussin FD, Zou L. Alternative lengthening of telomeres renders cancer cells hypersensitive to ATR inhibitors. Science 2015; 347:273-7. [PMID: 25593184 PMCID: PMC4358324 DOI: 10.1126/science.1257216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway to overcome replicative mortality. ALT is mediated by recombination and is prevalent in a subset of human cancers, yet whether it can be exploited therapeutically remains unknown. Loss of the chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX associates with ALT in cancers. Here, we show that ATRX loss compromises cell-cycle regulation of the telomeric noncoding RNA TERRA and leads to persistent association of replication protein A (RPA) with telomeres after DNA replication, creating a recombinogenic nucleoprotein structure. Inhibition of the protein kinase ATR, a critical regulator of recombination recruited by RPA, disrupts ALT and triggers chromosome fragmentation and apoptosis in ALT cells. The cell death induced by ATR inhibitors is highly selective for cancer cells that rely on ALT, suggesting that such inhibitors may be useful for treatment of ALT-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Litman Flynn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Departments of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, and Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kelli E Cox
- Departments of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, and Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maya Jeitany
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Deparment of Surgery and Brain Tumor Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alysia R Bryll
- Departments of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, and Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Departments of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, and Medicine, Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jose R Pineda
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Francois D Boussin
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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176
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Saha D, Ahmed SS, Rabkin SD. EXPLORING THE ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF VIRUS IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA. DRUG FUTURE 2015; 40:739-749. [PMID: 26855472 DOI: 10.1358/dof.2015.040.11.2383070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor with no effective treatments. Current conventional therapies (surgical resection, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and bevacizumab administration) typically fail to eradicate the tumors resulting in the recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are excellent candidates as a more effective therapeutic strategy for aggressive cancers like malignant gliomas since OVs have a natural preference or have been genetically engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs have been used in numerous preclinical studies in malignant glioma, and a large number of clinical trials using OVs have been completed or are underway that have demonstrated safety, as well as provided indications of effective antiglioma activity. In this review, we will focus on those OVs that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant gliomas (herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, reovirus, poliovirus, Newcastle disease virus, measles virus, and retrovirus) and OVs examined preclinically (vesicular stomatitis virus and myxoma virus), and describe how these agents are being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipongkor Saha
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Seemin S Ahmed
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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177
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Redjal N, Zhu Y, Shah K. Combination of systemic chemotherapy with local stem cell delivered S-TRAIL in resected brain tumors. Stem Cells 2015; 33:101-10. [PMID: 25186100 PMCID: PMC4270944 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in standard therapies, the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients has not improved. Limitations to successful translation of new therapies include poor delivery of systemic therapies and use of simplified preclinical models which fail to reflect the clinical complexity of GBMs. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis specifically in tumor cells and we have tested its efficacy by on-site delivery via engineered stem cells (SC) in mouse models of GBM that mimic the clinical scenario of tumor aggressiveness and resection. However, about half of tumor lines are resistant to TRAIL and overcoming TRAIL-resistance in GBM by combining therapeutic agents that are currently in clinical trials with SC-TRAIL and understanding the molecular dynamics of these combination therapies are critical to the broad use of TRAIL as a therapeutic agent in clinics. In this study, we screened clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents for their ability to sensitize resistant GBM cell lines to TRAIL induced apoptosis. We show that low dose cisplatin increases surface receptor expression of death receptor 4/5 post G2 cycle arrest and sensitizes GBM cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. In vivo, using an intracranial resection model of resistant primary human-derived GBM and real-time optical imaging, we show that a low dose of cisplatin in combination with synthetic extracellular matrix encapsulated SC-TRAIL significantly decreases tumor regrowth and increases survival in mice bearing GBM. This study has the potential to help expedite effective translation of local stem cell-based delivery of TRAIL into the clinical setting to target a broad spectrum of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Redjal
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yanni Zhu
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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178
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Zemp FJ, McKenzie BA, Lun X, Reilly KM, McFadden G, Yong VW, Forsyth PA. Cellular factors promoting resistance to effective treatment of glioma with oncolytic myxoma virus. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7260-73. [PMID: 25336188 PMCID: PMC4281961 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is being evaluated in clinical trials for human glioma. While it is widely assumed that the immune response of the patient to the virus infection limits the utility of the therapy, investigations into the specific cell type(s) involved in this response have been performed using nonspecific pharmacologic inhibitors or allogeneic models with compromised immunity. To identify the immune cells that participate in clearing an oncolytic infection in glioma, we used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to immunophenotype an orthotopic glioma model in immunocompetent mice after Myxoma virus (MYXV) administration. These studies revealed a large resident microglia and macrophage population in untreated tumors, and robust monocyte, T-, and NK cell infiltration 3 days after MYXV infection. To determine the role on the clinical utility of MYXV therapy for glioma, we used a combination of knockout mouse strains and specific immunocyte ablation techniques. Collectively, our experiments identify an important role for tumor-resident myeloid cells and overlapping roles for recruited NK and T cells in the clearance and efficacy of oncolytic MYXV from gliomas. Using a cyclophosphamide regimen to achieve lymphoablation prior and during MYXV treatment, we prevented treatment-induced peripheral immunocyte recruitment and, surprisingly, largely ablated the tumor-resident macrophage population. Virotherapy of cyclophosphamide-treated animals resulted in sustained viral infection within the glioma as well as a substantial survival advantage. This study demonstrates that resistance to MYXV virotherapy in syngeneic glioma models involves a multifaceted cellular immune response that can be overcome with cyclophosphamide-mediated lymphoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Zemp
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brienne A McKenzie
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Clark H. Smith Brain Tumor Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and University of Southern Florida, Tampa, Florida.
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179
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Chang TC, Mikheev AM, Huynh W, Monnat RJ, Rostomily RC, Folch A. Parallel microfluidic chemosensitivity testing on individual slice cultures. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4540-51. [PMID: 25275698 PMCID: PMC4217250 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical unmet need to tailor chemotherapies to individual patients. Personalized approaches could lower treatment toxicity, improve the patient's quality of life, and ultimately reduce mortality. However, existing models of drug activity (based on tumor cells in culture or animal models) cannot accurately predict how drugs act in patients in time to inform the best possible treatment. Here we demonstrate a microfluidic device that integrates live slice cultures with an intuitive multiwell platform that allows for exposing the slices to multiple compounds at once or in sequence. We demonstrate the response of live mouse brain slices to a range of drug doses in parallel. Drug response is measured by imaging of markers for cell apoptosis and for cell death. The platform has the potential to allow for identifying the subset of therapies of greatest potential value to individual patients, on a timescale rapid enough to guide therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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180
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martinez-Quintanilla
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (JMQ, KS), Department of Radiology (JMQ, KS), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (JMQ, KS), Department of Radiology (JMQ, KS), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS).
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181
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Martinez-Quintanilla J, He D, Wakimoto H, Alemany R, Shah K. Encapsulated stem cells loaded with hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic virus for brain tumor therapy. Mol Ther 2014; 23:108-18. [PMID: 25352242 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the proven safety of oncolytic viruses (OV) in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM), their efficacy has been hindered by suboptimal spreading within the tumor. We show that hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA), an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM), is highly expressed in a majority of tumor xenografts established from patient-derived GBM lines that present both invasive and nodular phenotypes. Intratumoral injection of a conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing soluble hyaluronidase (ICOVIR17) into nodular GBM, mediated HA degradation and enhanced viral spread, resulting in a significant antitumor effect and mice survival. In an effort to translate OV-based therapeutics into clinical settings, we encapsulated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded with ICOVIR17 in biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) and tested their efficacy in a clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection. Compared with direct injection of ICOVIR17, sECM-MSC loaded with ICOVIR17 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor regrowth and increased mice survival. This is the first report of its kind revealing the expression of HA in GBM and the role of OV-mediated HA targeting in clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection and thus has clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martinez-Quintanilla
- 1] Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek He
- 1] Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- 1] Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Laboratori de Recerca Traslacional IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Khalid Shah
- 1] Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Lu L, Saha D, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD, Wakimoto H. Single agent efficacy of the VEGFR kinase inhibitor axitinib in preclinical models of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:91-100. [PMID: 25213669 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for the highly vascular and malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), although current clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an extension in overall survival. The small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, potently inhibits angiogenesis and has single-agent clinical activity in non-small cell lung, thyroid, and advanced renal cell cancer. Here we show that axitinib exerts direct cytotoxic activity against a number of patient-derived GBM stem cell (GSCs) and an endothelial cell line, and inhibits endothelial tube formation in vitro. Axitinib treatment of mice bearing hypervascular intracranial tumors generated from human U87 glioma cells, MGG4 GSCs and mouse 005 GSCs significantly extended survival that was associated with decreases in tumor-associated vascularity. We thus show for the first time the anti-angiogenic effect and survival prolongation provided by systemic single agent treatment with axitinib in preclinical orthotopic GBM models including clinically relevant GSC models. These results support further investigation of axitinib as an anti-angiogenic agent for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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183
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Mikheev AM, Mikheeva SA, Trister AD, Tokita MJ, Emerson SN, Parada CA, Born DE, Carnemolla B, Frankel S, Kim DH, Oxford RG, Kosai Y, Tozer-Fink KR, Manning TC, Silber JR, Rostomily RC. Periostin is a novel therapeutic target that predicts and regulates glioma malignancy. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:372-82. [PMID: 25140038 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin is a secreted matricellular protein critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and carcinoma metastasis. In glioblastoma, it is highly upregulated compared with normal brain, and existing reports indicate potential prognostic and functional importance in glioma. However, the clinical implications of periostin expression and function related to its therapeutic potential have not been fully explored. METHODS Periostin expression levels and patterns were examined in human glioma cells and tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry and correlated with glioma grade, type, recurrence, and survival. Functional assays determined the impact of altering periostin expression and function on cell invasion, migration, adhesion, and glioma stem cell activity and tumorigenicity. The prognostic and functional relevance of periostin and its associated genes were analyzed using the TCGA and REMBRANDT databases and paired recurrent glioma samples. RESULTS Periostin expression levels correlated directly with tumor grade and recurrence, and inversely with survival, in all grades of adult human glioma. Stromal deposition of periostin was detected only in grade IV gliomas. Secreted periostin promoted glioma cell invasion and adhesion, and periostin knockdown markedly impaired survival of xenografted glioma stem cells. Interactions with αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins promoted adhesion and migration, and periostin abrogated cytotoxicity of the αvβ3/β5 specific inhibitor cilengitide. Periostin-associated gene signatures, predominated by matrix and secreted proteins, corresponded to patient prognosis and functional motifs related to increased malignancy. CONCLUSION Periostin is a robust marker of glioma malignancy and potential tumor recurrence. Abrogation of glioma stem cell tumorigenicity after periostin inhibition provides support for exploring the therapeutic impact of targeting periostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M Mikheev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Svetlana A Mikheeva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Andrew D Trister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Mari J Tokita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Samuel N Emerson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Carolina A Parada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Barbara Carnemolla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Sam Frankel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Rob G Oxford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Yoshito Kosai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Kathleen R Tozer-Fink
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Thomas C Manning
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - John R Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
| | - Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M, S.N.E., C.A.P., R.G.O., J.R.S., R.C.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.J.T); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (S.F., D.-H.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (K.R.T.-F.); Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M., S.A.M., S.F., D.-H.K., R.C.R.); Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington (A.D.T.); Neuropathology Service, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (D.E.B.); Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy (B.C.); Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.K.); Neuroscience Associates, Boise, Idaho (T.C.M.)
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184
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Sullivan JP, Nahed BV, Madden MW, Oliveira SM, Springer S, Bhere D, Chi AS, Wakimoto H, Rothenberg SM, Sequist LV, Kapur R, Shah K, Iafrate AJ, Curry WT, Loeffler JS, Batchelor TT, Louis DN, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Brain tumor cells in circulation are enriched for mesenchymal gene expression. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1299-309. [PMID: 25139148 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer characterized by local invasion and angiogenic recruitment, yet metastatic dissemination is extremely rare. Here, we adapted a microfluidic device to deplete hematopoietic cells from blood specimens of patients with GBM, uncovering evidence of circulating brain tumor cells (CTC). Staining and scoring criteria for GBM CTCs were first established using orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and then applied clinically: CTCs were identified in at least one blood specimen from 13 of 33 patients (39%; 26 of 87 samples). Single GBM CTCs isolated from both patients and mouse PDX models demonstrated enrichment for mesenchymal over neural differentiation markers compared with primary GBMs. Within primary GBMs, RNA in situ hybridization identified a subpopulation of highly migratory mesenchymal tumor cells, and in a rare patient with disseminated GBM, systemic lesions were exclusively mesenchymal. Thus, a mesenchymal subset of GBM cells invades the vasculature and may proliferate outside the brain. SIGNIFICANCE GBMs are locally invasive within the brain but rarely metastasize to distant organs, exemplifying the debate over "seed" versus "soil." We demonstrate that GBMs shed CTCs with invasive mesenchymal characteristics into the circulation. Rare metastatic GBM lesions are primarily mesenchymal and show additional mutations absent in the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marissa W Madden
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Simeon Springer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Michael Rothenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khalid Shah
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay S Loeffler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David N Louis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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185
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GFP Stable Transfection Facilitated the Characterization of Lung Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:1079-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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186
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Balvers RK, Belcaid Z, van den Hengel SK, Kloezeman J, de Vrij J, Wakimoto H, Hoeben RC, Debets R, Leenstra S, Dirven C, Lamfers MLM. Locally-delivered T-cell-derived cellular vehicles efficiently track and deliver adenovirus delta24-RGD to infiltrating glioma. Viruses 2014; 6:3080-96. [PMID: 25118638 PMCID: PMC4147687 DOI: 10.3390/v6083080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral vectors are a promising alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recent publications have demonstrated the advantages of shielding viral particles within cellular vehicles (CVs), which can be targeted towards the tumor microenvironment. Here, we studied T-cells, often having a natural capacity to target tumors, for their feasibility as a CV to deliver the oncolytic adenovirus, Delta24-RGD, to glioblastoma. The Jurkat T-cell line was assessed in co-culture with the glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) line, MGG8, for the optimal transfer conditions of Delta24-RGD in vitro. The effect of intraparenchymal and tail vein injections on intratumoral virus distribution and overall survival was addressed in an orthotopic glioma stem cell (GSC)-based xenograft model. Jurkat T-cells were demonstrated to facilitate the amplification and transfer of Delta24-RGD onto GSCs. Delta24-RGD dosing and incubation time were found to influence the migratory ability of T-cells towards GSCs. Injection of Delta24-RGD-loaded T-cells into the brains of GSC-bearing mice led to migration towards the tumor and dispersion of the virus within the tumor core and infiltrative zones. This occurred after injection into the ipsilateral hemisphere, as well as into the non-tumor-bearing hemisphere. We found that T-cell-mediated delivery of Delta24-RGD led to the inhibition of tumor growth compared to non-treated controls, resulting in prolonged survival (p = 0.007). Systemic administration of virus-loaded T-cells resulted in intratumoral viral delivery, albeit at low levels. Based on these findings, we conclude that T-cell-based CVs are a feasible approach to local Delta24-RGD delivery in glioblastoma, although efficient systemic targeting requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger K Balvers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne K van den Hengel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenneke Kloezeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Ee2236, 3015GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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187
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Antoszczyk S, Spyra M, Mautner VF, Kurtz A, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. Treatment of orthotopic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1057-66. [PMID: 24470552 PMCID: PMC4096170 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are an aggressive and often lethal sarcoma that frequently develops in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We developed new preclinical MPNST models and tested the efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), a promising cancer therapeutic that selectively replicates in and kills cancer cells. METHODS Mouse NF1(-) MPNST cell lines and human NF1(-) MPNST stemlike cells (MSLCs) were implanted into the sciatic nerves of immunocompetent and athymic mice, respectively. Tumor growth was followed by external measurement and sciatic nerve deficit using a hind-limb scoring system. Oncolytic HSV G47Δ as well as "armed" G47Δ expressing platelet factor 4 (PF4) or interleukin (IL)-12 were injected intratumorally into established sciatic nerve tumors. RESULTS Mouse MPNST cell lines formed tumors with varying growth kinetics. A single intratumoral injection of G47Δ in sciatic nerve tumors derived from human S462 MSLCs in athymic mice or mouse M2 (37-3-18-4) cells in immunocompetent mice significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival. Local IL-12 expression significantly improved the efficacy of G47Δ in syngeneic mice, while PF4 expression prolonged survival. Injection of G47Δ directly into the sciatic nerve of athymic mice resulted in only mild symptoms that did not differ from phosphate buffered saline control. CONCLUSIONS Two new orthotopic MPNST models are described, including in syngeneic mice, expanding the options for preclinical testing. Oncolytic HSV G47Δ exhibited robust efficacy in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent MPNST models while maintaining safety. Interleukin-12 expression improved efficacy. These studies support the clinical translation of G47Δ for patients with MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Antoszczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Melanie Spyra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Victor Felix Mautner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Anat O Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.A., R.L.M., S.D.R.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.O.S.R.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.S., V.F.M.); Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany (A.K.); College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (A.K.)
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188
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Teng J, Hejazi S, Badr CE, Tannous BA. Systemic anticancer neural stem cells in combination with a cardiac glycoside for glioblastoma therapy. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2021-32. [PMID: 24801379 PMCID: PMC4454401 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-tropic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) have been shown to serve as a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors. Recently, we have reported that the cardiac glycoside lanatoside C (Lan C) sensitizes glioma cells to the anticancer agent tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Here, we engineered an FDA-approved human NSC line to synthesize and secrete TRAIL and the Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) blood reporter. We showed that upon systemic injection, these cells selectively migrate toward tumors in the mice brain across the blood-brain barrier, target invasive glioma stem-like cells, and induce tumor regression when combined with Lan C. Gluc blood assay revealed that 30% of NSCs survived 1 day postsystemic injection and around 0.5% of these cells remained viable after 5 weeks in glioma-bearing mice. This study demonstrates the potential of systemic injection of NSCs to deliver anticancer agents, such as TRAIL, which yields glioma regression when combined with Lan C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seyedali Hejazi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian E. Badr
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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189
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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190
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada
- />Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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191
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Ning J, Wakimoto H. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-based strategies: toward a breakthrough in glioblastoma therapy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:303. [PMID: 24999342 PMCID: PMC4064532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a class of antitumor agents that selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has been investigated in clinical trials for patients with the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma for more than a decade. These clinical studies have shown the safety of oHSV administration to the human brain, however, therapeutic efficacy of oHSV as a single treatment remains unsatisfactory. Factors that could hamper the anti-glioblastoma efficacy of oHSV include: attenuated potency of oHSV due to deletion or mutation of viral genes involved in virulence, restricting viral replication and spread within the tumor; suboptimal oHSV delivery associated with intratumoral injection; virus infection-induced inflammatory and cellular immune responses which could inhibit oHSV replication and promote its clearance; lack of effective incorporation of oHSV into standard-of-care, and poor knowledge about the ability of oHSV to target glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In an attempt to address these issues, recent research efforts have been directed at: (1) design of new engineered viruses to enhance potency, (2) better understanding of the role of the cellular immunity elicited by oHSV infection of tumors, (3) combinatorial strategies with different antitumor agents with a mechanistic rationale, (4) “armed” viruses expressing therapeutic transgenes, (5) use of GSC-derived models in oHSV evaluation, and (6) combinations of these. In this review, we will describe the current status of oHSV clinical trials for glioblastoma, and discuss recent research advances and future directions toward successful oHSV-based therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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192
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Bai Y, Lathia JD, Zhang P, Flavahan W, Rich JN, Mattson MP. Molecular targeting of TRF2 suppresses the growth and tumorigenesis of glioblastoma stem cells. Glia 2014; 62:1687-98. [PMID: 24909307 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor and is essentially universally fatal within 2 years of diagnosis. Glioblastomas contain cellular hierarchies with self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that are often resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. GSCs express high amounts of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which may contribute to their resistance to standard therapies. Telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) stablizes telomeres and REST to maintain self-renewal of neural stem cells and tumor cells. Here we show viral vector-mediated delivery of shRNAs targeting TRF2 mRNA depletes TRF2 and REST from GSCs isolated from patient specimens. As a result, GSC proliferation is reduced and the level of proteins normally expressed by postmitotic neurons (L1CAM and β3-tubulin) is increased, suggesting that loss of TRF2 engages a cell differentiation program in the GSCs. Depletion of TRF2 also sensitizes GSCs to temozolomide, a DNA-alkylating agent currently used to treat glioblastoma. Targeting TRF2 significantly increased the survival of mice bearing GSC xenografts. These findings reveal a role for TRF2 in the maintenance of REST-associated proliferation and chemotherapy resistance of GSCs, suggesting that TRF2 is a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland
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193
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Wakimoto H, Tanaka S, Curry WT, Loebel F, Zhao D, Tateishi K, Chen J, Klofas LK, Lelic N, Kim JC, Dias-Santagata D, Ellisen LW, Borger DR, Fendt SM, Heiden MGV, Batchelor TT, Iafrate AJ, Cahill DP, Chi AS. Targetable signaling pathway mutations are associated with malignant phenotype in IDH-mutant gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2898-909. [PMID: 24714777 PMCID: PMC4070445 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations occur in low-grade and high-grade gliomas. We sought to identify the genetic basis of malignant phenotype heterogeneity in IDH-mutant gliomas. METHODS We prospectively implanted tumor specimens from 20 consecutive IDH1-mutant glioma resections into mouse brains and genotyped all resection specimens using a CLIA-certified molecular panel. Gliomas with cancer driver mutations were tested for sensitivity to targeted inhibitors in vitro. Associations between genomic alterations and outcomes were analyzed in patients. RESULTS By 10 months, 8 of 20 IDH1-mutant gliomas developed intracerebral xenografts. All xenografts maintained mutant IDH1 and high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate on serial transplantation. All xenograft-producing gliomas harbored "lineage-defining" mutations in CIC (oligodendroglioma) or TP53 (astrocytoma), and 6 of 8 additionally had activating mutations in PIK3CA or amplification of PDGFRA, MET, or N-MYC. Only IDH1 and CIC/TP53 mutations were detected in non-xenograft-forming gliomas (P = 0.0007). Targeted inhibition of the additional alterations decreased proliferation in vitro. Moreover, we detected alterations in known cancer driver genes in 13.4% of IDH-mutant glioma patients, including PIK3CA, KRAS, AKT, or PTEN mutation or PDGFRA, MET, or N-MYC amplification. IDH/CIC mutant tumors were associated with PIK3CA/KRAS mutations whereas IDH/TP53 tumors correlated with PDGFRA/MET amplification. Presence of driver alterations at progression was associated with shorter subsequent progression-free survival (median 9.0 vs. 36.1 months; P = 0.0011). CONCLUSION A subset of IDH-mutant gliomas with mutations in driver oncogenes has a more malignant phenotype in patients. Identification of these alterations may provide an opportunity for use of targeted therapies in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2898-909. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William T. Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Translational Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay K. Klofas
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Lelic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Translational Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Translational Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell R. Borger
- Translational Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tracy T. Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Translational Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P. Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S. Chi
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Duebgen M, Martinez-Quintanilla J, Tamura K, Hingtgen S, Redjal N, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Stem cells loaded with multimechanistic oncolytic herpes simplex virus variants for brain tumor therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju090. [PMID: 24838834 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current treatment regimen for malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is tumor resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the proven safety of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in clinical trials for GBMs, its efficacy is suboptimal mainly because of insufficient viral spread after tumor resection. METHODS Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were loaded with oHSV (MSC-oHSV), and their fate was explored by real-time imaging in vitro and in vivo. Using novel diagnostic and armed oHSV mutants and real-time multimodality imaging, the efficacy of MSC-oHSV and its proapoptotic variant, oHSV-TRAIL encapsulated in biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM), was tested in different mouse GBM models, which more accurately reflect the current clinical settings of malignant, resistant, and resected tumors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS MSC-oHSVs effectively produce oHSV progeny, which results in killing of GBMs in vitro and in vivo mediated by a dynamic process of oHSV infection and tumor destruction. sECM-encapsulated MSC-oHSVs result in statistically significant increased anti-GBM efficacy compared with direct injection of purified oHSV in a preclinical model of GBM resection, resulting in prolonged median survival in mice (P < .001 with Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxin test). To supersede resistant tumors, MSC loaded with oHSV-TRAIL effectively induce apoptosis-mediated killing and prolonged median survival in mice bearing oHSV- and TRAIL-resistant GBM in vitro (P < .001 with χ(2) contingency test). CONCLUSIONS Human MSC loaded with different oHSV variants provide a platform to translate oncolytic virus therapies to clinics in a broad spectrum of GBMs after resection and could also have direct implications in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Duebgen
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Jordi Martinez-Quintanilla
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Navid Redjal
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS)
| | - Khalid Shah
- Affiliations of authors: Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory (MD, JM-Q, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Radiology (MD, JM-Q, KT, SH, NR, HW, KS), Department of Neurosurgery (NR, HW), and Department of Neurology (KS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (KS).
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195
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Liu JK, Lubelski D, Schonberg DL, Wu Q, Hale JS, Flavahan WA, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Man J, Hjelmeland AB, Yu J, Lathia JD, Rich JN. Phage display discovery of novel molecular targets in glioblastoma-initiating cells. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1325-39. [PMID: 24832468 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary intrinsic brain tumor and remains incurable despite maximal therapy. Glioblastomas display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing glioma-initiating cells (GICs) at the apex. To discover new GIC targets, we used in vivo delivery of phage display technology to screen for molecules selectively binding GICs that may be amenable for targeting. Phage display leverages large, diverse peptide libraries to identify interactions with molecules in their native conformation. We delivered a bacteriophage peptide library intravenously to a glioblastoma xenograft in vivo then derived GICs. Phage peptides bound to GICs were analyzed for their corresponding proteins and ranked based on prognostic value, identifying VAV3, a Rho guanine exchange factor involved tumor invasion, and CD97 (cluster of differentiation marker 97), an adhesion G-protein-coupled-receptor upstream of Rho, as potentially enriched in GICs. We confirmed that both VAV3 and CD97 were preferentially expressed by tumor cells expressing GIC markers. VAV3 expression correlated with increased activity of its downstream mediator, Rac1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), in GICs. Furthermore, targeting VAV3 by ribonucleic acid interference decreased GIC growth, migration, invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis. As CD97 is a cell surface protein, CD97 selection enriched for sphere formation, a surrogate of self-renewal. In silico analysis demonstrated VAV3 and CD97 are highly expressed in tumors and inform poor survival and tumor grade, and more common with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Finally, a VAV3 peptide sequence identified on phage display specifically internalized into GICs. These results show a novel screening method for identifying oncogenic pathways preferentially activated within the tumor hierarchy, offering a new strategy for developing glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Liu
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Lubelski
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D L Schonberg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Man
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A B Hjelmeland
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Yu
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J D Lathia
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J N Rich
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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196
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Enhanced antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing an endostatin-angiostatin fusion gene in human glioblastoma stem cell xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95872. [PMID: 24755877 PMCID: PMC3995956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have demonstrated strong potential for the therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In this study, the use of a herpes simplex virus carrying endostatin–angiostatin (VAE) as a novel therapeutic targeting strategy for glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells was investigated. We isolated six stable GSC-enriched cultures from 36 human glioblastoma specimens and selected one of the stable GSCs lines for establishing GSC-carrying orthotopic nude mouse models. The following results were obtained: (a) VAE rapidly proliferated in GSCs and expressed endo–angio in vitro and in vivo 48 h and 10 d after infection, respectively; (b) compared with the control gliomas treated with rHSV or Endostar, the subcutaneous gliomas derived from the GSCs showed a significant reduction in microvessel density after VAE treatment; (c) compared with the control, a significant improvement was observed in the length of the survival of mice with intracranial and subcutaneous gliomas treated with VAE; (d) MRI analysis showed that the tumor volumes of the intracranial gliomas generated by GSCs remarkably decreased after 10 d of VAE treatment compared with the controls. In conclusion, VAE demonstrated oncolytic therapeutic efficacy in animal models of human GSCs and expressed an endostatin–angiostatin fusion gene, which enhanced antitumor efficacy most likely by restricting tumor microvasculature development.
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197
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Du W, Uslar L, Sevala S, Shah K. Targeting c-Met receptor overcomes TRAIL-resistance in brain tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95490. [PMID: 24748276 PMCID: PMC3991662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis specifically in tumor cells. However, with approximately half of all known tumor lines being resistant to TRAIL, the identification of TRAIL sensitizers and their mechanism of action become critical to broadly use TRAIL as a therapeutic agent. In this study, we explored whether c-Met protein contributes to TRAIL sensitivity. We found a direct correlation between the c-Met expression level and TRAIL resistance. We show that the knock down c-Met protein, but not inhibition, sensitized brain tumor cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by interrupting the interaction between c-Met and TRAIL cognate death receptor (DR) 5. This interruption greatly induces the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and subsequent downstream apoptosis signaling. Using intracranially implanted brain tumor cells and stem cell (SC) lines engineered with different combinations of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, we show that SC expressing a potent and secretable TRAIL (S-TRAIL) have a significant anti-tumor effect in mice bearing c-Met knock down of TRAIL-resistant brain tumors. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates c-Met contributes to TRAIL sensitivity of brain tumor cells and has implications for developing effective therapies for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Du
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liubov Uslar
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sindhura Sevala
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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198
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Suvà ML, Rheinbay E, Gillespie SM, Patel AP, Wakimoto H, Rabkin SD, Riggi N, Chi AS, Cahill DP, Nahed BV, Curry WT, Martuza RL, Rivera MN, Rossetti N, Kasif S, Beik S, Kadri S, Tirosh I, Wortman I, Shalek AK, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Louis DN, Bernstein BE. Reconstructing and reprogramming the tumor-propagating potential of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cell 2014; 157:580-94. [PMID: 24726434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental fate decisions are dictated by master transcription factors (TFs) that interact with cis-regulatory elements to direct transcriptional programs. Certain malignant tumors may also depend on cellular hierarchies reminiscent of normal development but superimposed on underlying genetic aberrations. In glioblastoma (GBM), a subset of stem-like tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) appears to drive tumor progression and underlie therapeutic resistance yet remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a core set of neurodevelopmental TFs (POU3F2, SOX2, SALL2, and OLIG2) essential for GBM propagation. These TFs coordinately bind and activate TPC-specific regulatory elements and are sufficient to fully reprogram differentiated GBM cells to "induced" TPCs, recapitulating the epigenetic landscape and phenotype of native TPCs. We reconstruct a network model that highlights critical interactions and identifies candidate therapeutic targets for eliminating TPCs. Our study establishes the epigenetic basis of a developmental hierarchy in GBM, provides detailed insight into underlying gene regulatory programs, and suggests attendant therapeutic strategies. PAPERCLIP:
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario L Suvà
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Esther Rheinbay
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Divisions of Neuro-Oncology and Hematology/Oncology and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nikki Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Simon Kasif
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samantha Beik
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ivo Wortman
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - David N Louis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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199
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Zhu Y, Shah K. Multiple lesions in receptor tyrosine kinase pathway determine glioblastoma response to pan-ERBB inhibitor PF-00299804 and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-05212384. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:815-22. [PMID: 24658109 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel pan ERBB inhibitor PF-00299804 (dacomitinib) is currently in phase II clinical trials in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients; however its pre-clinical efficacy in GBMs has not been tested. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dacomitinib alone or in combination with PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-05212384 in GBM and assessed the mechanisms of resistance and the molecular determinants of response. A panel of established and patient derived primary GBM lines that present different molecular profiles and also the GBM lines engineered to express EGFRvIII mutant or PTEN were treated with either dacomitinib, PF-05212384, or combination and assessed for their viability and changes in EGFR/PI3K/mTOR signaling. We show that dacomitinib significantly reduced phosphorylated EGFR in all the GBM lines but did not show a dose-dependent response on cell viability in a majority of the lines tested. Multiple lesions in the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) pathway including PTEN mutation, co-activation of RTKs, and EGFRvIII mutation resulted in unaltered active status of PI3K/mTOR in the GBM lines even in the presence of EGFR inhibition. Blocking PI3K/mTOR dramatically inhibited cell proliferation in most GBM lines and enhanced dacomitinib induction of apoptosis in a GBM line that has both EGFR amplification and EGFR-independent PI3K activation. These data suggest molecular profiling of EGFR/PI3K/PTEN status to select GBM patients for EGFR or/and PI3K/mTOR targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhu
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Radiology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Radiology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Neurology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Harvard University; Cambridge, MA USA
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200
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Auffinger B, Tobias AL, Han Y, Lee G, Guo D, Dey M, Lesniak MS, Ahmed AU. Conversion of differentiated cancer cells into cancer stem-like cells in a glioblastoma model after primary chemotherapy. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1119-31. [PMID: 24608791 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme patients have a poor prognosis due to therapeutic resistance and tumor relapse. It has been suggested that gliomas are driven by a rare subset of tumor cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs). This hypothesis states that only a few GSCs are able to divide, differentiate, and initiate a new tumor. It has also been shown that this subpopulation is more resistant to conventional therapies than its differentiated counterpart. In order to understand glioma recurrence post therapy, we investigated the behavior of GSCs after primary chemotherapy. We first show that exposure of patient-derived as well as established glioma cell lines to therapeutic doses of temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used antiglioma chemotherapy, consistently increases the GSC pool over time both in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, lineage-tracing analysis of the expanded GSC pool suggests that such amplification is a result of a phenotypic shift in the non-GSC population to a GSC-like state in the presence of TMZ. The newly converted GSC population expresses markers associated with pluripotency and stemness, such as CD133, SOX2, Oct4, and Nestin. Furthermore, we show that intracranial implantation of the newly converted GSCs in nude mice results in a more efficient grafting and invasive phenotype. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that glioma cells exposed to chemotherapeutic agents are able to interconvert between non-GSCs and GSCs, thereby replenishing the original tumor population, leading to a more infiltrative phenotype and enhanced chemoresistance. This may represent a potential mechanism for therapeutic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Auffinger
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A L Tobias
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Lee
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Guo
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Dey
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M S Lesniak
- 1] The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A U Ahmed
- 1] The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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