151
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Liu XH, Zhang QY, Pan LL, Liu SY, Xu P, Luo XL, Zou SL, Xin H, Qu LF, Zhu YZ. NADPH oxidase 4 contributes to connective tissue growth factor expression through Smad3-dependent signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:174-84. [PMID: 26945889 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling has been implicated in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the process remain unclear. In present study, we demonstrated TGF-β1 strongly induced CTGF expression, Smad3 activation, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression and increased ROS production in primary rat VSMC in vitro. NADPH oxidases inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) eliminated TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression and ROS generation. In addition, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of Smad3 or Nox4 significantly suppressed TGF-β1-mediated CTGF expression in VSMC. Furthermore, Nox4 silencing or inhibition eliminated TGF-β1-induced Smad3 activation and interaction between Nox4 and Smad3. In vivo studies further identified a positive correlation of Nox4 levels with Smad3 activation and CTGF expression in atherosclerotic arteries of patients and animal models. These data established that a novel mechanistic link of Nox4-dependent activation of Smad3 to increased TGF-β1-induced CTGF in the process of vascular remodeling, which suggested a new potential pathway for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si-Li Zou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Le-Feng Qu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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152
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Qin YR, You SJ, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang XH, Wang F, Hu LF, Liu CF. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis in rats. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:654-65. [PMID: 26982248 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2016.1164311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ren Qin
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shou-Jiang You
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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153
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 1999, a number of studies have evaluated the role of Nox1 NADPH oxidase in the cardiovascular system. Nox1 is activated in vascular cells in response to several different agonists, with its activity regulated at the transcriptional level as well as by NADPH oxidase complex formation, protein stabilization and post-translational modification. Nox1 has been shown to decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide, transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor, induce pro-inflammatory signalling, and promote cell migration and proliferation. Enhanced expression and activity of Nox1 under pathologic conditions results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and dysregulated cellular function. Indeed, studies using genetic models of Nox1 deficiency or overexpression have revealed roles for Nox1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to hypertension, restenosis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These data suggest that Nox1 is a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease, and drug development efforts are ongoing to identify a specific bioavailable inhibitor of Nox1.
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154
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Nguyen A, Duquette N, Mamarbachi M, Thorin E. Epigenetic Regulatory Effect of Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Expression in the Skeletal Muscle of Severely Dyslipidemic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151526. [PMID: 27010651 PMCID: PMC4806847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective approach for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and loss of muscular mass and function. Its benefits are widely documented but incompletely characterized. It has been reported that exercise can induce changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes including Sod2, Trx1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 and limits the rise in oxidative stress commonly associated with CVD. These enzymes can be subjected to epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, in response to environmental cues. The aim of our study was to determine whether in the early stages of atherogenesis, in young severely dyslipidemic mice lacking LDL receptors and overexpressing human ApoB100 (LDLR-/-; hApoB+/+), exercise regulates differentially the expression of antioxidant enzymes by DNA methylation in the skeletal muscles that consume high levels of oxygen and thus generate high levels of reactive oxygen species. Expression of Sod2, Txr1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 was altered by 3 months of exercise and/or severe dyslipidemia in 6-mo dyslipidemic mice. Of these genes, only Gpx1 exhibited changes in DNA methylation associated with dyslipidemia and exercise: we observed both increased DNA methylation with dyslipidemia and a transient decrease in DNA methylation with exercise. These epigenetic alterations are found in the second exon of the Gpx1 gene and occur alongside with inverse changes in mRNA expression. Inhibition of expression by methylation of this specific locus was confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, Gpx1 expression in the mouse skeletal muscle can be altered by both exercise and dyslipidemia through changes in DNA methylation, leading to a fine regulation of free radical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natacha Duquette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Mamarbachi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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155
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The Dual Function of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Bioenergetics and Cell Death: The Role of ATP Synthase. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3869610. [PMID: 27034734 PMCID: PMC4806282 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3869610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) targeting mitochondria are major causative factors in disease pathogenesis. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a mega-channel modulated by calcium and ROS/RNS modifications and it has been described to play a crucial role in many pathophysiological events since prolonged channel opening causes cell death. The recent identification that dimers of ATP synthase form the PTP and the fact that posttranslational modifications caused by ROS/RNS also affect cellular bioenergetics through the modulation of ATP synthase catalysis reveal a dual function of these modifications in the cells. Here, we describe mitochondria as a major site of production and as a target of ROS/RNS and discuss the pathophysiological conditions in which oxidative and nitrosative modifications modulate the catalytic and pore-forming activities of ATP synthase.
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156
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Tong X, Khandelwal AR, Wu X, Xu Z, Yu W, Chen C, Zhao W, Yang J, Qin Z, Weisbrod RM, Seta F, Ago T, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Sadoshima J, Cohen RA, Zeng C. Pro-atherogenic role of smooth muscle Nox4-based NADPH oxidase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:30-40. [PMID: 26812119 PMCID: PMC5008453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nox4-based NADPH oxidase is a major reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme in the vasculature, but its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to investigate the role of smooth muscle Nox4 in atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis-prone conditions (disturbed blood flow and Western diet) increased Nox4 mRNA level in smooth muscle of arteries. To address whether upregulated smooth muscle Nox4 under atherosclerosis-prone conditions was directly involved in the development of atherosclerosis, mice carrying a human Nox4 P437H dominant negative mutation (Nox4DN), specifically in smooth muscle, were generated on a FVB/N ApoE deficient genetic background to counter the effect of increased smooth muscle Nox4. Nox4DN significantly decreased aortic stiffness and atherosclerotic lesions, with no effect on blood pressure. Gene analysis indicated that soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 (sEH) was significantly downregulated in Nox4DN smooth muscle cells (SMC), at both mRNA and protein levels. Downregulation of sEH by siRNA decreased SMC proliferation and migration, and suppressed inflammation and macrophage adhesion to SMC. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of smooth muscle Nox4 inhibits atherosclerosis by suppressing sEH, which, at least in part, accounts for inhibition of SMC proliferation, migration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Tong
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Alok R Khandelwal
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wanzhou Zhao
- The Nanjing Han & Zaenker Cancer Institute, OG Pharmaceuticals, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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157
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Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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158
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Rustenhoven J, Aalderink M, Scotter EL, Oldfield RL, Bergin PS, Mee EW, Graham ES, Faull RLM, Curtis MA, Park TIH, Dragunow M. TGF-beta1 regulates human brain pericyte inflammatory processes involved in neurovasculature function. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:37. [PMID: 26867675 PMCID: PMC4751726 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is strongly induced following brain injury and polarises microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Augmentation of TGFβ1 responses may therefore be beneficial in preventing inflammation in neurological disorders including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. However, several other cell types display immunogenic potential and identifying the effect of TGFβ1 on these cells is required to more fully understand its effects on brain inflammation. Pericytes are multifunctional cells which ensheath the brain vasculature and have garnered recent attention with respect to their immunomodulatory potential. Here, we sought to investigate the inflammatory phenotype adopted by TGFβ1-stimulated human brain pericytes. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to examine transcriptome-wide changes in TGFβ1-stimulated pericytes, and results were validated by qRT-PCR and cytometric bead arrays. Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and LDH/Alamar Blue® viability assays were utilised to examine phagocytic capacity of human brain pericytes, transcription factor modulation and pericyte health. Results TGFβ1 treatment of primary human brain pericytes induced the expression of several inflammatory-related genes (NOX4, COX2, IL6 and MMP2) and attenuated others (IL8, CX3CL1, MCP1 and VCAM1). A synergistic induction of IL-6 was seen with IL-1β/TGFβ1 treatment whilst TGFβ1 attenuated the IL-1β-induced expression of CX3CL1, MCP-1 and sVCAM-1. TGFβ1 was found to signal through SMAD2/3 transcription factors but did not modify nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) translocation. Furthermore, TGFβ1 attenuated the phagocytic ability of pericytes, possibly through downregulation of the scavenger receptors CD36, CD47 and CD68. Whilst TGFβ did decrease pericyte number, this was due to a reduction in proliferation, not apoptotic death or compromised cell viability. Conclusions TGFβ1 attenuated pericyte expression of key chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in CNS leukocyte trafficking and the modulation of microglial function, as well as reduced the phagocytic ability of pericytes. However, TGFβ1 also enhanced the expression of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes which can disrupt BBB functioning, suggesting that pericytes adopt a phenotype which is neither solely pro- nor anti-inflammatory. Whilst the effects of pericyte modulation by TGFβ1 in vivo are difficult to infer, the reduction in pericyte proliferation together with the elevated IL-6, MMP-2 and NOX4 and reduced phagocytosis suggests a detrimental action of TGFβ1 on neurovasculature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0503-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Miranda Aalderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter S Bergin
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Edward W Mee
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I-H Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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159
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Different influences of extracellular and intracellular superoxide on relaxation through the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway in isolated rat iliac arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 65:160-7. [PMID: 25329747 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide production is increased in diseased blood vessels, which is considered to lead to impairment of the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP pathway. To investigate the respective influence of extracellular and intracellular superoxide on vascular function through the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway, mechanical responses of rat external iliac arteries without endothelium were studied under exposure to a superoxide-generating agent, pyrogallol, or menadione. Exposure to pyrogallol impaired the relaxation induced by acidified NaNO2 (exogenous NO) but not that by nitroglycerin (organic nitrate), BAY 41-2272 (sGC stimulator), BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator), or 8-Br-cGMP (cGMP analog). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tempol restored the impaired relaxation by acidified NaNO2. Superoxide production in the bathing solution, but not in artery segments, was significantly increased by exposure to pyrogallol, which was abolished in the presence of SOD or tempol. However, exposure to menadione impaired the relaxant response to acidified NaNO2, nitroglycerin, or BAY 41-2272, whereas it augmented that to BAY 60-2770. Also, this exposure had no effect on the 8-Br-cGMP-induced vasorelxation. Superoxide production in artery segments was dramatically enhanced by exposure to menadione, whereas that in the bathing solution was not affected. This increase in vascular superoxide production was normalized by tempol but not by SOD. These findings suggest that extracellular superoxide reacts with NO only outside the cell, whereas intracellular superoxide not only scavenges NO inside the cell but also shifts the sGC redox equilibrium.
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160
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Calabriso N, Massaro M, Scoditti E, D’Amore S, Gnoni A, Pellegrino M, Storelli C, De Caterina R, Palasciano G, Carluccio MA. Extra virgin olive oil rich in polyphenols modulates VEGF-induced angiogenic responses by preventing NADPH oxidase activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 28:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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161
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Mapanga RF, Essop MF. Damaging effects of hyperglycemia on cardiovascular function: spotlight on glucose metabolic pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H153-73. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia is a growing global health problem. This review discusses the link between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases onset, focusing on the role of recently emerging downstream mediators, namely, oxidative stress and glucose metabolic pathway perturbations. The role of hyperglycemia-mediated activation of nonoxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs) [i.e., the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and protein kinase C] in this process is extensively reviewed. The proposal is made that there is a unique interplay between NOGPs and a downstream convergence of detrimental effects that especially affect cardiac endothelial cells, thereby contributing to contractile dysfunction. In this process the AGE pathway emerges as a crucial mediator of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects. In addition, a vicious metabolic cycle is established whereby hyperglycemia-induced NOGPs further fuel their own activation by generating even more oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating damaging effects on cardiac function. Thus NOGP inhibition, and particularly that of the AGE pathway, emerges as a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial infarction in the presence hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudo F. Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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162
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Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y, Ali F. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a review of initiators and protective factors. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:1-10. [PMID: 26750181 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term comprising of a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. These diseases are the largest cause of morbidity and premature death worldwide. Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (stroke) are the most frequently occurring diseases. The two major initiators involved in the development of atherosclerotic CVD are vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation. In atherosclerosis development, ROS is associated with rapid loss of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activities of the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO(·)) resulting in endothelial dysfunction. In part involving activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, ROS have been involved in signaling cascades leading to vascular pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression. ROS is also a potent activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which indicate plaque destabilization and rupture. The second initiator involved in atherosclerotic CVD is the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Oxidation of LDL in vessel wall leads to an inflammatory cascade that activates atherogenic pathway leading to foam cell formation. The accumulation of foam cells leads to fatty streak formation, which is the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion. In contrast, the cardiac sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and hepatic apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression can improve cardiovascular function. SERCA2a regulates the cardiac contractile function by lowering cytoplasmic calcium levels during relaxation, and affecting NO(·) action in vascular cells, while apoE is a critical ligand in the plasma clearance of triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Ismail Patimah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Yehia Abed
- Faculty of Public Health, Al Quds University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
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163
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Vendrov AE, Vendrov KC, Smith A, Yuan J, Sumida A, Robidoux J, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. NOX4 NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1389-409. [PMID: 26054376 PMCID: PMC4692134 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased oxidative stress and vascular inflammation are implicated in increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence with age. We and others demonstrated that NOX1/2 NADPH oxidase inhibition, by genetic deletion of p47phox, in Apoe(-/-) mice decreases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and atherosclerosis in young age. The present study examined whether NOX1/2 NADPH oxidases are also pivotal to aging-associated CVD. RESULTS Both aged (16 months) Apoe(-/-) and Apoe(-/-)/p47phox(-/-) mice had increased atherosclerotic lesion area, aortic stiffness, and systolic dysfunction compared with young (4 months) cohorts. Cellular and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels were significantly higher in aortic wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from aged wild-type and p47phox(-/-) mice. VSMCs from aged mice had increased mitochondrial protein oxidation and dysfunction and increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression, which was abrogated with (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) treatment. NOX4 expression was increased in the vasculature and mitochondria of aged mice and its suppression with shRNA in VSMCs from aged mice decreased mtROS levels and improved function. Increased mtROS levels were associated with enhanced mitochondrial NOX4 expression in aortic VSMCs from aged subjects, and NOX4 expression levels in arterial wall correlated with age and atherosclerotic severity. Aged Apoe(-/-) mice treated with MitoTEMPO and 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,6(2H,5H)-dione had decreased vascular ROS levels and atherosclerosis and preserved vascular and cardiac function. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data suggest that NOX4, but not NOX1/2, and mitochondrial oxidative stress are mediators of CVD in aging under hyperlipidemic conditions. Regulating NOX4 activity/expression and using mitochondrial antioxidants are potential approaches to reducing aging-associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1 Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kimberly C Vendrov
- 2 Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alberto Smith
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, Academic Department of Surgery, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust , King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinling Yuan
- 1 Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arihiro Sumida
- 1 Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacques Robidoux
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1 Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1 Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Xu H, Ma S, Tang FY, Chen Y, Zhou H, Chen M, Wang B, Liu X, Xie X. Association between NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox gene variants and acute myocardial infarction in a Han Chinese population. Herz 2015; 41:428-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The role of endothelial mechanosensitive genes in atherosclerosis and omics approaches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:111-31. [PMID: 26686737 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., and is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in regions of the arterial tree exposed to disturbed blood flow. The detailed mechanisms by which d-flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the expression of genes, epigenetic patterns, and metabolites of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. This review presents an overview of endothelial mechanobiology and its relation to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with special reference to the anatomy of the artery and the underlying fluid mechanics, followed by a discussion of a variety of experimental models to study the role of fluid mechanics and atherosclerosis. Various in vitro and in vivo models to study the role of flow in endothelial biology and pathobiology are discussed in this review. Furthermore, strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miR-nome, DNA methylome, and metabolome, as they are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis. These "omics" approaches, especially those which derive data based on a single animal model, provide unprecedented opportunities to not only better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic and integrative manner, but also to identify novel molecular and diagnostic targets.
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166
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Sun M, Ji J, Guo X, Liu W, Wang Y, Ma S, Hu W, Wang J, Jiang F. Early adventitial activation characterized by NADPH oxidase expression and neovascularization in an aortic transplantation model. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:67-73. [PMID: 26655438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that arterial adventitia may contribute to pathological vessel remodeling by producing reactive oxygen species and promoting neovascularization. However, these processes have not been studied yet in transplantation-induced vascular pathologies. We characterized the dynamic changes in NADPH oxidase expression and adventitial angiogenic response in a model of allograft aortic transplantation. The thoracic aorta from Fischer 344 rats were transplanted into the abdominal aorta of Lewis rats. Graft specimens were collected on days 0.5, 3, 7, and 14 for morphometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR tests. Following transplantation, adventitial thickening was found as early as day 3, while neointima was observed from day 7. As compared to normal adventitial tissue, the expression levels of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox in graft adventitia were elevated from day 3 and further increased up to day 14. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that infiltrating macrophages appeared to be a major source of NADPH oxidase expression. Increases in NADPH oxidase expression were also detected in fibroblasts isolated from the graft adventitia. Gene silencing of p47phox significantly suppressed proliferation and migration of the graft fibroblast cells. We also showed that adventitial thickening was accompanied by increased adventitial neovascularization; at day 14, there was a positive correlation between the density of adventitial microvessels and the neointimal thickness. Transplantation injury induces NADPH oxidase expression and neovascularization in the adventitia, raising the possibility that the activated adventitia may represent a target site for prevention of transplantation-induced transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Ji
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Siqin Ma
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Craige SM, Kant S, Reif M, Chen K, Pei Y, Angoff R, Sugamura K, Fitzgibbons T, Keaney JF. Endothelial NADPH oxidase 4 protects ApoE-/- mice from atherosclerotic lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1-7. [PMID: 26169727 PMCID: PMC4783146 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in atherosclerosis development and progression. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a constitutively active ROS-producing enzyme that is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium. Nox4 is unique in its biology and has been implicated in vascular repair, however, the role of Nox4 in atherosclerosis is unknown. Therefore, to determine the effect of endothelial Nox4 on development of atherosclerosis, Apoe E-/- mice +/- endothelial Nox4 (ApoE-/- + EC Nox4) were fed a high cholesterol/high fat (Western) diet for 24 weeks. Significantly fewer atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice as compared to the ApoE-/- littermates, which was most striking in the abdominal region of the aorta. In addition, markers of T cell populations were markedly different between the groups; T regulatory cell marker (FoxP3) was increased whereas T effector cell marker (T-bet) was decreased in aorta from ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice compared to ApoE-/- alone. We also observed decreased monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG; CXCL9), a cytokine known to recruit and activate T cells, in plasma and tissue from ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice. To further investigate the link between endothelial Nox4 and MIG expression, we utilized cultured endothelial cells from our EC Nox4 transgenic mice and human cells with adenoviral overexpression of Nox4. In these cultured cells, upregulation of Nox4 attenuated endothelial cell MIG expression in response to interferon-gamma. Together these data suggest that endothelial Nox4 expression reduces MIG production and promotes a T cell distribution that favors repair over inflammation, leading to protection from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Craige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michaella Reif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yongmei Pei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Angoff
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Sugamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Timothy Fitzgibbons
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Langbein H, Brunssen C, Hofmann A, Cimalla P, Brux M, Bornstein SR, Deussen A, Koch E, Morawietz H. NADPH oxidase 4 protects against development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:1753-61. [PMID: 26578199 PMCID: PMC4900759 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in the development of atherosclerosis. Increased formation of superoxide anions by NADPH oxidase Nox1, 2, and 5 reduces nitric oxide availability and can promote endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, recent evidence supports a vasoprotective role of H2O2 produced by main endothelial isoform Nox4. Therefore, we analysed the impact of genetic deletion of Nox4 on endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) knockout model. Methods and results Ex vivo analysis of endothelial function by Mulvany myograph showed impaired endothelial function in thoracic aorta of Nox4−/−/Ldlr−/− mice. Further progression of endothelial dysfunction due to high-fat diet increased atherosclerotic plaque burden and galectin-3 staining in Nox4−/−/Ldlr−/− mice compared with Ldlr−/− mice. Under physiological conditions, loss of Nox4 does not influence aortic vascular function. In this setting, loss of Nox4-derived H2O2 production could be partially compensated for by nNOS upregulation. Using an innovative optical coherence tomography approach, we were able to analyse endothelial function by flow-mediated vasodilation in the murine saphenous artery in vivo. This new approach revealed an altered flow-mediated dilation in Nox4−/− mice, indicating a role for Nox4 under physiological conditions in peripheral arteries in vivo. Conclusions Nox4 plays an important role in maintaining endothelial function under physiological and pathological conditions. Loss of Nox4-derived H2O2 could be partially compensated for by nNOS upregulation, but severe endothelial dysfunction is not reversible. This leads to increased atherosclerosis under atherosclerotic prone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Langbein
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Cimalla
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Huang SL, Chen PY, Wu MJ, Tai MH, Ho CT, Yen JH. Curcuminoids Modulate the PKCδ/NADPH Oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Pathway and Suppress Matrix Invasion during Monocyte-Macrophage Differentiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8838-8848. [PMID: 26414495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and invasion play critical roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The reduction in monocyte adhesion and infiltration is thought to exert antiatherosclerotic effects. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are the major active components of curcuminoids and exhibit several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and hypocholesterolemic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic effects and mechanisms of curcuminoids during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The results showed that curcumin, DMC, and BDMC (20 μM) suppressed matrix invasion from 100.0 ± 5.0% to 24.8 ± 1.4%, 26.6 ± 2.9%, and 33.7 ± 1.7%, respectively, during PMA-induced THP-1 differentiation. We found that curcuminoids significantly reduced PMA-induced CD11b and MMP-9 expression by THP-1 cells. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PMA (126.7 ± 2.1%) was markedly attenuated by curcumin, DMC, and BDMC to 99.5 ± 7.8%, 87.8 ± 8.2%, and 89.8 ± 7.6%, respectively, resulting in the down-regulation of CD11b and MMP-9 expression. We demonstrated that curcuminoids inhibited NADPH oxidase through the down-regulation of NOX2 expression and the reduction of p47phox membrane translocation. Moreover, we found involvement of PKCδ in the PMA-induced NOX2, CD11b, and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Curcumin, DMC, and BDMC decreased the active form of PKCδ protein stimulated by PMA in THP-1 cells. Overall, our results reveal that curcuminoids suppress matrix invasion through the inhibition of the PKCδ/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling pathway during monocyte-macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital , Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science , Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
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170
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Hsu SY, Liou JW, Cheng TL, Peng SY, Lin CC, Chu YY, Luo WC, Huang ZK, Jiang SJ. beta-Naphthoflavone protects from peritonitis by reducing TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell activation. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:192-9. [PMID: 26453957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Naphthoflavone (β-NF), a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, has been shown to possess anti-oxidative properties. We investigated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of β-NF in human microvascular endothelial cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Pretreatment with β-NF significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, translocation of p67(phox), and TNF-α-induced monocyte binding and transmigration. In addition, β-NF significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. The mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced by β-NF, as was the infiltration of white blood cells, in a peritonitis model. The inhibition of adhesion molecules was associated with suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and Akt, and suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. The translocation of Egr-1, a downstream transcription factor involved in the MEK-ERK signaling pathway, was suppressed by β-NF treatment. Our findings show that β-NF inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-kB and ERK1/2 activation and ROS generation, thereby suppressing the expression of adhesion molecules. This results in reduced adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes in vitro and prevents the infiltration of leukocytes in a peritonitis model. Our findings also suggest that β-NF might prevent TNF-α-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department ofOphthalmology,ChinaMedicalUniversity-AnNan Hospital,Tainan,Taiwan.; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chu
- Postgraduate program in Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Luo
- Master program in Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine Master Thesis, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Kai Huang
- Bachelor in Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Sobey CG, Judkins CP, Rivera J, Lewis CV, Diep H, Lee HW, Kemp-Harper BK, Broughton BRS, Selemidis S, Gaspari TA, Samuel CS, Drummond GR. NOX1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice is associated with elevated plasma lipids and enhanced atherosclerosis. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:186-98. [PMID: 25496431 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.992893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity in the vascular wall is elevated in hypercholesterolemia, and contributes to oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Here we examined the role of another NOX isoform, NOX1, in atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE(-/-)) mice fed a Western diet for 14 weeks. Although NOX1 mRNA expression was unchanged in aortas from APOE(-/-) versus wild-type mice, expression of the NOX1-specific organizer, NOXO1, was diminished, consistent with an overall reduction in NOX1 activity in APOE(-/-) mice. To examine the impact of a further reduction in NOX1 activity, APOE(-/-) mice were crossed with NOX1(-/y) mice to generate NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) double-knockouts. NOX1 deficiency in APOE(-/-) mice was associated with 30-50% higher plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). Vascular ROS levels were also elevated by twofold in NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) versus APOE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), despite no changes in expression of other NOX subunits. Although en face analysis of the descending aorta revealed no differences in plaque area between NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) and APOE(-/-) mice, intimal thickening in the aortic sinus was increased by 40% (P < 0.05) in the double-knockouts. Moreover, NOX1 deficiency was associated with a less stable plaque phenotype; aortic sinus lesions contained 60% less collagen (P < 0.01), 40% less smooth muscle (P < 0.01), and 2.5-fold higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001) than lesions in APOE(-/-) mice. Thus, these data, which suggest a protective role for NOX1 against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in APOE(-/-) mice, highlight the complex and contrasting roles of different NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX2 versus NOX1) in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
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Serizawa K, Yogo K, Tashiro Y, Aizawa K, Kawasaki R, Hirata M, Endo K. Epoetin beta pegol prevents endothelial dysfunction as evaluated by flow-mediated dilation in chronic kidney disease rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:10-6. [PMID: 26432688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a poor prognosis due to cardiovascular disease. Anemia and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors for cardiovascular events in CKD patients, and treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) has been reported to improve the quality of life in CKD patients. In this study, we evaluated the effect of anemia correcting dose of epoetin beta pegol (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator; C.E.R.A.) on endothelial function in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (Nx rats). C.E.R.A. was subcutaneously administered once a fortnight, 5 times in total, from 1 week after nephrectomy. Twenty-four hours after last administration, endothelial function was evaluated by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the femoral arteries of anesthetized Nx rats by ultrasound system. Femoral arteries were harvested for western blot analysis. C.E.R.A. significantly increased FMD of Nx rats. Endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by nitroglycerin injection was not influenced by C.E.R.A treatment. Nox4 expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation were significantly decreased, and phosphorylation of eNOS was significantly enhanced in the femoral arteries of C.E.R.A.-treated rats. C.E.R.A. normalized hemoglobin levels but did not affect body weight, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, urinary protein excretion and plasma creatinine. These results indicate that C.E.R.A. prevented endothelial dysfunction in Nx rats, possibly through reduction of local oxidative stress and enhancement of eNOS phosphorylation in the arteries. This study provides the first evidence that C.E.R.A. prevented endothelial dysfunction in CKD model rats under conditions of amelioration of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Serizawa
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kenji Yogo
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tashiro
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Ken Aizawa
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kawasaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Michinori Hirata
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Koichi Endo
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan.
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Touati S, Montezano ACI, Meziri F, Riva C, Touyz RM, Laurant P. Exercise training protects against atherosclerotic risk factors through vascular NADPH oxidase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase downregulation in obese rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:179-85. [PMID: 25399833 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training reverses atherosclerotic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic effects in aorta from rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat (HFD) or control (CD) diet for 12 weeks. The HFD rats were then divided into four groups: (i) sedentary HFD-fed rats (HFD-S); (ii) exercise trained (motor treadmill 5 days/week, 60 min/day, 12 weeks) HFD-fed rats (HFD-Ex); (iii) modified diet (HFD to CD) sedentary rats (HF/CD-S); and (iv) an exercise-trained modified diet group (HF/CD-Ex). Tissue levels of NADPH oxidase (activity and expression), NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1, Nox2, Nox4, p47(phox) , superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined in the aorta. Plasma cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6) levels were also measured. Obesity was accompanied by increases in NADPH oxidase activity, p47(phox) translocation, Nox4 and VCAM-1 protein expression, MAPK (ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK) phosphorylation and plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Exercise training and switching from the HFD to CD reversed almost all these molecular changes. In addition, training increased aortic SOD-1 protein expression and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that protective effects of exercise training on atherosclerotic risk factors induced by obesity are associated with downregulation of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK activity and increased SOD-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeur Touati
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology (LAPEC) EA4278, Avignon University, Avignon, France; Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Schürmann C, Rezende F, Kruse C, Yasar Y, Löwe O, Fork C, van de Sluis B, Bremer R, Weissmann N, Shah AM, Jo H, Brandes RP, Schröder K. The NADPH oxidase Nox4 has anti-atherosclerotic functions. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:3447-56. [PMID: 26385958 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is thought to be a risk for cardiovascular disease and NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important producers of reactive oxygen species. Within the Nox family, the NADPH oxidase Nox4 has a unique position as it is constitutively active and produces H2O2 rather than [Formula: see text] . Nox4 is therefore incapable of scavenging NO and its low constitutive H2O2 production might even be beneficial. We hypothesized that Nox4 acts as an endogenous anti-atherosclerotic enzyme. METHODS AND RESULTS Tamoxifen-induced Nox4-knockout mice were crossed with ApoE⁻/⁻ mice and spontaneous atherosclerosis under regular chow as well as accelerated atherosclerosis in response to partial carotid artery ligation under high-fat diet were determined. Deletion of Nox4 resulted in increased atherosclerosis formation in both models. Mechanistically, pro-atherosclerotic and pro-inflammatory changes in gene expression were observed prior to plaque development. Moreover, inhibition of Nox4 or deletion of the enzyme in the endothelium but not in macrophages resulted in increased adhesion of macrophages to the endothelial surface. CONCLUSIONS The H2O2-producing NADPH oxidase Nox4 is an endogenous anti-atherosclerotic enzyme. Nox4 inhibitors, currently under clinical evaluation, should be carefully monitored for cardiovascular side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schürmann
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flavia Rezende
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Kruse
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yakub Yasar
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Löwe
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Fork
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Bremer
- HBB Datenkommunikation & Abrechnungssysteme, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellencecluster Cardiopulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, UK
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
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175
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Zhao Y, Li X, Tang S. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between elevated plasma levels of TXNIP and carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and early Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:372-7. [PMID: 26026780 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in diabetic patients and increased oxidative stress probably plays an important role in its development. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an oxidative stress parameter and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of atherosclerosis in patients with early-state diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS The study was a retrospective analysis of 90 patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 80 patients with early Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 80 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) as the control group. It was conducted at the endocrine out-patient clinic and hospital department of Cangzhou Central Hospital (Cangzhou, China) from June 2012 to Oct. 2013. Plasma TXNIP was measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. CIMT was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), a risk indicator for endothelial dysfunction, was also measured. RESULTS Compared to the NGT control, patients with IGR showed significantly higher plasma levels of TXNIP (P<0.05). Compared to the IGR group, patients with T2DM also had significantly higher plasma levels of TXNIP (P<0.05). CIMT was significantly higher in the subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism than in the NGT group (P<0.05). CIMT showed positive correlations with both TXNIP and sVCAM-1 levels (r = 0.56 and r = 0.49, respectively, both P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that plasma levels of TXNIP may be a useful predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shiling Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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176
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Madrigal-Matute J, Fernandez-Laso V, Sastre C, Llamas-Granda P, Egido J, Martin-Ventura JL, Zalba G, Blanco-Colio LM. TWEAK/Fn14 interaction promotes oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase activation in macrophages. Cardiovasc Res 2015. [PMID: 26224570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The interaction between TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK, Tnfsf12) and the receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), regulates vascular damage through different mechanisms, including inflammation. Oxidative stress plays a major role in inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis, but the relationship between TWEAK and oxidative stress is, however, poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that TWEAK and Fn14 are co-localized with the NADPH subunits, p22phox and Nox2, in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Using primary human macrophages and a murine macrophage cell line, we demonstrate that TWEAK promotes ROS production and enhances NADPH oxidase activity. Hence, we show a direct involvement of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in oxidative stress, as genetic silencing of Fn14 or Nox2 abrogates the TWEAK-induced ROS production. Furthermore, our results point at Rac1 as an upstream mediator of TWEAK during oxidative stress. Finally, using an in vivo murine model we confirmed the major role of TWEAK in oxidative stress, as genetic silencing of Tnfsf12 in an ApoE(-/-) background reduces the number of DHE and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive macrophages by 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TWEAK regulates vascular damage by stimulating ROS production in an Nox2-dependent manner. These new insights into the TWEAK/Fn14 axis underline their potential use as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valvanera Fernandez-Laso
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sastre
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Llamas-Granda
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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177
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Santillo M, Colantuoni A, Mondola P, Guida B, Damiano S. NOX signaling in molecular cardiovascular mechanisms involved in the blood pressure homeostasis. Front Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26217233 PMCID: PMC4493385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure homeostasis is maintained by several mechanisms regulating cardiac output, vascular resistances, and blood volume. At cellular levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is involved in multiple molecular mechanisms controlling blood pressure. Among ROS producing systems, NADPH oxidases (NOXs), expressed in different cells of the cardiovascular system, are the most important enzymes clearly linked to the development of hypertension. NOXs exert a central role in cardiac mechanosensing, endothelium-dependent relaxation, and Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) redox signaling regulating vascular tone. The central role of NOXs in redox-dependent cardiovascular cell functions renders these enzymes a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The aim of the present review is to focus on the physiological role of the cardiovascular NOX-generating ROS in the molecular and cellular mechanisms affecting blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" Naples, Italy
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178
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Manea SA, Constantin A, Manda G, Sasson S, Manea A. Regulation of Nox enzymes expression in vascular pathophysiology: Focusing on transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Redox Biol 2015; 5:358-366. [PMID: 26133261 PMCID: PMC4501559 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) represent a family of hetero-oligomeric enzymes whose exclusive biological function is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nox-derived ROS are essential modulators of signal transduction pathways that control key physiological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, immune responses, and biochemical pathways. Enhanced formation of Nox-derived ROS, which is generally associated with the up-regulation of different Nox subtypes, has been established in various pathologies, namely cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The detrimental effects of Nox-derived ROS are related to alterations in cell signalling and/or direct irreversible oxidative damage of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Thus, understanding of transcriptional regulation mechanisms of Nox enzymes have been extensively investigated in an attempt to find ways to counteract the excessive formation of Nox-derived ROS in various pathological states. Despite the numerous existing data, the molecular pathways responsible for Nox up-regulation are not completely understood. This review article summarizes some of the recent advances and concepts related to the regulation of Nox expression in the vascular pathophysiology. It highlights the role of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms in this process. Identification of the signalling molecules involved in Nox up-regulation, which is associated with the onset and development of cardiovascular dysfunction may contribute to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nox is a unique class of enzymes whose sole function is the generation of ROS. Nox-derived ROS play a major role in cell physiology. Enhanced expression and activation of Nox has been reported in numerous pathologies. Nox expression is regulated via complex transcription factor-epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding of Nox regulation is essential to counteract ROS-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Adriana Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- The Institute for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
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179
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Craige SM, Kant S, Keaney JF. Reactive oxygen species in endothelial function - from disease to adaptation - . Circ J 2015; 79:1145-55. [PMID: 25986771 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function is largely dictated by its ability to rapidly sense environmental cues and adapt to these stimuli through changes in vascular tone, inflammation/immune recruitment, and angiogenesis. When any one of these abilities is compromised, the endothelium becomes dysfunctional, which ultimately leads to disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been established at the forefront of endothelial dysfunction; however, more careful examination has demonstrated that ROS are fundamental to each of the sensing/signaling roles of the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to document endothelial ROS production in both disease and physiological adaptation. Through understanding new endothelial signaling paradigms, we will gain insight into more targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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180
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van Thiel BS, van der Pluijm I, te Riet L, Essers J, Danser AHJ. The renin-angiotensin system and its involvement in vascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:3-14. [PMID: 25987425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many types of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, aneurysms, stroke, coronary artery disease and vascular injury. Besides the classical regulatory effects on blood pressure and sodium homoeostasis, the RAS is involved in the regulation of contractility and remodelling of the vessel wall. Numerous studies have shown beneficial effect of inhibition of this system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, dysregulation and overexpression of the RAS, through different molecular mechanisms, also induces, the initiation of vascular damage. The key effector peptide of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, processes known to contribute to remodelling of the vasculature. In this review, we focus on the components that are under the influence of the RAS and contribute to the development and progression of vascular disease; extracellular matrix defects, atherosclerosis and ageing. Furthermore, the beneficial therapeutic effects of inhibition of the RAS on the vasculature are discussed, as well as the need for additive effects on top of RAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi S van Thiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk te Riet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Despite the wealth of pre-clinical support for a role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the aetiology of diabetic complications, enthusiasm for antioxidant therapeutic approaches has been dampened by less favourable outcomes in large clinical trials. This has necessitated a re-evaluation of pre-clinical evidence and a more rational approach to antioxidant therapy. The present review considers current evidence, from both pre-clinical and clinical studies, to address the benefits of antioxidant therapy. The main focus of the present review is on the effects of direct targeting of ROS-producing enzymes, the bolstering of antioxidant defences and mechanisms to improve nitric oxide availability. Current evidence suggests that a more nuanced approach to antioxidant therapy is more likely to yield positive reductions in end-organ injury, with considerations required for the types of ROS/RNS involved, the timing and dosage of antioxidant therapy, and the selective targeting of cell populations. This is likely to influence future strategies to lessen the burden of diabetic complications such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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182
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Bounds KR, Newell-Rogers MK, Mitchell BM. Four Pathways Involving Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 26664892 PMCID: PMC4671354 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal innate immune system plays an important role both in normal pregnancy as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia (PE). We propose four pathways that involve excessive innate immunity that lead to most forms of PE. Pre-existing endothelial dysfunction plus pregnancy leads to an excessive innate immune response resulting in widespread inflammation, placental and renal dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and PE. Placental dysfunction due to shallow trophoblast invasion, inadequate spiral artery remodeling, and/or low placental perfusion initiates an innate immune response leading to excessive inflammation, endothelial and renal dysfunction, and PE. A heightened innate immune system due to pre-existing or acquired infections plus the presence of a paternally derived placenta and semi-allogeneic fetus cause an excessive innate immune response which manifests as PE. Lastly, an abnormal and excessive maternal immune response to pregnancy leads to widespread inflammation, organ dysfunction, and PE. We discuss the potential role of innate immunity in each of these scenarios, as well as the overlap, and how targeting the innate immune system might lead to therapies for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Bounds
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA
| | | | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple, TX , USA
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Wu CY, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Yue F, Li M, Zhang LP. Intranasal administration with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing heme oxygenase-1 reduces hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation in rat pups. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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184
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Smooth muscle specific overexpression of p22phox potentiates carotid artery wall thickening in response to injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:305686. [PMID: 25945151 PMCID: PMC4402189 DOI: 10.1155/2015/305686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that transgenic mice overexpressing the p22phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase selectively in smooth muscle (Tgp22smc) would exhibit an exacerbated response to transluminal carotid injury compared to wild-type mice. To examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a mediator of vascular injury, the injury response was quantified by measuring wall thickness (WT) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) of the injured and noninjured arteries in both Tgp22smc and wild-type animals at days 3, 7, and 14 after injury. Akt, p38 MAPK, and Src activation were evaluated at the same time points using Western blotting. WT and CSWA following injury were significantly greater in Tgp22smc mice at both 7 and 14 days after injury while noninjured contralateral carotids were similar between groups. Apocynin treatment attenuated the injury response in both groups and rendered the response similar between Tgp22smc mice and wild-type mice. Following injury, carotid arteries from Tgp22smc mice demonstrated elevated activation of Akt at day 3, while p38 MAPK and Src activation was elevated at day 7 compared to wild-type mice. Both increased activation and temporal regulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to enhanced vascular growth in response to injury in this transgenic model of elevated vascular ROS.
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185
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The role of oxidative stress and autophagy in atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:130315. [PMID: 25866599 PMCID: PMC4381688 DOI: 10.1155/2015/130315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, multistep disorder of large- and medium-sized arteries involving, in addition to age, gender and menopausal status, a complex interplay between lifestyle and genetic risk factors. Atherosclerosis usually begins with the diffusion and retention of atherogenic lipoproteins into the subendothelial space of the artery wall where they become oxidized by local enzymes and accumulate, leading to the formation of a cushion called atheroma or atheromatous or fibrofatty plaque, composed of a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), cholesterol cleft, necrotic debris, and lipid-laden foam cells. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis still remains incompletely understood but emerging evidence suggests that it may involve multiple cellular events, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation of vascular SMCs, matrix (ECM) alteration, and neovascularization. Actually, a growing body of evidence indicates that autophagy along with the chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is integral to the development and progression of the disease and may represent fruitful avenues for biological investigation and for the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we give an overview of ROS and autophagy in atherosclerosis as background to understand their potential role in this vascular disease.
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186
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Li XW, Wang XM, Li S, Yang JR. Effects of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Chin Med 2015; 10:4. [PMID: 25722740 PMCID: PMC4341233 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and arterial intima hyperplasia. This study aims to investigate the effects of chrysin on rat pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to 10% O2 for 4 weeks to induce PH. The effect of chrysin (50 or 100 mg/kg/d, subcutaneous) on vascular remodeling was investigated in hypoxia-induced PH model. At the end of the experiments, the indexes for pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy were measured by vascular medial wall thickness and the ratio of right ventricle to (left ventricle plus septum). The expressions of NOX4, collagen I, and collagen III were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, or western blotting. The proliferation of cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was determined by BrdU incorporation and flow cytometry. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate method. RESULTS Chrysin treatment for 4 weeks significantly attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and improved collagen accumulation and down-regulated collagen I and collagen III expressions, accompanied by downregulation of NOX4 expression in the pulmonary artery (P = 0.012 for 50 mg/kg/d, P < 0.001 for 100 mg/kg/d) and lung tissue (P = 0.026, P < 0.001). In vitro, chrysin (1, 10, and 100 μM) remarkably attenuated PASMC proliferation (P = 0.021 for 1 μM, P < 0.001 for 10 μM, and P < 0.001 for 100 μM), collagen I expression (P = 0.035, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001), and collagen III expression (P = 0.027, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001) induced by hypoxia, and these inhibitory effects of chrysin were accompanied by inhibition of NOX4 expression (P = 0.019, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001), ROS production (P = 0.038, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001), and MDA generation (P = 0.024, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that chrysin treatment in hypoxia-induced PH in rats reversed the hypoxia-induced (1) elevations of NOX4 expression, (2) productions of ROS and MDA, (3) proliferation of PASMC, and (4) accumulation of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241002 China
| | - Xiang-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241002 China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241002 China
| | - Jie-Ren Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241002 China
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Abstract
The view of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease has emerged from observations of immune activation and inflammatory signalling in human atherosclerotic lesions, from the definition of inflammatory biomarkers as independent risk factors for cardiovascular events, and from evidence of low-density lipoprotein-induced immune activation. Studies in animal models of hyperlipidaemia have also supported the beneficial effects of countering inflammation to delay atherosclerosis progression. Specific inflammatory pathways with relevance to human diseases have been identified, and inhibitors of these pathways are either already in use for the treatment of other diseases, or are under development and evaluation. These include 'classic' drugs (such as allopurinol, colchicine, and methotrexate), biologic therapies (for example tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and IL-1 neutralization), as well as targeting of lipid mediators (such as phospholipase inhibitors and antileukotrienes) or intracellular pathways (inhibition of NADPH oxidase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or phosphodiesterase). The evidence supporting the use of anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis is mainly based on either observational or small interventional studies evaluating surrogate markers of disease activity. Nevertheless, these data are crucial to understand the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, and to design randomized controlled studies to evaluate the effect of specific anti-inflammatory strategies on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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188
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Sun QA, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Oxidative stress, NADPH oxidases, and arteries. Hamostaseologie 2015; 36:77-88. [PMID: 25649240 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its major complications - myocardial infarction and stroke - remain major causes of death and disability in the United States and world-wide. Indeed, with dramatic increases in obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence and public health impact of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will likely remain high. Major advances have been made in development of new therapies to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis and CVD, in particular for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Oxidative stress is the common mechanistic link for many CVD risk factors. However, only recently have the tools existed to study the interface between oxidative stress and CVD in animal models. The most important source of reactive oxygen species (and hence oxidative stress) in vascular cells are the multiple forms of enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase). Recently published and emerging studies now clearly establish that: 1) NADPH oxidases are of critical importance in atherosclerosis and hypertension in animal models; 2) given the tissue-specific expression of key components of NADPH oxidase, it may be possible to target vascular oxidative stress for prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Marschall S. Runge, MD PhD, Department of Medicine, 125 MacNider Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7005, USA, E-mail:
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189
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Li P, Qiu T, Qin C. NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:231-8. [PMID: 25619262 PMCID: PMC4307689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies on the associations between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease have recently been published, but the results remain inconsistent. Material/Methods We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate this association. Eight case-control studies were included, involving 2045 cases and 2102 controls. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q test and the I2 statistic. Begg and Egger’s tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias. Odds ratio (OR) was tested to identify the associations. Results Significant associations between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) risk were observed in the allelic genetic model (OR=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.77, p=0.048). No statistical significant association was found in the dominant model (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.02, p=0.064) and recessive model (OR=1.40, 95% CI 0.89–2.19, p=0.146). Subgroup analysis showed an association in European populations for recessive model (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.06–4.26, p=0.034) and no significant evidence of association in Asian populations was found (dominant model: OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.41–1.00, p=0.05; recessive model: OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.53–1.81, p=0.948; allelic model: OR=1.51, 95% CI 0.98–2.32, p=0.061). Conclusions p22phox gene C242T polymorphism was associated with ICVD risk in the allelic genetic model, as well as in European populations for recessive model. No evidence showed association between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ICVD risk in the dominant model and recessive model. Furthermore, no association existed in Asian populations for any of the 3 genetic models and European populations in the dominant model and allelic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tangmeng Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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190
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Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae polysaccharides protect HUVECs from H2O2-induced injury by regulating PPARγ factor and the NADPH oxidase/ROS–NF-κB signal pathway. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:149-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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191
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Bushueva OY, Stetskaya TA, Polonikov AV, Ivanov VP. The relationship between polymorphism 640A>G of the CYBA gene with the risk of ischemic stroke in the population of the Central Russia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:38-41. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151159238-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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192
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Lopez-Fernandez S, Manito-Lorite N, Gómez-Hospital JA, Roca J, Fontanillas C, Melgares-Moreno R, Azpitarte-Almagro J, Cequier-Fillat A. Cardiogenic shock and coronary endothelial dysfunction predict cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:1393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopez-Fernandez
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Cardiology; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital; FIBAO; Granada Spain
| | - Nicolas Manito-Lorite
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Antoni Gómez-Hospital
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep Roca
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carles Fontanillas
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael Melgares-Moreno
- Department of Cardiology; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital; FIBAO; Granada Spain
| | - José Azpitarte-Almagro
- Department of Cardiology; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital; FIBAO; Granada Spain
| | - Angel Cequier-Fillat
- Àrea de Malalties del Cor; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; L′Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
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193
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An alternative pathway through the Fenton reaction for the formation of advanced oxidation protein products, a new class of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation 2014; 37:512-21. [PMID: 24193368 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) has been linked to several pathological conditions, and their levels are formed during oxidative stress as a result of reactions between plasma proteins and chlorinated oxidants produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, it was suggested that the generation of this mediator of inflammation may also occur via an MPO-independent pathway. The aim of this study was to induce the formation of AOPPs in vitro through Fenton reaction and to investigate whether this generation could be counteracted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). The complete Fenton system increased the AOPPs levels and both NAC and FBP were capable of inhibiting the formation of Fenton reaction-induced AOPPs. These data provide a new hypothesis about another pathway of AOPPs formation, as well as report that NAC and FBP may be good candidates to neutralize pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of AOPPs in several diseases.
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194
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Han SG. Protective effects of EGCG through Inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression in endothelial cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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195
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Sibley CT, Estwick T, Zavodni A, Huang CY, Kwan AC, Soule BP, Long Priel DA, Remaley AT, Rudman Spergel AK, Turkbey EB, Kuhns DB, Holland SM, Malech HL, Zarember KA, Bluemke DA, Gallin JI. Assessment of atherosclerosis in chronic granulomatous disease. Circulation 2014; 130:2031-9. [PMID: 25239440 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) experience immunodeficiency because of defects in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and the concomitant reduction in reactive oxygen intermediates. This may result in a reduction in atherosclerotic injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers of inflammation and neutrophil activation, and the presence of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography quantified subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries of 41 patients with CGD and 25 healthy controls in the same age range. Univariable and multivariable associations among risk factors, inflammatory markers, and atherosclerosis burden were assessed. Patients with CGD had significant elevations in traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers compared with control subjects, including hypertension, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and low high-density lipoprotein. Despite this, patients with CGD had a 22% lower internal carotid artery wall volume compared with control subjects (361.3±76.4 mm(3) versus 463.5±104.7 mm(3); P<0.001). This difference was comparable in p47(phox)- and gp91(phox)-deficient subtypes of CGD and independent of risk factors in multivariate regression analysis. In contrast, the prevalence of coronary arterial calcification was similar between patients with CGD and control subjects (14.6%, CGD; 6.3%, controls; P=0.39). CONCLUSIONS The observation by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography of reduced carotid but not coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with CGD despite the high prevalence of traditional risk factors raises questions about the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of clinically significant atherosclerosis. Additional high-resolution studies in multiple vascular beds are required to address the therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase inhibition in cardiovascular diseases. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01063309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Sibley
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tyra Estwick
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anna Zavodni
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan C Kwan
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Benjamin P Soule
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Debra A Long Priel
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda K Rudman Spergel
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Evrim B Turkbey
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M Holland
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Harry L Malech
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kol A Zarember
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David A Bluemke
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John I Gallin
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (C.T.S., A.Z., A.C.K., E.B.T., D.A.B.), Laboratory of Host Defenses (T.E., P.B.S., A.K.R.S., H.L.M., K.A.Z., J.I.G.), Biostatistics Research Branch (C.-Y.H.), and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases (S.M.H.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Li H, Horke S, Förstermann U. Vascular oxidative stress, nitric oxide and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:208-19. [PMID: 25244505 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular wall, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by several enzyme systems including NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. On the other hand, the vasculature is protected by antioxidant enzyme systems, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases and paraoxonases, which detoxify ROS. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus enhance ROS generation, resulting in oxidative stress. This leads to oxidative modification of lipoproteins and phospholipids, mechanisms that contribute to atherogenesis. In addition, oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin may cause eNOS uncoupling and thus potentiation of oxidative stress and reduction of eNOS-derived NO, which is a protective principle in the vasculature. This review summarizes the latest advances in the role of ROS-producing enzymes, antioxidative enzymes as well as NO synthases in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Horke
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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197
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Elahy M, Baindur-Hudson S, Cruzat VF, Newsholme P, Dass CR. Mechanisms of PEDF-mediated protection against reactive oxygen species damage in diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:R129-39. [PMID: 24928938 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a pluripotent glycoprotein belonging to the serpin family. PEDF can stimulate several physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and survival. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the major cause of blindness in young diabetic adults. PEDF plays a protective role in DR and there is accumulating evidence of the neuroprotective effect of PEDF. In this paper, we review the role of PEDF and the mechanisms involved in its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Elahy
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Swati Baindur-Hudson
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Vinicius F Cruzat
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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198
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Leucker TM, Jones SP. Endothelial dysfunction as a nexus for endothelial cell-cardiomyocyte miscommunication. Front Physiol 2014; 5:328. [PMID: 25206341 PMCID: PMC4144117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of the heart focus on cardiomyocytes (CM) at the exclusion of other cell types such as myocardial endothelial cells (EC). Such mono-cellular approaches propagate the presumption that EC provide a mere “passive lining” or supportive role. In fact, EC contribute to a dynamic network regulating vascular tone, cardiac development, and repair. Two distinct EC types, vascular EC and epicardial EC, possess important structural and signaling properties within both the healthy and diseased myocardium. In this review, we address EC-CM interactions in mature, healthy myocardium, followed by a discussion of diseases characterized by EC dysfunction. Finally, we consider strategies to reverse EC-CM “miscommunication” to improve patients' outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten M Leucker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, and Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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199
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Gole HKA, Tharp DL, Bowles DK. Upregulation of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) in porcine coronary smooth muscle requires NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). PLoS One 2014; 9:e105337. [PMID: 25144362 PMCID: PMC4140784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims NADPH oxidase (NOX) is the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is proposed to play a key role in redox signaling involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Growth factors and cytokines stimulate coronary SMC (CSMC) phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration during atherosclerotic plaque development and restenosis. We previously demonstrated that increased expression and activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) is necessary for CSMC phenotypic modulation and progression of stenotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether NOX is required for KCNN4 upregulation induced by mitogenic growth factors. Methods and Results Dihydroethidium micro-fluorography in porcine CSMCs demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased superoxide production, which was blocked by the NOX inhibitor apocynin (Apo). Apo also blocked bFGF-induced increases in KCNN4 mRNA levels in both right coronary artery sections and CSMCs. Similarly, immunohistochemistry and whole cell voltage clamp showed bFGF-induced increases in CSMC KCNN4 protein expression and channel activity were abolished by Apo. Treatment with Apo also inhibited bFGF-induced increases in activator protein-1 promoter activity, as measured by luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR demonstrated porcine coronary smooth muscle expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5 isoforms. Knockdown of NOX5 alone prevented both bFGF-induced upregulation of KCNN4 mRNA and CSMC migration. Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence that NOX5-derived ROS increase functional expression of KCNN4 through activator protein-1, providing another potential link between NOX, CSMC phenotypic modulation, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope K. A. Gole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Darla L. Tharp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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200
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Kang DH, Kang SW. Targeting cellular antioxidant enzymes for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:89-96. [PMID: 24009865 PMCID: PMC3762320 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular dysfunction is a chronic inflammatory process that spreads from the fatty streak and foam cells through lesion progression. Therefore, its early diagnosis and prevention is unfeasible. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Intracellular redox status is tightly regulated by oxidant and antioxidant systems. Imbalance in these systems causes oxidative or reductive stress which triggers cellular damage or aberrant signaling, and leads to dysregulation. Paradoxically, large clinical trials have shown that non-specific ROS scavenging by antioxidant vitamins is ineffective or sometimes harmful. ROS production can be locally regulated by cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins. Therapeutic approach targeting these antioxidant enzymes might prove beneficial for prevention of ROS-related atherosclerotic vascular disease. Conversely, the development of specific antioxidant enzyme-mimetics could contribute to the clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science and Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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