151
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Abstract
Intestinal dual oxidase (DUOX) activation is the first line of host defense against enteric infection in Drosophila. DUOX enzymatic activity is mainly controlled by phospholipase C-β (PLCβ)-dependent calcium mobilization, whereas DUOX gene expression is mainly controlled by the MEKK1-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Furthermore, bacterial-derived uracil molecules act as ligands for DUOX activation. However, our current understanding of uracil-induced signal transduction pathways remain incomplete. We have recently found that uracil stimulates Hedgehog signaling, which in turn upregulates cadherin99C (Cad99C) expression in enterocytes. Cad99C molecules, along with PLCβ and protein kinase C, induce the formation of signaling endosomes that facilitate intracellular calcium mobilization for DUOX activity. These observations illustrate the complexity of signaling cascades in uracil-induced signaling pathways. Here, we further demonstrated the role of lipid raft formation and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II on endosome formation and calcium mobilization, respectively. Moreover, we will provide a brief discussion on two different models for uracil recognition and uracil-induced DUOX activation in Drosophila enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Lee
- a School of Biological Science, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- a School of Biological Science, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyejin You
- a School of Biological Science, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- a School of Biological Science, Seoul National University and National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
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152
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Ji Y, Guo X, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Zhu J, Chen QH, Gui L. CaMKIIδ meditates phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 27:9-17. [PMID: 27940402 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is involved in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. The signaling mechanisms of SOCE contributing to cardiac hypertrophy following phenylephrine (PE) stimulation are not fully understood. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) plays an important role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis and function in the cardimyocytes. This study is aimed to determine the role of CaMKIIδ in regulating the PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy and the associated molecular signaling mechanisms. We used primary cultures of neonatal cardimyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the effects of CaMKIIδ on myocardial hypertrophy and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We found that the expression of CaMKIIδ was enhanced in PE-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. CaMKIIδ siRNA, CaMKII inhibitor KN93, and SOCE blocker BTP2 attenuated the increase in the expression of CaMKIIδ and normalized the hypertrophic markers, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, and size of cardiomyocytes induced by PE stimulation. The protein level of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1, the essential components of the SOCE, is also enhanced in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, which were normalized by CaMKIIδ siRNA and KN93 treatment. Hypertrophic cardiomyocytes showed an increase in the peak of Ca2+ transient following store depletion, which was inhibited by SOCE blocker BTP2, CaMKIIδ siRNA, and KN93. The Ca2+ currents through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels were increased in PE-treated cardiomyocytes and were attenuated by CaMKIIδ siRNA and KN93. These data indicate that PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy requires a complex signaling pathway that involves activation of both CaMKIIδ and SOCE. In conclusion, these studies reveal that up-regulation of CaMKIIδ may contribute to the PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy through the activation of SOCE expressed in the cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhuyun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Jianghua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Le Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
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153
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Berchtold MW, Zacharias T, Kulej K, Wang K, Torggler R, Jespersen T, Chen JN, Larsen MR, la Cour JM. The Arrhythmogenic Calmodulin Mutation D129G Dysregulates Cell Growth, Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II Activity, and Cardiac Function in Zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26636-26646. [PMID: 27815504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+ binding protein modulating multiple targets, several of which are associated with cardiac pathophysiology. Recently, CaM mutations were linked to heart arrhythmia. CaM is crucial for cell growth and viability, yet the effect of the arrhythmogenic CaM mutations on cell viability, as well as heart rhythm, remains unknown, and only a few targets with relevance for heart physiology have been analyzed for their response to mutant CaM. We show that the arrhythmia-associated CaM mutants support growth and viability of DT40 cells in the absence of WT CaM except for the long QT syndrome mutant CaM D129G. Of the six CaM mutants tested (N53I, F89L, D95V, N97S, D129G, and F141L), three showed a decreased activation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent kinase II, most prominently the D129G CaM mutation, which was incapable of stimulating Thr286 autophosphorylation. Furthermore, the CaM D129G mutation led to bradycardia in zebrafish and an arrhythmic phenotype in a subset of the analyzed zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Kulej
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark, and
| | - Kevin Wang
- the Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Thomas Jespersen
- the Danish Arrhythmia Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- the Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Martin R Larsen
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark, and
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154
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Morihara H, Yamamoto T, Oiwa H, Tonegawa K, Tsuchiyama D, Kawakatsu I, Obana M, Maeda M, Mohri T, Obika S, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. Phospholamban Inhibition by a Single Dose of Locked Nucleic Acid Antisense Oligonucleotide Improves Cardiac Contractility in Pressure Overload-Induced Systolic Dysfunction in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:273-282. [PMID: 27811197 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416676392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholamban (PLN) inhibition enhances calcium cycling and is a potential novel therapy for heart failure (HF). Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a promising tool for unmet medical needs. Nonviral vector use of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified ASOs (LNA-ASOs), which shows strong binding to target RNAs and is resistant to nuclease, is considered to have a potential for use in novel therapeutics in the next decades. Thus, the efficacy of a single-dose injection of LNA-ASO for cardiac disease needs to be elucidated. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of a single-dose LNA-ASO injection targeting PLN in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice intravenously injected with Cy3-labeled LNA-ASO displayed Cy3 fluorescence in the liver and heart 24 hours after injection. Subsequently, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction surgery; after 3 weeks, these were treated with PLN-targeting LNA-ASO (0.3 mg/kg) or scrambled LNA-ASO. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography before and 1 week after injection. Phospholamban-targeting LNA-ASO treatment significantly improved fractional shortening (FS) by 6.5%, whereas administration of the scrambled LNA-ASO decreased FS by 4.0%. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that a single-dose injection of PLN-targeting LNA-ASO improved contractility in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that LNA-ASO is a promising tool for hypertensive HF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Morihara
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
- 2 Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Harunori Oiwa
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kota Tonegawa
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchiyama
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ikki Kawakatsu
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mohri
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- 2 Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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155
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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156
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Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as key enzyme in many cardiac pathologies, especially heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathies, thus leading to contractile dysfunction and malignant arrhythmias. While many pathways leading to CaMKII activation have been elucidated in recent years, hardly any clinically viable compounds affecting CaMKII activity have progressed from basic in vitro science to in vivo studies. This review focuses on recent advances in anti-arrhythmic strategies involving CaMKII. Specifically, both inhibition of CaMKII itself to prevent arrhythmias, as well as anti-arrhythmic approaches affecting CaMKII activity via alterations in signaling cascades upstream and downstream of CaMKII will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mustroph
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany.
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157
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Chen SR, Zhang WP, Bao JM, Cheng ZB, Yin S. Aristoyunnolin H attenuates extracellular matrix secretion in cardiac fibroblasts by inhibiting calcium influx. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:122-130. [PMID: 27704335 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aristoyunnolin H is a novel aristophyllene sesquiterpenoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Aristolochia yunnanensis Franch. The present research was designed to explore the anti-fibrotic effects of aristoyunnolin H in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). Western blot analysis data showed that aristoyunnolin H reduced the upregulation of fibronectin (FN), connective tissue growth factor and collagen I(Col I) production induced by Ang II in CFs. By studying the dynamic intracellular changes of Ca2+, we further found that while aristoyunnolin H relieved the calcium influx, it has no effect on intracellular calcium store release. Meanwhile, aristoyunnolin H also inhibited the Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. In conclusion, aristoyunnolin H may attenuate extracellular matrix secretion in vitro by inhibiting Ang II-induced calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Mei Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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158
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Helms AS, Alvarado FJ, Yob J, Tang VT, Pagani F, Russell MW, Valdivia HH, Day SM. Genotype-Dependent and -Independent Calcium Signaling Dysregulation in Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2016; 134:1738-1748. [PMID: 27688314 PMCID: PMC5127749 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant calcium signaling may contribute to arrhythmias and adverse remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mutations in sarcomere genes may distinctly alter calcium handling pathways. METHODS We analyzed gene expression, protein levels, and functional assays for calcium regulatory pathways in human HCM surgical samples with (n=25) and without (n=10) sarcomere mutations compared with control hearts (n=8). RESULTS Gene expression and protein levels for calsequestrin, L-type calcium channel, sodium-calcium exchanger, phospholamban, calcineurin, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) were similar in HCM samples compared with controls. CaMKII protein abundance was increased only in sarcomere-mutation HCM (P<0.001). The CaMKII target pT17-phospholamban was 5.5-fold increased only in sarcomere-mutation HCM (P=0.01), as was autophosphorylated CaMKII (P<0.01), suggestive of constitutive activation. Calcineurin (PPP3CB) mRNA was not increased, nor was RCAN1 mRNA level, indicating a lack of calcineurin activation. Furthermore, myocyte enhancer factor 2 and nuclear factor of activated T cell transcription factor activity was not increased in HCM, suggesting that calcineurin pathway activation is not an upstream cause of increased CAMKII protein abundance or activation. SERCA2A mRNA transcript levels were reduced in HCM regardless of genotype, as was sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase 2/phospholamban protein ratio (45% reduced; P=0.03). 45Ca sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticular calcium ATPaseuptake assay showed reduced uptake velocity in HCM regardless of genotype (P=0.01). The cardiac ryanodine receptor was not altered in transcript, protein, or phosphorylated (pS2808, pS2814) protein abundance, and [3H]ryanodine binding was not different in HCM, consistent with no major modification of the ryanodine receptor. CONCLUSIONS Human HCM demonstrates calcium mishandling through both genotype-specific and common pathways. Posttranslational activation of the CaMKII pathway is specific to sarcomere mutation-positive HCM, whereas sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase 2 abundance and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca uptake are depressed in both sarcomere mutation-positive and -negative HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Helms
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
| | - Francisco J Alvarado
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jaime Yob
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Vi T Tang
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Francis Pagani
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mark W Russell
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Sharlene M Day
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (A.S.H., J.Y., V.T.T., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V., S.M.D.), Cardiac Surgery (F.P.), and Pediatrics (M.W.R.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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159
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Inhibition of cardiac CaMKII to cure heart failure: step by step towards translation? Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:66. [PMID: 27683175 PMCID: PMC5040741 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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160
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Kreusser MM, Lehmann LH, Wolf N, Keranov S, Jungmann A, Gröne HJ, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Backs J. Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of CaM kinase II protects from pressure overload-induced heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:65. [PMID: 27683174 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CaM kinase II (CaMKII) has been suggested to drive pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. However, the evidence provided so far is based on inhibitory strategies using chemical compounds and peptides that also exert off-target effects and followed exclusively preventive strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether specific CaMKII inhibition after the onset of cardiac stress delays or reverses maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Combined genetic deletion of the two redundant CaMKII genes δ and γ was induced after the onset of overt heart failure as the result of pathological pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We used two different strategies to engineer an inducible cardiomyocyte-specific CaMKIIδ/CaMKIIγ double knockout mouse model (DKO): one model bases on tamoxifen-inducible mER/Cre/mER expression under control of the cardiac-specific αMHC promoter; the other strategy bases on overexpression of Cre recombinase via cardiac-specific gene transfer through adeno-associated virus (AAV9) under control of the cardiac-specific myosin light chain promoter. Both models led to a substantial deletion of CaMKII in failing hearts. To approximate the clinical situation, CaMKII deletion was induced 3 weeks after TAC surgery. In both models of DKO, the progression of cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis could be slowed down as compared to control animals. Taken together, we show for the first time that "therapeutic" CaMKII deletion after cardiac damage is sufficient to attenuate maladaptive cardiac remodeling and to reverse signs of heart failure. These data suggest that CaMKII inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach to combat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kreusser
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lorenz H Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nora Wolf
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stanislav Keranov
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
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161
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Zhu S, Guleria RS, Thomas CM, Roth A, Gerilechaogetu F, Kumar R, Dostal DE, Baker KM, Pan J. Loss of myocardial retinoic acid receptor α induces diastolic dysfunction by promoting intracellular oxidative stress and calcium mishandling in adult mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:100-112. [PMID: 27539860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) has been implicated in pathological stimuli-induced cardiac remodeling. To determine whether the impairment of RARα signaling directly contributes to the development of heart dysfunction and the involved mechanisms, tamoxifen-induced myocardial specific RARα deletion (RARαKO) mice were utilized. Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization studies showed significant diastolic dysfunction after 16wks of gene deletion. However, no significant differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), between RARαKO and wild type (WT) control mice. DHE staining showed increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the hearts of RARαKO mice. Significantly increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and NOX4 levels and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels were observed in RARαKO mouse hearts, which were rescued by overexpression of RARα in cardiomyocytes. Decreased SERCA2a expression and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), along with decreased phosphorylation of Akt and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKII δ) was observed in RARαKO mouse hearts. Ca2+ reuptake and cardiomyocyte relaxation were delayed by RARα deletion. Overexpression of RARα or inhibition of ROS generation or NOX activation prevented RARα deletion-induced decrease in SERCA2a expression/activation and delayed Ca2+ reuptake. Moreover, the gene and protein expression of RARα was significantly decreased in aged or metabolic stressed mouse hearts. RARα deletion accelerated the development of diastolic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice or in high fat diet fed mice. In conclusion, myocardial RARα deletion promoted diastolic dysfunction, with a relative preserved LVEF. Increased oxidative stress have an important role in the decreased expression/activation of SERCA2a and Ca2+ mishandling in RARαKO mice, which are major contributing factors in the development of diastolic dysfunction. These data suggest that impairment of cardiac RARα signaling may be a novel mechanism that is directly linked to pathological stimuli-induced diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
| | - Candice M Thomas
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Roth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fnu Gerilechaogetu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
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162
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a synopsis of some of the emerging ideas and experimental findings in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology that were published in 2015. To provide context for the non-specialist, a brief summary of cardiac contraction and calcium (Ca) regulation in the heart in health and disease is provided. Thereafter, some recently published articles are introduced that indicate the current thinking on (1) the Ca regulatory pathways modulated by Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, (2) the potential influences of nitrosylation by nitric oxide or S-nitrosated proteins, (3) newly observed effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on contraction and Ca regulation following myocardial infarction and a possible link with changes in mitochondrial Ca, and (4) the effects of some of these signaling pathways on late Na current and pro-arrhythmic afterdepolarizations as well as the effects of transverse tubule disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken T MacLeod
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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163
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Mason FE, Sossalla S. The Significance of the Late Na+ Current for Arrhythmia Induction and the Therapeutic Antiarrhythmic Potential of Ranolazine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:40-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416644989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the basis of arrhythmogenesis, the functional and clinical role of the late Na current, and its therapeutic inhibition. Under pathological conditions such as ischemia and heart failure this current is abnormally enhanced and influences cellular electrophysiology as a proarrhythmic substrate in myocardial pathology. Ranolazine the only approved late Na current blocker has been demonstrated to produce antiarrhythmic effects in the atria and the ventricle. We summarize recent experimental and clinical studies of ranolazine and other experimental late Na current blockers and discuss the significance of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur E. Mason
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen & Kiel, Germany
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164
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Høydal MA, Stølen TO, Kettlewell S, Maier LS, Brown JH, Sowa T, Catalucci D, Condorelli G, Kemi OJ, Smith GL, Wisløff U. Exercise training reverses myocardial dysfunction induced by CaMKIIδC overexpression by restoring Ca2+ homeostasis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:212-20. [PMID: 27231311 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00188.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several conditions of heart disease, including heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy, are associated with upregulation of cytosolic Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIδC) activity. In the heart, CaMKIIδC isoform targets several proteins involved in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. We hypothesized that high-intensity endurance training activates mechanisms that enable a rescue of dysfunctional cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling and thereby ameliorate cardiac dysfunction despite continuous and chronic elevated levels of CaMKIIδC CaMKIIδC transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice performed aerobic interval exercise training over 6 wk. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography in vivo, and cardiomyocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) handling were measured in vitro. TG mice had reduced global cardiac function, cardiomyocyte shortening (47% reduced compared with WT, P < 0.01), and impaired Ca(2+) homeostasis. Despite no change in the chronic elevated levels of CaMKIIδC, exercise improved global cardiac function, restored cardiomyocyte shortening, and reestablished Ca(2+) homeostasis to values not different from WT. The key features to explain restored Ca(2+) homeostasis after exercise training were increased L-type Ca(2+) current density and flux by 79 and 85%, respectively (P < 0.01), increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) function by 50% (P < 0.01), and reduced diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak by 73% (P < 0.01), compared with sedentary TG mice. In conclusion, exercise training improves global cardiac function as well as cardiomyocyte function in the presence of a maintained high CaMKII activity. The main mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements in TG CaMKIIδC mice are mediated via increased L-type Ca(2+) channel currents and improved SR Ca(2+) handling by restoration of SERCA2a function in addition to reduced diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Høydal
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine, Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Tomas O Stølen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Kettlewell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Sowa
- Heart Center of the University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research-UOS Milan and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research-UOS Milan and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ole J Kemi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, K. G. Jebsen Centre of Exercise in Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
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165
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Daniels L, Bell JR, Delbridge LMD, McDonald FJ, Lamberts RR, Erickson JR. The role of CaMKII in diabetic heart dysfunction. Heart Fail Rev 2016. [PMID: 26198034 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing epidemic that places a significant burden on health services worldwide. The incidence of heart failure (HF) is significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. One underlying mechanism proposed for the link between DM and HF is activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKIIδ). CaMKIIδ mediates ion channel function and Ca(2+) handling during excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocardium. CaMKIIδ activity is up-regulated in the myocardium of diabetic patients and mouse models of diabetes, where it promotes pathological signaling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition and knockout models of CaMKIIδ have shown some promise of a potential therapeutic benefit of CaMKIIδ inhibition, with protection against cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis reported. This review will highlight the pathological role of CaMKIIδ in diabetes and discuss CaMKIIδ as a therapeutic target in DM, and also the effects of exercise on CaMKIIδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Daniels
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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166
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Endostatin is protective against monocrotaline-induced right heart disease through the inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) channel. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1259-1270. [PMID: 27023352 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endostatin (ES), a C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIIIα1, has a potent anti-angiogenic effect. ES prevents tumor proliferation through inhibiting T-type Ca(2+) channel. T-type Ca(2+) channel is re-expressed during heart diseases including monocrotaline (MCT)-induced right heart failure. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of ES on T-type Ca(2+) channel and pathogenesis of MCT-induced right ventricular disease. MCT or saline was injected intraperitoneally to rats. After cardiomyocytes were isolated from right ventricles (RVs), T-type Ca(2+) channel current (I CaT) was measured by a patch-clamp method. After ES small interfering RNA (siRNA) or control siRNA (20 μg) was administrated for 1 week via the right jugular vein 1 week after MCT injection, echocardiography and histological analysis were done. I CaT was significantly increased in RV from MCT-injected rats, and ES significantly inhibited it. The survival rate of ES siRNA-administrated MCT rats (MCT ES si group) was decreased. In echocardiography, although ES siRNA did not affect pulmonary arterial pressure, RV systolic function was impaired in MCT ES si group compared with control siRNA-administrated MCT rats (MCT cont si group). In the histological analysis of RV, ES expression was increased in MCT cont si group, and ES siRNA inhibited it. Furthermore, although MCT cont si group showed only cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, MCT ES si group showed notable enlargement of intercellular spaces. The present study for the first time revealed that ES inhibits T-type Ca(2+) channel activity in RV from MCT-injected rats. ES gene knockdown deteriorates MCT-induced right heart disease. ES is thus cardioprotective possibly through inhibiting T-type Ca(2+) channel activity.
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167
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Bin-Dayel AF, Abdel Baky NA, Fadda LM, Mohammad RA, Al-Mohanna F. Effect of aliskiren and carvedilol on expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ-subunit isoforms in cardiac hypertrophy rat model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:122-31. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1128035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fahad Bin-Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Nayira A. Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt,
| | - L. M. Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Raeesa A. Mohammad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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168
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Fischer TH, Kleinwächter A, Herting J, Eiringhaus J, Hartmann N, Renner A, Gummert J, Haverich A, Schmitto JD, Sossalla S. Inhibition of CaMKII Attenuates Progressing Disruption of Ca2+Homeostasis Upon Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Human Heart Failure. Artif Organs 2016; 40:719-26. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Fischer
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Göttingen Germany
| | - Astrid Kleinwächter
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Jonas Herting
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Göttingen Germany
| | - Jörg Eiringhaus
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Nico Hartmann
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Göttingen Germany
| | - André Renner
- Department for Heart and Transplantation Surgery; Heart Center; Bad Oeynhausen Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Department for Heart and Transplantation Surgery; Heart Center; Bad Oeynhausen Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department for Thoracic and Heart Surgery; Medical University of Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Jan D. Schmitto
- Department for Thoracic and Heart Surgery; Medical University of Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department for Cardiology and Pulmonology; Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Göttingen Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine; University Medical Center; Kiel Germany
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169
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Zhu W, Tsang S, Browe DM, Woo AY, Huang Y, Xu C, Liu JF, Lv F, Zhang Y, Xiao RP. Interaction of β1-adrenoceptor with RAGE mediates cardiomyopathy via CaMKII signaling. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e84969. [PMID: 26966719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.84969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR), a GPCR, and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), have been independently implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy caused by various etiologies, including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and metabolic stress. Here, we show that the two distinctly different receptors, β1AR and RAGE, are mutually dependent in mediating myocardial injury and the sequelae of cardiomyopathy. Deficiency or inhibition of RAGE blocks β1AR- and RAGE-mediated myocardial cell death and maladaptive remodeling. Ablation or blockade of β1AR fully abolishes RAGE-induced detrimental effects. Mechanistically, RAGE and β1AR form a complex, which in turn activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), resulting in loss of cardiomyocytes and myocardial remodeling. These results indicate that RAGE and β1AR not only physically crosstalk at the receptor level, but also functionally converge at the common mediator, CaMKII, highlighting a combined inhibition of RAGE and β1AR as a more effective therapy to treat diverse cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zhu
- Nantong University School of Pharmacy, Nantong, China
| | - Sharon Tsang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Browe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Yh Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and.,Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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170
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Mesubi OO, Anderson ME. Atrial remodelling in atrial fibrillation: CaMKII as a nodal proarrhythmic signal. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:542-57. [PMID: 26762270 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CaMKII is a serine-threonine protein kinase that is abundant in myocardium. Emergent evidence suggests that CaMKII may play an important role in promoting atrial fibrillation (AF) by targeting a diverse array of proteins involved in membrane excitability, cell survival, calcium homeostasis, matrix remodelling, inflammation, and metabolism. Furthermore, CaMKII inhibition appears to protect against AF in animal models and correct proarrhythmic, defective intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in fibrillating human atrial cells. This review considers current concepts and evidence from animal and human studies on the role of CaMKII in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 9026, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 9026, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA Department of Physiology and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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171
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Cui M, Jin L, Wang Y, Lv F, Liu Y, Zheng W, Shang H, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wu H, Guo J, Zhang X, Hu X, Cao CM, Xiao RP. CaMKII is a RIP3 substrate mediating ischemia- and oxidative stress-induced myocardial necroptosis. Nat Med 2016; 22:175-82. [PMID: 26726877 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis are crucially involved in severe cardiac pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. Whereas apoptotic signaling is well defined, the mechanisms that underlie cardiomyocyte necroptosis remain elusive. Here we show that receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) triggers myocardial necroptosis, in addition to apoptosis and inflammation, through activation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) rather than through the well-established RIP3 partners RIP1 and MLKL. In mice, RIP3 deficiency or CaMKII inhibition ameliorates myocardial necroptosis and heart failure induced by ischemia-reperfusion or by doxorubicin treatment. RIP3-induced activation of CaMKII, via phosphorylation or oxidation or both, triggers opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and myocardial necroptosis. These findings identify CaMKII as a new RIP3 substrate and delineate a RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP myocardial necroptosis pathway, a promising target for the treatment of ischemia- and oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Cui
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxiang Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibao Shang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Mei Cao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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172
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Abstract
Stress-response kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in response to the challenge of a myriad of stressors. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and p38 MAPKs are the predominant members of the MAPK family in the heart. Extensive studies have revealed critical roles of activated MAPKs in the processes of cardiac injury and heart failure and many other cardiovascular diseases. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that MAPKs also promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, understanding the functional impact of MAPKs in the heart could shed new light on the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve cardiac function and prevent arrhythmia development in the patients. This review will summarize the recent findings on the role of MAPKs in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia development and point to the critical need of future studies to further elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK activation and arrhythmia development in the heart.
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173
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Zhao F, Fu L, Yang W, Dong Y, Yang J, Sun S, Hou Y. Cardioprotective effects of baicalein on heart failure via modulation of Ca(2+) handling proteins in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2015; 145:213-23. [PMID: 26706290 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Baicalein is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine extracted from Labiatae plants Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi's dry root, which has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the precise mechanism of baicalein against myocardial remodeling remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of baicalein treatment in rats model of heart failure (HF) and rat myocardial cells (H9C2). MAIN METHODS HF model was established by abdominal aorta constriction in rats and incubation with 50μM isoproterenol for 48h in H9C2 cells. Various molecular biological experiments were performed to assess the effects of baicalein on cardiac function, myocardial remodeling, apoptosis and Ca(2+) handling proteins. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, first we found that baicalein alleviated HF in vivo. Additionally, treatment with baicalein inhibited the myocardial fibrosis, restrained the expression and activity of MMP2 and MMP9, and suppressed apoptosis in heart tissue. Moreover, baicalein could inhibit the cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by isoproterenol in vitro. Finally we found that baicalein could modulate the expressions and activities of Ca(2+) handling proteins, including downregulation of phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and expression of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchangers (NCX1), upregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2). Baicalein also restrained the decreased SERCA activity induced by aortic banding. SIGNIFICANCE Our studies suggested that baicalein alleviated myocardial remodeling and improved cardiac function via modulation of Ca(2+) handling proteins, which may be a potential phytochemical flavonoid for therapeutics of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fali Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoubin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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174
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Rajtik T, Carnicka S, Szobi A, Giricz Z, O-Uchi J, Hassova V, Svec P, Ferdinandy P, Ravingerova T, Adameova A. Oxidative activation of CaMKIIδ in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: A role of angiotensin AT1 receptor-NOX2 signaling axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 771:114-22. [PMID: 26694801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During ischemia/reperfusion (IR), increased activation of angiotensin AT1 receptors recruits NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) which contributes to oxidative stress. It is unknown whether this stimulus can induce oxidative activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) leading into the aggravation of cardiac function and whether these effects can be prevented by angiotensin AT1 receptors blockade. Losartan, a selective AT1 blocker, was used. Its effects were compared with effects of KN-93, an inhibitor of CaMKIIδ. Global IR was induced in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and lipoperoxidation was measured by TBARS assay. Losartan improved LVDP recovery by 25%; however, it did not reduce reperfusion arrhythmias. Oxidized CaMKIIδ (oxCaMKIIδ) was downregulated at the end of reperfusion compared to before ischemia and losartan did not change these levels. Phosphorylation of CaMKIIδ mirrored the pattern of changes in oxCaMKIIδ levels. Losartan did not prevent the higher lipoperoxidation due to IR and did not influence NOX2 expression. Inhibition of CaMKII ameliorated cardiac IR injury; however, this was not accompanied with changes in the levels of either active form of CaMKIIδ in comparison to the angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade. In spite of no changes of oxCaMKIIδ, increased cardiac recovery of either therapy was abolished when combined together. This study showed that oxidative activation of CaMKIIδ is not elevated at the end of R phase. NOX2-oxCAMKIIδ signaling is unlikely to be involved in cardioprotective action of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade which is partially abolished by concomitant CaMKII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Slavka Carnicka
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences & Centre of Excellence, SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adrian Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zoltan Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Veronika Hassova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; PharmaHungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences & Centre of Excellence, SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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175
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Yao J, Qin X, Zhu J, Sheng H. Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ Signaling Is Involved in Valsartan Inhibition of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Cardiology 2015; 133:198-204. [PMID: 26619200 DOI: 10.1159/000441695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is known that the expression, activity and alternative splicing of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) are dysregulated in the cardiac remodeling process. Recently, we found a further signaling pathway, by which dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) regulates the alternative splicing of CaMKIIδ via the alternative splicing factor (ASF), i.e., Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ signaling was involved in valsartan inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. METHODS Rats were subjected to two kidney-one clip (2K1C) surgery and then treated with valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Hypertrophic parameter analysis was then performed. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression of Dyrk1A and ASF and RT-PCR was used to analyze the alternative splicing of CaMKIIδ in the left ventricular (LV) sample. RESULTS Valsartan attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in 2K1C rats but without impairment of cardiac systolic function. Increased protein expression of Dyrk1A and decreased protein expression of ASF were observed in the LV sample of 2K1C rats. Treatment of 2K1C rats with valsartan reversed the changes in Dyrk1A and ASF expression in the LV sample. Valsartan adjusted the 2K1C-induced imbalance in alternative splicing of CaMKIIδ by upregulating the mRNA expression of CaMKIIδC and downregulating the mRNA expression of CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδB. CONCLUSIONS Valsartan inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats was mediated, at least partly, by Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKIIδ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
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176
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Bell JR, Raaijmakers AJA, Janssens JV, Delbridge LMD. CaMKIIδand cardiomyocyte Ca2+signalling new perspectives on splice variant targeting. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1327-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R Bell
- Department of Physiology; University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Lea MD Delbridge
- Department of Physiology; University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
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177
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Mollova MY, Katus HA, Backs J. Regulation of CaMKII signaling in cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:178. [PMID: 26379551 PMCID: PMC4548452 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death in the developed countries (Murray and Lopez, 1996; Koitabashi and Kass, 2012). Adverse cardiac remodeling that precedes heart muscle dysfunction is characterized by a myriad of molecular changes affecting the cardiomyocyte. Among these, alterations in protein kinase pathways play often an important mediator role since they link upstream pathologic stress signaling with downstream regulatory programs and thus affect both the structural and functional integrity of the heart muscle. In the context of cardiac disease, a profound understanding for the overriding mechanisms that regulate protein kinase activity (protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, or targeting via anchoring proteins) is crucial for the development of specific and effective pharmacological treatment strategies targeting the failing myocardium. In this review, we focus on several mechanisms of upstream regulation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II that play a relevant pathophysiological role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease; precise targeting of these mechanisms might therefore represent novel and promising tools for prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Y Mollova
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany ; Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, German Center for Cardiovascular Research , Heidelberg, Germany
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178
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Liao RJ, Tong LJ, Huang C, Cao WW, Wang YZ, Wang J, Chen XF, Zhu WZ, Zhang W. Rescue of cardiac failing and remodelling by inhibition of protein phosphatase 1γ is associated with suppression of the alternative splicing factor-mediated splicing of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase δ. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:976-85. [PMID: 25224648 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) exacerbates cardiomyocyte apoptosis through promotion of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase δ (CaMKIIδ) splicing. Here we determine the role of PP1γ in abdominal aorta constriction-induced hypertrophy and remodelling in rat hearts. Systolic blood pressure and echocardiographic measurements were used to evaluate the model of cardiac hypertrophy. Sirius red staining and invasive haemodynamic/cardiac index measurements were used to evaluate the effects of PP1γ or inhibitor 1 of PP1 transfection. Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and co-immunoprecipitation were applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Transfection of PP1γ increased the value of the heart mass index, left ventricular mass index and cardiac fibrosis, and simultaneously decreased the value of maximal left ventricular pressure increase and decline rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, as well as left ventricular systolic pressure. Transfection of inhibitor 1 of PP1, however, showed opposite effects on the aforementioned indexes. Overexpression of PP1γ potentiated CaMKIIδC production and decreased CaMKIIδB production in the hypertrophic heart. In contrast, inhibition of PP1γ re-balanced the CaMKIIδ splicing. Furthermore, CaMKII activity was found to be augmented or attenuated by PP1γ overexpression or inhibition, respectively. Further mechanistic studies showed that abdominal aorta constriction stress specifically increased the association of alternative splicing factor with PP1γ, but not with PP1β. Overexpression of PP1γ, but not inhibitor 1 of PP1, further potentiated this association. These results suggest that PP1γ alters the cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling likely through promotion of the alternative splicing factor-mediated splicing of CaMKIIδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jia Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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179
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Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite medical advances, the dismal prognosis of heart failure has not been improved. The heart is a high energy-demanding organ. Impairments of cardiac energy metabolism and mitochondrial function are intricately linked to cardiac dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and increased oxidative stress in heart failure, and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore triggers cell death and myocardial remodeling. Therefore, there has been growing interest in targeting mitochondria and metabolism for heart failure therapy. Recent developments suggest that mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation modulates the sensitivity of the heart to stress and hence the propensity to heart failure. This article reviews the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure, with a special emphasis on the regulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)/NADH) ratio and sirtuin-dependent lysine acetylation by mitochondrial function. Strategies for targeting NAD(+)-sensitive mechanisms in order to intervene in protein lysine acetylation and, thereby, improve stress tolerance, are described, and their usefulness in heart failure therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fung Lee
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
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180
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Nguyen PK, Wu JC. Large Animal Models of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Are They Enough to Bridge the Translational Gap? J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:666-72. [PMID: 25777782 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S140, Stanford, CA, 94305-5111, USA,
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181
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Mooney L, Skinner M, Coker SJ, Currie S. Effects of acute and chronic sunitinib treatment on cardiac function and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4342-54. [PMID: 26040813 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) is an important regulator of cardiac contractile function and dysfunction and may be an unwanted secondary target for anti-cancer drugs such as sunitinib and imatinib that have been reported to alter cardiac performance. This study aimed to determine whether anti-cancer kinase inhibitors may affect CaMKII activity and expression when administered in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cardiovascular haemodynamics in response to acute and chronic sunitinib treatment, and chronic imatinib treatment, were assessed in guinea pigs and the effects compared with those of the known positive and negative inotropes, isoprenaline and verapamil. Parallel studies from the same animals assessed CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activity following drug treatments. KEY RESULTS Acute administration of sunitinib decreased left ventricular (LV) dP/dtmax. Acute administration of isoprenaline increased LVdP/dtmax dose-dependently, while LVdP/dtmax was decreased by verapamil. CaMKII activity was decreased by acute administration of sunitinib and was increased by acute administration of isoprenaline, and decreased by acute administration of verapamil. CaMKIIδ expression following all acute treatments remained unchanged. Chronic imatinib and sunitinib treatments did not alter fractional shortening; however, both CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activity were significantly increased. Chronic administration of isoprenaline and verapamil decreased LV fractional shortening with parallel increases in CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic sunitinib and imatinib treatment increased CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activity. As these compounds are associated with cardiac dysfunction, increased CaMKII expression could be an early indication of cellular cardiotoxicity marking potential progression of cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mooney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Skinner
- Safety Assessment UK, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
| | - S J Coker
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Currie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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182
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Glynn P, Musa H, Wu X, Unudurthi SD, Little S, Qian L, Wright PJ, Radwanski PB, Gyorke S, Mohler PJ, Hund TJ. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Phosphorylation at Ser571 Regulates Late Current, Arrhythmia, and Cardiac Function In Vivo. Circulation 2015; 132:567-77. [PMID: 26187182 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated Na(+) channels (Nav) are essential for myocyte membrane excitability and cardiac function. Nav current (INa) is a large-amplitude, short-duration spike generated by rapid channel activation followed immediately by inactivation. However, even under normal conditions, a small late component of INa (INa,L) persists because of incomplete/failed inactivation of a subpopulation of channels. Notably, INa,L is directly linked with both congenital and acquired disease states. The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has been identified as an important activator of INa,L in disease. Several potential CaMKII phosphorylation sites have been discovered, including Ser571 in the Nav1.5 DI-DII linker, but the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKII-dependent regulation of INa,L in vivo remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the in vivo role of Ser571, 2 Scn5a knock-in mouse models were generated expressing either: (1) Nav1.5 with a phosphomimetic mutation at Ser571 (S571E), or (2) Nav1.5 with the phosphorylation site ablated (S571A). Electrophysiology studies revealed that Ser571 regulates INa,L but not other channel properties previously linked to CaMKII. Ser571-mediated increases in INa,L promote abnormal repolarization and intracellular Ca(2+) handling and increase susceptibility to arrhythmia at the cellular and animal level. Importantly, Ser571 is required for maladaptive remodeling and arrhythmias in response to pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first in vivo evidence for the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKII activation of the pathogenic INa,L. Relevant for improved rational design of potential therapies, our findings demonstrate that Ser571-dependent regulation of Nav1.5 specifically tunes INa,L without altering critical physiological components of the current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Glynn
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Hassan Musa
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Xiangqiong Wu
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Sathya D Unudurthi
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Sean Little
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Lan Qian
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Patrick J Wright
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Przemyslaw B Radwanski
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Sandor Gyorke
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Peter J Mohler
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.)
| | - Thomas J Hund
- From Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (P.G., H.M., X.W., S.D.U., S.L., L.Q., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M., T.J.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.G., X.W., S.D.U., L.Q., T.J.H.); Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology (H.M., S.L., P.J.W., P.B.R., S.G., P.J.M.) and Internal Medicine (P.J.M., T.J.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.B.R.).
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183
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Abstract
Optimal cardiac function depends on proper timing of excitation and contraction in various regions of the heart, as well as on appropriate heart rate. This is accomplished via specialized electrical properties of various components of the system, including the sinoatrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system, and ventricles. Here we review the major regionally determined electrical properties of these cardiac regions and present the available data regarding the molecular and ionic bases of regional cardiac function and dysfunction. Understanding these differences is of fundamental importance for the investigation of arrhythmia mechanisms and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bartos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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184
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Weinreuter M, Kreusser MM, Beckendorf J, Schreiter FC, Leuschner F, Lehmann LH, Hofmann KP, Rostosky JS, Diemert N, Xu C, Volz HC, Jungmann A, Nickel A, Sticht C, Gretz N, Maack C, Schneider MD, Gröne HJ, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Backs J. CaM Kinase II mediates maladaptive post-infarct remodeling and pro-inflammatory chemoattractant signaling but not acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1231-45. [PMID: 25193973 PMCID: PMC4287929 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201403848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII was suggested to mediate ischemic myocardial injury and adverse cardiac remodeling. Here, we investigated the roles of different CaMKII isoforms and splice variants in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by the use of new genetic CaMKII mouse models. Although CaMKIIδC was upregulated 1 day after I/R injury, cardiac damage 1 day after I/R was neither affected in CaMKIIδ-deficient mice, CaMKIIδ-deficient mice in which the splice variants CaMKIIδB and C were re-expressed, nor in cardiomyocyte-specific CaMKIIδ/γ double knockout mice (DKO). In contrast, 5 weeks after I/R, DKO mice were protected against extensive scar formation and cardiac dysfunction, which was associated with reduced leukocyte infiltration and attenuated expression of members of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand family, in particular CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, MIP-1α). Intriguingly, CaMKII was sufficient and required to induce CCL3 expression in isolated cardiomyocytes, indicating a cardiomyocyte autonomous effect. We propose that CaMKII-dependent chemoattractant signaling explains the effects on post-I/R remodeling. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaMKII is not critically involved in acute I/R-induced damage but in the process of post-infarct remodeling and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weinreuter
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael M Kreusser
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Beckendorf
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike C Schreiter
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H Lehmann
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai P Hofmann
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia S Rostosky
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Diemert
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chang Xu
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Volz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Cardiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Schneider
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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185
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Grimm M, Ling H, Willeford A, Pereira L, Gray CBB, Erickson JR, Sarma S, Respress JL, Wehrens XHT, Bers DM, Brown JH. CaMKIIδ mediates β-adrenergic effects on RyR2 phosphorylation and SR Ca(2+) leak and the pathophysiological response to chronic β-adrenergic stimulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:282-91. [PMID: 26080362 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated in the deleterious effects of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling on the heart, in part, by enhancing RyR2-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) leak. We used CaMKIIδ knockout (CaMKIIδ-KO) mice and knock-in mice with an inactivated CaMKII site S2814 on the ryanodine receptor type 2 (S2814A) to investigate the involvement of these processes in β-AR signaling and cardiac remodeling. Langendorff-perfused hearts from CaMKIIδ-KO mice showed inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoproterenol (ISO) that were similar to those of wild type (WT) mice; however, in CaMKIIδ-KO mice, CaMKII phosphorylation of phospholamban and RyR2 was decreased and isolated myocytes from CaMKIIδ-KO mice had reduced SR Ca(2+) leak in response to isoproterenol (ISO). Chronic catecholamine stress with ISO induced comparable increases in relative heart weight and other measures of hypertrophy from day 9 through week 4 in WT and CaMKIIδ-KO mice, but the development of cardiac fibrosis was prevented in CaMKIIδ-KO animals. A 4-week challenge with ISO resulted in reduced cardiac function and pulmonary congestion in WT, but not in CaMKIIδ-KO or S2814A mice, implicating CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814 in the cardiomyopathy, independent of hypertrophy, induced by prolonged β-AR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Haiyun Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Willeford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B B Gray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Satyam Sarma
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan L Respress
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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186
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Guo X, Shang J, Deng Y, Yuan X, Zhu D, Liu H. Alterations in left ventricular function during intermittent hypoxia: Possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:150-8. [PMID: 25936416 PMCID: PMC4494595 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoxia [intermittent hypoxia (IH)], has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins has important regulatory implications on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we examined the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac architecture and left ventricular function following IH. Rats were randomly assigned to a normoxia and IH group (2 min 21% O2; 2 min 6–8% O2). Left ventricular function, myocardial morphology and the levels of signaling molecules were then measured. IH induced a significant increase in blood pressure, associated with a gradually abnormal myocardial architecture. The rats exposed to 2 or 3 weeks of IH presented with augmented left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which declined at week 4. Consistently, the O-GlcNAc protein and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels in the left ventricular tissues steadily increased following IH, reaching peak levels at week 3. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation levels were affected in an opposite manner. The phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) remained unaltered. In parallel, compared with exposure to normoxia, 4 weeks of IH augmented the O-GlcNAc protein, OGT, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK levels, accompanied by a decrease in OGA levels and an increase in the levels of myocardial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our suggest a possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling in the alterations of left ventricular function and cardiac injury following IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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187
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Herren AW, Weber DM, Rigor RR, Margulies KB, Phinney BS, Bers DM. CaMKII Phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5: Novel in Vitro Sites Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Reduced S516 Phosphorylation in Human Heart Failure. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2298-311. [PMID: 25815641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Na(V)1.5, drives the upstroke of the cardiac action potential and is a critical determinant of myocyte excitability. Recently, calcium (Ca(2+))/calmodulin(CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as a critical regulator of Na(V)1.5 function through phosphorylation of multiple residues including S516, T594, and S571, and these phosphorylation events may be important for the genesis of acquired arrhythmias, which occur in heart failure. However, phosphorylation of full-length human Na(V)1.5 has not been systematically analyzed and Na(V)1.5 phosphorylation in human heart failure is incompletely understood. In the present study, we used label-free mass spectrometry to assess phosphorylation of human Na(V)1.5 purified from HEK293 cells with full coverage of phosphorylatable sites and identified 23 sites that were phosphorylated by CaMKII in vitro. We confirmed phosphorylation of S516 and S571 by LC-MS/MS and found a decrease in S516 phosphorylation in human heart failure, using a novel phospho-specific antibody. This work furthers our understanding of the phosphorylation of Na(V)1.5 by CaMKII under normal and disease conditions, provides novel CaMKII target sites for functional validation, and provides the first phospho-proteomic map of full-length human Na(V)1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Herren
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darren M Weber
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Robert R Rigor
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- ∥Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- §UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Donald M Bers
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Genome Building 3513, Davis, California 95616, United States
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188
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Lai NC, Gao MH, Giamouridis D, Suarez J, Miyanohara A, Parikh J, Hightower S, Guo T, Dillmann W, Kim YC, Diaz-Juarez J, Hammond HK. Intravenous AAV8 Encoding Urocortin-2 Increases Function of the Failing Heart in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:347-56. [PMID: 25760560 PMCID: PMC4492611 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urocortin-2 (UCn2) peptide infusion increases cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but chronic peptide infusion is cumbersome, is costly, and provides only short-term benefits. Gene transfer would circumvent these shortcomings. We previously showed that a single intravenous (IV) injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases plasma UCn2 and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function for at least 7 months in normal mice. Here we test the hypothesis that IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. Myocardial infarction (MI, by coronary ligation) was used to induce heart failure, which was assessed by echocardiography 3 weeks after MI. Mice with LV ejection fraction (EF) <25% received IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 (5×1011 gc) or saline, and 5 weeks later echocardiography showed increased LV EF in mice that received UCn2 gene transfer (p=0.01). In vivo physiological studies showed a 2-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure development (LV +dP/dt; p<0.0001) and a 1.6-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure decay (LV −dP/dt; p=0.0007), indicating increased LV systolic and diastolic function in treated mice. UCn2 gene transfer was associated with increased peak systolic Ca2+ transient amplitude and rate of Ca2+ decline and increased SERCA2a expression. In addition, UCn2 gene transfer reduced Thr286 phosphorylation of Cam kinase II, and increased expression of cardiac myosin light chain kinase, findings that would be anticipated to increase function of the failing heart. We conclude that a single IV injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. The simplicity of IV injection of a vector encoding a gene with beneficial paracrine effects to increase cardiac function is an attractive potential clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chin Lai
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jorge Suarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jay Parikh
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Stephen Hightower
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Tracy Guo
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Wolfgang Dillmann
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
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189
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Kim JO, Song DW, Kwon EJ, Hong SE, Song HK, Min CK, Kim DH. miR-185 plays an anti-hypertrophic role in the heart via multiple targets in the calcium-signaling pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122509. [PMID: 25767890 PMCID: PMC4358957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous non-coding RNA species that either inhibits RNA translation or promotes degradation of target mRNAs. miRNAs often regulate cellular signaling by targeting multiple genes within the pathways. In the present study, using Gene Set Analysis, a useful bioinformatics tool to identify miRNAs with multiple target genes in the same pathways, we identified miR-185 as a key candidate regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Using a mouse model, we found that miR-185 was significantly down-regulated in myocardial cells during cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction. To confirm that miR-185 is an anti-hypertrophic miRNA, genetic manipulation studies such as overexpression and knock-down of miR-185 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were conducted. The results showed that up-regulation of miR-185 led to anti-hypertrophic effects, while down-regulation led to pro-hypertrophic effects, suggesting that miR-185 has an anti-hypertrophic role in the heart. Our study further identified Camk2d, Ncx1, and Nfatc3 as direct targets of miR-185. The activity of Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (NFAT) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) was negatively regulated by miR-185 as assessed by NFAT-luciferase activity and western blotting. The expression of phospho-phospholamban (Thr-17), a marker of CaMKIIδ activity, was also significantly reduced by miR-185. In conclusion, miR-185 effectively blocked cardiac hypertrophy signaling through multiple targets, rendering it a potential drug target for diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ock Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Song
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Eui Hong
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Choon Kee Min
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Do Han Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
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190
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Regulation of the cardiac Na+ channel NaV1.5 by post-translational modifications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:36-47. [PMID: 25748040 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel, Na(V)1.5, is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cardiomyocytes and for efficient propagation of the electrical impulse in the myocardium. Even subtle alterations of Na(V)1.5 function, as caused by mutations in its gene SCN5A, may lead to many different arrhythmic phenotypes in carrier patients. In addition, acquired malfunctions of Na(V)1.5 that are secondary to cardiac disorders such as heart failure and cardiomyopathies, may also play significant roles in arrhythmogenesis. While it is clear that the regulation of Na(V)1.5 protein expression and function tightly depends on genetic mechanisms, recent studies have demonstrated that Na(V)1.5 is the target of various post-translational modifications that are pivotal not only in physiological conditions, but also in disease. In this review, we examine the recent literature demonstrating glycosylation, phosphorylation by Protein Kinases A and C, Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein Kinase II, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinases, Fyn and Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase, methylation, acetylation, redox modifications, and ubiquitylation of Na(V)1.5. Modern and sensitive mass spectrometry approaches, applied directly to channel proteins that were purified from native cardiac tissues, have enabled the determination of the precise location of post-translational modification sites, thus providing essential information for understanding the mechanistic details of these regulations. The current challenge is first, to understand the roles of these modifications on the expression and the function of Na(V)1.5, and second, to further identify other chemical modifications. It is postulated that the diversity of phenotypes observed with Na(V)1.5-dependent disorders may partially arise from the complex post-translational modifications of channel protein components.
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191
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Abstract
Heart failure is a global problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million patients worldwide, a number that is increasing with the ageing of the population. It is the most common diagnosis in patients aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital and in high-income nations. Despite some progress, the prognosis of heart failure is worse than that of most cancers. Because of the seriousness of the condition, a declaration of war on five fronts has been proposed for heart failure. Efforts are underway to treat heart failure by enhancing myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+); transfer of the gene for SERCA2a, the protein that pumps calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cardiomyocyte, seems promising in a phase 2 trial. Several other abnormal calcium-handling proteins in the failing heart are candidates for gene therapy; many short, non-coding RNAs--ie, microRNAs (miRNAs)--block gene expression and protein translation. These molecules are crucial to calcium cycling and ventricular hypertrophy. The actions of miRNAs can be blocked by a new class of drugs, antagomirs, some of which have been shown to improve cardiac function in animal models of heart failure; cell therapy, with autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, or autogenous mesenchymal cells, which can be administered as cryopreserved off the shelf products, seem to be promising in both preclinical and early clinical heart failure trials; and long-term ventricular assistance devices are now used increasingly as a destination therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. In selected patients, left ventricular assistance can lead to myocardial recovery and explantation of the device. The approaches to the treatment of heart failure described, when used alone or in combination, could become important weapons in the war against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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192
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Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR. Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1401-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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193
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Ai X. SR calcium handling dysfunction, stress-response signaling pathways, and atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25745402 PMCID: PMC4333799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. It is associated with a markedly increased risk of premature death due to embolic stroke and also complicates co-existing cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. The prevalence of AF increases dramatically with age, and aging has been shown to be an independent risk of AF. Due to an aging population in the world, a growing body of AF patients are suffering a diminished quality of life and causing an associated economic burden. However, effective pharmacologic treatments and prevention strategies are lacking due to a poor understanding of the molecular and electrophysiologic mechanisms of AF in the failing and/or aged heart. Recent studies suggest that altered atrial calcium handling contributes to the onset and maintenance of AF. Here we review the role of stress-response kinases and calcium handling dysfunction in AF genesis in the aged and failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Maywood, IL, USA
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194
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Weeland CJ, van den Hoogenhof MM, Beqqali A, Creemers EE. Insights into alternative splicing of sarcomeric genes in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:107-13. [PMID: 25683494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Driven by rapidly evolving technologies in next-generation sequencing, alternative splicing has emerged as a crucial layer in gene expression, greatly expanding protein diversity and governing complex biological processes in the cardiomyocyte. At the core of cardiac contraction, the physical properties of the sarcomere are carefully orchestrated through alternative splicing to fit the varying demands on the heart. By the recent discovery of RBM20 and RBM24, two major heart and skeletal muscle-restricted splicing factors, it became evident that alternative splicing events in the heart occur in regulated networks rather than in isolated events. Analysis of knockout mice of these splice factors has shed light on the importance of these fundamental processes in the heart. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role and regulation of alternative splicing in the developing and diseased heart, specifically within the sarcomere. Through various examples (titin, myomesin, troponin T, tropomyosin and LDB3) we illustrate how alternative splicing regulates the functional properties of the sarcomere. Finally, we evaluate opportunities and obstacles to modulate alternative splicing in therapeutic approaches for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Weeland
- Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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196
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Abstract
cAMP production and protein kinase A (PKA) are the most widely studied steps in β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in the heart; however, the multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is also activated in response to βAR stimulation and is involved in the regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Its activity and expression are increased during cardiac hypertrophy, in heart failure, and under conditions that promote arrhythmias both in animal models and in the human heart, underscoring the clinical relevance of CaMKII in cardiac pathophysiology. Both CaMKII and PKA phosphorylate a number of protein targets critical for Ca(2+) handling and contraction with similar, but not always identical, functional consequences. How these two pathways communicate with each other remains incompletely understood, however. To maintain homeostasis, cyclic nucleotide levels are regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), with PDE4s predominantly responsible for cAMP degradation in the rodent heart. Here we have reassessed the interaction between cAMP/PKA and Ca(2+)/CaMKII signaling. We demonstrate that CaMKII activity constrains basal and βAR-activated cAMP levels. Moreover, we show that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by CaMKII regulation of PDE4D. This regulation establishes a negative feedback loop necessary to maintain cAMP/CaMKII homeostasis, revealing a previously unidentified function for PDE4D as a critical integrator of cAMP/PKA and Ca(2+)/CaMKII signaling.
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197
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Bell JR, Raaijmakers AJ, Curl CL, Reichelt ME, Harding TW, Bei A, Ng DC, Erickson JR, Vila Petroff M, Harrap SB, Delbridge LM. Cardiac CaMKIIδ splice variants exhibit target signaling specificity and confer sex-selective arrhythmogenic actions in the ischemic-reperfused heart. Int J Cardiol 2015; 181:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kobayashi S, Susa T, Ishiguchi H, Myoren T, Murakami W, Kato T, Fukuda M, Hino A, Suetomi T, Ono M, Uchinoumi H, Tateishi H, Mochizuki M, Oda T, Okuda S, Doi M, Yamamoto T, Yano M. A low-dose β1-blocker in combination with milrinone improves intracellular Ca2+ handling in failing cardiomyocytes by inhibition of milrinone-induced diastolic Ca2+ leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114314. [PMID: 25614983 PMCID: PMC4304815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adding a low-dose β1-blocker to milrinone improves cardiac function in failing cardiomyocytes and the underlying cardioprotective mechanism. BACKGROUND The molecular mechanism underlying how the combination of low-dose β1-blocker and milrinone affects intracellular Ca(2+) handling in heart failure remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the effect of milrinone plus landiolol on intracellular Ca(2+) transient (CaT), cell shortening (CS), the frequency of diastolic Ca(2+) sparks (CaSF), and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentration ({Ca(2+)}SR) in normal and failing canine cardiomyocytes and used immunoblotting to determine the phosphorylation level of ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLB). RESULTS In failing cardiomyocytes, CaSF significantly increased, and peak CaT and CS markedly decreased compared with normal myocytes. Administration of milrinone alone slightly increased peak CaT and CS, while CaSF greatly increased with a slight increase in {Ca(2+)}SR. Co-administration of β1-blocker landiolol to failing cardiomyocytes at a dose that does not inhibit cardiomyocyte function significantly decreased CaSF with a further increase in {Ca(2+)}SR, and peak CaT and CS improved compared with milrinone alone. Landiolol suppressed the hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 (Ser2808) in failing cardiomyocytes but had no effect on levels of phosphorylated PLB (Ser16 and Thr17). Low-dose landiolol significantly inhibited the alternans of CaT and CS under a fixed pacing rate (0.5 Hz) in failing cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION A low-dose β1-blocker in combination with milrinone improved cardiac function in failing cardiomyocytes, apparently by inhibiting the phosphorylation of RyR2, not PLB, and subsequent diastolic Ca(2+) leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takehisa Susa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiguchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeki Myoren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Wakako Murakami
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suetomi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Makoto Ono
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tateishi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mochizuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masahiro Doi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Westenbrink BD, Ling H, Divakaruni AS, Gray CBB, Zambon AC, Dalton ND, Peterson KL, Gu Y, Matkovich SJ, Murphy AN, Miyamoto S, Dorn GW, Heller Brown J. Mitochondrial reprogramming induced by CaMKIIδ mediates hypertrophy decompensation. Circ Res 2015; 116:e28-39. [PMID: 25605649 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sustained activation of Gαq transgenic (Gq) signaling during pressure overload causes cardiac hypertrophy that ultimately progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. The molecular events that drive hypertrophy decompensation are incompletely understood. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) is activated downstream of Gq, and overexpression of Gq and CaMKIIδ recapitulates hypertrophy decompensation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether CaMKIIδ contributes to hypertrophy decompensation provoked by Gq. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with Gq mice, compound Gq/CaMKIIδ knockout mice developed a similar degree of cardiac hypertrophy but exhibited significantly improved left ventricular function, less cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and fewer ventricular arrhythmias. Markers of oxidative stress were elevated in mitochondria from Gq versus wild-type mice and respiratory rates were lower; these changes in mitochondrial function were restored by CaMKIIδ deletion. Gq-mediated increases in mitochondrial oxidative stress, compromised membrane potential, and cell death were recapitulated in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes infected with constitutively active Gq and attenuated by CaMKII inhibition. Deep RNA sequencing revealed altered expression of 41 mitochondrial genes in Gq hearts, with normalization of ≈40% of these genes by CaMKIIδ deletion. Uncoupling protein 3 was markedly downregulated in Gq or by Gq expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and reversed by CaMKIIδ deletion or inhibition, as was peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. The protective effects of CaMKIIδ inhibition on reactive oxygen species generation and cell death were abrogated by knock down of uncoupling protein 3. Conversely, restoration of uncoupling protein 3 expression attenuated reactive oxygen species generation and cell death induced by CaMKIIδ. Our in vivo studies further demonstrated that pressure overload induced decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and uncoupling protein 3, increases in mitochondrial protein oxidation, and hypertrophy decompensation, which were attenuated by CaMKIIδ deletion. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial gene reprogramming induced by CaMKIIδ emerges as an important mechanism contributing to mitotoxicity in decompensating hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Daan Westenbrink
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Haiyun Ling
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Charles B B Gray
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Yusu Gu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Scot J Matkovich
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Anne N Murphy
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- From the Department of Pharmacology (B.D.W., H.L., A.S.D., C.B.B.G., A.C.Z., A.N.M., J.H.B.), Department of Medicine (N.D.D., K.L.P., Y.G.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (C.B.B.G.), University of California San Diego; School of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (S.J.M., G.W.D.); Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Unversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (B.D.W.)
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Hund TJ, Mohler PJ. Role of CaMKII in cardiac arrhythmias. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:392-7. [PMID: 25577293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a central mechanism in vertebrates for the regulation of signaling. With regard to the cardiovascular system, phosphorylation of myocyte targets is critical for the regulation of excitation contraction coupling, metabolism, intracellular calcium regulation, mitochondrial activity, transcriptional regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. In fact, pathways that tune protein kinase signaling have been a mainstay for cardiovascular therapies for the past 60 years. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase with numerous roles in human physiology. Dysfunction in CaMKII-based signaling has been linked with a host of cardiovascular phenotypes including heart failure and arrhythmia, and CaMKII levels are elevated in human and animal disease models of heart disease. While nearly a decade has been invested in targeting CaMKII for the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmia phenotypes, to date, approaches to target the molecule for antiarrhythmic benefit have been unsuccessful for reasons that are still not entirely clear, although (1) lack of compound specificity and (2) the multitude of downstream targets are likely contributing factors. This review will provide an update on current pathways regulated by CaMKII with the goal of illustrating potential upstream regulatory mechanisms and downstream targets that may be modulated for the prevention of cardiac electrical defects. While the review will cover multiple aspects of CaMKII dysfunction in cardiovascular disease, we have given special attention to the potential of CaMKII-associated late Na(+) current as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hund
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter J Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
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