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Mercado-Lubo R, Yarzebski J, Lessard D, Gore J, Goldberg RJ. Changing Trends in the Landscape of Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2001 to 2011) (from the Worcester Heart Attack Study). Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:673-677. [PMID: 31924320 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, new diagnostic tools, interventional approaches, and population-wide changes in the major coronary risk factors have taken place. However, few studies have examined relatively recent trends in the demographic characteristics, clinical profile, and the short-term outcomes of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation. We examined decade long trends (2001 to 2011) in patient's demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment practices, and hospital outcomes among residents of the Worcester metropolitan area hospitalized with an initial AMI (n = 3,730) at all 11 greater Worcester medical centers during 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. The average age of the study population was 68.5 years and 56.9% were men. Patients hospitalized with a first AMI during the most recent study years were significantly younger (mean age = 69.9 years in 2001/2003; 65.2 years in 2009/2011), had lower serum troponin levels, and experienced a shorter hospital stay compared with patients hospitalized during the earliest study years. Hospitalized patients were more likely to received evidence-based medical management practices over the decade long period under study. Multivariable-adjusted regression models showed a considerable decline over time in the hospital death rate and a significant reduction in the proportion of patients who developed atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and ventricular fibrillation during their acute hospitalization. These results highlight the changing nature of patients hospitalized with an incident AMI, and reinforce the need for surveillance of AMI at the community level.
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152
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Halldin AK, Lissner L, Lernfelt B, Björkelund C. Impact of changes in physical activity or BMI on risk of heart failure in women - the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020; 38:56-65. [PMID: 32003301 PMCID: PMC7054912 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1717083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To longitudinally evaluate the impact of change in physical activity or change in body mass index (BMI) over time on the risk of developing heart failure (HF) in women without a previous diagnosis of HF.Design and setting: Longitudinal, observational, prospective study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Data on BMI and level of physical activity were collected from examinations 1968-1992 and hospital diagnoses and mortality data were ascertained from 1980 to 2012.Subjects: Data were obtained from 1749 women included in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg.Main outcome measures: Hazard ratio (HR) for HF was calculated, using a Cox regression model.Results: Women with stable high physical activity during 1968-1980 and 1980-1992 reduced their risk of subsequent HF compared to the non-active women (for 1968-1980 HR 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.44-0.99 and for 1980-1992 HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.74). Women with increasing levels of physical activity during 1980-1992 reduced their risk of HF compared to the non-active women (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.72). Increase in BMI from overweight to obesity during 1968-1980 predicted increased risk of developing HF (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.18-3.14).Conclusions: Reduced risk of future HF in healthy women may be achieved by remaining physically active from young middle age and throughout life or by increasing the level of physical activity. This is particularly important for sedentary women in middle age. The role of physical activity in preventing the development of obesity must be taken into account.Key pointsA sedentary lifestyle and obesity are risk factors for developing heart failure (HF) in women.The risk of developing HF may be reduced by increasing the level of activity in sedentary middle-aged women.For younger women, avoiding obesity is most important to reduce the risk of later HF.Primary care has a key role in guiding women towards the most effective lifestyle changes to prevent development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Halldin
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
- CONTACT Anna-Karin Halldin Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 454, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Bodil Lernfelt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Björkelund
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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153
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Sun X, Wang D, Zhang T, Lu X, Duan F, Ju L, Zhuang X, Jiang X. Eugenol Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:84. [PMID: 32153404 PMCID: PMC7047211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol, as an active compound isolated from Acorus gramineus, has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nonetheless, the detailed neuroprotective mechanisms of eugenol in cerebral I/R injury have not been elaborated. In the present study, cerebral I/R injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. HT22 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. The results showed that eugenol pre-treatment relieved cerebral I/R injury as evidenced by improving neurological deficits and reducing infarct volume. Autophagy was induced by MCAO, which was further promoted by eugenol administration. Moreover, rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, promoted eugenol-induced decreases in neurological score, infarct volume, brain water content, and apoptosis. However, pretreatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, led to the opposite results. Similarly, eugenol pretreatment increased the viability and restrained apoptosis of OGD/R-challenged HT22 cells. OGD/R-induced autophagy was strengthened by eugenol. Mechanically, eugenol promoted autophagy through regulating AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, pretreatment with eugenol attenuated cerebral I/R injury by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejian Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Ju
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhuang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Clinical Foundation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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154
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Megna R, Petretta M, Alfano B, Cantoni V, Green R, Daniele S, Acampa W, Nappi C, Gaudieri V, Assante R, Zampella E, Mazziotti E, Mannarino T, Buongiorno P, Cuocolo A. A New Relational Database Including Clinical Data and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Findings in Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:661-671. [PMID: 32008514 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180807110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test a relational database including clinical data and imaging findings in a large cohort of subjects with suspected or known Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) undergoing stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging. METHODS We developed a relational database including clinical and imaging data of 7995 subjects with suspected or known CAD. The software system was implemented by PostgreSQL 9.2, an open source object-relational database, and managed from remote by pgAdmin III. Data were arranged according to a logic of aggregation and stored in a schema with twelve tables. Statistical software was connected to the database directly downloading data from server to local personal computer. RESULTS There was no problem or anomaly for database implementation and user connections to the database. The epidemiological analysis performed on data stored in the database demonstrated abnormal SPECT findings in 46% of male subjects and 19% of female subjects. Imaging findings suggest that the use of SPECT imaging in our laboratory is appropriate. CONCLUSION The development of a relational database provides a free software tool for the storage and management of data in line with the current standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Megna
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Petretta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Alfano
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cantoni
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Green
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Daniele
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Acampa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Nappi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Gaudieri
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Assante
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Zampella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazziotti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Mannarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Buongiorno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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155
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Yao Q, Liu Z, Yao A, Liu J, Jiang J, Chen Y, Li S, Han Y, Jiang Z, Qi Y. Circular RNA circTET3 mediates migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting miR‐351‐5p. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6831-6842. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Ai‐Hong Yao
- Institute of Embedded Computing and IoT, College of Computer Science and TechnologyHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin China
| | - Ji‐Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Surgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Shan‐Shan Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Zong‐Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
| | - Ying‐Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai China
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156
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Afra S, Matin MM. Potential of mesenchymal stem cells for bioengineered blood vessels in comparison with other eligible cell sources. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:1-13. [PMID: 31897835 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Application of stem cells in tissue engineering has proved to be effective in many cases due to great proliferation and differentiation potentials as well as possible paracrine effects of these cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized as a valuable source for vascular tissue engineering, which requires endothelial and perivascular cells. The goal of this review is to survey the potential of MSCs for engineering functional blood vessels in comparison with other cell types including bone marrow mononuclear cells, endothelial precursor cells, differentiated adult autologous smooth muscle cells, autologous endothelial cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In conclusion, MSCs represent a preference in making autologous tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) as well as off-the-shelf TEVGs for emergency vascular surgery cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simindokht Afra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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157
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Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Reduces Neurodegeneration in Stroke Brain. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1001-1011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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158
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Rakkar K, Othman O, Sprigg N, Bath P, Bayraktutan U. Endothelial progenitor cells, potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke: protocol for an observational case-control study. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1300-1307. [PMID: 31960816 PMCID: PMC7047808 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.269028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating, life altering event which can severely reduce patient quality of life. Despite years of research there have been minimal therapeutic advances. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), stem cells involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, may be a potential therapeutic target. After a stroke, EPCs migrate to the site of ischemic injury to repair cerebrovascular damage, and their numbers and functional capacity may determine patients’ outcome. This study aims to determine whether the number of circulating EPCs and their functional aspects may be used as biomarkers to identify the type (cortical or lacunar) and/or severity of ischemic stroke. The study will also investigate if there are any differences in these characteristics between healthy volunteers over and under 65 years of age. 100 stroke patients (50 lacunar and 50 cortical strokes) will be recruited in this prospective, observational case-controlled study. Blood samples will be taken from stroke patients at baseline (within 48 hours of stroke) and days 7, 30 and 90. EPCs will be counted with flow cytometry. The plasma levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines will also be determined. Outgrowth endothelial cells will be cultured to be used in tube formation, migration and proliferation functional assays. Primary outcome is disability or dependence on day 90 after stroke, assessed by the modified Rankin Scale. Secondary outcomes are changes in circulating EPC numbers and/or functional capacity between patient and healthy volunteers, between patient subgroups and between elderly and young healthy volunteers. Recruitment started in February 2017, 167 participants have been recruited. Recruitment will end in November 2019. West Midlands - Coventry & Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee approved this study (REC number: 16/WM/0304) on September 8, 2016. Protocol version: 2.0. The Bayraktutan Dunhill Medical Trust EPC Study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02980354) on November 15, 2016. This study will determine whether the number of EPCs can be used as a prognostic or diagnostic marker for ischemic strokes and is a step towards discovering if transplantation of EPCs may aid patient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Rakkar
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Othman Othman
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Philip Bath
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, NG5 1PB, UK
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159
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Lindberg NM, Vega-López S, LeBlanc ES, Leo MC, Stevens VJ, Gille S, Arias-Gastelum M, Meenan R. Lessons Learned From a Program to Reduce Diabetes Risk Among Low-Income Hispanic Women in a Community Health Clinic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489882. [PMID: 33488511 PMCID: PMC7821047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.489882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Look AHEAD studies demonstrated that modest weight loss and increased physical activity can significantly reduce the incidence of diabetes among overweight individuals with prediabetes. However, these studies involved costly interventions, all of which are beyond the reach of most real-world settings serving high-risk, low-income populations. Our project, De Por Vida, implemented a diabetes risk-reduction intervention for Hispanic women in a Federally Qualified Health Center and assessed the program's efficacy. This report describes the methodology used to develop and implement De Por Vida, the cultural adaptations made, the community-academic partnership formed to carry out this program, and the barriers and challenges encountered through the implementation process. METHODS Our goal was to translate the DPP and Look AHEAD programs into an intervention to prevent diabetes and reduce diabetes complications among high-risk Hispanic women at a federally qualified health center in Hillsboro, Oregon, where more than half of clinic patients are Spanish-speaking, and nearly all live in poverty. This randomized clinical trial targeted overweight Spanish-speaking women at risk for, or diagnosed with, type 2 diabetes. We developed a 12-month behavioral diabetes risk-reduction intervention that was responsive to the cultural practices of the Hispanic population and that could be implemented in low-income clinical settings. Study planning and implementation involved close collaboration among the clinic leadership, a research team from the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, and Arizona State University. DISCUSSION Creating a fully informed partnership between research and clinical institutions is the first step in successful cooperative research projects. The adoption of a bidirectional, rather than a top-down, approach to communication between researchers and health-care providers, and between clinic management and the clinic frontline staff, gave the research study team crucial information about barriers, constraints, and needs that clinic staff experienced in implementing the program. This allowed clinic management and front-line clinic staff to play an active role in study implementation, identifying problem areas, and collaborating in finding practical solutions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03113916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nangel M. Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Nangel M. Lindberg,
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Erin S. LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Victor J. Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sara Gille
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Richard Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
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160
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Ko SM, Kim TH, Chun EJ, Kim JY, Hwang SH. Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Diseases with Cardiac Computed Tomography. Korean J Radiol 2019; 20:333-351. [PMID: 30799565 PMCID: PMC6389818 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in cardiac computed tomography (CT) have enabled the characterization of left ventricular (LV) myocardial diseases based on LV anatomical morphology, function, density, and enhancement pattern. Global LV function and regional wall motion can be evaluated using multi-phasic cine CT images. CT myocardial perfusion imaging facilitates the identification of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. CT delayed-enhancement imaging is used to detect myocardial scar in myocardial infarction and to measure the extracellular volume fraction in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multi-energy cardiac CT allows the mapping of iodine distribution in the myocardium. This review summarizes the current techniques of cardiac CT for LV myocardial assessment, highlights the key findings in various myocardial diseases, and presents future applications to complement echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Ko
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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161
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Li Y, Xiaoqing J, Xinhua T, Xiaoling S, Xiaoling X, Wei Y, Zengwu W, Xin W, Pinpin Z, Jing Y. Effects of a comprehensive intervention on hypertension control in Chinese employees working in universities based on mixed models. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19187. [PMID: 31844146 PMCID: PMC6914772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive intensive intervention for hypertension patients working in universities or colleges. From July 2015 to March in 2016, 220 hypertension subjects were recruited, with 165 cases in intensive intervention group and 55 in standard intervention group. After 24 months of intervention, 208 ones including of 157 in intensive intervention group and 51 in standard intervention group were included in the final analysis. The patients in standard intervention group were given routine intervention, which mainly including of drug treatment and health education. The patients in intervention group were given comprehensive intensive intervention in addition to routine intervention, including follow-up management of hypertension, emotional, lifestyle intervention and else. The study and experimental protocols were approved by institutional review board of Zhejiang Hospital and Fu Wai Hospital and registered (ChiCTR-ECS-14004641, date of registration: May 8, 2014). After 2 years, compared with the standard intervention group, SBP/DBP in the intensive intervention group decreased by 3.7/4 mmHg and BP control rate increased by 8.9%, and the unhealthy behaviors and life quality including tension and pressure were also improved in the intensive intervention group. We used mixed effect model to analyze the intervention effect which could solve the problems of missing values and correlation. The intensive intervention of hypertension control including follow-up management, emotional and lifestyle intervention in occupational places could promote the development of the prevention, treatment and control of hypertension among staff in colleges and universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xiaoqing
- Chinese Acupuncture Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Tang Xinhua
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Shou Xiaoling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xu Xiaoling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Wang Zengwu
- Department of Community Prevention and Control, National Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, BeiJing, 102308, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Department of Community Prevention and Control, National Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, BeiJing, 102308, China
| | - Zheng Pinpin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yan Jing
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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162
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Kim EJ, Parker VA, Liebschutz JM, Conigliaro J, DeGeorge J, Hanchate AD. Association Between Ambulatory Care Utilization and Coronary Artery Disease Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013372. [PMID: 31779562 PMCID: PMC6912984 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease is common, and there exist disparities in management and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between ambulatory care utilizations and inpatient acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality. Methods and Results This is a retrospective analysis of a stratified national sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees aged 66 years and older from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011. We measured both number of ambulatory visits and presence of ambulatory cardiac tests. The primary outcome was inpatient AMI mortality. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we estimated the association between ambulatory care utilization and the main patient outcomes, adjusting for patient‐ and area‐level demographic, geographical, and clinical characteristics. We found that a significantly lower percentage of Hispanics and Asians, relative to whites, had frequent ambulatory care visits. Among the largest 4 race/ethnic groups, Asians had the highest observed inpatient mortality rate (15.9%). Overall, low ambulatory utilization was associated with higher odds (odds ratio=1.85 [95% confidence interval: 1.11‐3.08]), and ambulatory cardiac testing was associated with lower odds (odds ratio=0.73 [0.55‐0.95]) of inpatient AMI mortality, after adjustment for covariates. Asians had higher odds of inpatient AMI mortality even after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions Among Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees, Hispanics and Asians had lower rates of ambulatory care visits, and all minority groups had higher odds of hospitalization for AMI. Ambulatory care utilization, including both ambulatory clinic visits and outpatient cardiac tests, were associated with AMI mortality. Further research is needed to understand the causal relationship between ambulatory care utilization and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Division of General Internal Medicine Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Lake Success NY
| | - Victoria A Parker
- Peter T. Paul College of Business and Economics University of New Hampshire Durham NH
| | - Jane M Liebschutz
- Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Joseph Conigliaro
- Division of General Internal Medicine Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Lake Success NY
| | | | - Amresh D Hanchate
- Section of General Internal Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Saba Aslam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Li B, Li H, Dong L. Quantitative comparisons between relaxation enhanced compressed sensing 3D MERGE and conventional 3D MERGE for vessel wall imaging in equal scan time: preliminary studies. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1683-1691. [PMID: 31420850 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantitatively compared relaxation enhanced compressed sensing (RECS-3D MERGE) with conventional 3D MERGE techniques on blood suppression efficiency, wall-lumen contrast and plaque burden measurement for carotid atherosclerotic imaging in equal scan time. Twelve patients were recruited in the study. RECS-3D MERGE and conventional 3D MERGE were implemented. 2D DIR-FSE was carried out as a reference standard. The lumen signal-to-tissue ratio (STR) was used as the quantitative measure of blood suppression efficiency. The contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) was used as the quantitative measure of wall-lumen contrast. Vessel lumen area (LA) and wall area (WA) were measured for morphological comparisons. The lumen STR of RECS-3D MERGE was significantly lower than that of 3D MERGE while the wall-lumen CTR of RECS-3D MERGE was significantly higher. There were no significant differences in plaque burden measurements between RECS-3D MERGE and 2D DIR-FSE. For comparison between conventional 3D MERGE and 2D DIR-FSE, there were no significant differences in LA measurement. However, the WA of 3D MERGE was significantly larger. The RECS-3D MERGE sequence achieved more sufficient blood suppression and higher image contrast without prolonging the scan time. These improvements lead to more accurate morphological measurements of carotid atherosclerotic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
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165
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Li Y, Ren S, Xia J, Wei Y, Xi Y. EIF4A3-Induced circ-BNIP3 Aggravated Hypoxia-Induced Injury of H9c2 Cells by Targeting miR-27a-3p/BNIP3. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:533-545. [PMID: 31923741 PMCID: PMC6951839 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results from long-term diminished blood supply diminishment (ischemia) to the heart, and the main reason for ischemia is hypoxia. BCL2 interaction protein 3 (BNIP3) can be upregulated by hypoxia and participates in the mediation of hypoxia-activated apoptosis in cardiac myocyte death. The purpose of this study was to interrogate the mechanism of BNIP3 in hypoxia-activated cardiac myocyte injury. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), and caspase-3 activity assays. Molecular interactions were assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays. Gene levels were assessed via quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. BNIP3 expression was upregulated by hypoxia in H9c2 cells. We found that circ-BNIP3 (hsa_circ_0005972), whose annotated gene was BNIP3, was induced by hypoxia and positively regulated BNIP3 expression. Knockdown of BNIP3 or circ-BNIP3 reversed the effect of hypoxia in attenuating H9c2 cell viability and inducing apoptosis. circ-BNIP3 sponged miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) to upregulate BNIP3 expression. Moreover, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) bound with the upstream region of the circ-BNIP3 mRNA transcript and induced circ-BNIP3 expression in H9c2 cells. EIF4A3-induced circ-BNIP3 aggravated hypoxia-caused injury of H9c2 cells through targeting miR-27a-3p/BNIP3 pathway, indicating circ-BNIP3 as a new target for relieving hypoxia-induced injury of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shanghai Songjiang District Center Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China.
| | - Shuhong Ren
- Department of Cardiovasology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xia
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shanghai Songjiang District Center Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhua Xi
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shanghai Songjiang District Center Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
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166
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Wright CD, Tiani AG, Billingsley AL, Steinman SA, Larkin KT, McNeil DW. A Framework for Understanding the Role of Psychological Processes in Disease Development, Maintenance, and Treatment: The 3P-Disease Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2498. [PMID: 31824367 PMCID: PMC6879427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health psychology is multidisciplinary, with researchers, practitioners, and policy makers finding themselves needing at least some level of competency in a variety of areas from psychology to physiology, public health, and others. Given this multidisciplinary ontology, prior attempts have been made to establish a framework for understanding the role of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental constructs in disease development, maintenance, and treatment. Other models, however, do not explain how factors may interact and develop over time. The aim here was to apply and adapt the 3P model, originally developed and used in the treatment of insomnia, to couch the biopsychosocial model in a way that explains how diseases develop, are maintained, and can be treated. This paper outlines the role of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors in disease states and conditions (the 3Ps) and provides examples of how this model may be adapted and applied to a number of health-related diseases or disorders including chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders, oral disease, and heart disease. The 3P framework can aid in facilitating a multidisciplinary, theoretical approach and way of conceptualizing the study and treatment of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Wright
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alaina G. Tiani
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Amber L. Billingsley
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Shari A. Steinman
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kevin T. Larkin
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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167
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Retrieved cerebral thrombi studied by T2 and ADC mapping: preliminary results. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:427-433. [PMID: 31747380 PMCID: PMC6884935 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in MRI technology makes it increasingly more competitive to CT also in the field of interventions. Multi-parametric MRI offers a significant amount of data relevant for characterization of human cerebral thrombi. Patients and methods Cerebral thrombi of 17 patients diagnosed with acute stroke were acquired by mechanical thrombectomy. The thrombi were subsequently scanned using a high spatial-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI to obtain morphological characteristics of the thrombi and also by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transversal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time (T2) mapping. The MRI results were analysed for possible correlations between thrombectomy procedure parameters (recanalization time and number of passes) and MR-measurable parameters (sample-mean ADC and T2, within-sample coefficient of variation of ADC and T2, and thrombus length). Results Both MRI mapping techniques enabled a good discrimination among thrombi regions of different water mobility and compaction. Within-sample coefficient of variation of ADC was found most sensitive for discrimination between the thrombi where thrombectomy procedure was performed in a single pass and those where is was performed in two or more passes (p = 0.03). Interestingly, negative correlation was found between the recanalization time and thrombus length (ρ = -0.22). Conclusions Preliminary results of presented study shows that pretreatment MRI assessment of thrombi in stroke patients could potentially ease stroke treatment planning. In this study it is shown that within-sample coefficient of variation of ADC could serve for prediction of possible complications during thrombectomy procedures.
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168
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Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice imparts cardioprotection by regulating gene expression of cardioprotective C-type natriuretic peptide. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2953-2968. [PMID: 31707544 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A regular intake of red grape juice has cardioprotective properties, but its role on the modulation of natriuretic peptides (NPs), in particular of C-type NP (CNP), has not yet been proven. The aims were to evaluate: (1) in vivo the effects of long-term intake of Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice (SGJ) on the NPs system in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI); (2) in vitro the response to SGJ small RNAs of murine MCEC-1 under physiological and ischemic condition; (3) the activation of CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C in healthy human subjects after 7 days' SGJ regular intake. METHODS (1) C57BL/6J male and female mice (n = 33) were randomly subdivided into: SHAM (n = 7), MI (n = 15) and MI fed for 4 weeks with a normal chow supplemented with Tuscany SGJ (25% vol/vol, 200 µl/per day) (MI + SGJ, n = 11). Echocardiography and histological analyses were performed. Myocardial NPs transcriptional profile was investigated by Real-Time PCR. (2) MCEC-1 were treated for 24 h with a pool of SGJ small RNAs and cell viability under 24 h exposure to H2O2 was evaluated by MTT assay. (3) Human blood samples were collected from seven subjects before and after the 7 days' intake of Tuscany SGJ. NPs and miRNA transcriptional profile were investigated by Real-Time PCR in MCEC-1 and human blood. RESULTS Our experimental data, obtained in a multimodal pipeline, suggest that the long-term intake of SGJ promotes an adaptive response of the myocardium to the ischemic microenvironment through the modulation of the cardiac CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C system. CONCLUSIONS Our results open new avenue in the development of functional foods aimed at enhancing cardioprotection of infarcted hearts through action on the myocardial epigenome.
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169
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Huang H, Wei G, Wang C, Lu Y, Liu C, Wang R, Shi X, Yang J, Wei Y. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster is associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 31703587 PMCID: PMC6839137 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster is one of the most extensively studied miRNA clusters. Abnormal expression of the cluster has been found to play important role in different kinds of human diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between three polymorphisms (rs1491034, rs9301654 and rs982873) in the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster and risk of IS. Methods Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with IS and 397 control subjects were included. The genotypes of the three polymorphisms were determined by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay. Relative expression of the cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cases and controls were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Significant association between rs9301654 polymorphism and risk of IS were observed basing on genotype, model and allele analyses (GA vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41~0.97, P = 0.037; GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07~0.78, P = 0.018; GA + GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38~0.87, P = 0.009; GA + AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08~0.89, P = 0.032; G vs. A: adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40~0.83). Haplotype analysis showed that TGC and TGT haplotypes were associated with decreased risk of IS (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40~0.87, P = 0.007 for TGC haplotype; OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06~0.75, P = 0.009 for TGT haplotype). Importantly, we found the expression of miR-17-5p was significant higher while miR-19a-3p was significant lower in patient with IS compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and patients with rs9301654GG or GA genotype displayed lower level of miR-19a-3p compared with the AA genotype (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings indicated that rs9301654 polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster may be associated with susceptibility of IS in the Chinese population. However, we found that rs9301654 polymorphism and its respective gene expression did not demonstrate consistent association with IS in the Chinese population. Further studies such as gene-gene interaction are warranted to reveal the role of miR-19a and its regulatory genes in the etiology of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatuo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijiang Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yesheng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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170
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Child ST, Kaczynski AT, Walsemann KM, Fleischer N, McLain A, Moore S. Socioeconomic Differences in Access to Neighborhood and Network Social Capital and Associations With Body Mass Index Among Black Americans. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:150-160. [PMID: 31665895 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119883583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between socioeconomic status and two forms of social capital, namely, neighborhood and network measures, and how these distinct forms of capital are associated with body mass index (BMI) among Black residents of low-income communities. DESIGN Respondent-driven sampling was used to engage residents in a household survey to collect data on the respondents' personal network, perceptions about their neighborhood environment, and health. SETTING Eight special emphasis neighborhoods in Greenville, South Carolina. PARTICIPANTS N = 337 black/African American older adults, nearly half of whom have a household income of less than $15 000 and a high school education, were included. MEASURES Neighborhood capital was assessed via three scales on social cohesion, collective efficacy, and social support from neighbors. Network capital was calculated via a position generator, common in egocentric network surveys. Body mass index was calculated with self-reported height and weight. ANALYSIS Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood and network capital and obesity among respondents within sampling chains. RESULTS Higher household income was associated with greater neighborhood capital, whereas higher educational attainment was associated with greater network capital. Social cohesion was negatively associated with BMI (b = -1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.39 to -0.11); network diversity was positively associated with BMI (b = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.55). CONCLUSION The findings shed light on how social capital may be patterned by socioeconomic status and, further, how distinct forms of capital may be differentially associated with health among black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Child
- Berkeley Population Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katrina M Walsemann
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nancy Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Spencer Moore
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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171
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Dual-modality imaging of endothelial progenitor cells transplanted after ischaemic photothrombotic stroke. Life Sci 2019; 239:116774. [PMID: 31689438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a refractory cerebral blood circulation disorder. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in the repair and regeneration of vascular injury through the combination of cell replacement and bystander effects. Here, we evaluated the biological function of EPCs in treating a mouse model of cerebral ischaemic stroke, using dual-mode bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging to trace EPCs in vivo. MAIN METHODS We constructed a viral vector with a luciferase-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Luc-eGFP) reporter gene for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) detection, and simultaneously synthesized the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, nano-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), to co-label human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (hEPCs). The labelled hEPCs were transplanted into mice with stroke, and the biological behaviours of the cells in-vivo were studied using BLI and MRI, and methods of molecular biology and histology. KEY FINDINGS Comparing the two cell transplantation routes by BLI confirmed that many cells transplanted via the left ventricular route homed to ischaemic brain tissue. The dual-modality-imaging showed the prognosis of in-vivo tracking cells after transplantation in ischaemic tissues at different time points. Histological staining and neurological function scores confirmed that EPC transplantation can improve the symptoms of nerve deficit in the mouse stroke model. Histological staining revealed that cell transplantation can lead to recovery of neurological function after stroke, via various processes. These include reduced blood brain barrier permeability, recovery of white matter and of myelin, and the enhancement of neuroneogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE Dual-modality imaging revealed EPCs as potential candidates for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.
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172
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Vrancic JM, Navia DO, Espinoza JC, Piccinini F, Camporrotondo M, Benzadon M, Dorsa A. Is sex a risk factor for death in patients with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1345-1353.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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173
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Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Programmed necrosis in cardiomyocytes: mitochondria, death receptors and beyond. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4319-4339. [PMID: 29774530 PMCID: PMC6887687 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive death of cardiac myocytes leads to many cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. For the last several decades, most work on cell death has focused on apoptosis, which is generally considered as the only form of regulated cell death, whereas necrosis has been regarded to be an unregulated process. Recent findings reveal that necrosis also occurs in a regulated manner and that it is closely related to the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including the heart. The recognition of necrosis as a regulated process mandates a re-examination of cell death in the heart together with the mechanisms and therapy of cardiac diseases. In this study, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of the programmed necrosis of cardiomyocytes, that is, the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Furthermore, the role of this programmed necrosis in various heart diseases is also delineated. Finally, we describe the currently known pharmacological inhibitors of several of the key regulatory molecules of regulated cell necrosis and the opportunities for their therapeutic use in cardiac disease. We intend to systemically summarize the recent progresses in the regulation and pathological significance of programmed cardiomyocyte necrosis along with its potential therapeutic applications to cardiac diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dairu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
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174
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Grinet MAVM, Moraes MC. Radial-Biased Tracking Method to Assess Tissue Displacement in Intravascular Ultrasound Sequences: A Phantom Framework Evaluation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:3007-3014. [PMID: 30941798 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We created and evaluated a pixel-tracking method capable of accurately identify the displacement of tissue in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images. METHODS Our proposed pixel-tracking method assessed the horizontal and vertical displacement of tissue from a numerical phantom of IVUS sequences. The proposed tracking method is based on a block-matching framework, comparing 2 distinct frames within a selected region by normalized cross-correlation. Our method, specialized for IVUS applications, reduced the tracking area by implementing a limiting radius and a radial bias during the search. RESULTS The method was evaluated by using 54 numerical phantom image sequences from 9 distinct arterial models, resulting in different arteries with atherosclerotic plaques under a range of pressures. The ground truth reference coordinates of the tracked tissue were extracted from each numerical phantom sequence. Our results were compared to 8 other methods present in the literature. The mean absolute tracking errors ± SD for our method were 15.56 ± 19.46 and 13.04 ± 13.82 μm for the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, between 2 subsequent frames, and 162.58 ± 305.93 and 102.22 ± 130.61 μm from lower to higher pressures in the range of 6 frames (n = 42,036). CONCLUSIONS Our application-specific pixel-tracking method showed promising results and no statistically significant tracking error (P = .954), comparable to state-of-the-art methods present in the literature. Application-specific tracking methods have advantages over general methods by turning tissue-specific behavior into a directional bias in the tracking algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A V M Grinet
- Laboratory of Image and Signal Processing, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Matheus Cardoso Moraes
- Laboratory of Image and Signal Processing, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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175
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Vascular reactivity to mental stress is associated with poor cardiovascular disease outcomes in females following acute coronary syndrome. Coron Artery Dis 2019; 31:300-305. [PMID: 31658132 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to test the hypothesis that peripheral endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress may predict cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome beyond traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS This was a prospective study in which 417 patients who had acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in two sites at the US and Qatar. Cardiovascular disease risk factors such as past medical history, blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral endothelial dysfunction, and response to three different mental stress examinations (Stroop Color Word, Arithmetic, and Spiral Omnibus) as assessed by ratio of reactive hyperemia tonometry (EndoPAT) with stress over EndoPAT at rest were obtained at baseline. Major adverse cardiac events were then recorded at 1 year after the index event. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline peripheral endothelial dysfunction or vascular response to mental stress between the US vs. Qatar patients. Women were more likely to experience major adverse cardiac events in the year following acute coronary syndrome (relative risk 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.53-3.84, P = 0.044), and had a significantly lower mental stress ratio compared to women who did not (1.0 ± 0.17 vs. 1.20 ± 0.17, P = 0.04). In multivariate analyses stratified by sex, baseline peripheral endothelial dysfunction (EndoPAT < 1.7) (χ = 8.0, P = 0.005) and mental stress ratio (χ = 7.7, P = 0.006), were independently predictive of major adverse cardiac events in women, but not men. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that in women both baseline endothelial function and vascular function in response to mental stress ratio are predictive of worse cardiovascular disease outcomes 1 year after acute coronary syndrome. The study may suggest an important mechanism for adverse clinical outcomes in women following acute coronary syndrome.
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176
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Skvortsov AA, Narusov OY, Muksinova MD. [Soluble ST2 - biomarker for prognosis and monitoring in decompensated heart failure]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:18-27. [PMID: 31884937 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.n765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to appraise the value of determining the concentrations of the new biomarker sST2 for assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment effectiveness of patients with decompensated heart failure during an episode of decompensation and during long-term follow-up after discharge from the hospital. The article analyses in detail the expedience of sST2 measurement in a patient with ADHF on admission and discharge from the hospital and the changes in the biomarker level during the period of active treatment for risk-stratification in patients, presents the optimal threshold values of sST2, which should be oriented when selecting patients with high and very high risk. The importance of subsequent monitoring of the marker concentration during long-term observation in emphasized to predict the risk of death, HF re-decompensation / HF rehospitalization. The potential benefits of choosing sST2 as the optimal marker for serial measurement during long-term follow-up, as well as evaluating the treatment effectiveness in patients with HF, compared to the "classical" variant - natriuretic peptides are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Skvortsov
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - O Yu Narusov
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - M D Muksinova
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation
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177
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Cornwell WK, Ambardekar AV, Tran T, Pal JD, Cava L, Lawley J, Tarumi T, Cornwell CL, Aaronson K. Stroke Incidence and Impact of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Cerebrovascular Physiology. Stroke 2019; 50:542-548. [PMID: 30602359 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.K.C., A.V.A.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.K.C., A.V.A.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Tomio Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine (T. Tran), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jay D Pal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.D.P.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Luis Cava
- Department of Neurosurgery (L.C.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Justin Lawley
- Division of Physiology, Department of Sports Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria (J.L.)
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (T. Tarumi)
| | | | - Keith Aaronson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A.)
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178
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Prognostic Value of the Echocardiographic Probability of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101684. [PMID: 31618841 PMCID: PMC6832915 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of pulmonary hypertension (PH) estimated by echocardiography in unselected patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is poorly studied. Between November 2014 and September 2018, 657 patients were recruited in a prospective registry of ADHF (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02444416). The probability of pulmonary hypertension was based on European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for echocardiographic evaluation. The median survival without all-cause mortality or readmission was 7 months. During the median follow-up period of 15 months, there were 450 events including 185 deaths. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality or readmission for patients with a high probability of PH was 1.67 (95% CI 1.29–2.17, p < 0.001) as compared to patients with a low or intermediate probability. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular function (RVF) were not associated with the primary outcome—HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.81–1.29; p = 0.84) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.76–1.23; p = 0.77) respectively. In patients admitted for ADHF, a high probability of PH as evaluated by echocardiography provided the highest independent prognostic value for mortality and readmission, whereas LVEF and RVF were not associated with prognosis. The identification of patients at high risk of PH by non-invasive measurement conveys important prognostic information and may guide management.
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179
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Talebi Ghadicolaei H, Heydary Gorji MA, Bagheri B, Yazdani Charati J, Hadinejad Z. The Effect of Warm Footbath on the Quality of Sleep on Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Cardiac Care Unit. J Caring Sci 2019; 8:137-142. [PMID: 31598506 PMCID: PMC6778315 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2019.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of warm footbath before bedtime on the quality of sleep on patients with acute Coronary Syndrome in Cardiac Care Unit. Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients admitted to CCU at Mazandaran Heart Center and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, warm footbath was performed after the second night in hospital before bed time by 41 C water for 20 minutes for three consecutive nights; in contrast, the control group did not receive anything of this sort. The next day, St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was completed to evaluate sleep quality. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Friedman, Wilcoxon exact statistical tests. Results: The quality of sleep in the first night of hospitalization was different from the third night after the intervention in both groups and the improvement process of sleep quality was observed in both groups. Most patients had moderate impairments (23-36), which had not changed during the intervention. In intervention groups, 8 patients had severe sleep disorders (greater than 37), which declined to 1 after three nights of intervention. While, in the control group this number fell from 10 patients with severe sleep disorders to 5. Warm footbath had a great positive impact on patients suffering from severe sleep disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although warm footbath did not improve the quality of sleep in all patients, it reduced the number of patients who had severe sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Talebi Ghadicolaei
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Heydary Gorji
- Department of Intensive Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zoya Hadinejad
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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180
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Mo X, Liu W, Yang Y, Imani S, Lu S, Dan G, Nie X, Yan J, Zhan R, Li X, Deng Y, Chen B, Cai Y. NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1 as potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers in patients with obstructive coronary artery: A weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18219-18235. [PMID: 31245869 PMCID: PMC6771964 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the predictive noninvasive biomarker for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). By using the data set GSE90074, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interactive network, construction of differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was conducted to identify the most significant gene clusters associated with obstructive CAD. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to predicate the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker candidates in the detection of obstructive CAD. Furthermore, functional prediction of candidate gene biomarkers was further confirmed in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients or stable CAD patients by using the datasets of GSE62646 and GSE59867. We found that the blue module discriminated by WGCNA contained 13 hub-genes that could be independent risk factors for obstructive CAD (P < .05). Among these 13 hub-genes, a four-gene signature including neutrophil cytosol factor 2 (NCF2, P = .025), myosin-If (MYO1F, P = .001), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4, P = .015), and ficolin-1 (FCN1, P = .012) alone or combined with two risk factors (male sex and hyperlipidemia) may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers in obstructive CAD. Furthermore, the messenger RNA levels of NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1 were higher in STEMI patients than that in stable CAD patients, although S1PR4 showed no statistical difference (P > .05). This four-gene signature could also act as a prognostic biomarker to discriminate STEMI patients from stable CAD patients. These findings suggest a four-gene signature (NCF2, MYO1F, S1PR4, and FCN1) alone or combined with two risk factors (male sex and hyperlipidemia) as a promising prognostic biomarker in the diagnosis of STEMI. Well-designed cohort studies should be implemented to warrant the diagnostic value of these genes in clinical purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐Gang Mo
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Health Physical Examination CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Guorong Dan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jun Yan
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic DiseaseBeijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of PharmacyArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Bingbo Chen
- Laboratory Animal CenterArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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181
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Mahjoob MP, Sadeghi S, Khanaman HF, Naderian M, Khaheshi I. Comparison of coronary risk factors and angiographic findings in younger and older patients with significant coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:90-95. [PMID: 29331103 DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is uncommon among young adults and may have certain characteristics that are different from those in older patients. The aim of the current study was to determine the risk factors of CAD, important laboratory data and angiographic findings in young patients with CAD and to compare them with the old patients. METHODS Patients with typical chest pain whose CAD was confirmed by coronary angiography were included in the study. These patients were divided into 2 groups: ≥ 45 and < 45 years old; the risk factors of CAD and angiographic findings were determined in each group and further compared. RESULTS Finally, 231 patients with CAD were included in the study. Thirty-five (30.4%) of patients younger than 45 years and 58 (50.0%) aged ≥ 45 had diabetes mellitus (P = 0.002). Statistically remarkable differences were observed between the two groups regarding hypertension (P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (P < 0.001), Gensini score Median (P < 0.001), ejection fraction in echocardiography (P < 0.001) and fasting blood sugar in laboratory data (P = 0.006). The older group, compared with the younger one, had higher left anterior descending (LAD) artery (P < 0.001), right coronary artery (RCA) (P < 0.001), 3 vessel disease (P < 0.001) and 2-vessel disease (P = 0.044); on the other hand, 1-vessel disease was higher in patients aged < 45(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The risk profile and angiographic findings are different in young patients with CAD compared to older patients. Young patients with CAD tend to be male with a positive familial history, but with less diabetes or hypertension. The older patients had higher 3 vessel disease, 2-vessel disease and left anterior descending (LAD) artery and right coronary artery (RCA) involvements. In contrast, 1-vessel disease was higher in young patients aged <45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamide Falahaty Khanaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naderian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiac Outcome Research and Education (CORE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Khaheshi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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182
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Wang Y, Li X, Liu L, Liu B, Wang F, Chen C. Tissue Targeting and Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Delivery of Plasmid DNA and Transfection In Vitro. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 13:99-112. [PMID: 32030111 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been shown a promising approach for target-specific gene delivery and treatment of many diseases in the past decade. To improve the therapeutic potential of UTMD, the gene carrier of microbubbles should possess adequate DNA condensation capability and (or) specific cell or tissue selectivity. The tissue-targeted and ultrasound-targeted cationic microbubbles were developed to meet gene therapy. Methods A tissue-targeted stearic acid-inserted cationic microbubbles (SCMBs) were prepared for ultrasound-targeted gene delivery. Branched PEI was modified with stearic acid and further mixed with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and biot-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (Biot-DSPE-PEG2000), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody and plasmid DNA to prepare cationic microbubbles through ultrasonic hydration. The ICAM-1 antibody and plasmid DNA were expected to assemble to the surface of SCMBs via biotin-avidin interaction and electrostatic interaction, respectively. Results It was found that the SCMBs had higher zeta potential compared with neutral microbubbles (NMBs) and cationic microbubbles (CMBs). In contrast, DNA incorporated SCMBs4 showed negative potential, exhibiting good DNA-binding capacity. Confocal images showed that the HeLa cells were attached around by the SCMBs4 from the view of green fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate-loaded IgG which conjugated to ICAM-1 antibody on their surface. After ultrasound treatment, HeLa cells treated with SCMBs exhibited slightly stronger red fluorescence under confocal laser scanning microscope, indicating a synergistic promotion for transfection efficiency. Conclusions This tissue- and ultrasound-targeted cationic microbubble demonstrated here showed a promising strategy for improving gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Implant Devices, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan Hi-new Technology and Industry Park, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Implant Devices, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan Hi-new Technology and Industry Park, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Bingruo Liu
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S2E8 Canada
| | - Feng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, 603 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453002 Henan People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518003 People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Implant Devices, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan Hi-new Technology and Industry Park, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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183
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Wang M, Hu R, Yang Y, Xiang L, Mu Y. In Vivo Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of SDF-1 Expression in a Swine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:899. [PMID: 31496948 PMCID: PMC6712163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stem cell therapy of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is proving to be a promising approach to repair the injured myocardia. The time window for stem cell transplantation is crucial yet difficult to determine since it produces different therapeutic effects at different times after myocardial infarction. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF- 1) plays a pivotal role in the mobilization, homing, proliferation, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Here, by using ultrasound molecular imaging via targeted microbubbles, we determined the dynamic expression of SDF-1 in a swine model of AMI in vivo. Methods: Twenty-four miniswine were randomly selected for the control group and the AMI model group, which underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The AMI animals were randomly divided into six experimental groups according to the duration of the myocardial infarction. All animals were subjected to ultrasound molecular imaging through injections with targeted microbubbles (T + T group) or nontargeted control microbubbles (T + C group). The values of the myocardial perfusion parameters (A, β, and A × β) were determined using Q-Lab (Philips ultrasound, version 9.0), and the expression level of SDF-1 was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results showed that the expression of SDF-1 gradually increased and peaked at 1 week after AMI. The trend is well reflected by ultrasound molecular imaging in the myocardial perfusion parameters. The A, β, and A × β values correlated with SDF-1 in the T + T group (r = 0.887, 0.892, and 0.942; P < 0.05). Regression equations were established for the relationships of the A, β, and A × β values (X) with SDF-1 (Y): Y = 0.699X - 0.6048, Y = 0.4698X + 0.3282, and Y = 0.0945X + 0.6685, respectively (R 2 = 0.772, 0.7957, and 0.8871; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our finding demonstrated that ultrasound molecular imaging could be used to evaluate the expression dynamics of SDF-1 after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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184
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Lerdal A, Hofoss D, Gay CL, Fagermoen MS. Perception of illness among patients with heart failure is related to their general health independently of their mood and functional capacity. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2019; 3:55. [PMID: 31420775 PMCID: PMC6702592 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-019-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between illness perceptions and self-reported general health of patients with chronic heart disease, using some core elements from the Common Sense Model. Methods Patients with heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Functional Class I-III) from five outpatient clinics in Eastern Norway were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Two research nurses collected socio-demographic data (age, sex, education and work status) and standardized questionnaires in structured interviews. Patients’ self-reported general health was measured with the Euro-Qual Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), illness perceptions were measured with the 8-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and mood was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Among the 220 patients who were recruited into this study (98% response rate), the mean age was 67.5 years (SD ± 12.5), and 65.9% were men. Patients were classified as NYHA Class I (8.7% with no activity limitations), Class II (47.6% with slight limitations), or Class III (43.8% with marked limitations). Mean EQ-VAS score was 58.8 (SD ± 21.0). Three of the eight perception of illness items (consequences, personal control and identity) were associated with the patients’ general health rating, controlling for their NYHA Class, mood and other BIPQ items. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients’ perceptions of their illness have an independent and substantial relationship to the self-rated general health of patients with chronic heart failure. Peoples’ illness perceptions are beliefs that have been shown to be modifiable in clinical interventions. Thus, targeted interventions aimed to modify these, such as patient education courses, ought to be developed and tested, as they may be helpful for improving perceived health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anners Lerdal
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box. 1130, N-0318, Oslo, Blindern, Norway. .,Department for Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, P.O. Box 04970, Nydalen, N-0440, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dag Hofoss
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Lovisenberggata 15b, N-0456, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, P.O. Box. 1130, Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caryl L Gay
- Department for Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, P.O. Box 04970, Nydalen, N-0440, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - May Solveig Fagermoen
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box. 1130, N-0318, Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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185
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Liu J, Yang D, Wang X, Zhu Z, Wang T, Ma A, Liu P. Neutrophil extracellular traps and dsDNA predict outcomes among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11599. [PMID: 31406121 PMCID: PMC6690880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which have a potential role in noninfectious diseases, may play an important role in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The goal of this study was to investigate the association of NETs and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Using immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, and fluorescent enzyme standard instrument, we assessed NETs and NETs-related factors. Multivariate analyses were performed after univariate analyses to investigate which variables were independently associated with major adverse cardiac events. Compared with peripheral arteries, we observed neutrophils obtained from infarct-related artery (IRA) releasing NETs. The dsDNA levels, NET-specific marker myeloperoxidase/deoxyribonucleic acid (MPO/DNA) complexes and NETs-related factor tissue factor were significantly higher in coronary plasma samples. Multivariate analysis that white cell counts and coronary dsDNA were independently associated with in-hospital major adverse cardiac events. ROC curve for coronary dsDNA showed sensitivity of 78.0% and specificity of 53% for the cut-off value of 0.39ug/ml. Conclusion, these results provide evidences indicating NETs were associated with STIM, and occurrence of adverse cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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186
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Hu G, Ma L, Dong F, Hu X, Liu S, Sun H. Inhibition of microRNA‑124‑3p protects against acute myocardial infarction by suppressing the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3379-3387. [PMID: 31432169 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of microRNA‑124‑3p (miR‑124‑3p) in the progression of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The expression of miR‑124‑3p was determined via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). TargetScan analysis and a luciferase reporter assay were conducted to reveal the association between miR‑124‑3p and nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) repressing factor (NKRF). To investigate the role of miR‑124‑3p in AMI, a cell model of myocardial hypoxic/ischemic injury was established by subjecting H9c2 cardiac cells to hypoxia for 48 h. The viability of cells was determined using an MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the expression levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6] were measured via ELISA. Furthermore, gene and protein expression levels were determined by performing RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses, respectively. It was revealed that the expression of miR‑124‑3p was significantly increased in the blood of patients with AMI and hypoxia‑treated H9c2 cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that NKRF was a direct target of miR‑124‑3p. The hypoxia‑induced decrease in the viability of H9c2 cells and increase in cell apoptosis were eliminated by the downregulation of miR‑124‑3p. Furthermore, hypoxia significantly increased the levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6, whereas miR‑124‑3p downregulation eliminated these effects. Downregulated expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2, pro‑caspase 3 and pro‑caspase 9 protein, and upregulated expression of cleaved caspases 3 and 9 was observed in hypoxic H9c2 cells; the altered expression of these proteins was suppressed by miR‑124‑3p inhibitor. Additionally, miR‑124‑3p inhibitor suppressed the hypoxia‑induced activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the various effects of miR‑124‑3p inhibitor on H9c2 cells were eliminated by the small interfering RNA‑mediated downregulation of NKRF. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that miR‑124‑3p downregulation protected against AMI via inhibition of inflammatory responses and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by regulating the NKRF/NF‑κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Hu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Ma
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fei Dong
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Sida Liu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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187
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Sowizdraniuk J, Smereka J, Ladny JR, Kaserer A, Palimonka K, Ruetzler K, Skierczynska A, Szarpak L. ECG pre-hospital teletransmission by emergency teams staffed with an emergency physician and paramedics and its impact on transportation and hospital admission. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16636. [PMID: 31441838 PMCID: PMC6716704 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiography (ECG) is essential to detect and diagnose life threatening cardiac conditions and to determine further treatment. Correct interpretation of an ECG can be challenging, especially in the out-of-hospital setting and by less experienced emergency team members.The aim of this study was to compare the rate of ECG transmission from an out-of-hospital emergency scene to an in-hospital cardiologist on call in EMS-B and EMS-S providers and its impact on direct transportation to a cardiac catheterization laboratory and hospital admission.The study was designed as an observational study. Data from 3 separate emergency medical service teams were collected. Two teams are staffed by paramedics only (EMT-B), while another specialized team is staffed with an emergency physician (EMT-S). 5864 out-of-hospital emergencies were performed during a 12-month period and were analyzed for this study.In 124 out of 5864 (2.1%) out-of-hospital emergencies, an ECG transmission from the out-of-hospital scene to an in-hospital cardiologist on call was performed. Rate of transmission was similar between both teams (EMT-B n = 70, 2.2% vs EMT-S n = 54, 2.0%, P = .054). After coordinating with the cardiologist on call, 11 patients (15.7%) of the EMT-B (15.7%) and 24 patients (44.4%) of the EMT-S were directly transported from the scene of emergency to a cardiac catheterization laboratory (P < .001). Overall, 80% of patients treated by EMT-S, compared to 52.5% treated by the EMT-B required subsequent hospital admission (P < .05).Transmission of ECG from the out-of-hospital emergency scene to the in-hospital cardiologist is infrequently performed. The rate of STEMI in transmitted ECG's by emergency teams staffed with an emergency physician was higher compared to emergency teams staffed with paramedics only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sowizdraniuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow
| | - Jacek Smereka
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Robert Ladny
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok
| | - Alexander Kaserer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Palimonka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow
| | - Kurt Ruetzler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Institute of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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188
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Banga S, Kumar V, Suri S, Kaushal M, Prasad R, Kaur S. Nutraceutical Potential of Diet Drinks: A Critical Review on Components, Health Effects, and Consumer Safety. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:272-286. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1642811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Banga
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sheenam Suri
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Kaushal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rasane Prasad
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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189
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Jiang RH, Zu QQ, Xu XQ, Wang B, Ding Y, Wang J, Liu S, Shi HB. A Canine Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Using Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Administration After Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:673. [PMID: 31293509 PMCID: PMC6603151 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early reperfusion of occluded arteries via recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration is considered to be an effective strategy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, delayed administration of rtPA may cause severe hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and undesirable neurological outcomes. The current study aims to establish a canine HT model using rtPA administration and to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying HT. Following anesthesia, two autologous clots were injected into the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to induce ischemic stroke. To induce reperfusion, rtPA (2 mg/kg) was administrated intravenously 4.5 h after the establishment of stroke. The occurrence of HT was determined by computed tomography (CT) and by pathological assessment. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. The expression of matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) was analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blot. Administration of rtPA 4.5 h after stroke induced reperfusion in 73.9% of the canines, caused evident HT, and did not improve neurological outcomes compared to canines that did not receive rtPA. There was a significant increase in expression of MMP-9 after rtPA administration, accompanied by BBB disruption. We have established a canine HT model that closely mimics human HT by using rtPA administration after the induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with autologous clots. Our data suggest that a potential mechanism underlying rtPA-caused HT may be related to BBB dysfunction induced by an increase in MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Quan Zu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiao-Quan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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190
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Salutary Effects of the PULVAD, a Novel Implantable Counterpulsation Assist Device, on Cardiac Mechanoenergetics. ASAIO J 2019; 65:473-480. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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191
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Stolfo D, Savarese G. Use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Older Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Card Fail Rev 2019; 5:70-73. [PMID: 31179014 PMCID: PMC6545993 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2019.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients enrolled in randomised clinical trials may not be representative of the real-world population of people with heart failure (HF). Older patients are frequently excluded and this limits the strength of evidence which supports the use of specific HF treatments in this patient group. Lack of evidence together with fear of adverse effects, drug interactions and lower tolerance may lead to the undertreatment of older patients and a less favourable outcome. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but despite the class I recommendation for all patients regardless of age in the guidelines, there are signs that RAAS inhibitors are underused among older patients. Large registry-based studies suggest that RAAS inhibitors may be at least as effective in older patients as younger ones, but these findings need to be confirmed by randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stolfo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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192
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Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the industrialized world. However, women after myocardial infarctions (MIs) are less likely to receive preventive medications or revascularization and as many as 47% experience heart failure, stroke or die within 5 years. Premenopausal women with MIs frequently have coronary plaque erosions or dissections. Women under 50 years with angina and nonobstructive epicardial coronary artery disease often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with reductions in coronary flow reserve that may require nontraditional therapies. In women with coronary artery disease treated with stents, the 3-year incidence of recurrent MI or death is 9.2%. Coronary bypass surgery operative mortality averages 4.6% for women compared with 2.4% in men. Addition of internal mammary artery and radial artery coronary grafts in women does not increase operative survival but improves 5-year outcome to greater than 80%.
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193
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Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Cabral FR, Cunha IF, de Oliveira DM, de Souza JG, Marti LC, da Cruz EF, Malheiros JM, Paiva FF, Tannús A, de Oliveira SM, da Costa MDS, Dastoli PA, Mendonça JN, de Toledo SRC, Malheiros SMF, de Paiva Neto MA, Rego NBB, Moron AF, Cavalheiro S. Intravenous Grafts of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Reduce Behavioral Deficits in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1306-1320. [PMID: 31161782 PMCID: PMC6767884 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719854342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid has been investigated as new cell source for stem cells in the development
of future cell-based transplantation. This study reports isolation of viable human
amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles, and
its effect on focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Middle cerebral
artery occlusion of 60 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h was employed in
the present study to produce ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in rats.
Tests were employed to assess the functional outcome of the sensorimotor center activity
in the brain, through a set of modified neurological severity scores used to assess motor
and exploratory capacity 24 h, 14, and 28 days after receiving cellular therapy via tail
vein. In our animal model of stroke, transplanted cells migrated to the ischemic focus,
infarct volume decreased, and motor deficits improved. Therefore, we concluded that these
cells appear to have beneficial effects on the ischemic brain, possibly based on their
ability to enhance endogenous repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Taís Sibov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Romero Cabral
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivone Farias Cunha
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando F Paiva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Tannús
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Dastoli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jardel N Mendonça
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Pediatrics Oncology Institute, GRAACC (Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Criança com Câncer), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana M Fleury Malheiros
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Antonio de Paiva Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelma Bastos Bezerra Rego
- Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernandes Moron
- Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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194
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Gargiulo P, Paolillo S, Ferrazzano F, Prastaro M, La Mura L, De Roberto AM, Diana G, Dell'Aversana S, Contiello C, Vozzella MC, Bardi L, Marsico F. Prognostic Value of Hormonal Abnormalities in Heart Failure Patients. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:371-375. [PMID: 31079695 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The model used to explain the pathophysiologic substrate and progressive worsening in chronic heart failure (CHF) is based on the hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic pathway. Although the neurohormonal medical approach has many advantages, it has several pitfalls, as demonstrated by high rates of CHF mortality and hospitalization. A growing body of evidence has led to the hypothesis that CHF is a multiple hormone deficiency syndrome, characterized by a reduced anabolic drive that has relevant functional and prognostic implications. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence of reduced drive of main anabolic axes in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Ferrazzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia La Mura
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria De Roberto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Diana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Dell'Aversana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Contiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vozzella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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195
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Kocabaş U, Yılmaz Ö, Kurtoğlu V. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: acute and reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state-a case report†. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2019; 3:5479977. [PMID: 31449603 PMCID: PMC6601186 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is defined as a ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, which is directly related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular, congenital or hypertensive heart disease, and alcoholism. In this report, we present an unusual case of a patient with DC and reversible, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction due to cardiotoxicity of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS). Case summary A 20-year-old male patient presented with weakness and polyuria. Physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal. Laboratory results and arterial blood gas analysis were consistent with HHS. Baseline echocardiography showed global left ventricular hypokinesis with an ejection fraction (EF) of 36%. The patient’s clinical condition improved after blood glucose level normalization and echocardiography revealed progressive improvement in the left ventricular systolic function with an EF of 54% at the 5-day follow-up and an EF of 69% at the 15-day follow-up. Discussion Uncontrolled DM and hyperglycaemic crisis may result in cardiotoxicity, acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and DC. The pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. Blood glucose control is the most important strategy for the prevention of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Kocabaş
- Department of Cardiology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yılmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kurtoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
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196
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Dumolt JH, Rideout TC. The Lipid-lowering Effects and Associated Mechanisms of Dietary Phytosterol Supplementation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:5077-5085. [PMID: 28745211 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170725142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PS) are plant-based structural analogous of mammalian cholesterol that have been shown to lower blood cholesterol concentrations by ~10%, although inter-individual response to PS supplementation due to subject-specific metabolic and genetic factors is evident. Recent work further suggests that PS may act as effective triglyceride (TG)-lowering agents with maximal TG reductions observed in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Although PS have been demonstrated to interfere with cholesterol and perhaps TG absorption within the intestine, they also have the capacity to modulate the expression of lipid regulatory genes through liver X receptor (LXR) activation. Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in key cholesterol and TG regulating genes, in particular adenosine triphosphate binding cassette G8 (ABCG8) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) have provided insight into the potential of utilizing genomic identifiers as an indicator of PS responsiveness. While PS supplementation is deemed safe, expanding research into the atherogenic potential of oxidized phytosterols (oxyphytosterols) has emerged with their identification in arterial lesions. This review will highlight the lipid-lowering utility and associated mechanisms of PS and discuss novel applications and future research priorities for PS pertaining to in utero PS exposure for long-term cardiovascular disease risk protection and combination therapies with lipidlowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, United States
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197
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Landi F, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, Salini S, Pafundi T, Savera G, Pantanelli C, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Cardiovascular health metrics, muscle mass and function among Italian community-dwellers: the Lookup 7+ project. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:766-772. [PMID: 29554257 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primordial prevention is essential for promoting cardiovascular health and longevity through the so-called seven cardiovascular health metrics (CHMs) (i.e. smoking, body mass index, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol). Measures of muscle mass and function are recognized as powerful predictors of health-related events and survival. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and distribution of the seven CHMs and measures of muscle mass and function in an unselected cohort of community-dwellers. Methods The Longevity check-up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project is an ongoing cross-sectional survey conducted in unconventional settings (e.g. exhibitions, malls and health promotion campaigns) across Italy. CHMs are assessed through a brief questionnaire and by measurement of standing height, body weight, blood glucose, blood cholesterol and blood pressure. Muscle mass is estimated from calf circumference, whereas muscle strength and function are measured via handgrip strength and chair-stand testing, respectively. Results Analyses were conducted in 6323 community-living adults (mean age: 54 ± 15 years, 57% women) recruited between 1 June 2015 and 30 June 2017. Participants presented on average 4.3 ± 1.3 ideal CHMs, which decreased with age. Only 19.5% of participants met >5 ideal metrics, while 8.3% met <3. All seven ideal metrics were met by 4.7% of enrollees. Muscle mass, strength and function declined progressively with age, starting at 45-50 years. Conclusion Our population showed suboptimal CHMs scores, with very low prevalence of all ideal metrics. The number of ideal metrics decreased progressively with age and so did muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Martone
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortolani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Salini
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Teodosio Pafundi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Savera
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pantanelli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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198
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Kubota A, Suto A, Suzuki K, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima H. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 produced by Ly6C low macrophages prolongs the survival after myocardial infarction by preventing neutrophil influx. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:41-52. [PMID: 31009606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various immune cells are involved in different phases of cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). Especially, Ly6Clow M2-like macrophages (Ly6Clo macrophages) are vital for cardiac repair after MI. However, the molecular mechanisms how Ly6Clo macrophages promote wound healing after MI are still largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of Ly6Clo macrophages and Ly6Chigh M1-like macrophages (Ly6Chi macrophages) harvested from the infarcted heart revealed that Ly6Clo macrophages highly expressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA compared to Ly6Chi macrophages. MMP-12 expression was enhanced in the infarcted heart and preferentially observed in Ly6Clo macrophages. Importantly, the survival rate and cardiac function after MI were significantly impaired in MMP-12-deficient (mmp12-/-) mice compared with those in wild-type mice. In addition, the extent of myocardial fibrosis and the number of myofibroblasts in the infarct area were decreased in mmp12-/- mice. MMP-9 expression and neutrophils, which are the major cellular source of MMP-9, in the infarcted heart were increased in mmp12-/- mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of neutrophil-attracting chemokines including CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 was significantly higher in mmp12-/- mice. Consistently, treatment with anti-CXCR2 antibody significantly decreased neutrophil numbers and MMP-9 expression in the infarcted heart in mmp12-/- mice. Finally, the administration of recombinant MMP-12 into the infarcted heart decreased neutrophil numbers in the infarcted heart and promoted wound healing in both wild-type mice and mmp12-/- mice. CONCLUSION MMP-12 produced by Ly6Clo macrophages improves the survival after MI possibly through the promotion of wound healing by reducing neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Suto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Suzuki
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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199
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Guo X, Gu X, Hareshwaree S, Rong X, Li L, Chu M. Induced pluripotent stem cell-conditional medium inhibits H9C2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis via autophagy flux and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4358-4374. [PMID: 30957422 PMCID: PMC6533467 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived conditioned medium (iPS‐CM) could improve cell viability in many types of cells and may be a better alternative for the treatment of myocardial infarction. This study aimed to examine the influence of iPS‐CM on anti‐apoptosis and the proliferation of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and investigate the underlying mechanisms. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours with or without pre‐treatment with iPS‐CM. The ratio of apoptotic cells, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were analysed by flow cytometric analysis. The expression levels of BCL‐2 and BAX proteins were analysed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell cycle and EdU staining assays. To study cell senescence, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining was conducted. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were also quantified using commercially available enzymatic kits. The results showed that iPS‐CM containing basic fibroblast growth factor significantly reduced H2O2‐induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the autophagy flux pathway, promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by up‐regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and inhibited oxidative stress and cell senescence. In conclusion, iPS‐CM effectively enhanced the cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and could potentially be used to inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis to treat myocardial infarction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Guo
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sohun Hareshwaree
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Nassif ME, Kosiborod M. Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors on heart failure. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21 Suppl 2:19-23. [PMID: 31081589 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is emerging as one of the most common cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the one associated with the worst prognosis. T2D and insulin resistance are strong predictors of incident HF, especially HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent data suggest that even when all traditional risk factors for ASCVD are well controlled, patients with T2D continue to have a substantially greater risk of developing HF-indicating that traditional risk factor control is insufficient from a HF prevention standpoint, and highlighting the need for novel, more effective strategies for both prevention and treatment of heart failure in patients with T2D. Until recently, medications developed for glucose-lowering had, at best, neutral effect on heart failure outcomes in patients with T2D, while several classes of T2D medications had little data in regards to HF risk, and others actually increased the risk of HF hospitalization. Sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have a novel and unique mechanism of action. By inhibiting sodium and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, SGLT-2i result in a number of downstream effects, including glucosuria, weight loss, osmotic diuresis and natriuresis, which should theoretically be beneficial in HF. Three CVOTs of various SGLT-2i (EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS and DECLARE-TIMI 58) enrolled markedly different patient populations in terms of ASCVD risk, but have demonstrated robust and consistent benefits in reduction of hospitalization for HF. In a meta-analysis of the three outcomes trials, SGLT-2i significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF by 23% and hospitalization for HF by 31%. Although the declines in HF hospitalization with SGLT-2is are impressive, only a small proportion of patients with established HF were enrolled in these trials, and these benefits, therefore, represent primarily a HF prevention signal. Whether this prevention of HF benefit will translate to better outcomes for those patients with established HF (with or without diabetes), and whether it will extend across the spectrum of HF phenotypes (HFrEF and HFpEF) is yet to be determined, and is being actively investigated in several large ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Nassif
- Division of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mikhail Kosiborod
- Division of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
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