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Nikitin PV, Ryzhova MV, Galstyan SA, Kim DS, Zubova IV, Khokhlova EA, Shugay SV. Identification of different cell clusters in the endothelium of atherosclerotic vessels and determination of inter-cluster gradient of proliferative and inflammatory activity as new diagnostic markers. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:487-497. [PMID: 32938242 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1823016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize atherogenesis functionally, we studied the functional heterogeneity of endotheliocytes in carotid vessels with atherosclerotic plaques and identified several distinct cell clusters. We measured the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI), percentage of Bcl-2 cells (CP) and expression of CCL5, IL 6 and VCAM1 in each cell cluster. We also investigated how these indicators change when the plaque becomes unstable and how they affect the risk of adverse cerebrovascular events in patients. We evaluated the inter-cluster gradient of marker activity and its relation to patient prognosis. We identified five endothelial clusters: the under plaque cluster (UPC), peripheral cluster (PC), marginal cluster (MC), transient cluster (TC) and outside plaque cluster (OC). The UPC exhibited the greatest proliferative, proinflammatory and adhesive activity, but low anti-apoptotic activity. The PC exhibited the second greatest proliferative, adhesive and proinflammatory activity. Progression of atherosclerosis and transition of a stable atherosclerotic plaque to an unstable one was accompanied by increased expression of nearly all markers. The proliferative activity in the UPC, PC and OC, and the pro-inflammatory activity in UPC and anti-apoptotic activity in the PC, were correlated with prognosis. Also, two gradients of proliferative activity and a gradient of pro-inflammatory activity were associated with risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nikitin
- P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M V Ryzhova
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Galstyan
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D S Kim
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I V Zubova
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E A Khokhlova
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S V Shugay
- N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Signaling Properties and Disease Relevance. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9254087. [PMID: 32774152 PMCID: PMC7407020 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9254087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized as extracellular DNA fibers comprised of histone and cytoplasmic granule proteins. NETs were first described as a form of innate response against pathogen invasion, which can capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria. Additionally, NETs also provide a scaffold for protein and cell binding. Protein binding to NETs further activate the coagulation system which participates in thrombosis. In addition, NETs also can damage the tissues due to the proteins they carry. Many studies have suggested that the excessive formation of NETs may contribute to a range of diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In this review, we describe the structure and components of NETs, models of NET formation, and detection methods. We also discuss the molecular mechanism of NET formation and their disease relevance. Modulation of NET formation may provide a new route for the prevention and treatment of releated human diseases.
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153
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Lightbody RJ, Taylor JMW, Dempsie Y, Graham A. MicroRNA sequences modulating inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophage “foam” cells: Implications for atherosclerosis. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:303-333. [PMID: 32843934 PMCID: PMC7415235 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i7.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of macrophage “foam” cells, laden with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, within the intima of large arteries, is a hallmark of early “fatty streak” lesions which can progress to complex, multicellular atheromatous plaques, involving lipoproteins from the bloodstream and cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. Sterol accumulation triggers induction of genes encoding proteins mediating the atheroprotective cholesterol efflux pathway. Within the arterial intima, however, this mechanism is overwhelmed, leading to distinct changes in macrophage phenotype and inflammatory status. Over the last decade marked gains have been made in understanding of the epigenetic landscape which influence macrophage function, and in particular the importance of small non-coding micro-RNA (miRNA) sequences in this context. This review identifies some of the miRNA sequences which play a key role in regulating “foam” cell formation and atherogenesis, highlighting sequences involved in cholesterol accumulation, those influencing inflammation in sterol-loaded cells, and novel sequences and pathways which may offer new strategies to influence macrophage function within atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Lightbody
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Marie Walsh Taylor
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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154
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Chen HJ, Tas SW, de Winther MPJ. Type-I interferons in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132613. [PMID: 31821440 PMCID: PMC7037237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chen et al. review the effects of type-I IFNs and the potential of anti–type-I IFN therapies in atherosclerosis. The contribution of dyslipidemia and inflammation in atherosclerosis is well established. Along with effective lipid-lowering treatments, the recent success of clinical trials with anti-inflammatory therapies and the accelerated atherosclerosis in many autoimmune diseases suggest that targeting inflammation may open new avenues for the prevention and the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the past decades, studies have widened the role of type-I interferons (IFNs) in disease, from antivirus defense to autoimmune responses and immuno-metabolic syndromes. While elevated type-I IFN level in serum is associated with CVD incidence in patients with interferonopathies, experimental data have attested that type-I IFNs affect plaque-residing macrophages, potentiate foam cell and extracellular trap formation, induce endothelial dysfunction, alter the phenotypes of dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes, and lead to exacerbated atherosclerosis outcomes. In this review, we discuss the production and the effects of type-I IFNs in different atherosclerosis-associated cell types from molecular biology studies, animal models, and clinical observations, and the potential of new therapies against type-I IFN signaling for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Chen
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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155
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Aguilar-Ballester M, Herrero-Cervera A, Vinué Á, Martínez-Hervás S, González-Navarro H. Impact of Cholesterol Metabolism in Immune Cell Function and Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072021. [PMID: 32645995 PMCID: PMC7400846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, the most important sterol in mammals, helps maintain plasma membrane fluidity and is a precursor of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol in the body is obtained from the diet or can be de novo synthetized. Cholesterol homeostasis is mainly regulated by the liver, where cholesterol is packed in lipoproteins for transport through a tightly regulated process. Changes in circulating lipoprotein cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis development, which is initiated by an accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the subendothelial space; this induces significant changes in immune cell differentiation and function. Beyond lesions, cholesterol levels also play important roles in immune cells such as monocyte priming, neutrophil activation, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and enhanced T cell production. In addition, changes in cholesterol intracellular metabolic enzymes or transporters in immune cells affect their signaling and phenotype differentiation, which can impact on atherosclerosis development. In this review, we describe the main regulatory pathways and mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism and how these affect immune cell generation, proliferation, activation, and signaling in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Aguilar-Ballester
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Ángela Vinué
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (A.H.-C.); (Á.V.); (S.M.-H.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963864403; Fax: +34-963987860
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156
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Long J, Chen J, Wang Q, Gao F, Lian M, Zhang P, Yang Y, Zhu H. NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (NFAM1) is upregulated on circulating monocytes in coronary artery disease and potentially correlated with monocyte chemotaxis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:39-51. [PMID: 32711213 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating monocytes have been proven to be critical mediators in the propagation and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to characterise a new transmembrane protein-NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (NFAM1)-on monocytes and uncover the potential effects and underlying mechanisms in coronary artery disease. METHODS Monocytes from a population of four controls, five stable coronary artery disease patients and five acute coronary syndrome patients were isolated for RNA sequencing. A potential monocyte biomarker molecule was discovered and then validated with a group of 79 controls, 70 stable coronary artery disease patients and 183 acute coronary syndrome patients. A stable cell line was generated as an in vitro model to determine chemotaxis migration and chemokine receptor expression. RESULTS NFAM1 was identified through RNA sequencing analysis. The validation results confirmed that NFAM1 expression on monocytes was significantly increased by coronary artery disease status. A higher expression level of NFAM1 on classical and intermediate monocytes was observed compared with that on nonclassical monocytes. As shown in the in vitro cell model, knockdown of NFAM1 significantly attenuated chemotactic migration of monocytes by downregulating chemokine receptor expression and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Multivariable regression analysis of a group of 16 individuals suggested that NFAM1 was positively correlated with CCR2 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study reported for the first time that distinctive alterations of NFAM1 expression on monocytes may correlate with atherosclerosis pathobiology and serve as a potential monocyte biomarker and therapeutic target for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Center of Translational Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Hospital of International Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Lian
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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157
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Doddapattar P, Dev R, Jain M, Dhanesha N, Chauhan AK. Differential Roles of Endothelial Cell-Derived and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A in Early and Late Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1738-1747. [PMID: 32434411 PMCID: PMC7337357 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extracellular matrix of atherosclerotic arteries contains abundant deposits of cellular Fn-EDA (fibronectin containing extra domain A), suggesting a functional role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Fn-EDA is synthesized by several cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are known to contribute to different stages of atherosclerosis. Although previous studies using global Fn-EDA-deficient mice have demonstrated that Fn-EDA is proatherogenic, the cell-specific role of EC versus SMC-derived-Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis has not been investigated yet. Approach and Results: To determine the relative contribution of different pools of Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis, we generated mutant strains lacking Fn-EDA in the ECs (Fn-EDAEC-KO) or smooth muscle cells (Fn-EDASMC-KO) on apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) background. The extent of atherosclerotic lesion progression was evaluated in whole aortae, and cross-sections of the aortic sinus in male and female mice fed a high-fat Western diet for either 4 weeks (early atherosclerosis) or 14 weeks (late atherosclerosis). Irrespective of sex, Fn-EDAEC-KO, but not Fn-EDASMC-KO mice, exhibited significantly reduced early atherogenesis concomitant with decrease in inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression levels within the plaques. In late atherosclerosis model, irrespective of sex, Fn-EDASMC-KO mice exhibited significantly reduced atherogenesis, but not Fn-EDAEC-KO mice, that was concomitant with decreased macrophage content within plaques. Lesional SMCs, collagen content, and plasma inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α] and IL-1β [interleukin-1β]), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were comparable among groups. CONCLUSIONS EC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to early atherosclerosis, whereas SMC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to late atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Fibronectins/deficiency
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Lipids/blood
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Doddapattar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anil K. Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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158
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Shah B, Toprover M, Crittenden DB, Jeurling S, Pike VC, Krasnokutsky S, Xia Y, Fisher MC, Slobodnick A, Tenner CT, Katz SD, Pillinger MH. Colchicine Use and Incident Coronary Artery Disease in Male Patients With Gout. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:1722-1728. [PMID: 32454073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Patients with gout are at increased risk of MI, and colchicine is associated with a reduced risk of MI. The objective of this study was to determine whether colchicine prevents incident development of CAD in patients with gout. METHODS This retrospective study followed a cohort of male patients with gout without known CAD at the time of diagnosis of gout in the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System. The association between colchicine use and development of incident CAD, defined as evidence of ischemia or obstructive CAD on stress test or angiography, was determined using an inverse probability weighted (IPW) Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS Among 178,877 patients, 1638 met criteria of gout, of whom 722 without known CAD at baseline (446 colchicine users and 276 nonusers) were followed for a median of 96 months (57 to 117). A trend toward association between use of colchicine and reduced incident CAD was observed but not statistically significant (IPW hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 0.23-1.05). In patients without chronic kidney disease, use of colchicine was associated with a lower rate of incident CAD (interaction P = 0.005, IPW HR, 0.31; 0.14-0.70). Colchicine was also associated with a lower rate of the composite of incident CAD and MI (IPW HR, 0.37; 0.16-0.83). CONCLUSIONS In male patients with gout and no known CAD, a trend of reduced incident CAD was observed with use of colchicine that was not statistically significant. Larger, prospective studies will be required to assess the primary prevention benefit of colchicine definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Shah
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Michael Toprover
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daria B Crittenden
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susanna Jeurling
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - V Courtney Pike
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Svetlana Krasnokutsky
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark C Fisher
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, PrimaCare, Fall River, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anastasia Slobodnick
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig T Tenner
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stuart D Katz
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael H Pillinger
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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160
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Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2488. [PMID: 32427863 PMCID: PMC7237502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization and vascular remodeling are functionally important for brain repair after stroke. We show that neutrophils accumulate in the peri-infarct cortex during all stages of ischemic stroke. Neutrophils producing intravascular and intraparenchymal neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) peak at 3-5 days. Neutrophil depletion reduces blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhances neovascularization at 14 days. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme essential for NET formation, is upregulated in peri-ischemic brains. Overexpression of PAD4 induces an increase in NET formation that is accompanied by reduced neovascularization and increased BBB damage. Disruption of NETs by DNase 1 and inhibition of NET formation by genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of PAD increases neovascularization and vascular repair and improves functional recovery. Furthermore, PAD inhibition reduces stroke-induced STING-mediated production of IFN-β, and STING knockdown and IFN receptor-neutralizing antibody treatment reduces BBB breakdown and increases vascular plasticity. Collectively, our results indicate that NET release impairs vascular remodeling during stroke recovery.
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161
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Morgan PK, Fang L, Lancaster GI, Murphy AJ. Hematopoiesis is regulated by cholesterol efflux pathways and lipid rafts: connections with cardiovascular diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:667-675. [PMID: 31471447 PMCID: PMC7193969 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and play important roles in many cells. In hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), lipid rafts house receptors critical for normal hematopoiesis. Lipid rafts also can bind and sequester kinases that induce negative feedback pathways to limit proliferative cytokine receptor cycling back to the cell membrane. Modulation of lipid rafts occurs through an array of mechanisms, with optimal cholesterol efflux one of the major regulators. As such, cholesterol homeostasis also regulates hematopoiesis. Increased lipid raft content, which occurs in response to changes in cholesterol efflux in the membrane, can result in prolonged receptor occupancy in the cell membrane and enhanced signaling. In addition, certain diseases, like diabetes, may contribute to lipid raft formation and affect cholesterol retention in rafts. In this review, we explore the role of lipid raft-related mechanisms in hematopoiesis and CVD (specifically, atherosclerosis) and discuss how defective cholesterol efflux pathways in HSPCs contribute to expansion of lipid rafts, thereby promoting myelopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. We also discuss the utility of cholesterol acceptors in contributing to lipid raft regulation and disruption, and highlight the potential to manipulate these pathways for therapeutic gain in CVD as well as other disorders with aberrant hematopoiesis.jlr;61/5/667/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooranee K Morgan
- Division of Immunometabolism,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Life Sciences,La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration,Houston Methodist, Houston, TX
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Division of Immunometabolism,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Life Sciences,La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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162
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Döring Y, Libby P, Soehnlein O. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Participate in Cardiovascular Diseases: Recent Experimental and Clinical Insights. Circ Res 2020; 126:1228-1241. [PMID: 32324499 PMCID: PMC7185047 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface of blood with the intimal surface of diseased arteries and propagate and amplify the regional injury. NETs thus furnish a previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. In response to disease-relevant stimuli, neutrophils undergo a specialized series of reactions that culminate in NET formation. DNA derived from either nuclei or mitochondria can contribute to NET formation. The DNA liberated from neutrophils forms a reticular mesh that resembles morphologically a net, rendering the acronym NETs particularly appropriate. The DNA backbone of NETs not only presents intrinsic neutrophil proteins (eg, MPO [myeloperoxidase] and various proteinases) but can gather other proteins found in blood (eg, tissue factor procoagulant). This review presents current concepts of neutrophil biology, the triggers to and mechanisms of NET formation, and the contribution of NETs to atherosclerosis and to thrombosis. We consider the use of markers of NETs in clinical studies. We aim here to integrate critically the experimental literature with the growing body of clinical information regarding NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFA), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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163
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Abstract
Unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, psychosocial stress, and insufficient sleep are increasingly prevalent modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that these risk factors may fuel chronic inflammatory processes that are active in atherosclerosis and lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. In concert with hyperlipidemia, maladaptive immune system activities can contribute to disease progression and increase the probability of adverse events. In this review, we discuss recent insight into how the above modifiable risk factors influence innate immunity. Specifically, we focus on pathways that raise systemic myeloid cell numbers and modulate immune cell phenotypes, reviewing hematopoiesis, leukocyte trafficking, and innate immune cell accumulation in cardiovascular organs. Often, relevant mechanisms that begin with lifestyle choices and lead to cardiovascular events span multiple organ systems, including the central nervous, endocrine, metabolic, hematopoietic, immune and, finally, the cardiovascular system. We argue that deciphering such pathways provides not only support for preventive interventions but also opportunities to develop biomimetic immunomodulatory therapeutics that mitigate cardiovascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Schloss
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.).,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.).,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.).,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.J.S., F.K.S., M.N.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.N.).,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany (M.N.)
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164
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Abstract
A central feature of atherosclerosis, the most prevalent chronic vascular disease and root cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, is leukocyte accumulation in the arterial wall. These crucial immune cells are produced in specialized niches in the bone marrow, where a complex cell network orchestrates their production and release. A growing body of clinical studies has documented a correlation between leukocyte numbers and cardiovascular disease risk. Understanding how leukocytes are produced and how they contribute to atherosclerosis and its complications is, therefore, critical to understanding and treating the disease. In this review, we focus on the key cells and products that regulate hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions, during atherosclerosis and after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C Poller
- From the Center for Systems Biology (W.C.P., M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology (W.C.P., M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Radiology (M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology (W.C.P., M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Radiology (M.N., F.K.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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165
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The complexity of neutrophils in health and disease: Focus on cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 48:101409. [PMID: 32958359 PMCID: PMC7500440 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential soldiers of the immune response and their role have long been restricted to their activities in defence against microbial infections and during the acute phase of the inflammatory response. However, increasing number of investigations showed that neutrophils are endowed with plasticity and can participate in the orchestration of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophils have an impact on a broad range of disorders, including infections, chronic inflammations, and cancer. Neutrophils are present in the tumour microenvironment and have been reported to mediate both pro-tumour and anti-tumour responses. Neutrophils can contribute to genetic instability, tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis and suppression of the anti-tumour immune response. In contrast, neutrophils are reported to mediate anti-tumour resistance by direct killing of tumour cells or by engaging cooperative interactions with other immune cells. Here we discuss the current understandings of neutrophils biology and functions in health and diseases, with a specific focus on their role in cancer biology and their prognostic significance in human cancer.
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166
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Tang X, Fuchs D, Tan S, Trauelsen M, Schwartz TW, Wheelock CE, Li N, Haeggström JZ. Activation of metabolite receptor GPR91 promotes platelet aggregation and transcellular biosynthesis of leukotriene C 4. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:976-984. [PMID: 31930602 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate is a Krebs cycle intermediate whose formation is enhanced under metabolic stress, and for which a selective sensor GPR91 has been identified on various cell types including platelets. Platelet-derived eicosanoids play pivotal roles in platelet activation/aggregation, which is key to thrombus formation and progression of atherothrombosis. OBJECTIVES This study aims to decipher the molecular mechanism(s) and potential involvement of eicosanoids in succinate enhanced platelet activation/aggregation. METHODS We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-based lipid mediator profiling to identify eicosanoids regulated by succinate. We ran light transmittance aggregometry and flow cytometry to assess platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence. Various pharmacological tools were used to assess the contributions of GPR91 signalling and eicosanoids in platelet aggregation. RESULTS Succinate and two types of synthetic non-metabolite GPR91 agonists-cis-epoxysuccinate (cES) and Cmpd131-potentiated platelet aggregation, which was partially blocked by a selective GPR91 antagonist XT1. GPR91 activation increased production of 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), thromboxane (TX) A2 , and 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) in human platelets, associated with phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ), suggesting increased availability of free arachidonic acid. Blocking 12-HETE and TXA2 synthesis, or antagonism of the TXA2 receptor, significantly reduced platelet aggregation enhanced by GPR91 signalling. Moreover, platelet-PMN suspensions challenged with succinate exhibited enhanced transcellular biosynthesis of leukotriene C4 (LTC4 ), a powerful proinflammatory vascular spasmogen. CONCLUSION Succinate signals through GPR91 to promote biosynthesis of eicosanoids, which contribute to platelet aggregation/activation and potentially vascular inflammation. Hence, GPR91 may be a suitable target for pharmacological intervention in atherothrombotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Fuchs
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nailin Li
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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167
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Pu S, Liu Y, Liang S, Liu P, Qian H, Wu Q, Wang Y. The Metabolic Changes of Artesunate and Ursolic Acid on Syrian Golden Hamsters Fed with the High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:E1392. [PMID: 32197531 PMCID: PMC7144559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artesunate was well known as an antimalarial drug. Our previous research found that it has hypolipidemia effects in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet, especially combined with ursolic acid. In this study, we reconfirmed the lipid-lowering effect of artesunate and ursolic acid in hamsters and analyzed the metabolic changes using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). Compared with the model group, a variety of different metabolites of artesunate and ursolic acid, alone or in combination, were found and confirmed. These differential metabolites, including fatty acids, lipids, and amino acids, were involved in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. It indicated that two agents of artesunate and ursolic acid could attenuate or normalize the metabolic transformation on these metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Pu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTUNottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.P.); (S.L.); (P.L.); (H.Q.)
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Shan Liang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTUNottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.P.); (S.L.); (P.L.); (H.Q.)
| | - Pin Liu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTUNottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.P.); (S.L.); (P.L.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTUNottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.P.); (S.L.); (P.L.); (H.Q.)
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTUNottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.P.); (S.L.); (P.L.); (H.Q.)
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168
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Soulet D, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Aubé B, Davalos D. Multiphoton intravital microscopy in small animals: motion artefact challenges and technical solutions. J Microsc 2020; 278:3-17. [PMID: 32072642 PMCID: PMC7187339 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since its invention 29 years ago, two‐photon laser‐scanning microscopy has evolved from a promising imaging technique, to an established widely available imaging modality used throughout the biomedical research community. The establishment of two‐photon microscopy as the preferred method for imaging fluorescently labelled cells and structures in living animals can be attributed to the biophysical mechanism by which the generation of fluorescence is accomplished. The use of powerful lasers capable of delivering infrared light pulses within femtosecond intervals, facilitates the nonlinear excitation of fluorescent molecules only at the focal plane and determines by objective lens position. This offers numerous benefits for studies of biological samples at high spatial and temporal resolutions with limited photo‐damage and superior tissue penetration. Indeed, these attributes have established two‐photon microscopy as the ideal method for live‐animal imaging in several areas of biology and have led to a whole new field of study dedicated to imaging biological phenomena in intact tissues and living organisms. However, despite its appealing features, two‐photon intravital microscopy is inherently limited by tissue motion from heartbeat, respiratory cycles, peristalsis, muscle/vascular tone and physiological functions that change tissue geometry. Because these movements impede temporal and spatial resolution, they must be properly addressed to harness the full potential of two‐photon intravital microscopy and enable accurate data analysis and interpretation. In addition, the sources and features of these motion artefacts are varied, sometimes unpredictable and unique to specific organs and multiple complex strategies have previously been devised to address them. This review will discuss these motion artefacts requirement and technical solutions for their correction and after intravital two‐photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Soulet
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Aubé
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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169
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Circulating Neutrophils Do Not Predict Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Women with Former Preeclampsia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020468. [PMID: 32085575 PMCID: PMC7072843 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
: Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) represents a hypertensive pregnancy disorder that is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This increased risk has been attributed to accelerated atherosclerosis, with inflammation being a major contributor. Neutrophils play an important role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and have been associated with vascular damage in the placenta as well as the chronic inflammatory state in women with PE. We therefore investigated whether circulating neutrophil numbers or reactivity were associated with the presence and severity of subclinical atherosclerosis in women with a history of PE. METHODS Women aged 45-60 years with a 10 to 20 years earlier history of early onset preeclampsia (delivery <34 weeks of gestation) (n = 90), but without symptomatic CVD burden were screened for the presence of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) using both contrast-enhanced and non-contrast coronary CT angiography. Subclinical CAD was defined as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score ≥100 Agatston Units and/or ≥50% coronary luminal stenosis. We assessed whether the numbers and activity of circulating neutrophils were associated with the presence of subclinical CAD and as secondary outcome measurements, with the presence of any calcium (CAC score > 0 AU) or stenosis, categorized as absent (0%), minimal to mild (>0 and <50%), and moderate to severe (≥50%) narrowing of the coronary artery. Blood was drawn just before CT and neutrophil numbers were assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the presence of the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4, which are known to be instrumental in neutrophil recruitment, and neutrophil activity upon stimulation with the bacterial peptide N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Of the participating women, with an average age of 49 years, 13% (12 out of 90) presented with subclinical signs of CAD (CAC score ≥100 AU and/or ≥50% luminal stenosis), and 37% (33 out of 90) had a positive CAC score (>0). Total white blood cell count and neutrophil counts were not associated with the presence of subclinical CAD or with a positive CAC score. When assessing the presence of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR2, we observed a slight decrease of neutrophil CXCR2 expression in women with CAC (median MFI 22.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 20.2-23.8]) compared to women without CAC (23.8 [IQR 21.6-25.6], p = 0.02). We observed no differences regarding neutrophil CXCR4 expression. In addition, expression of the early activity marker CD35 was slightly lower on neutrophils of women with subclinical CAD (median MFI 1.6 [IQR 1.5-1.9] compared to 1.9 [IQR 1.7-2.1] in women without CAD, p = 0.02). However, for all findings, statistical significance disappeared after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that neutrophil counts and (re)activity are not directly associated with silent CAD disease burden and as such are not suitable as biomarkers to predict the presence of subclinical CAD in a high-risk population of women with a history of preeclampsia.
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170
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Sovová Ž, Štikarová J, Kaufmanová J, Májek P, Suttnar J, Šácha P, Malý M, Dyr JE. Impact of posttranslational modifications on atomistic structure of fibrinogen. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227543. [PMID: 31995579 PMCID: PMC6988951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in humans is related to various pathophysiological processes, which can manifest in numerous diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease. On the atomistic level, oxidative stress causes posttranslational modifications, thus inducing structural and functional changes into the proteins structure. This study focuses on fibrinogen, a blood plasma protein that is frequently targeted by reagents causing posttranslational modifications in proteins. Fibrinogen was in vitro modified by three reagents, namely sodium hypochlorite, malondialdehyde, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine that mimic the oxidative stress in diseases. Newly induced posttranslational modifications were detected via mass spectrometry. Electron microscopy was used to visualize changes in the fibrin networks, which highlight the extent of disturbances in fibrinogen behavior after exposure to reagents. We used molecular dynamics simulations to observe the impact of selected posttranslational modifications on the fibrinogen structure at the atomistic level. In total, 154 posttranslational modifications were identified, 84 of them were in fibrinogen treated with hypochlorite, 51 resulted from a reaction of fibrinogen with malondialdehyde, and 19 were caused by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. Our data reveal that the stronger reagents induce more posttranslational modifications in the fibrinogen structure than the weaker ones, and they extensively alter the architecture of the fibrin network. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the effect of posttranslational modifications on fibrinogen secondary structure varies from negligible alternations to serious disruptions. Among the serious disruptions is the oxidation of γR375 resulting in the release of Ca2+ ion that is necessary for appropriate fibrin fiber formation. Folding of amino acids γE72–γN77 into a short α-helix is a result of oxidation of γP76 to glutamic acid. The study describes behaviour of fibrinogen coiled-coil connecter in the vicinity of plasmin and hementin cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žofie Sovová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jana Štikarová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Kaufmanová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Májek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Suttnar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Proteases of Human Pathogens, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Malý
- Military University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan E. Dyr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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171
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Abstract
Neutrophils have traditionally been viewed as bystanders or biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. However, studies in the past decade have demonstrated the important functions of neutrophils during cardiovascular inflammation and repair. In this Review, we discuss the influence of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors on neutrophil production and function. We then appraise the current knowledge of the contribution of neutrophils to the different stages of atherosclerosis, including atherogenesis, plaque destabilization and plaque erosion. In the context of cardiovascular complications of atherosclerosis, we highlight the dichotomous role of neutrophils in pathogenic and repair processes in stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction and neointima formation. Finally, we emphasize how detailed knowledge of neutrophil functions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease can be used to generate therapeutic strategies to target neutrophil numbers, functional status and effector mechanisms.
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172
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Németh T, Sperandio M, Mócsai A. Neutrophils as emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:253-275. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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173
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Stackowicz J, Jönsson F, Reber LL. Mouse Models and Tools for the in vivo Study of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3130. [PMID: 32038641 PMCID: PMC6985372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and critical actors of the immune system. Many neutrophil functions and facets of their activity in vivo were revealed by studying genetically modified mice or by tracking fluorescent neutrophils in animals using imaging approaches. Assessing the roles of neutrophils can be challenging, especially when exact molecular pathways are questioned or disease states are interrogated that alter normal neutrophil homeostasis. This review discusses the main in vivo models for the study of neutrophils, their advantages and limitations. The side-by-side comparison underlines the necessity to carefully choose the right model(s) to answer a given scientific question, and exhibit caveats that need to be taken into account when designing experimental procedures. Collectively, this review suggests that at least two models should be employed to legitimately conclude on neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Stackowicz
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM 1222, Paris, France.,Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), UMR 1043, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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174
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Gomez I, Ward B, Souilhol C, Recarti C, Ariaans M, Johnston J, Burnett A, Mahmoud M, Luong LA, West L, Long M, Parry S, Woods R, Hulston C, Benedikter B, Niespolo C, Bazaz R, Francis S, Kiss-Toth E, van Zandvoort M, Schober A, Hellewell P, Evans PC, Ridger V. Neutrophil microvesicles drive atherosclerosis by delivering miR-155 to atheroprone endothelium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 31924781 PMCID: PMC6954269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but are seldom detected in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether neutrophil-derived microvesicles may influence arterial pathophysiology. Here we report that levels of circulating neutrophil microvesicles are enhanced by exposure to a high fat diet, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Neutrophil microvesicles accumulate at disease-prone regions of arteries exposed to disturbed flow patterns, and promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in a murine model. Using cultured endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow, we demonstrate that neutrophil microvesicles promote inflammatory gene expression by delivering miR-155, enhancing NF-κB activation. Similarly, neutrophil microvesicles increase miR-155 and enhance NF-κB at disease-prone sites of disturbed flow in vivo. Enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase in macrophage content by neutrophil microvesicles is dependent on miR-155. We conclude that neutrophils contribute to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through delivery of microvesicles carrying miR-155 to disease-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Ward
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chiara Recarti
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amanda Burnett
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Cardiovascular Mechanobiology and Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Le Anh Luong
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Laura West
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Merete Long
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sion Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rachel Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carl Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Birke Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Niespolo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Bazaz
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Hellewell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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175
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Lim HH, Jeong IH, An GD, Woo KS, Kim KH, Kim JM, Yun SH, Park JI, Cha JK, Kim MH, Han JY. Evaluation of neutrophil extracellular traps as the circulating marker for patients with acute coronary syndrome and acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23190. [PMID: 31907963 PMCID: PMC7246366 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to be induced by various factors. In this study, we tried to identify circulating levels of NETs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to confirm its suitability as a new circulating marker in their detection. Methods We prospectively enrolled 95 patients with a diagnosis of ACS (N = 37) or AIS (N = 58) in Dong‐A University Hospital, Busan, Korea. The control group was selected from healthy adults (N = 25) who visited the hospital for health screening. Circulating levels of NETs were evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) and DNA‐histone complex. Results The concentrations of dsDNA were statistically higher in patients with ACS or AIS than those in the control group (both P < .001). In the univariable and multivariable analyses, statistically significant risk factors were troponin I (TnI) level and dsDNA concentration in the ACS group (P = .046 and P = .015, respectively) and only dsDNA concentration in the AIS group (P = .002). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the area under the curve values for TnI level and dsDNA concentration in the ACS group were 0.878 and 0.968, respectively, and the value for dsDNA concentration in the AIS group was 0.859. Conclusions In this study, it was confirmed that the circulating level of NETs was increased in patients with ACS and AIS at initial presentation. Findings in this study show that NETs could be used as a new circulating marker for the initial diagnosis of ACS or AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gyu-Dae An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sook Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Man Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Moo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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176
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the common pathological conditions of human, which occurs due to lipid metabolism disorder in the human body, resulting in serum lipid concentration beyond normal levels. Due to heredity, diet, nutrition, medicine, and other factors, the incidence of hyperlipidemia has been significantly enhanced and has become one of the most common pathological condition of the human. By introducing the background and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and the positive effects of exercise on a variety of related diseases, this chapter discusses the relationship between exercise and serum lipid concentration and the effects of different types of exercise on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana He
- Department of Cardiology, Huamei Hospital, (Previously Named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Honghua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Huamei Hospital, (Previously Named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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177
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Rayes J, Bourne JH, Brill A, Watson SP. The dual role of platelet-innate immune cell interactions in thrombo-inflammation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:23-35. [PMID: 31989082 PMCID: PMC6971330 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are increasingly recognized as key regulators of the inflammatory response under sterile and infectious conditions. Both platelet receptors and secretion are critical for these functions and contribute to their interaction with the endothelium and innate immune system. Platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation and targets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotes thrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage. However, recent studies have shown that these interactions also regulate the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing. Many of the platelet and leukocyte receptors involved in these bidirectional interactions are not selective for a subset of immune cells. However, specific heterotypic interactions occur in different vascular beds and inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of disease- and organ-specific pathways of intervention. In this review, we highlight and discuss prominent and emerging interrelationships between platelets and innate immune cells and their dual role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in sterile and infectious thrombo-inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the functional relevance of these interactions in different vascular beds may provide opportunities for successful therapeutic interventions to regulate the development, progression, and chronicity of various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Joshua H. Bourne
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Department of PathophysiologySechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
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178
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Screening and identification of potential active components in Ophiopogonis Radix against atherosclerosis by biospecific cell extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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179
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia with Tendinous Xanthomas and Achilles Tendinitis – A Forgotten Dermato-Rheumatologic Association. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjdv-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism with dermatological and rhematological manifestations. Tendinous xanthomata (TX) are a hallmark of this disease. They are associated with recurrent tendinitis and tendon damage, an aspect of the clinical presentation, which is not well-known among dermatologists. We report two cases of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, where the patients started developing tendinous xanthomata early in their life, with progressive increase in the number and size of lesions. However, they presented late, only when the recurrent attacks of tendinitis became severe. We present these cases to highlight the rheumatologic features, which may be the first symptom of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
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180
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Luo H, Li QQ, Wu N, Shen YG, Liao WT, Yang Y, Dong E, Zhang GM, Liu BR, Yue XZ, Tang XQ, Yang HS. Chronological in vivo imaging reveals endothelial inflammation prior to neutrophils accumulation and lipid deposition in HCD-fed zebrafish. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:125-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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181
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Taghizadeh E, Taheri F, Gheibi Hayat SM, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Rostami D, Montazeri A, Sahebkar A. The atherogenic role of immune cells in familial hypercholesterolemia. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:782-789. [PMID: 31633867 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that mainly occurs due to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and is characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leading to accelerated atherogenesis and premature coronary heart disease. Both innate and adaptive immune responses, which mainly include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, have been shown to play a key role for the initiation and progression of atherogenesis in the general population. In FH patients, these immune cells have been suggested to play specific pro-atherosclerotic activities, from the initial leukocyte recruitment to plaque rupture. In fact, the accumulation of cholesterol crystals and oxLDL in the vessels in FH patients is particularly high, with consequent abnormal mobilization of immune cells and secretion of various pro-inflammatory and chemokines. In addition, cholesterol accumulation in immune cells is exaggerated with chronic exposure to relevant pro-atherosclerotic triggers. The topics considered in this review may provide a more specific focus on the immune system alterations in FH and open new insights toward immune cells as potential therapeutic targets in FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ardalan Montazeri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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182
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Taghizadeh E, Taheri F, Renani PG, Reiner Ž, Navashenaq JG, Sahebkar A. Macrophage: A Key Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis? Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3165-3174. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190830153056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of coronary artery
disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Lipid-laden macrophages are derived from circulating monocytes
and form fatty streaks as the first step of atherogenesis.
Methods:
An electronic search in major databases was performed to review new therapeutic opportunities for
influencing the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis based on monocytes/macrophages targeting.
Results:
In the past two decades, macrophages have been recognized as the main players in atherogenesis but also
in its thrombotic complications. There is a growing interest in immunometabolism and recent studies on metabolism
of macrophages have created new therapeutic options to treat atherosclerosis. Targeting recruitment, polarization,
cytokine profile extracellular matrix remodeling, cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory
activity and non-coding RNAs of monocyte/macrophage have been proposed as potential therapeutic approaches
against atherosclerosis.
Conclusion:
Monocytes/macrophages have a crucial role in progression and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Therefore, targeting monocyte/macrophage therapy in order to achieve anti-inflammatory effects might be a good
option for prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Forough Taheri
- Sharekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran
| | | | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jamshid G. Navashenaq
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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183
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Wang H, Gao M, Li J, Sun J, Wu R, Han D, Tan J, Wang J, Wang B, Zhang L, Dong Y. MMP-9-positive neutrophils are essential for establishing profibrotic microenvironment in the obstructed kidney of UUO mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13317. [PMID: 31132220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) plays a profibrotic role in renal fibrosis. Neutrophils produce MMP9 in many pathologic models. However, the effect of neutrophil on the progression of renal fibrosis and the relationship of MMP9 to the infiltration of neutrophils into the kidney remain unknown. METHODS The surgery of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) was performed in male C57BL/6 mice. Kidneys were collected for analyses on days 0, 1, 3, 5 or 7 following surgery. The inflammatory cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of renal fibrosis factor and inflammatory factor were measured by qRT-PCR, immumofluorescence and western blot analysis. RESULTS In a mouse kidney model of UUO, neutrophil infiltration significantly increased and neutrophil accumulation reached the highest level at 5 days after the injury. In the obstructed kidney, depleting neutrophils decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited the accumulation of macrophages including type 2 macrophages and suppressed renal fibrosis. Almost all neutrophils produced MMP9 at the early stage of kidney obstruction. MMP9 attracted neutrophils and inflammatory cells because inhibiting MMP9 suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells and reduced renal fibrosis, regardless of using MMP9 neutralizing antibody or MMP9 inhibitor or different intervening periods of days (0-6, 0-3 or 3-6 were applied after kidney obstruction). CONCLUSION MMP9 promotes neutrophil infiltration by increasing the inflammatory level, macrophage accumulation and renal fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. Inhibiting MMP9 or depleting neutrophils in the early stage of acute kidney injury can relieve the progression of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary department Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Deping Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai General Hosptial, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu China
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Yanjun Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
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184
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Johnston JM, Angyal A, Bauer RC, Hamby S, Suvarna SK, Baidžajevas K, Hegedus Z, Dear TN, Turner M, Wilson HL, Goodall AH, Rader DJ, Shoulders CC, Francis SE, Kiss-Toth E. Myeloid Tribbles 1 induces early atherosclerosis via enhanced foam cell expansion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9183. [PMID: 31692955 PMCID: PMC6821468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages drive atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture; hence, attenuating their atherosclerosis-inducing properties holds promise for reducing coronary heart disease (CHD). Recent studies in mouse models have demonstrated that Tribbles 1 (Trib1) regulates macrophage phenotype and shows that Trib1 deficiency increases plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, suggesting that reduced TRIB1 expression mediates the strong genetic association between the TRIB1 locus and increased CHD risk in man. However, we report here that myeloid-specific Trib1 (mTrib1) deficiency reduces early atheroma formation and that mTrib1 transgene expression increases atherogenesis. Mechanistically, mTrib1 increased macrophage lipid accumulation and the expression of a critical receptor (OLR1), promoting oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake and the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. As TRIB1 and OLR1 RNA levels were also strongly correlated in human macrophages, we suggest that a conserved, TRIB1-mediated mechanism drives foam cell formation in atherosclerotic plaque and that inhibiting mTRIB1 could be used therapeutically to reduce CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Adrienn Angyal
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Stephen Hamby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - S. Kim Suvarna
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Kajus Baidžajevas
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari korut 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Szigeti ut 12, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
| | - T. Neil Dear
- Division of Biomedical Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Heather L. Wilson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alison H. Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Carol C. Shoulders
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and the Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sheila E. Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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185
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Singhal A, Subramanian M. Colony stimulating factors (CSFs): Complex roles in atherosclerosis. Cytokine 2019; 122:154190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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186
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Wang W, Liu W, Fidler T, Wang Y, Tang Y, Woods B, Welch C, Cai B, Silvestre-Roig C, Ai D, Yang YG, Hidalgo A, Soehnlein O, Tabas I, Levine RL, Tall AR, Wang N. Macrophage Inflammation, Erythrophagocytosis, and Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Jak2 V617F Mice. Circ Res 2019; 123:e35-e47. [PMID: 30571460 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanisms driving atherothrombotic risk in individuals with JAK2 V617F ( Jak2 VF) positive clonal hematopoiesis or myeloproliferative neoplasms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess atherosclerosis and underlying mechanisms in hypercholesterolemic mice with hematopoietic Jak2 VF expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Irradiated low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout ( Ldlr-/-) mice were transplanted with bone marrow from wild-type or Jak2 VF mice and fed a high-fat high-cholesterol Western diet. Hematopoietic functions and atherosclerosis were characterized. After 7 weeks of Western diet, Jak2 VF mice showed increased atherosclerosis. Early atherosclerotic lesions showed increased neutrophil adhesion and content, correlating with lesion size. After 12 weeks of Western diet, Jak2 VF lesions showed increased complexity, with larger necrotic cores, defective efferocytosis, prominent iron deposition, and costaining of erythrocytes and macrophages, suggesting erythrophagocytosis. Jak2 VF erythrocytes were more susceptible to phagocytosis by wild-type macrophages and showed decreased surface expression of CD47, a "don't-eat-me" signal. Human JAK2VF erythrocytes were also more susceptible to erythrophagocytosis. Jak2 VF macrophages displayed increased expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, prominent inflammasome activation, increased p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, and reduced levels of MerTK (c-Mer tyrosine kinase), a key molecule mediating efferocytosis. Increased erythrophagocytosis also suppressed efferocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic Jak2 VF expression promotes early lesion formation and increased complexity in advanced atherosclerosis. In addition to increasing hematopoiesis and neutrophil infiltration in early lesions, Jak2 VF caused cellular defects in erythrocytes and macrophages, leading to increased erythrophagocytosis but defective efferocytosis. These changes promote accumulation of iron in plaques and increased necrotic core formation which, together with exacerbated proinflammatory responses, likely contribute to plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wenli Liu
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (W.L., D.A.)
| | - Trevor Fidler
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Wang
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yang Tang
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Brittany Woods
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (B.W., R.L.L.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine (B.W., R.L.L.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Carrie Welch
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bishuang Cai
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.S.-R., A.H., O.S.)
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (W.L., D.A.)
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (Y.-G.Y.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.S.-R., A.H., O.S.).,Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.S.-R., A.H., O.S.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (O.S.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S.)
| | - Ira Tabas
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (B.W., R.L.L.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine (B.W., R.L.L.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan R Tall
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nan Wang
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (W.W., W.L., T.F., Y.W., Y.T., C.W., B.C., I.T., A.R.T., N.W.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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187
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Zhao J, Huangfu C, Chang Z, Grainger AT, Liu Z, Shi W. Atherogenesis in the Carotid Artery with and without Interrupted Blood Flow of Two Hyperlipidemic Mouse Strains. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:241-254. [PMID: 31536996 DOI: 10.1159/000502691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries is a common cause of ischemic stroke. We examined atherogenesis in the left carotid artery with and without interrupted blood flow of C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H-Apoe-deficient (Apoe-/-) mouse strains. METHODS Blood flow was interrupted by ligating the common carotid artery near its bifurcation in one group of mice and another group was not interrupted. RESULTS Without interference with blood flow, C3H-Apoe-/- mice developed no atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, while B6-Apoe-/- mice formed advanced atherosclerotic lesions (98,019 ± 10,594 μm2/section) after 12 weeks of a Western diet. When blood flow was interrupted by ligating the common carotid artery near its bifurcation, C3H-Apoe-/- mice showed fatty streak lesions 2 weeks after ligation, and by 4 weeks fibrous lesions had formed, although they were smaller than in B6-Apoe-/- mice. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelium and infiltration in lesions was observed in ligated arteries of both strains. Treatment of B6-Apoe-/- mice with antibody against neutrophils had little effect on lesion size. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the dramatic influences of genetic backgrounds and blood flow on atherogenesis in the carotid artery of hyperlipidemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Western Theater Command, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Andrew T Grainger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
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188
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The association of plasma lipids with white blood cell counts: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Lipidol 2019; 13:812-820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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189
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The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Vascular Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091325. [PMID: 31466329 PMCID: PMC6780421 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by multi-organ inflammation and clinical heterogeneity. SLE affects mostly women and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. As the therapeutic management of SLE improved, a pattern of early atherosclerotic disease became one of the hallmarks of late disease morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils emerged as important players in SLE pathogenesis and they are associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerotic disease and vascular damage. Enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was linked to vasculopathy in both SLE and non-SLE subjects and may promote enhanced coronary plaque formation and lipoprotein dysregulation. Foundational work provided insight into the complex relationship between NETs and immune and tissue resident cells within the diseased artery. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic link between neutrophils, NETs, and atherosclerosis within the context of both SLE and non-SLE subjects. We aim to identify actionable pathways that will drive future research toward translational therapeutics, with the ultimate goal of preventing early morbidity and mortality in SLE.
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190
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Obama T, Ohinata H, Takaki T, Iwamoto S, Sawada N, Aiuchi T, Kato R, Itabe H. Cooperative Action of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins and Neutrophils on Endothelial Inflammatory Responses Through Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1899. [PMID: 31447863 PMCID: PMC6696608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the progression of cardiovascular diseases has been extensively investigated and well-characterized with regards to the activation of multiple cellular responses in macrophages and endothelial cells. Although accumulated evidence has revealed the presence of neutrophils in vascular lesions, the effect of oxLDL on neutrophil function has not been properly investigated. In the present decade, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) gained immense attention not only as a primary response against pathogenic bacteria but also due to their pathological roles in tissue damage in various diseases, such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. In this study, we investigated if oxLDL affects NET formation and if it is a risk factor for inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells. HL-60-derived neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 30 min to induce NET formation, followed by incubation with 20 μg/mL native or oxidized LDL for additional 2 h. Culture media of the stimulated cells containing released NETs components were collected to evaluate NET formation by fluorometric quantitation of released DNA and detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by western blot analysis. NET formation of HL-60-derived neutrophils induced by PMA was significantly enhanced by additional incubation with oxLDL but not with native LDL. Treatment of HL-60-derived neutrophils with oxLDL alone in the absence of PMA did not induce NET formation. Furthermore, the culture media of HL-60-derived neutrophils after NET formation were then transferred to human aortic endothelial cell (HAECs) culture. Treatment of HAECs with the culture media containing NETs formed by HL-60-derived neutrophils increased the expression of metalloproteinase-1 protein in HAECs when HL-60-derived neutrophils were incubated with native LDL, and the expression was accelerated in the case of oxLDL. In addition, the culture media from NETs formed by HL-60-derived neutrophils caused the elongation of HAECs, which was immensely enhanced by coincubation with native LDL or oxLDL. These data suggest that oxLDL may act synergistically with neutrophils to form NETs and promote vascular endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohinata
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sawada
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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191
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Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Liberale L. Novel findings in neutrophil biology and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1266-1285. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
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192
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Thelenota ananas saponin extracts attenuate the atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice by modulating lipid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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193
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Xue Y, Wu Y, Wang Q, Xue L, Su Z, Zhang C. Cellular Vehicles Based on Neutrophils Enable Targeting of Atherosclerosis. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3109-3120. [PMID: 31082253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the multiple interactions between neutrophils (NEs) and atherosclerosis (AS), in this study, we exploited NEs as cellular vehicles loaded with cationic liposomes for actively targeting atherosclerotic sites. The cellular vehicles based on NEs possess efficient internalization of cationic liposomes and sensitive response to the chemotaxis of atherosclerotic inflammatory cells, which ultimately realize the targeted delivery of the cargos into the target cells in vitro. Moreover, these effects also translated to significant enhancement of the accumulation of NEs' cargos into the atherosclerotic plaque in vivo after administering NE vehicles to the AS animal model. Consequently, cellular vehicles based on NEs could be a novel strategy for targeted delivery of payloads into atherosclerotic plaque, which would facilitate theranostics for AS and the development of anti-AS drugs to manage the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Lingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials , China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
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194
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Abstract
Despite intensive scientific research over the past decades, atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. During the recent past it has become clear that atherosclerosis is not merely a lipid-driven disease but a multifactorial process involving chronic inflammation of large arteries. This review article briefly outlines the mechanistic nature of atherosclerosis, presents a synopsis of the current state of the art treatment strategies and finally outlines several therapeutic options, which are in clinical and experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336, München, Deutschland. .,Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München, Deutschland. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Schweden.
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195
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Cuesta Torres LF, Zhu W, Öhrling G, Larsson R, Patel M, Wiese CB, Rye KA, Vickers KC, Tabet F. High-density lipoproteins induce miR-223-3p biogenesis and export from myeloid cells: Role of scavenger receptor BI-mediated lipid transfer. Atherosclerosis 2019; 286:20-29. [PMID: 31096070 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We recently showed that miR-223-3p on high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is exported to endothelial cells, where it inhibits inflammation. However, the origin of miR-223-3p on HDL is unknown. We hypothesize that HDL-associated miR-223-3p originates in myeloid cells and is exported to HDL in a scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI)-dependent manner. METHODS Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and human monocyte derived macrophages (HMDMs) were incubated with native HDL (nHDL) or discoidal reconstituted HDL (rHDL). Total RNA was isolated before and after incubation. Mature and primary miR-223-3p (pri-mir-223-3p) levels were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS Incubation with nHDL and rHDL increased miR-223-3p export from PMNs and HMDMs. In PMNs, nHDL but not rHDL, increased mature and pri-mir-223-3p. Incubation with HDL also increased Dicer mRNA, a critical regulator of miRNA biogenesis. Incubation of HMDMs with nHDL did not increase cellular levels of mature miR-223-3p, but significantly increased pri-mir-223 levels. Incubation with rHDL had no effect on either mature or pri-mir-223-3p levels. Activated PMNs increased miR-223-3p export to HDL and the production of reactive oxygen species and activated protein kinase C. Blocking HDL binding to SR-BI increased miR-223-3p export to HDL in both PMNs and HMDMs, but did not affect mature and primary miR-223-3p levels. Chemical inhibition of cholesterol flux by Block Lipid Transport (BLT)-1 inhibited HDL-induced pri-mir-223 expression in PMNs. CONCLUSIONS HDL-associated miR-223-3p originates in PMNs and macrophages. HDL stimulates miR-223-3p biogenesis in PMNs in a process that is regulated by SR-BI-mediated lipid flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gustav Öhrling
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rasmus Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mili Patel
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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196
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Rutin and curcumin reduce inflammation, triglyceride levels and ADA activity in serum and immune cells in a model of hyperlipidemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 76:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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197
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Suárez-Cuenca JA, Ruíz-Hernández AS, Mendoza-Castañeda AA, Domínguez-Pérez GA, Hernández-Patricio A, Vera-Gómez E, De la Peña-Sosa G, Banderas-Lares DZ, Montoya-Ramírez J, Blas-Azotla R, Ortíz-Fernández M, Salamanca-García M, Melchor-López A, Mondragón-Terán P, Contreras-Ramos A, Alcaráz-Estrada SL. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its relation with pro-inflammatory mediators, visceral adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in population with obesity. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13085. [PMID: 30740673 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis represents a cardiovascular risk. Chronic inflammation is a key factor for atherogenic progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular risks. We aimed to explore whether NLR was related to surrogate pro-atherogenic promoters driving atherogenic progression, as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). STUDY DESIGN Thirty-one patients with obesity candidates for bariatric surgery were recruited from Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, Mexico City. The results are part of the "CROP" study (NCT03561987). NLR was calculated from routine complete blood count, and its relation with plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-1β), adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), adiposity markers (visceral adipose tissue [VAT] determined from CT scan image and VAT individual adipocyte area at histological sample) and CIMT were determined. RESULTS Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with hsCRP (Spearman's r = 0.70 [95% CI 0.46 to 0.85], P < 0.01), TNF-α (r = 0.69 [0.44 to 0.84], P < 0.0001) and adiponectin (r = -0.69 [-0.84 to -0.45], P < 0.03), as well as with VAT individual adipocyte area (r = 0.64 [0.37 to 0.81], P < 0.0001) and with VAT area (r = 0.43; [0.07 to 0.68], P < 0.01). Leptin and adiponectin showed further independent association with higher NLR (multivariate regression analysis OR 7.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 56.2] P = 0.03 and 0.1 [0.01 to 1.0] P = 0.05, respectively). Moreover, NLR distribution significantly varied between subgroups divided according to progressive CIMT (P = 0.05); whereas adiponectin and VAT adipocyte area associated with CIMT > 0.9 mm (univariate analysis OR 0.1 [0.01 to 1.0] P = 0.05 and 13.1 [1.4 to 126.3] P = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was related to pro-inflammatory, adiposity biomarkers and progressive subclinical atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Xoco, SEDESA, Mexico City, Mexico.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Zona No. 58, IMSS, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atzin S Ruíz-Hernández
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana A Mendoza-Castañeda
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A Domínguez-Pérez
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Patricio
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vera-Gómez
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo De la Peña-Sosa
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Z Banderas-Lares
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Montoya-Ramírez
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Blas-Azotla
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Ortíz-Fernández
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Salamanca-García
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Melchor-López
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Xoco, SEDESA, Mexico City, Mexico.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Zona No. 58, IMSS, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofia L Alcaráz-Estrada
- Division of Biomedical Research, Department of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Mexico City, Mexico
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198
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Blin MG, Bachelier R, Fallague K, Moussouni K, Aurrand-Lions M, Fernandez S, Guillet B, Robert S, Foucault-Bertaud A, Bardin N, Blot-Chabaud M, Dignat-George F, Leroyer AS. CD146 deficiency promotes plaque formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis by enhancing RANTES secretion and leukocyte recruitment. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:76-87. [PMID: 30928429 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The progression of atherosclerosis is based on the continued recruitment of leukocytes in the vessel wall. The previously described role of CD146 in leukocyte infiltration suggests an involvement for this adhesion molecule in the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the role of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment by using an experimental model of atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The role of CD146 was explored in atherosclerosis by crossing CD146-/- mice with ApoE-/- mice. CD146 -/-/ApoE -/- and ApoE -/- mice were fed a Western diet for 24 weeks and were monitored for aortic wall thickness using high frequency ultrasound. The arterial wall was significantly thicker in CD146-deficient mice. After 24 weeks of Western diet, a significant increase of atheroma in both total aortic lesion and aortic sinus of CD146-null mice was observed. In addition, atherosclerotic lesions were more inflammatory since plaques from CD146-deficient mice contained more neutrophils and macrophages. This was due to up-regulation of RANTES secretion by macrophages in CD146-deficient atherosclerotic arteries. This prompted us to further address the function of CD146 in leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation by using a second experimental model of peritonitis induced by thioglycollate. Neutrophil recruitment was significantly increased in CD146-deficient mice 12 h after peritonitis induction and associated with higher RANTES levels in the peritoneal cavity. In CD146-null macrophages, we also showed that increased RANTES production was dependent on constitutive inhibition of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, Maraviroc, a RANTES receptor antagonist, was able to reduce atherosclerotic lesions and neutrophilia in CD146-deficient mice to the same level as that found in ApoE -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CD146 deficiency is associated with the upregulation of RANTES production and increased inflammation of atheroma, which could influence the atherosclerotic plaque fate. Thus, these data identify CD146 agonists as potential new therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel G Blin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Bachelier
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Karim Fallague
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Moussouni
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CERIMED, Secteur Nucléaire Pré-clinique, Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., CERIMED, Secteur Nucléaire Pré-clinique, Timone, 13005 Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Bardin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie S Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France.
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199
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Abstract
With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.
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Association between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios and Coronary Artery Calcification Score among Asymptomatic Patients: Data from a Cross-Sectional Study. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6513847. [PMID: 31049026 PMCID: PMC6458900 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6513847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a low-grade inflammatory disease. Among markers of inflammation, importance has been given to the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The objective of this study was to examine the association between these hematological indices of inflammation and coronary atherosclerotic calcification in clinically asymptomatic patients. Methods This study had clinical and laboratorial data collected from consecutive asymptomatic patients that underwent computed tomography coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Risk factors, NLR, and PLR were evaluated at different categories of CAC scoring. Statistical tests included chi-square, linear regression, and logistic regression. Patients (N = 247; age 60.4 ± 8.0 years and 60.7% men) were allocated into four categories according to the CAC score. Results Respective age, sex (male), NLR, and PLR distribution within groups were as follows: CAC = 0 (n = 98; 52.5 ± 13.6 years, 55%, 2.0 ± 1.0, and 121.5 ± 41.5), CAC 1-100 (N = 64; 61.3 ± 11.0 years, 60%, 2.2 ± 1.2, and 125.6 ± 45.6), CAC 101-400 (N = 37; 64.2 ± 11.6 years, 67%, 2.6 ± 1.3, and 125.4 ± 55.9), and CAC > 400 (N = 48; 69.3 ± 11.1 years, 66%, 3.3 ± 2.0, and 430.1 ± 1787.4). The association between risk factors and CAC score was assessed. Hypertension status and smoking status were similar within groups, while the presence of diabetes (P = 0.02) and older age (P ≤ 0.001) was more prevalent in the CAC > 400 group. LDL cholesterol was greater in the higher CAC score groups (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression of the quartile analysis showed that age and NLR were independently associated with CAC > 100 (OR (CI), P value): 2.06 (1.55-2.73, P = 0.00001) and 1.82 (1.33-2.49, P = 0.0002), respectively. Conclusion Within asymptomatic patients, NLR provides additional risk stratification, as an independent association between NLR extent and CAD extent was identified. Moreover, PLR was not an inflammation marker for CAD severity.
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