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Lingaraju MC, Pathak NN, Begum J, Balaganur V, Bhat RA, Ramachandra HD, Ayanur A, Ram M, Singh V, Kumar D, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Betulinic acid attenuates lung injury by modulation of inflammatory cytokine response in experimentally-induced polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Cytokine 2014; 71:101-8. [PMID: 25277468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis commonly progresses to acute lung injury (ALI), an inflammatory lung disease with high morbidity and mortality. Septic ALI is characterized by excessive production of proinflammatory mediators. It remained refractory to present therapies and new therapies need to be developed to improve further clinical outcomes. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane group triterpenoid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in many studies. However, its therapeutic efficacy in polymicrobial septic ALI is yet unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BA on septic ALI using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in mice. Vehicle or BA (3, 10, and 30mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, 3 times (0, 24 and 48h) before CLP and CLP was done on 49(th)h of the study. Survival rate was observed till 120h post CLP. Lung tissues were collected for analysis by sacrificing mice 18h post CLP. BA at 10 and 30mg/kg dose significantly reduced sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury as implied by attenuated lung histopathological changes, decreased protein and neutrophils infiltration. BA also decreased lung NF-κB expression, cytokine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. These evidences suggest that, the protective effects of BA on lungs are associated with defending action against inflammatory response and BA could be a potential modulatory agent of inflammation in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Nitya Nand Pathak
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Jubeda Begum
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Venkanna Balaganur
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Rafia Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | | | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Mahendra Ram
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243 122, India.
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152
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Das S, Kumar M, Negi V, Pattnaik B, Prakash YS, Agrawal A, Ghosh B. MicroRNA-326 regulates profibrotic functions of transforming growth factor-β in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:882-92. [PMID: 24279830 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0195oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disorder resulting from the progressive remodeling of lungs, with no known effective treatment. Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has a well-established role in lung fibrosis, clinical experience with neutralizing antibodies to TGF-β has been disappointing, and strategies to directly suppress TGF-β1 secretion are needed. In this study we used a combination of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to identify microRNAs involved in TGF-β1 regulation and to validate the role of miR-326 in pulmonary fibrosis.We show that hsa-miR-326 regulates TGF-β1 expression and that hsa-miR-326 levels are inversely correlated to TGF-β1 protein levels in multiple human cell lines. The increase in TGF-β1 expression during the progression of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice was associated with loss of mmu-miR-326. Restoration of mmu-miR-326 levels by intranasal delivery of miR-326 mimics was sufficient to inhibit TGF-β1 expression and attenuate the fibrotic response. Moreover, human IPF lung specimens had markedly diminished miR-326 expression as compared with nonfibrotic lungs. Additional targets of miR-326 controlling TGF-β signaling and fibrosis-related pathways were identified, and miR-326 was found to down-regulate profibrotic genes, such as Ets1, Smad3, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, whereas it up-regulates antifibrotic genes, such as Smad7. Our results suggest for the first time that miR-326 plays a key role in regulating TGF-β1 expression and other profibrotic genes and could be useful in developing better therapeutic strategies for alleviating lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- 1 Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; and
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153
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Meijer M, Rijkers GT, van Overveld FJ. Neutrophils and emerging targets for treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1055-68. [PMID: 24168412 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.851347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a decreased airflow due to airway narrowing that, once it occurs, is not fully reversible. The disease usually is progressive and associated with an enhanced inflammatory response in the lungs after exposure to noxious particles or gases. After removal of the noxious particles, the inflammation can continue in a self-sustaining manner. It has been established that improper activation of neutrophils lies at the core of the pathology. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils can induce the pulmonary damage of COPD. As the pathogenesis of COPD is slowly being unraveled, new points of intervention are discovered, some of which with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Meijer
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt, Lange Noordstraat 1, 4113 CB Middelburg, The Netherlands
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154
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Chaudhuri R, McSharry C, Brady J, Grierson C, Messow CM, Spears M, Miele G, Nocka K, MacNee W, Connell M, Murchison JT, Sproule M, Hilmi OJ, Miller DK, Thomson NC. Low sputum MMP-9/TIMP ratio is associated with airway narrowing in smokers with asthma. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:895-904. [PMID: 24993912 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00047014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthmatic smokers have poor symptom control and accelerated decline in lung function. A reduced ratio of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in nonsmokers with asthma has been implicated in airway remodelling. We tested the hypothesis that sputum MMP-9 activity/TIMPs ratios are reduced in smokers compared with never-smokers with asthma and are associated with reduced lung function and altered computed tomography (CT) measures of airway wall dimensions. Lung function, airway dimensions by CT, and induced sputum concentrations (and activity) of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and -2 were measured in 81 asthmatics and 43 healthy subjects (smokers and never-smokers). Respiratory epithelial MMP9 and TIMP mRNA was quantified in 31 severe asthmatics and 32 healthy controls. Sputum MMP-9 activity/TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 ratios, and nasal epithelial MMP9/TIMP1 and MMP9/TIMP2 expression ratios were reduced in smokers with asthma compared with never-smokers with asthma. Low sputum ratios in asthmatic smokers were associated with reduced post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio and segmental airway lumen area. The association of a low sputum MMP-9 activity/TIMP-1 ratio with persistent airflow obstruction and reduced CT airway lumen area in smokers with asthma may indicate that an imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMPs contributes to structural changes to the airways in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Chaudhuri
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jeffrey Brady
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
| | - Christal Grierson
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
| | - C Martina Messow
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Spears
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gino Miele
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Dundee, UK
| | - Karl Nocka
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - William MacNee
- University of Edinburgh/Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Connell
- University of Edinburgh/Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - John T Murchison
- University of Edinburgh/Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical Physics and Clinical Radiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Omar J Hilmi
- Ear Nose and Throat Dept, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas K Miller
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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155
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Fukuyama T, Nishino R, Kosaka T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Ueda H, Harada T. Effects of prior oral exposure to combinations of environmental immunosuppressive agents on ovalbumin allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation in Balb/c mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:261-70. [PMID: 24935097 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.926915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Humans are exposed daily to multiple environmental chemicals in the atmosphere, in food, and in commercial products. Therefore, hazard identification and risk management must account for exposure to chemical mixtures. The objective of the study reported here was to investigate the effects of combinations of three well-known environmental immunotoxic chemicals - methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine compound; parathion (PARA), an organophosphate compound; and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an agricultural insecticide synergist - by using a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. Four-week-old Balb/c mice were exposed orally to either one or two of the environmental immunotoxic chemicals for five consecutive days, prior to intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA and an inhalation challenge. We assessed IgE levels in serum, B-cell counts, and cytokine production in hilar lymph nodes, and differential cell counts and levels of related chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Mice treated with MXC + PARA or PBO + MXC showed marked increases in serum IgE, IgE-positive B-cells and cytokines in lymph nodes, and differential cell counts and related chemokines in BALF compared with mice that received the vehicle control or the corresponding individual test substances. These results suggest that simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental chemicals aggravates allergic airway inflammation more than exposure to individual chemicals. It is expected that the results of this study will help others in their evaluation of immunotoxic combinational effects when conducting assessments of the safety of environmental/occupational chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Fukuyama
- Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Toxicology , Ibaraki , Japan
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156
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Oriss TB, Krishnamoorthy N, Raundhal M, Morse C, Chakraborty K, Khare A, Huff R, Ray P, Ray A. Cutting Edge: MMP-9 inhibits IL-23p19 expression in dendritic cells by targeting membrane stem cell factor affecting lung IL-17 response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5471-5475. [PMID: 24829419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that c-kit ligation by membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) boosts IL-6 production in dendritic cells (DCs) and a Th17-immune response. However, Th17 establishment also requires heterodimeric IL-23, but the mechanisms that regulate IL-23 gene expression in DCs are not fully understood. We show that IL-23p19 gene expression in lung DCs is dependent on mSCF, which is regulated by the metalloproteinase MMP-9. Th1-inducing conditions enhanced MMP-9 activity, causing cleavage of mSCF, whereas the opposite was true for Th17-promoting conditions. In MMP-9(-/-) mice, a Th1-inducing condition could maintain mSCF and enhance IL-23p19 in DCs, promoting IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lung. Conversely, mSCF cleavage from bone marrow DCs in vitro by rMMP-9 led to reduced IL-23p19 expression under Th17-inducing conditions, with dampening of intracellular AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, these results show that the c-kit/mSCF/MMP-9 axis regulates IL-23 gene expression in DCs to control IL-17 production in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Mahesh Raundhal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Christina Morse
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anupriya Khare
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Rachael Huff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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157
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Ichikawa T, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Minakata Y, Kikuchi T, Morishita Y, Oka A, Kanai K, Kawabata H, Hiramatsu M, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Nakanishi M, Matsunaga K, Yamamoto N, Ichinose M. TLR3 activation augments matrix metalloproteinase production through reactive nitrogen species generation in human lung fibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4977-88. [PMID: 24760149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection often triggers asthma exacerbation and contributes to airway remodeling. Cell signaling in viral infection is mainly mediated through TLR3. Many mediators are involved in airway remodeling, but matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key players in this process in asthma. However, the role of TLR3 activation in production of MMPs is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a ligand for TLR3, on production of MMPs in human lung fibroblasts, with a focus on nitrosative stress in TLR3 modulation of MMP production. After lung fibroblasts were treated with poly(I:C), production of MMP-1, -2, and -9 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was assessed. The roles of NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) in the poly(I:C)-mediated production of MMPs and the responsiveness to poly(I:C) of normal lung fibroblasts and asthmatic lung fibroblasts were also investigated. Poly(I:C) augmented production of MMPs and iNOS in fibroblasts, and an iNOS inhibitor diminished this production of MMPs. Poly(I:C) stimulated translocation of NF-κB and IRF-3 into the nucleus in fibroblasts and inhibition of NF-κB or IRF-3 abrogated the poly(I:C)-induced increase in both iNOS expression and release of MMPs. Poly(I:C)-induced production of iNOS and MMPs was greater in asthmatic fibroblasts than in normal fibroblasts. We conclude that viral infection may induce nitrosative stress and subsequent MMP production via NF-κB- and IRF-3-dependent pathways, thus potentiating viral-induced airway remodeling in asthmatic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Minakata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Yukiko Morishita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Asako Oka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Kuninobu Kanai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Hiroki Kawabata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Masataka Hiramatsu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Keiichiro Akamatsu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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158
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Shikata F, Sakaue T, Nakashiro KI, Okazaki M, Kurata M, Okamura T, Okura M, Ryugo M, Nakamura Y, Yasugi T, Higashiyama S, Izutani H. Pathophysiology of lung injury induced by common bile duct ligation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94550. [PMID: 24733017 PMCID: PMC3986091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver dysfunction and cirrhosis affect vasculature in several organ systems and cause impairment of organ functions, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Establishment of a mouse model of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) would provide greater insights into the genetic basis of the disease. Our objectives were to establish a mouse model of lung injury after common bile duct ligation (CBDL) and to investigate pulmonary pathogenesis for application in future therapeutic approaches. Methods Eight-week-old Balb/c mice were subjected to CBDL. Immunohistochemical analyses and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction were performed on pulmonary tissues. The presence of HPS markers was detected by western blot and microarray analyses. Results We observed extensive proliferation of CD31-positive pulmonary vascular endothelial cells at 2 weeks after CBDL and identified 10 upregulated and 9 down-regulated proteins that were associated with angiogenesis. TNF-α and MMP-9 were highly expressed at 3 weeks after CBDL and were less expressed in the lungs of the control group. Conclusions We constructed a mouse lung injury model by using CBDL. Contrary to our expectation, lung pathology in our mouse model exhibited differences from that of rat models, and the mechanisms responsible for these differences are unknown. This phenomenon may be explained by contrasting processes related to TNF induction of angiogenic signaling pathways in the inflammatory phase. Thus, we suggest that our mouse model can be applied to pulmonary pathological analyses in the inflammatory phase, i.e., to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Shikata
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Department of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Ehime University, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Nakashiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathogenomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toru Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ryugo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takumi Yasugi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Ehime University, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hironori Izutani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
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159
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Kobayashi T, Kim H, Liu X, Sugiura H, Kohyama T, Fang Q, Wen FQ, Abe S, Wang X, Atkinson JJ, Shipley JM, Senior RM, Rennard SI. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activates TGF-β and stimulates fibroblast contraction of collagen gels. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1006-15. [PMID: 24705725 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a matrix-degrading enzyme implicated in many biological processes, including inflammation. It is produced by many cells, including fibroblasts. When cultured in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels, fibroblasts contract the surrounding matrix, a function that is thought to model the contraction that characterizes both normal wound repair and fibrosis. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of endogenously produced MMP-9 in fibroblast contraction of 3D collagen gels. Fibroblasts from mice lacking expression of MMP-9 and human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) transfected with MMP-9 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) were used. Fibroblasts were cast into type I collagen gels and floated in culture medium with or without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for 5 days. Gel size was determined daily using an image analysis system. Gels made from MMP-9 siRNA-treated human fibroblasts contracted less than control fibroblasts, as did fibroblasts incubated with a nonspecific MMP inhibitor. Similarly, fibroblasts cultured from MMP-9-deficient mice contracted gels less than did fibroblasts from control mice. Transfection of the MMP-9-deficient murine fibroblasts with a vector expressing murine MMP-9 restored contractile activity to MMP-9-deficient fibroblasts. Inhibition of MMP-9 reduced active TGF-β1 and reduced several TGF-β1-driven responses, including activity of a Smad3 reporter gene and production of fibronectin. Because TGF-β1 also drives fibroblast gel contraction, this suggests the mechanism for MMP-9 regulation of contraction is through the generation of active TGF-β1. This study provides direct evidence that endogenously produced MMP-9 has a role in regulation of tissue contraction of 3D collagen gels mediated by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HuiJung Kim
- WonKwang University Sanbon Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangde Liu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xingqi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - James M Shipley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert M Senior
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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160
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Effect of tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT (TNFSF14) on the activation of basophils and eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:136463. [PMID: 24782592 PMCID: PMC3982468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/136463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma can cause airway structural remodeling, involving the accumulation of extracellular matrix and thickening of smooth muscle. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a cytokine that binds herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)/TNFRSF14 and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR). LIGHT induces asthmatic cytokine IL-13 and fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β release from allergic asthma-related eosinophils expressing HVEM and alveolar macrophages expressing LTβR, respectively, thereby playing crucial roles in asthmatic airway remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of LIGHT on the coculture of human basophils/eosinophils and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines/chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry, multiplex, assay or ELISA. Results showed that LIGHT could significantly promote intercellular adhesion, cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, release of airway remodeling-related IL-6, CXCL8, and MMP-9 from BEAS-2B cells upon interaction with basophils/eosinophils, probably via the intercellular interaction, cell surface receptors HVEM and LTβR on BEAS-2B cells, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The above results, therefore, enhance our understanding of the immunopathological roles of LIGHT in allergic asthma and shed light on the potential therapeutic targets for airway remodeling.
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161
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Al Heialy S, Risse PA, Zeroual MA, Roman HN, Tsuchiya K, Siddiqui S, Laporte SA, Martin JG. T cell-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:563-70. [PMID: 23656597 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0356oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disease with no curative therapies. T cells infiltrate the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer and may be implicated in airway remodeling and the increase of ASM mass, a cardinal feature of asthma. The mechanism by which CD4(+) T cells drive airway remodeling remains unknown. This study sought to determine the T cell-mediated mechanism of ASM cell proliferation. We hypothesized that CD4(+) T cells adhere to ASM cells via CD44, and induce ASM cell proliferation through the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A coculture model showed that the contact of antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells with ASM cells induced high levels of EGFR ligand expression in CD4(+) T cells and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, required for the shedding of EGFR ligands. The inhibition of EGFR and MMP-9 prevented the increase of ASM cell proliferation after coculture. The hyaluronan receptor CD44 is the dominant mediator of the tight adherence of T cells to ASM and is colocalized with MMP-9 on the cell surface. Moreover, the neutralization of CD44 prevents ASM cell hyperplasia. These data provide a novel mechanism by which antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells induce the remodeling indicative of a direct trophic role for CD4(+) T cells.
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162
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Burgess JL, Kurzius-Spencer M, Poplin GS, Littau SR, Kopplin MJ, Stürup S, Boitano S, Lantz RC. Environmental arsenic exposure, selenium and sputum alpha-1 antitrypsin. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2014; 24:150-5. [PMID: 23838883 PMCID: PMC4019207 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased respiratory disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protects the lung against tissue destruction. The objective of this study was to determine whether arsenic exposure is associated with changes in airway AAT concentration and whether this relationship is modified by selenium. A total of 55 subjects were evaluated in Ajo and Tucson, Arizona. Tap water and first morning void urine were analyzed for arsenic species, induced sputum for AAT and toenails for selenium and arsenic. Household tap-water arsenic, toenail arsenic and urinary inorganic arsenic and metabolites were significantly higher in Ajo (20.6±3.5 μg/l, 0.54±0.77 μg/g and 27.7±21.2 μg/l, respectively) than in Tucson (3.9±2.5 μg/l, 0.16±0.20 μg/g and 13.0±13.8 μg/l, respectively). In multivariable models, urinary monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) was negatively, and toenail selenium positively associated with sputum AAT (P=0.004 and P=0.002, respectively). In analyses stratified by town, these relationships remained significant only in Ajo, with the higher arsenic exposure. Reduction in AAT may be a means by which arsenic induces respiratory disease, and selenium may protect against this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferey L. Burgess
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Margaret Kurzius-Spencer
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gerald S. Poplin
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sally R. Littau
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J. Kopplin
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefan Stürup
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott Boitano
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - R. Clark Lantz
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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163
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Yeh YH, Chang JL, Hsiao PC, Tsao SM, Lin CH, Kao SJ, Chou MC, Yang SF, Chien MH. Circulating level of lipocalin 2 as a predictor of severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 27:253-60. [PMID: 23852780 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the differential plasma levels of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and its complex with MMP-9 (where MMP is matrix metalloproteinase) before and after antibiotic treatment in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHOD Plasma LCN2 and LCN2/MMP-9 complex levels were measured in 61 adult patients with CAP and 60 healthy controls using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS A decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils and decreases in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), LCN2, and LCN2/MMP-9 complex were observed after antibiotic treatment. The plasma level of LCN2, but not that of CRP, was correlated with the severity of CAP based on the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI; r = 0.333, P = 0.009), confusion, urea, respiratory rate and blood pressure (CURB)-65 (r = 0.288, P = 0.024), and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores (r = 0.328, P = 0.010). LCN2 levels were also significantly correlated with LCN2/MMP-9 levels and the numbers of WBCs or neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of LCN2 and the LCN2/MMP-9 complex can act as adjuvant diagnostic biomarkers for CAP. Plasma LCN2 might play a further role in the clinical assessment of the severity of CAP, which could potentially guide the development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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164
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Tsujimura S, Saito K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Human urinary trypsin inhibitor bolus infusion improved severe interstitial pneumonia in mixed connective tissue disease. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-005-0421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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165
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The Role of Inflammation in Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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166
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Stepanova OI, L'vova TY, Furaeva KN, Sokolov DI, Sel'kov SA. Effect of placenta secretory products on migration activity of endothelial EA.Hy926 cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 156:156-60. [PMID: 24319715 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of factors secreted by the placenta in physiological and preeclampsia-complicated pregnancy on migration activity of endothelial EA.Hy926 cells. It was found that migration of endothelial cells was more intensive in the presence of secretory factors from trimester I placentas in comparison with trimester III placentas and was lower in the presence of placental factors in preeclampsia in comparison with physiological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Stepanova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North-Western Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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167
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Kong MYF, Clancy JP, Peng N, Li Y, Szul TJ, Xu X, Oster R, Sullender W, Ambalavanan N, Blalock JE, Gaggar A. Pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus. Eur Respir J 2013; 43:1086-96. [PMID: 24311764 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a potent stimulus for airway epithelial expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. MMP-9 activity in vivo is a predictor of disease severity in children with RSV-induced respiratory failure. Human airway epithelial cells were infected with RSV A2 strain and analysed for MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 (a natural inhibitor of MMP-9) release. In addition, endotracheal samples from children with RSV-RF and controls (non-RSV pneumonia and nonlung disease controls) were analysed for MMP-9, TIMP-1, human neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase activity. RSV infection of airway epithelia was sufficient to rapidly induce MMP-9 transcription and protein release. Pulmonary MMP-9 activity peaked at 48 h in infants with RSV-induced respiratory failure. In the RSV group, MMP-9 activity and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio imbalance predicted higher oxygen requirement and worse paediatric risk of mortality scores. The highest levels of human neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in the RSV cohort; however, unlike MMP-9, these neutrophil markers failed to predict disease severity. These results support the hypothesis that RSV is a potent stimulus for MMP-9 expression and release from human airway epithelium, and that MMP-9 is an important biomarker of disease severity in mechanically ventilated children with RSV lung infection.
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168
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Influenza A virus induction of oxidative stress and MMP-9 is associated with severe lung pathology in a mouse model. Virus Res 2013; 178:411-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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169
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Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy on the Time Course of Pulmonary Remodeling Depend on the Etiology of Lung Injury in Mice. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:e319-33. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31828a663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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170
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Winden DR, Ferguson NT, Bukey BR, Geyer AJ, Wright AJ, Jergensen ZR, Robinson AB, Stogsdill JA, Reynolds PR. Conditional over-expression of RAGE by embryonic alveolar epithelium compromises the respiratory membrane and impairs endothelial cell differentiation. Respir Res 2013; 14:108. [PMID: 24134692 PMCID: PMC3853184 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are cell surface receptors prominently expressed by lung epithelium. Previous research demonstrated that over-expression of RAGE by murine alveolar epithelial cells during embryogenesis caused severe lung hypoplasia and neonatal lethality. However, the effects of RAGE over-expression on adjacent matrix and endothelial cells remained unknown. Methods RAGE transgenic (TG) mice were generated that conditionally over-expressed RAGE in alveolar type II cells when fed doxycycline (dox) from conception to E18.5. To evaluate effects on the basement membrane, immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed for collagen IV and MMP-9, a matrix metalloprotease capable of degrading basement membranes. To assess changes in vasculature, immunostaining, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were performed for Pecam-1, a platelet endothelial cell adhesion marker also known as CD31. Lastly, to characterize potential regulatory mechanisms of endothelial cell differentiation, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR for FoxM1, a key endothelium-specific transcription factor of the Forkhead Box (Fox) family, were completed. Results Qualitative immunostaining for collagen IV was less in RAGE TG mice compared to controls and immunoblotting revealed decreased collagen IV in the RAGE TG mouse lung. Additionally, elevated MMP-9 detected via immunostaining and immunoblotting implicated MMP-9 as a possible down stream effector in matrix destabilization mediated by RAGE signaling. Lastly, Pecam-1 assessment revealed a decrease in the prevalence of microvascular endothelial cells coincident with FoxM1 abrogation in RAGE TG mice compared to controls. Conclusions RAGE over-expression by alveolar epithelium weakened the basement membrane and associated matrix via increased MMP-9 activity. Furthermore, over-expression of RAGE inhibited FoxM1, suggesting that anomalous transcriptional control contributes to decreased endothelial cell prevalence in the TG mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 375A Widtsoe Building, 84602 Provo, UT, USA.
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171
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Rodríguez-Cotto RI, Ortiz-Martínez MG, Rivera- Ramírez E, Méndez LB, Dávila JC, Jiménez-Vélez BD. African Dust Storms Reaching Puerto Rican Coast Stimulate the Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 and Cause Cytotoxicity to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B). Health (London) 2013; 5:14-28. [PMID: 25002916 PMCID: PMC4082624 DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.510a2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
African dust storm events (ADE) travel across the Atlantic Ocean (ADEAO) and reach the Puerto Rican coast (ADEPRC), potentially impacting air quality and human health. To what extent seasonal variations in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) size fractions, composition and sources trigger respiratory-adverse effects to Puerto Ricans is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of PM samples harvested during ADEAO (PM10), ADEPRC (PM2.5 and PM10) and Non-ADE (Preand Post-ADEAO and Non-ADEPRC), using BEAS-2B cells. Endotoxins (ENX) in PM2.5 and PM10 extracts and traces of metals (TMET) in PM2.5 extracts were also examined. IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and cytotoxicity were used as endpoints. ADEAO and ADEPRC extracts were found to be more cytotoxic than Non-ADE and ADEAO were more toxic than ADEPRC extracts. PM10 extracts from ADEAO and Post-ADEAO caused significant secretion of IL-8. IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was higher following treatment with PM10 and PM2.5 ADEPRC than with Non-ADEPRC extracts. ENX levels were found to be higher in PM10 ADEAO than in the rest of the samples tested. TMET levels were higher in PM2.5 ADEPRC than in Non-ADEPRC extracts. Deferoxamine significantly reduced cytotoxicity and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion whereas Polymyxin B did not. TMET in PM2.5 fractions is a major determinant in ADEPRC-induced toxicity and work in conjunction with ENX to cause toxicity to lung cells in vitro. ENX and TMET may be responsible, in part, for triggering PM-respiratory adverse responses in susceptible and predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mario G. Ortiz-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Evasomary Rivera- Ramírez
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda B. Méndez
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Science and Technology School, Eastern University, Carolina, Puerto Rico
| | - Julio C. Dávila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Braulio D. Jiménez-Vélez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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172
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Yao H, Hwang JW, Sundar IK, Friedman AE, McBurney MW, Guarente L, Gu W, Kinnula VL, Rahman I. SIRT1 redresses the imbalance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of mouse emphysema and human COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L615-24. [PMID: 24039251 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a protein/histone deacetylase, protects against the development of pulmonary emphysema. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation remain elusive. The imbalance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs)/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema. We hypothesized that SIRT1 protects against emphysema by redressing the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs. To test this hypothesis, SIRT1-deficient and overexpressing/transgenic mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). The protein level and activity of MMP-9 were increased in lungs of SIRT1-deficient mice exposed to CS compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, and these effects were attenuated by SIRT1 overexpression. SIRT1 deficiency decreased the level of TIMP-1, which was augmented in SIRT1 transgenic mice compared with WT littermates by CS. However, the level of MMP-2, MMP-12, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, or TIMP-4 was not altered by SIRT1 in response to CS exposure. SIRT1 reduction was associated with imbalance of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in lungs of smokers and COPD patients. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that TIMP-1 acetylation on specific lysine residues was increased, whereas its interaction with SIRT1 and MMP-9 was reduced in mouse lungs with emphysema, as well as in lungs of smokers and COPD patients. SIRT1 deficiency increased CS-induced TIMP-1 acetylation, and these effects were attenuated by SIRT1 overexpression. These results suggest that SIRT1 protects against COPD/emphysema, in part, via redressing the TIMP-1/MMP-9 imbalance involving TIMP-1 deacetylation. Thus redressing the TIMP-1/MMP-9 imbalance by pharmacological activation of SIRT1 is an attractive approach in the intervention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642.
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173
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Stogsdill MP, Stogsdill JA, Bodine BG, Fredrickson AC, Sefcik TL, Wood TT, Kasteler SD, Reynolds PR. Conditional overexpression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products in the adult murine lung causes airspace enlargement and induces inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:128-34. [PMID: 23526218 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0013oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are multiligand surface receptors detected abundantly in pulmonary tissue. Our previous work revealed increased RAGE expression in cells and lungs exposed to tobacco smoke and RAGE-mediated cytokine expression via proinflammatory mechanisms involving NF-κB. RAGE expression is elevated in various pathological states, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, precise contributions of RAGE to the progression of emphysema and pulmonary inflammation in the adult lung are unknown. In the current study, we generated a RAGE transgenic (RAGE TG) mouse and conditionally induced adult alveolar epithelium to overexpress RAGE. RAGE was induced after the period of alveologenesis, from weaning (20 d of age) until animals were killed at 50, 80, and 110 days (representing 30, 60, and 90 d of RAGE overexpression). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and mean chord length revealed incremental dilation of alveolar spaces as RAGE overexpression persisted. TUNEL staining and electron microscopy confirmed increased apoptosis and blebbing of alveolar epithelium in lungs from RAGE TG mice when compared with control mice. Immunohistochemistry for matrix metalloproteinase 9 revealed an overall increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9, which correlated with decreased elastin expression in RAGE TG mice. Furthermore, RAGE TG mice manifested significant inflammation measured by elevated bronchoalveolar lavage protein, leukocyte infiltration, and secreted cytokines. These data support the concept that innovative transgenic mice that overexpress RAGE may model pulmonary inflammation and alveolar destabilization independent of tobacco smoke and validate RAGE signaling as a target pathway in the prevention or attenuation of smoke-related inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan P Stogsdill
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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174
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Yang YG, Tian WM, Zhang H, Li M, Shang YX. Nerve growth factor exacerbates allergic lung inflammation and airway remodeling in a rat model of chronic asthma. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1251-1258. [PMID: 24223654 PMCID: PMC3820700 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation in vivo and induces proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in vitro. However, the effects of NGF on chronic pulmonary diseases of allergic origin remain unknown. To investigate the effects of NGF on lung inflammation and airway remodeling, 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, NGF, ovalbumin (OVA) and anti-rat-β-NGF antibody (anti-NGF). Aerosolized OVA was administered to the rats in the NGF, OVA and anti-NGF groups to generate the asthmatic rat model, and NGF or anti-NGF was administered 3 h prior to OVA inhalation every two days. On day 70, bronchial responsiveness tests, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and cell counting were conducted. The levels of serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and of T-helper cell type-2 (Th2) cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13] in the BAL fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of NGF protein and MMP-9 mRNA, and the activity of MMP-9 in the lungs were detected by western blot analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography analysis, respectively. Our results showed that NGF significantly increased eosinophilic airway inflammation, persistent airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and the levels of Th2 cytokines in the BAL fluid, and also increased the expression levels and activity of MMP-9. However, anti-NGF treatment significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation, persistent AHR and airway remodeling. The results showed that NGF may have exacerbated the development of airway inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling through a Th2 pathway and by increasing the level of MMP-9 expression. Therefore, anti-NGF is potentially beneficial for preventing and treating patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gang Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 100004, P.R. China
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175
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Chiang TY, Yu YL, Lin CW, Tsao SM, Yang SF, Yeh CB. The circulating level of MMP-9 and its ratio to TIMP-1 as a predictor of severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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176
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Kim JS, Kang JY, Ha JH, Lee HY, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Ahn JH, Kwon SS, Kim YK, Lee SY. Expression of nerve growth factor and matrix metallopeptidase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in asthmatic patients. J Asthma 2013; 50:712-7. [PMID: 23713676 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.808664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in bronchial specimens from humans and to determine whether it correlated with not only clinical characteristics of asthma such as percent eosinophils, Th2 cytokine levels, and pulmonary function, but also metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). METHODS Fifty-three people participated; 42 had asthma. The participants underwent bronchoscopy and the specimens were analyzed. The participants' clinical data including pulmonary function tests were reviewed. RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with asthma had a significantly higher level of NGF compared with that from participants without asthma. NGF level showed a positive correlation with the percentage of eosinophils in both BALF and serum. The concentration of NGF did not correlate with that of Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF or parameters of pulmonary function including degree of airway hyperresponsiveness (ARH). The levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in BALF were higher in asthma patients than in participants without asthma. The levels of NGF correlated with TIMP-1 levels but not with MMP-9 in the whole participants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that NGF correlates with levels of eosinophils, a major effector cell in asthma. The high expression of NGF and TIMP-1 in asthma patients and the moderate correlation between NGF and TIMP-1 in the entire group of asthma subjects suggest a possible association between NGF and TIMP-1, which may influence asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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177
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Ganesan S, Sajjan US. Repair and Remodeling of airway epithelium after injury in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2. [PMID: 24187653 DOI: 10.1007/s13665-013-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
COPD is thought to develop as a result of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, occupational or other environmental hazards and it comprises both airways and parenchyma. Acute infections or chronic colonization of airways with bacteria may also contribute to development and/or progression of COPD lung disease. Airway epithelium is the primary target for the inhaled environmental factors and pathogens. The repetitive injury as a result of chronic exposure to environmental factors may result in persistent activation of pathways involved in airway epithelial repair, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, altered migration and proliferation of progenitor cells, and abnormal redifferentiation leading to airway remodeling. Development of model systems which mimics chronic airways disease as observed in COPD is required to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal airway epithelial repair that are specific to COPD and to also develop novel therapies focused on airway epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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178
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Yang MS, Lee HS, Kim MH, Song WJ, Kim TW, Kwon JW, Kim SH, Park HW, Chang YS, Cho SH, Min KU. Rhinitis patients with sputum eosinophilia show decreased lung function in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:232-8. [PMID: 23814677 PMCID: PMC3695238 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sputum eosinophilia is observed frequently in patients with rhinitis. Sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic allergic rhinitis has been suggested to be related to nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, the clinical significance of sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic rhinitis without AHR has not been determined. We conducted a retrospective study examining the influence of sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic rhinitis without AHR on pulmonary function and expression of fibrosis-related mediators. Methods Eighty-nine patients with moderate-to-severe perennial rhinitis without AHR were included. All underwent lung function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]), skin tests to inhalant allergens, methacholine bronchial challenge tests, and hypertonic saline-induced sputum to determine eosinophil counts. Sputum mRNA levels for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were also examined. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of sputum eosinophilia (≥3%, eosinophilia-positive [EP] and <3%, eosinophilia-negative [EN] groups). Results FEV1 was significantly lower (P=0.04) and FEV1/FVC tended to be lower (P=0.1) in the EP group than in the EN group. In sputum analyses, the MMP-9 mRNA level (P=0.005) and the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 expression (P=0.01) were significantly higher in the EP group than in the EN group. There was no significant difference in TGF-β mRNA expression between the two groups. Conclusions Sputum eosinophilia in patients with moderate-to-severe perennial rhinitis without AHR influenced FEV1 and the expression pattern of fibrosis-related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Suk Yang
- Department of Internal medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Jiménez-Morales S, Martínez-Aguilar N, Gamboa-Becerra R, Jiménez-Ruíz JL, López-Ley D, Lou H, Saldaña-Alvarez Y, Dean M, Orozco L. Polymorphisms in metalloproteinase-9 are associated with the risk for asthma in Mexican pediatric patients. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:998-1002. [PMID: 23639553 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, which induces airway remodelling of the extracellular matrix over time. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in this process, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP genes may influence their mRNA expression levels or abilities to bind substrates and inhibitors, thereby contributing to asthma predisposition and severity. MMP-9 is highly expressed in airways and many studies support its involvement in asthma pathogenesis; however the contribution of MMP-9 SNPs is controversial. To investigate whether MMP-9 SNPs are associated with childhood-onset asthma in Mexican patients we conducted a case-control study including 403 children with clinical asthma diagnoses and 426 healthy controls from Mexico. The cases and controls were matched by ethnicity and gender. We found that the SNPs rs2274755, rs17577, and rs3918249 were associated with asthma risk. The most significant associations were with rs2274755 (OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.31-3.39, P=0.001) and rs17577 (OR=2.07, 95% CI 1.29-3.30, P=0.001); which were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Both SNPs were also associated with atopic asthma (OR=2.38, 95% CI 1.44-3 · 96, P=0.0005). The SNP rs3918249 exhibited a female gender-dependent association with asthma (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.14-2.43, P=0.007). Our results suggest that MMP-9 polymorphisms could play a role in the susceptibility to childhood-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Effect of fudosteine, a cysteine derivative, on airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in a murine model of asthma. Life Sci 2013; 92:1015-23. [PMID: 23583570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fudosteine is a cysteine derivative that is used as an expectorant in chronic bronchial inflammatory disorders. It has been shown to decrease the number of goblet cells in an animal model. This study examined the effects of fudosteine on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. MAIN METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), and subsequently challenged with nebulized ovalbumin three days a week for four weeks. Seventy-two hours after the fourth challenge, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assessed. Fudosteine was administered orally at 10mg/kg or 100mg/kg body weight from the first to the fourth challenge. KEY FINDINGS We investigated the effects of fudosteine on the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chronic allergen challenges. The administration of fudosteine during the challenge with ovalbumin prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of lymphocytes in the airways. Eotaxin, IL-4, and TGF-β levels and the relative intensity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in BAL fluid were reduced by the fudosteine treatment; however, the number of eosinophils in BAL fluid and serum IgE levels did not change. The expression of TGF-β, the development of goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagenization, and basement membrane thickening were also reduced by the fudosteine treatment. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that fudosteine is effective in reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma.
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases, a group of over 26 zinc-dependent enzymes, share a similar structure to each other and functionally are capable of degrading almost every component of the extracellular matrix. They are essential to normal development during embryogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling and, given this, understandably enough have been implicated in multiple pathologic processes that encompass the inflammatory and neoplastic spectrum of disease. This review attempts to define roles of matrix metalloproteinases of relevance in normal skin and to elucidate their roles in inflammatory dermatoses and benign and malignant neoplasms.
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Kennedy VE, Todd JL, Palmer SM. Bronchoalveolar lavage as a tool to predict, diagnose and understand bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:552-61. [PMID: 23356456 PMCID: PMC3582805 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a condition of irreversible small airway fibrosis, is the principal factor limiting long-term survival after lung transplantation. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), techniques central to lung transplant clinical practice, provide a unique opportunity to interrogate the lung allograft during BOS development and identify potential disease mechanisms or biomarkers. Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have evaluated the BAL cellular composition, cytokine profiles and protein constituents in lung transplant recipients with BOS. To date, however, no summative evaluation of this literature has been reported. We developed and applied objective criteria to qualitatively rank the strength of associations between BAL parameters and BOS in order to provide a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the literature. Our analysis indicates that several BAL parameters, including neutrophil count, interleukin-8, alpha defensins and MMP-9, demonstrate highly replicable associations with BOS. Additionally, we suggest that considerable opportunity exists to increase the knowledge gained from BAL analyses in BOS through increased sample sizes, covariant adjustment and standardization of the BAL technique. Further efforts to leverage analysis of BAL constituents in BOS may offer great potential to provide additional in-depth and mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E. Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jamie L. Todd
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Scott M. Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
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Burgess JL, Kurzius-Spencer M, O'Rourke MK, Littau SR, Roberge J, Meza-Montenegro MM, Gutiérrez-Millán LE, Harris RB. Environmental arsenic exposure and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:163-9. [PMID: 23232971 PMCID: PMC4030392 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between environmental arsenic exposure and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer. In a cross-sectional study of residents of Arizona, USA (n=215) and Sonora, Mexico (n=163), drinking water was assayed for total arsenic, and daily drinking water arsenic intake was estimated. Urine was speciated for arsenic, and concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity. Serum was analyzed for MMP-9 using ELISA. Mixed model linear regression was used to assess the relation among drinking water arsenic concentration, drinking water arsenic intake, urinary arsenic sum of species (the sum of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid), and MMP-9, controlling for autocorrelation within households. Drinking water arsenic concentration and intake were positively associated with MMP-9, both in crude analysis and after adjustment for gender, country/ethnicity, age, body mass index, current smoking, and diabetes. Urinary arsenic sum of species was positively associated with MMP-9 in multivariable analysis only. Using Akaike's Information Criterion, arsenic concentration in drinking water provided a better fitting model of MMP-9 than either urinary arsenic or drinking water arsenic intake. In conclusion, arsenic exposure evaluated using all three exposure metrics was positively associated with MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Ichikawa T, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Kikuchi T, Hiramatsu M, Kawabata H, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Nakanishi M, Matsunaga K, Minakata Y, Ichinose M. 25-hydroxycholesterol promotes fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling through NF-κB dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1176-86. [PMID: 23485764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal structural alterations termed remodeling, including fibrosis and alveolar wall destruction, are important features of the pathophysiology of chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is enzymatically produced by cholesterol 25-hydorxylase (CH25H) in macrophages and is reported to be involved in the formation of arteriosclerosis. We previously demonstrated that the expression of CH25H and production of 25HC were increased in the lungs of COPD. However, the role of 25-HC in lung tissue remodeling is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of 25-HC on fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling using human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) in vitro. 25-HC significantly augmented α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (P<0.001) and collagen I (P<0.001) expression in HFL-1. 25-HC also significantly enhanced the release and activation of matrix metallaoproteinase (MMP)-2 (P<0.001) and MMP-9 (P<0.001) without any significant effect on the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. 25-HC stimulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production (P<0.01) and a neutralizing anti-TGF-β antibody restored these 25-HC-augmented pro-fibrotic responses. 25-HC significantly promoted the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 into the nuclei (P<0.01), but not phospholylated-c-jun, a complex of activator protein-1. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB restored the 25-HC-augmented pro-fibrotic responses and TGF-β1 release. These results suggest that 25-HC could contribute to fibroblast-mediated lung tissue remodeling by promoting myofibroblast differentiation and the excessive release of extracellular matrix protein and MMPs via an NF-κB-TGF-β dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Expression of gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and gelatinase activator (MMP-14) in actinic keratosis and in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2013; 34:723-8. [PMID: 22534634 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31824b1ddf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the established role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in physiological processes in the skin, we investigated the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 to evaluate their role in the grading and development of atypical epithelial lesions. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against these MMPs in actinic keratosis (AK; n = 24), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ (SCCIS; n = 27), SCC well differentiated (SCCWD; n = 28), and SCC moderately to poorly differentiated (SCCMPD; n = 20). Tumoral and stromal expression was assessed by intensity (SI) and percentage positivity (PC). The mean of the total score, calculated by adding intensity and percentage positivity, was used for statistical analyses. In AK, SCCIS, SCCWD, and SCCMPD, mean tumoral MMP-2 expression was 3.33, 4.07, 4.46, and 3.40, respectively (P = NS for all) and stromal expression was 1.42, 3.26, 3.07, and 1.55 respectively (P < 0.05 for AK vs. SCCIS/SCCWD and SCCMPD vs. SCCIS/SCCWD); mean tumoral MMP-9 expression was 4.33, 4.11, 4.46, and 3.35, respectively, and stromal expression was 4.29, 4.41, 4.75, and 4.60, respectively (P = NS for all) and, mean tumoral MMP-14 expression was 1.58, 2.41, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively (P < 0.05 AK vs. SCCWD and SCCIS vs. SCCWD/SCCMPD) and stromal expression was 3.04, 3.52, 0.46, and 0.60, respectively (P < 0.05 for AK vs. SCCWD/SCCMPD). Only MMP-14 showed a statistically significant linear trend with decreasing values for tumoral and stromal expression with invasion suggesting that it might be of use as a prognosticator. Enhanced stromal MMP-2 expression in SCCIS and SCCWD relative to AK suggests that it may be of relevance to disease progression.
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186
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Shiau MY, Fan LC, Yang SC, Tsao CH, Lee H, Cheng YW, Lai LC, Chang YH. Human papillomavirus up-regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity by inducing interleukin-8 in lung adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54423. [PMID: 23349885 PMCID: PMC3549962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with non-smoking female lung cancer. Our previous report demonstrated that HPV 16 promotes lung tumor cell progression by up-regulating interleukin-17 (IL-17). IL-17 and its downstream signaling mediator, interleukin-8 (IL-8), have been implicated to modulate a variety of pro-angiogenic factors and play important roles in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that HPV infection may potentiate tumorigenic and metastatic characteristics of the infected cells through IL-8. The goal of the present study was to determine whether HPV infection in lung adenocarcinoma cells can promote the expression of IL-8 and metalloproteinases (MMPs) to make the transformed cells equipped with angiogenic and metastatic characteristics. The expression of IL-8 and MMPs in HPV 16 E6-transfected H1299 cells was analyzed to examine the hypothesis. HPV 16 E6 up-regulates pro-angiogenic MMP-2 and MMP-9 through inducing IL-8 expression in lung cancer cells. The results indicate that, in addition to cell proliferation-related machinery, HPV infection promotes the expression and activities of angiogenic and metastatic molecules in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The cytokines induced by HPV infection may work together to confer the malignant and tumorigenic potentials on the infected cells by promoting machineries of growth, angiogenic and metastatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuh Shiau
- Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Ching Fan
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Chun Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hui Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chuan Lai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hua S, Zhang X, An S, Liu X, Feng Z. PIP, Not FiO<sub>2</sub> Regulates Expression of MMP-9 in the Newborn Rabbit VILI with Different Mechanical Ventilation Strategies. Chin Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2013.44017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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188
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Yatmaz S, Seow HJ, Gualano RC, Wong ZX, Stambas J, Selemidis S, Crack PJ, Bozinovski S, Anderson GP, Vlahos R. Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Reduces Influenza A Virus–Induced Lung Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:17-26. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0345oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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189
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Bayraktar C, Atmaca S, Guvenc D, Karayigit MO, Atmaca E, Yarim M, Aksoy A. Is it really necessary to delay intranasal steroid treatment after FESS? An animal study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 148:314-23. [PMID: 23232827 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812470430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of early intranasal steroid administration on wound healing after sinus surgery. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded animal study. SETTING Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-two male New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral 3-mm punch resection of the concha nasalis ventralis. The animals were divided into 3 groups: saline, late steroid, and early steroid. The saline group received saline drops, the late steroid group received saline drops for 7 days followed by intranasal mometasone furoate 50 µg/nostril/d, and the early steroid group received intranasal mometasone furoate (same dose) starting on postoperative day 1. The animals were sacrificed on postoperative days 10 and 21. Left nasal specimens were examined histopathologically with hematoxylin-eosin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) stains. Right nasal specimens were examined with high-performance liquid chromatography, and hydroxyproline levels were measured as mg/g in wet tissue. RESULTS Late steroid and early steroid groups were similar with regard to MMP-9 staining on days 10 and 21. On day 10, the early steroid group revealed significantly intense MMP-9 staining when compared with the saline group, and the late steroid and early steroid groups revealed significant fibrosis when compared with the saline group. Hydroxyproline levels were similar in all groups on day 10. The early steroid group revealed significantly higher hydroxyproline levels when compared with the late steroid group on day 21. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that early intranasal steroid administration after sinus surgery in an animal model has no detrimental effects with regard to wound-healing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Bayraktar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Cao J, Chen Y, Chen P, Peng H, Cai S, Luo H, Wu SJ. Intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract induced emphysema, and injury of cardiac and skeletal muscles in BALB/C mice. Exp Lung Res 2012; 39:18-31. [PMID: 23216006 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.745910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive, airway disease. In order to recognize mechanisms of COPD, various types of COPD animal models have been established, and the pathogenesis are different. The present study was designed to establish a COPD animal model by intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in BALB/C mice. METHODS Mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS/CSE and sacrificed at day 28. Pulmonary function, pathology of lung tissue, morphology of hearts and skeletal muscle, leukocytes count and antioxidant activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary parenchymal apoptosis index (AI), expression of cleaved caspase-3, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA, and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung tissue were measured. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of CSE induced pulmonary parenchymal destruction, pulmonary function reduction, leukocytes count, injury of cardiac and peripheral muscles, and increased pulmonary parenchymal AI, cleaved caspase-3 protein, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA, activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in lung tissue, and suppressed antioxidant activity in BALF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal injection of CSE produced emphysema, pulmonary parenchymal apoptosis, and injury of cardiac and skeletal muscles in mice. All pathobiologically relevant mechanisms in this model are shared with the COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Hogmalm A, Bäckström E, Bry M, Lappalainen U, Lukkarinen HP, Bry K. Role of CXC chemokine receptor-2 in a murine model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:746-58. [PMID: 22865624 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0394oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of neutrophils and CXC chemokines to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is not well defined. The transgenic expression of IL-1β in the pulmonary epithelium causes lung inflammation and disrupts alveolar development in infant mice. To study the hypothesis that CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) is a mediator of inflammatory lung injury, we compared lung development in IL-1β-expressing mice with wild-type (IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+)) or null (IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-)) CXCR2 loci. CXCR2 deficiency abolished the transmigration of neutrophils into the alveolar lumen in IL-1β-expressing mice, but did not alter the number of neutrophils in the parenchyma. The deletion of CXCR2 increased the alveolar chord length and reduced the survival of mice when IL-1β was expressed from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages. The capillary configuration was highly abnormal in both IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) and IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) lungs, but in very different ways. The cellular area of the parenchyma and the total capillary area of IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) and IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) mice were smaller than those of control/CXCR2(+/+) and control/CXCR2(-/-) mice, but the ratio of capillary area to cellular area was similar in all four genotypes. When IL-1β was expressed during the saccular stage, IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) mice had smaller alveolar chord lengths and better survival than did IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) mice. Independent of the timing of IL-1β expression, IL-1β increased alveolar septal thickness in mice with wild-type CXCR2 loci, but not in CXCR2 null mice. Depending on the developmental stage at the time of the inflammatory insult, inhibition of the CXCR2 pathway may exert opposite effects on alveolar septation in the neonatal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hogmalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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192
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MMP-9 cleaves SP-D and abrogates its innate immune functions in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41881. [PMID: 22860023 PMCID: PMC3408449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Possession of a properly functioning innate immune system in the lung is vital to prevent infections due to the ongoing exposure of the lung to pathogens. While mechanisms of pulmonary innate immunity have been well studied, our knowledge of how these systems are altered in disease states, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, is limited. One innate immune protein in the lung, the pulmonary collectin SP-D, has been shown to be important in innate immune defense, as well as clearance of allergens and apoptotic cells. MMP-9 is a protease with a wide variety of substrates, and has been found to be dysregulated in a myriad of lung diseases ranging from asthma to cystic fibrosis; in many of these conditions, there are decreased levels of SP-D. Our results indicate that MMP-9 is able to cleave SP-D in vitro and this cleavage leads to loss of its innate immune functions, including its abilities to aggregate bacteria and increase phagocytosis by mouse alveolar macrophages. However, MMP-9-cleaved SP-D was still detected in a solid-phase E. coli LPS-binding assay, while NE-cleaved SP-D was not. In addition, MMP-9 seems to cleave SP-D much more efficiently than NE at physiological levels of calcium. Previous studies have shown that in several diseases, including cystic fibrosis and asthma, patients have increased expression of MMP-9 in the lungs as well as decreased levels of intact SP-D. As patients suffering from many of the diseases in which MMP-9 is over-expressed can be more susceptible to pulmonary infections, it is possible that MMP-9 cleavage of SP-D may contribute to this phenotype.
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Prely LM, Paal K, Hermans J, van der Heide S, van Oosterhout AJ, Bischoff R. Quantification of matrix metalloprotease-9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by selected reaction monitoring with microfluidics nano-liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1246:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kamio K, Yoshida T, Gao C, Ishii T, Ota F, Motegi T, Kobayashi S, Fujinawa R, Ohtsubo K, Kitazume S, Angata T, Azuma A, Gemma A, Nishimura M, Betsuyaku T, Kida K, Taniguchi N. α1,6-Fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is implicated in vulnerability to elastase-induced emphysema in mice and a possible non-invasive predictive marker for disease progression and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:112-7. [PMID: 22732410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fut8 (α1,6-Fucosyltransferase) heterozygous knock-out (Fut8(+/-)) mice had an increased influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs, and this was associated with an up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, after treatment with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), exhibiting an emphysema-prone phenotype as compared with wild type mice (Fut8(+/+)). The present data as well as our previous data on cigarette-smoke-induced emphysema [8] led us to hypothesize that reduced Fut8 levels leads to COPD with increased inflammatory response in humans and is associated with disease progression. To test this hypothesis, symptomatic current or ex-smokers with stable COPD or at risk outpatients were recruited. We investigated the association between serum Fut8 activity and disease severity, including the extent of emphysema (percentage of low-attenuation area; LAA%), airflow limitation, and the annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). Association with the exacerbation of COPD was also evaluated over a 3-year period. Serum Fut8 and MMP-9 activity were measured. Fut8 activity significantly increased with age among the at risk patients. In the case of COPD patients, however, the association was not clearly observed. A faster annual decline of FEV(1) was significantly associated with lower Fut8 activity. Patients with lower Fut8 activity experienced exacerbations more frequently. These data suggest that reduced Fut8 activity is associated with the progression of COPD and serum Fut8 activity is a non-invasive predictive biomarker candidate for progression and exacerbation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kamio
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Oncology, and Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
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195
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Korytina GF, Tselousova OS, Akhmadishina LZ, Viktorova EV, Zagidullin SZ, Viktorova TV. Association of MMP3, MMP9, ADAM33, and TIMP3 polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its progression. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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196
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Zhou Y, Tan X, Kuang W, Liu L, Wan L. Erythromycin ameliorates cigarette-smoke-induced emphysema and inflammation in rats. Transl Res 2012; 159:464-72. [PMID: 22633097 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with emphysema. In addition to chronic lung inflammation, emphysema is known mainly for the complex pathogenesis associated with imbalance of proteolytic and antiproteolytic activities, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of lung structural cells. Increasing evidence shows that erythromycin, which is a macrolide antibiotic, ameliorates chronic inflammation via mechanisms independent of its antibacterial activity. We hypothesize that erythromycin protects against CS-induced emphysema and inflammation in rats via its anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis action. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheally solution twice and exposed to the CS, the control rats were administered saline intratracheally and exposed to ambient air for 3 weeks. Then, all the CS rats were distributed randomly into 3 groups and, respectively, treated orally with saline (LPS + CS + saline), Guilongkechuanning capsule (450 mg/kg) (LPS + CS + GLKCN), or erythromycin (100 mg/kg) (LPS + CS + ERY) 0.5 h before CS exposure for 2 weeks. On day 36, the rats were killed. The cytokines in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The middle lobe of the right lung was removed for histology and apoptosis analyses, respectively. Emphysematous lesions and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the CS group were evident by a histologic analysis. Erythromycin protected significantly against the alveolar enlargement levels (P = 0.0017), reduced the pathologic apoptosis (P = 0.0023) related with Bcl-2 (P = 0.0002) and Bax (P = 0.0002), and inhibited the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (P = 0.0019) and TIMP-1 protein (P = 0.04) and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (P = 0.0002) in the lungs of CS-induced emphysema in rats. The protective effect of erythromycin on CS-induced emphysema and inflammation in rats is associated with a reduction in inflammation, imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, and apoptosis of lung structural cells. However, erythromycin did not recover completely the emphysematous morphologic changes to the levels when compared with control rats. This distinctive pattern implies that erythromycin might have the potential to suppress airway inflammation and maintain the integrity of airway epithelium to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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197
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Palladini G, Ferrigno A, Rizzo V, Boncompagni E, Richelmi P, Freitas I, Perlini S, Vairetti M. Lobe-specific heterogeneity and matrix metalloproteinase activation after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat livers. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:722-30. [PMID: 22549974 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312441403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies assessing the effects of partial-hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury focused on the damage to the ischemic-lobe, whereas few data are available on non-ischemic lobe. This study investigated whether acute liver I/R does affect non-ischemic lobe function via modulation of extracellular matrix remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left lateral- and median-lobe ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min or sham operation. After reperfusion, blood samples and hepatic biopsies from both the ischemic (left-lobe, LL) and the non-ischemic lobe (right-lobe, RL) were collected. Serum hepatic enzymes and TNF-alpha, tissue matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), liver morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were evaluated. Liver I/R injury was confirmed by altered increased hepatic enzymes and TNF-alpha. I/R induced an altered morphology and an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity not only in left-ischemic lobe (LL) but also in the right-non-ischemic (RL) lobe. A lobar difference was detected for MDA formation and MPO activity in both sham and I/R submitted rats, with higher levels in the left lobe for both groups. This study indicates that an increase in MMPs, which may be TNF-alpha-mediated, occurs in both the ischemic- and the non-ischemic lobes; the heterogeneous lobe concentrations of MDA and MPO suggest that the random sampling of liver tissue should be avoided.
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198
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Sugiura H, Kawabata H, Ichikawa T, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Kikuchi T, Minakata Y, Matsunaga K, Nakanishi M, Hirano T, Akamatsu K, Furukawa K, Ichinose M. Inhibitory effects of theophylline on the peroxynitrite-augmented release of matrix metalloproteinases by lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L764-74. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00342.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline have been reported to include inhibition of the release of proinflammatory mediators from macrophages and neutrophils. Overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been reported in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and this causes tissue inflammation and injury. We investigated whether peroxynitrite stimulated the release of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and -9; gelatinases) from human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell line) and whether theophylline inhibited the peroxynitrite-augmented release of MMPs. HFL-1 cells and primary lung fibroblasts were treated with peroxynitrite (an RNS), and gelatinases levels were evaluated by gelatin zymography. The inhibitory effect of theophylline on the peroxynitrite-augmented release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was also investigated. To explore the cell signaling pathways involved in the peroxynitrite-induced gelatinases release and the inhibitory effect of theophylline, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) were measured. Peroxynitrite significantly augmented the release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by fibroblasts ( P < 0.01), as well as TGF-β1 release ( P < 0.01), NF-κB activation ( P < 0.01), and HDAC2 inactivation ( P < 0.01). An NF-κB inhibitor diminished the RNS-augmented release of MMPs and TGF-β1 ( P < 0.01), and a neutralizing TGF-β antibody also diminished MMP release ( P < 0.01). Theophylline significantly inhibited the peroxynitrite-augmented release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HFL-1 cells and normal adult lung fibroblasts, and it also inhibited the peroxynitrite-mediated HDAC2 inactivation, NF-κB activation, and TGF-β1 release in HFL-1 cells (all P < 0.01). These results suggest that peroxynitrite can influence tissue remodeling by promoting gelatinases release, while theophylline suppresses peroxynitrite-induced tissue remodeling via pathways involving NF-κB/TGF-β1 and/or HDAC in the HFL-1 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawabata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Yanagisawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Minakata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Akamatsu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kanako Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
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199
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Bradley LM, Douglass MF, Chatterjee D, Akira S, Baaten BJG. Matrix metalloprotease 9 mediates neutrophil migration into the airways in response to influenza virus-induced toll-like receptor signaling. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002641. [PMID: 22496659 PMCID: PMC3320598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The early inflammatory response to influenza virus infection contributes to severe lung disease and continues to pose a serious threat to human health. The mechanisms by which neutrophils gain entry to the respiratory tract and their role during pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report that neutrophils significantly contributed to morbidity in a pathological mouse model of influenza virus infection. Using extensive immunohistochemistry, bone marrow transfers, and depletion studies, we identified neutrophils as the predominant pulmonary cellular source of the gelatinase matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 9, which is capable of digesting the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, infection of MMP9-deficient mice showed that MMP9 was functionally required for neutrophil migration and control of viral replication in the respiratory tract. Although MMP9 release was toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling-dependent, MyD88-mediated signals in non-hematopoietic cells, rather than neutrophil TLRs themselves, were important for neutrophil migration. These results were extended using multiplex analyses of inflammatory mediators to show that neutrophil chemotactic factor, CCL3, and TNFα were reduced in the Myd88−/− airways. Furthermore, TNFα induced MMP9 secretion by neutrophils and blocking TNFα in vivo reduced neutrophil recruitment after infection. Innate recognition of influenza virus therefore provides the mechanisms to induce recruitment of neutrophils through chemokines and to enable their motility within the tissue via MMP9-mediated cleavage of the basement membrane. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown contribution of MMP9 to influenza virus pathogenesis by mediating excessive neutrophil migration into the respiratory tract in response to viral replication that could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Influenza-associated morbidity and mortality due to yearly epidemics and sporadic, devastating pandemics are a significant health and economic burden. Severe complications arising from highly virulent viruses are associated with rapid, massive inflammatory cell infiltration. Although neutrophils are the predominant cell population recruited to the lung in response to pandemic influenza viruses, the mechanisms by which they gain entry to the respiratory tract remain unclear. In this study, we show a previously unknown contribution of MMP9 to influenza pathogenesis by mediating excessive neutrophil migration into the lung, which not only controls viral replication, but also contributes to morbidity. The in vivo relevance of MMP9-derived enzymatic activity in neutrophils is controversial and understudied, but our data provide new evidence that innate recognition of influenza virus attracts neutrophils that secrete MMP9, which enables them to traverse the basement membrane of the lung by digesting the extracellular matrix. The dichotomy of MMP9 function in immunity versus pathology provides real challenges for targeting MMP9 for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, finding the balance to modulate neutrophil numbers following influenza virus infection will allow for innate immunity to be boosted whilst preventing pathology associated with pandemic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mia F. Douglass
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dhrubamitra Chatterjee
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bas J. G. Baaten
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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200
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Tacon CE, Newton R, Proud D, Leigh R. Rhinovirus-induced MMP-9 expression is dependent on Fra-1, which is modulated by formoterol and dexamethasone. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4621-30. [PMID: 22461694 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is implicated in airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. We have previously confirmed that human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16) infection increases MMP-9 expression both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of the AP-1 sites within the MMP-9 promoter and the effect of commonly used asthma pharmacotherapies in modulating human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced MMP-9 production have not yet been elucidated. Experiments were performed in vitro in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line BEAS-2B and in primary HBE cells obtained from non-transplanted lungs. Using site-directed mutagenesis approaches, AP-1 sites were found to be necessary for HRV-induced MMP-9 promoter drive. EMSAs and supershift assays identified complexes consisting of Fos-related Ag-1 (Fra-1) in addition to other AP-1 subunits. Small interfering RNA approaches indicated that Fra-1 was induced upon HRV-16 infection in BEAS-2B cells and was necessary for MMP-9 expression in both BEAS-2B and primary HBE cells. Inhibition of MEK1/2 activity using PD98059 and U0126 reduced Fra-1 expression, DNA binding, MMP-9 promoter drive, and MMP-9 protein production. The long-acting β(2)-agonist formoterol and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone significantly reduced HRV-induced ERK phosphorylation, Fra-1, and MMP-9 expression in BEAS-2B cells. These data indicate that HRV-induced activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway and Fra-1 expression are necessary for the upregulation of MMP-9 and can be modulated by two distinct but commonly used asthma pharmacotherapies. Together, these results offer insights into the mechanisms by which long-acting β(2)-agonists and glucocorticoids might reduce HRV-related asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Tacon
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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