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Chang CC, Saifee M, Ton L, Ashraf D, Winn BJ, Kersten R, Vagefi MR, Deiner M, Grob SR. Eye Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 40:75-87. [PMID: 37656909 PMCID: PMC10926996 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare eye and face trauma in mixed martial arts (MMA) and boxing. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Data from boxing and MMA competitions were extracted from the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) between 2000 and 2020. Details of competitions, contestants, outcomes, and injuries were extracted. RESULTS In total 1539 boxing injuries (from 4313 contests) and 1442 MMA injuries (from 2704 contests) were identified. Boxing had higher eye injury rates compared to MMA ( p < 0.0001), with an odds ratio of 1.268 (95% CI, 1.114-1.444). Eye trauma represented 47.63% of boxing injuries and 25.59% of MMA injuries, with periocular lacerations being the most common eye injury in both. Orbital fractures represented 17.62% of eye injuries in MMA and 3.14% in boxing contests. However, 2%-3% were retinal in both sports, and 3.27% were glaucomatous in boxing. MMA contestants had an odds ratio of 1.823 (95% CI, 1.408-2.359) for requiring physician evaluation following an eye injury compared with boxing. MMA contestants also had a higher rate of face ( p < 0.0001) and body ( p < 0.0001) injuries. For both sports, an increased number of rounds and being the losing fighter were associated with increased odds of eye and face injury. CONCLUSION Although boxing has a higher rate of eye injuries, MMA eye injuries are more likely to require physician evaluation. MMA contestants also have a higher rate of orbital fractures and face and body trauma. A detailed postfight examination and long-term follow-up of ocular injury in combat sports will be vital in proposing reforms to prevent eye trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiun Chang
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Murtaza Saifee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Lauren Ton
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Davin Ashraf
- Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Bryan J Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Robert Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - M Reza Vagefi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Michael Deiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Seanna R Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
- Orbit and Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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Fountain HB, de Monaco BA, Jagid J, Benveniste R, Cordeiro JG. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Related to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e34970. [PMID: 36938171 PMCID: PMC10019495 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a connective tissue disease with vascular abnormalities involving multiple organs. The prevalence of ADPKD associated with a spontaneous subdural hematoma (SDH) is very low, with less than 10 cases reported in the literature to date. Symptomatic chronic SDH is classically treated with a twist drill, burr holes, or craniotomy. Recently, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has emerged as an ancillary modality. We present the first case in the literature of a bilateral SDH in a young ADPKD patient successfully managed with MMA embolization. Moreover, we discuss the role of different treatment modalities on this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayes B Fountain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Bernardo A de Monaco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BRA
| | - Jonathan Jagid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Ronald Benveniste
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Joacir G Cordeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Maron MI, Casill AD, Gupta V, Roth JS, Sidoli S, Query CC, Gamble MJ, Shechter D. Type I and II PRMTs inversely regulate post-transcriptional intron detention through Sm and CHTOP methylation. eLife 2022; 11:e72867. [PMID: 34984976 PMCID: PMC8765754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are required for the regulation of RNA processing factors. Type I PRMT enzymes catalyze mono- and asymmetric dimethylation; Type II enzymes catalyze mono- and symmetric dimethylation. To understand the specific mechanisms of PRMT activity in splicing regulation, we inhibited Type I and II PRMTs and probed their transcriptomic consequences. Using the newly developed Splicing Kinetics and Transcript Elongation Rates by Sequencing (SKaTER-seq) method, analysis of co-transcriptional splicing demonstrated that PRMT inhibition resulted in altered splicing rates. Surprisingly, co-transcriptional splicing kinetics did not correlate with final changes in splicing of polyadenylated RNA. This was particularly true for retained introns (RI). By using actinomycin D to inhibit ongoing transcription, we determined that PRMTs post-transcriptionally regulate RI. Subsequent proteomic analysis of both PRMT-inhibited chromatin and chromatin-associated polyadenylated RNA identified altered binding of many proteins, including the Type I substrate, CHTOP, and the Type II substrate, SmB. Targeted mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in SmD3, SmB, and SmD1 recapitulated splicing changes seen with Type II PRMT inhibition, without disrupting snRNP assembly. Similarly, mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in CHTOP recapitulated the splicing changes seen with Type I PRMT inhibition. Examination of subcellular fractions further revealed that RI were enriched in the nucleoplasm and chromatin. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, through Sm and CHTOP arginine methylation, PRMTs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of nuclear, detained introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim I Maron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Alyssa D Casill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Varun Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Jacob S Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Charles C Query
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Matthew J Gamble
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
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Peacock CA, Mena M, Sanders GJ, Silver TA, Kalman D, Antonio J. Sleep Data, Physical Performance, and Injuries in Preparation for Professional Mixed Martial Arts. Sports (Basel) 2018; 7:E1. [PMID: 30577414 PMCID: PMC6359324 DOI: 10.3390/sports7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to present observational data regarding sleep variables in professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes. These sleep performance measures were related to physical performance and injury in MMA athletes. Eight professional athletes were placed into a quasi-controlled, multivariable fight-camp environment for a six-week period in preparation for fight competition. Throughout a six-week fight camp environment, athletes were continuously monitored for sleep performance measures (sleep latency, sleep efficiency, onset, and wake variances) via validated wearable sleep monitoring technology. Athletes were tested seven days prior to competition on measures of physical performance (vertical jump, VO₂max, heart rate recovery, prowler sled push, and pull-ups). Multiple correlational analyses were utilized to assess relationships between all sleep and physical performance measures. There were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between sleep latency and VO₂max, heart rate recovery, prowler sled push, vertical jump, and missed practice sessions. There were also significant (P < 0.05) correlations between average fall asleep time and heart rate recovery. Lastly, there were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between sleep efficiency, heart rate recovery, and missed practice sessions. MMA athletes who exhibited consistency in sleep demonstrated stronger relationships with performance testing during the fight-camp period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Peacock
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Mauricio Mena
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Sanders
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
| | - Tobin A Silver
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Douglas Kalman
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Mineva EM, Zhang M, Rabinowitz DJ, Phinney KW, Pfeiffer CM. An LC-MS/MS method for serum methylmalonic acid suitable for monitoring vitamin B12 status in population surveys. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2955-64. [PMID: 25258283 PMCID: PMC4515767 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acid (MMA), a functional indicator of vitamin B12 insufficiency, was measured in the US population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004 using a GC/MS procedure that required 275 μL of sample and had a low throughput (36 samples/run). Our objective was to introduce a more efficient yet highly accurate LC-MS/MS method for NHANES 2011-2014. We adapted the sample preparation with some modifications from a published isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS procedure. The procedure utilized liquid-liquid extraction and generation of MMA dibutyl ester. Reversed-phase chromatography with isocratic elution allowed baseline resolution of MMA from its naturally occurring structural isomer succinic acid within 4.5 min. Our new method afforded an increased throughput (≤160 samples/run) and measured serum MMA with high sensitivity (LOD = 22.1 nmol/L) in only 75 μL of sample. Mean (±SD) recovery of MMA spiked into serum (2 d, 4 levels, 2 replicates each) was 94 % ± 5.5 %. Total imprecision (41 d, 2 replicates each) for three serum quality control pools was 4.9 %-7.9 % (97.1-548 nmol/L). The LC-MS/MS method showed excellent correlation (n = 326, r = 0.99) and no bias (Deming regression, Bland-Altman analysis) compared to the previous GC/MS method. Both methods produced virtually identical mean (±SD) MMA concentrations [LC-MS/MS: 18.47 ± 0.71 ng/mL (n = 17), GC/MS: 18.18 ± 0.67 ng/mL (n = 11)] on a future plasma reference material compared with a GC/MS method procedure from the National Institute of Standards and Technology [18.41 ± 0.70 ng/mL (n = 15)]. No adjustment will be necessary to compare previous (1999-2004) to future (2011-2014) NHANES MMA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Mineva
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341; ; 770-488-4836
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341; ; 770-488-4836
| | - Daniel J. Rabinowitz
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341; ; 770-488-4836
| | - Karen W. Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341; ; 770-488-4836
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Burgess JL, Kurzius-Spencer M, Poplin GS, Littau SR, Kopplin MJ, Stürup S, Boitano S, Lantz RC. Environmental arsenic exposure, selenium and sputum alpha-1 antitrypsin. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24:150-5. [PMID: 23838883 PMCID: PMC4019207 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased respiratory disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protects the lung against tissue destruction. The objective of this study was to determine whether arsenic exposure is associated with changes in airway AAT concentration and whether this relationship is modified by selenium. A total of 55 subjects were evaluated in Ajo and Tucson, Arizona. Tap water and first morning void urine were analyzed for arsenic species, induced sputum for AAT and toenails for selenium and arsenic. Household tap-water arsenic, toenail arsenic and urinary inorganic arsenic and metabolites were significantly higher in Ajo (20.6±3.5 μg/l, 0.54±0.77 μg/g and 27.7±21.2 μg/l, respectively) than in Tucson (3.9±2.5 μg/l, 0.16±0.20 μg/g and 13.0±13.8 μg/l, respectively). In multivariable models, urinary monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) was negatively, and toenail selenium positively associated with sputum AAT (P=0.004 and P=0.002, respectively). In analyses stratified by town, these relationships remained significant only in Ajo, with the higher arsenic exposure. Reduction in AAT may be a means by which arsenic induces respiratory disease, and selenium may protect against this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferey L. Burgess
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Margaret Kurzius-Spencer
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gerald S. Poplin
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sally R. Littau
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J. Kopplin
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefan Stürup
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott Boitano
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - R. Clark Lantz
- Division of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Harari F, Engström K, Concha G, Colque G, Vahter M, Broberg K. N-6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) polymorphisms and arsenic methylation in Andean women. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:797-803. [PMID: 23665909 PMCID: PMC3702000 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, inorganic arsenic is metabolized to methylated metabolites mainly by arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). AS3MT polymorphisms are associated with arsenic metabolism efficiency. Recently, a putative N-6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) was found to methylate arsenic in vitro. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the role of N6AMT1 polymorphisms in arsenic methylation efficiency in humans. METHODS We assessed arsenic methylation efficiency in 188 women exposed to arsenic via drinking water (~ 200 µg/L) in the Argentinean Andes by measuring the relative concentrations of arsenic metabolites in urine [inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid] by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We performed genotyping for N6AMT1 and AS3MT polymorphisms by Taqman assays, and gene expression (in blood; n = 63) with Illumina HumanHT-12 v4.0. RESULTS Five N6AMT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1997605, rs2205449, rs2705671, rs16983411, and rs1048546) and two N6AMT1 haplotypes were significantly associated with the percentage of MMA (%MMA) in urine, even after adjusting for AS3MT haplotype. %MMA increased monotonically according to the number of alleles for each SNP (e.g., for rs1048546, mean %MMA was 7.5% for GG, 8.8% for GT, and 9.7% for TT carriers). Three SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (R2 > 0.8). Estimated associations for joint effects of N6AMT1 (haplotype 1) and AS3MT (haplotype 2) were generally consistent with expectations for additive effects of each haplotype on %MMA. Carriers of N6AMT1 genotypes associated with lower %MMA showed the lowest N6AMT1 expression, but associations were monotonic according to copy number for only one genotype and one haplotype. CONCLUSIONS N6AMT1 polymorphisms were associated with arsenic methylation in Andean women, independent of AS3MT. N6AMT1 polymorphisms may be susceptibility markers for arsenic-related toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Harari
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schlebusch CM, Lewis CM, Vahter M, Engström K, Tito RY, Obregón-Tito AJ, Huerta D, Polo SI, Medina ÁC, Brutsaert TD, Concha G, Jakobsson M, Broberg K. Possible positive selection for an arsenic-protective haplotype in humans. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:53-8. [PMID: 23070617 PMCID: PMC3553437 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water causes severe health effects. Indigenous people in the South American Andes have likely lived with arsenic-contaminated drinking water for thousands of years. Inhabitants of San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) in the Argentinean highlands generally carry an AS3MT (the major arsenic-metabolizing gene) haplotype associated with reduced health risks due to rapid arsenic excretion and lower urinary fraction of the monomethylated metabolite. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized an adaptation to high-arsenic living conditions via a possible positive selection for protective AS3MT variants and compared AS3MT haplotype frequencies among different indigenous groups. METHODS Indigenous groups we evaluated were a) inhabitants of SAC and villages near Salta in northern Argentina (n = 346), b) three Native American populations from the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP; n = 25), and c) five Peruvian populations (n = 97). The last two groups have presumably lower historical exposure to arsenic. RESULTS We found a significantly higher frequency of the protective AS3MT haplotype in the SAC population (68.7%) compared with the HGDP (14.3%, p < 0.001, Fisher exact test) and Peruvian (50.5%, p < 0.001) populations. Genome-wide microsatellite (n = 671) analysis showed no detectable level of population structure between SAC and Peruvian populations (measure of population differentiation FST = 0.006) and low levels of structure between SAC and HGDP populations (FST < 0.055 for all pairs of populations compared). CONCLUSIONS Because population stratification seems unlikely to explain the differences in AS3MT haplotype frequencies, our data raise the possibility that, during a few thousand years, natural selection for tolerance to the environmental stressor arsenic may have increased the frequency of protective variants of AS3MT. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Schlebusch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chandler RJ, Venditti CP. Pre-clinical efficacy and dosing of an AAV8 vector expressing human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in a murine model of methylmalonic acidemia ( MMA). Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:617-9. [PMID: 23046887 PMCID: PMC3522145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT), delivered using an AAV serotype 8 vector, rescues the lethal phenotype displayed by mice with MMA and provides long-term phenotypic correction. In addition to defining a lower limit of effective dosing, our studies establish that neither a species barrier to mitochondrial processing nor an apparent immune response to MUT limits the murine model as an experimental platform to test the efficacy of human gene therapy vectors for MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Chandler
- Organic Acid Research Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a metabolic disorder with a poorly defined long-term neurocognitive phenotype. We studied the neuropsychological outcomes of patients and examined clinical covariates that influenced cognition. METHODS A diverse cohort with mut, cblA, or cblB subtypes of isolated MMA (N = 43), ages 2 to 32 years, were evaluated at a single center over a 6-year period. The influence of clinical, laboratory, and metabolic parameters on neuropsychological testing results was determined. RESULTS Early-onset mut patients (n = 21) manifested the most severe neurocognitive impairments, with a mean ± SD full-scale IQ (FSIQ) of 71.1 ± 14.75. Late-onset mut patients (n = 6) had a mean FSIQ of 88.5 ± 27.62. cblA (n = 7), cblB (n = 6), and mut patients diagnosed prenatally or by newborn screening (n = 3) obtained mean FSIQs in the average range (100.7 ± 10.95, 96.6 ± 10.92, and 106.7 ± 6.66, respectively). Hyperammonemia at diagnosis and the presence of a seizure disorder were associated with a lower FSIQ (P = .001 and P = .041, respectively), but other clinical variables, including basal ganglia injury and mutation status, did not. FSIQ remained stable over longitudinal testing (n = 10). Decreased scores on processing speed, compared with all other intellectual domains, emerged as a specific neurocognitive manifestation. CONCLUSIONS The neurocognitive outcomes seen in isolated MMA are highly variable. An earlier age of disease onset, the presence of hyperammonemia at diagnosis, and a history of seizures were associated with more severe impairment. In all patient subtypes, selective deficits in processing speed were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. O’Shea
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health
| | - Jennifer L. Sloan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Edythe A. Wiggs
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
| | - Maryland Pao
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute,,Division of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Eva H. Baker
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Irini Manoli
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Charles P. Venditti
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health
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Rainey CE. Determining the prevalence and assessing the severity of injuries in mixed martial arts athletes. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2009; 4:190-199. [PMID: 21509103 PMCID: PMC2953351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed martial arts (MMA) is currently the fastest growing sport in the United States and has recently surpassed boxing as the most popular full contact sport. Due to the physical nature of the sport, MMA is associated with various types of injuries. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was aimed at identifying prevalence and assessing the severity, location, and type of injuries in MMA athletes sustained during MMA related activities in the twelve month period prior to the survey. METHODS A total of fifty-five subjects between the ages of 18 to 39 participated in the study. Participants were given a two-part questionnaire to collect demographic and injury data. RESULTS Two hundred seven injuries were reported in the study. Low belt ranks had significantly more injuries more than any other belt rank, resulting in more than two times higher injury rate. Professional fighters had significantly more injuries than amateur fighters, resulting in three times higher injury rate. The most common body region injured was the head/neck/face (38.2%), followed by the lower extremities (30.4%), upper extremities (22.7%), torso (8.2%), and groin (0.5%). Injuries to the nose (6.3%), shoulder (6.3%), and toe (6.3%) were the most common. The most common type of injury was contusions (29.4%), followed by strains (16.2%), sprains (14.9%), and abrasions (10.1%). CONCLUSION Injury prevention efforts should consider the prevalence and distribution of injuries and focus on reducing or preventing injuries to the head/neck/face in MMA related activities. Preventative measures should focus on improving protective equipment during training, and possible competition rule modifications to further minimize participant injury.
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McCarty KM, Chen YC, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mahiuddin G, Hsueh YM, Su L, Smith T, Ryan L, Christiani DC. Arsenic methylation, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and skin lesions. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:341-5. [PMID: 17431481 PMCID: PMC1849939 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether primary and secondary arsenic methylation ratios were associated with skin lesions and whether GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms modify these relationships. METHODS A case-control study of 600 cases and 600 controls that were frequency matched on age and sex was conducted in Pabna, Bangladesh, in 2001-2002. Individual well water, urine, and blood samples were collected. Water arsenic concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urinary arsenic speciation was determined using high performance liquid chromatography hydride with generator atomic absorption spectrometry and ICP-MS. Genotyping was conducted using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan. RESULTS A 10-fold increase in primary methylation ratio [monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)/(arsenite + arsenate] was associated with a 1.50-fold increased risk of skin lesions (multivariate odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.26). We observed significant interaction on the multiplicative scale between GSTT1 wildtype and secondary methylation ratio [dimethylarsinic acid/MMA; likelihood ratio test (LRT), p = 0.01]. No significant interactions were observed for GSTM1 or GSTP1 or for primary methylation ratios. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increasing primary methylation ratios are associated with an increase in risk of arsenic-related skin lesions. The interaction between GSTT1 wildtype and secondary methylation ratio modifies risk of skin lesions among arsenic-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McCarty
- Yale University School of Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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Raekallio M. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in porcine milk. Acta Vet Scand 1987; 28:173-6. [PMID: 3447473 PMCID: PMC8185755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sow milk contains a high basal level of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase). The level is extremely high in colostrum. High basal levels seem to hide inflammatory changes. Therefore NAGase did not prove to be as good an indicator for porcine agalactia syndrome as reported for mastitic bovine or ovine milk.
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Raekallio M. Enhanced growth of E. coli in whey from sows with agalactia syndrome. Acta Vet Scand 1987; 28:177-80. [PMID: 3328957 PMCID: PMC8185792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli strains were inoculated into porcine whey samples. Replication rates and the final number of bacteria increased when grown in samples collected from sows affected by the agalactiae syndrome as compared with control samples from healthy ones. The bacteria grew especially well in samples collected on the day of farrowing. The results suggest that milk collected at the very early stages of lactation and from sows affected by agalactia supports growth of E. coli. This might make the mammary glands more sensitive to infections caused by coliform bacteria although the causal relationship remains to be resolved.
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