151
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Zhang X, Chen W, Gao Q, Yang J, Yan X, Zhao H, Su L, Yang M, Gao C, Yao Y, Inoki K, Li D, Shao R, Wang S, Sahoo N, Kudo F, Eguchi T, Ruan B, Xu H. Rapamycin directly activates lysosomal mucolipin TRP channels independent of mTOR. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000252. [PMID: 31112550 PMCID: PMC6528971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (Rap) and its derivatives, called rapalogs, are being explored in clinical trials targeting cancer and neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms of Rap actions, however, are not well understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a lysosome-localized protein kinase that acts as a critical regulator of cellular growth, is believed to mediate most Rap actions. Here, we identified mucolipin 1 (transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1 [TRPML1], also known as MCOLN1), the principle Ca2+ release channel in the lysosome, as another direct target of Rap. Patch-clamping of isolated lysosomal membranes showed that micromolar concentrations of Rap and some rapalogs activated lysosomal TRPML1 directly and specifically. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic inactivation of mTOR failed to mimic the Rap effect. In vitro binding assays revealed that Rap bound directly to purified TRPML1 proteins with a micromolar affinity. In both healthy and disease human fibroblasts, Rap and rapalogs induced autophagic flux via nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, such effects were abolished in TRPML1-deficient cells or by TRPML1 inhibitors. Hence, Rap and rapalogs promote autophagy via a TRPML1-dependent mechanism. Given the demonstrated roles of TRPML1 and TFEB in cellular clearance, we propose that lysosomal TRPML1 may contribute a significant portion to the in vivo neuroprotective and anti-aging effects of Rap via an augmentation of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueni Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenlang Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benfang Ruan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HX); (BR)
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HX); (BR)
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152
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Abstract
Cellular senescence (CS) is one of hallmarks of aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) with age contributes to tissue or organismal aging, as well as the pathophysiologies of diverse age-related diseases (ARDs). Genetic ablation of SCs in tissues lengthened health span and reduced the risk of age-related pathologies in a mouse model, suggesting a direct link between SCs, longevity, and ARDs. Therefore, senotherapeutics, medicines targeting SCs, might be an emerging strategy for the extension of health span, and prevention or treatment of ARDs. Senotherapeutics are classified as senolytics which kills SCs selectively; senomorphics which modulate functions and morphology of SCs to those of young cells, or delays the progression of young cells to SCs in tissues; and immune-system mediators of the clearance of SCs. Some senolytics and senomorphics have been proven to markedly prevent or treat ARDs in animal models. This review will present the current status of the development of senotherapeutics, in relation to aging itself and ARDs. Finally, future directions and opportunities for senotherapeutics use will discussed. This knowledge will provide information that can be used to develop novel senotherapeutics for health span and ARDs. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 47-55].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eok-Cheon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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153
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-eating catabolic pathway that contributes to liver homeostasis through its role in energy balance and in the quality control of the cytoplasm, by removing misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and lipid droplets. Autophagy not only regulates hepatocyte functions but also impacts on non-parenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells. Deregulation of autophagy has been linked to many liver diseases and its modulation is now recognized as a potential new therapeutic strategy. Indeed, enhancing autophagy may prevent the progression of a number of liver diseases, including storage disorders (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson's disease), acute liver injury, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic alcohol-related liver disease. Nevertheless, in some situations such as fibrosis, targeting specific liver cells must be considered, as autophagy displays opposing functions depending on the cell type. In addition, an optimal therapeutic time-window should be identified, since autophagy might be beneficial in the initial stages of disease, but detrimental at more advanced stages, as in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, identifying biomarkers of autophagy and methods to monitor autophagic flux in vivo are important steps for the future development of personalized autophagy-targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an update on the regulatory role of autophagy in various aspects of liver pathophysiology, describing the different strategies to manipulate autophagy and discussing the potential to modulate autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in the context of liver diseases.
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154
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Hu M, Li T, Bo Z, Xiang F. The protective role of carnosic acid in ischemic/reperfusion injury through regulation of autophagy under T2DM. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:602-611. [PMID: 30947537 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219840987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We have provided, for the first time, evidence that carnosic acid (CA) attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury of diabetic myocardium, i.e. diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (DMI/R) injury, via enhancement of autophagy. A greater understanding of the target molecule in CA-enhanced autophagy is necessary for the development of potential chemotherapy for DMI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zixiang Bo
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feixiang Xiang
- 2 Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,3 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
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155
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Panda PK, Fahrner A, Vats S, Seranova E, Sharma V, Chipara M, Desai P, Torresi J, Rosenstock T, Kumar D, Sarkar S. Chemical Screening Approaches Enabling Drug Discovery of Autophagy Modulators for Biomedical Applications in Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:38. [PMID: 30949479 PMCID: PMC6436197 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway for malfunctioning aggregation-prone proteins, damaged organelles, unwanted macromolecules and invading pathogens. This process is essential for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis that contribute to organismal survival. Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, and therefore, therapeutic exploitation of autophagy is of potential biomedical relevance. A number of chemical screening approaches have been established for the drug discovery of autophagy modulators based on the perturbations of autophagy reporters or the clearance of autophagy substrates. These readouts can be detected by fluorescence and high-content microscopy, flow cytometry, microplate reader and immunoblotting, and the assays have evolved to enable high-throughput screening and measurement of autophagic flux. Several pharmacological modulators of autophagy have been identified that act either via the classical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway or independently of mTOR. Many of these autophagy modulators have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in transgenic models of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, liver diseases, myopathies as well as in lifespan extension. This review describes the commonly used chemical screening approaches in mammalian cells and the key autophagy modulators identified through these methods, and highlights the therapeutic benefits of these compounds in specific disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Kumar Panda
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Fahrner
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Somya Vats
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Miruna Chipara
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priyal Desai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Torresi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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156
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Wang H, Huang F, Zhang Z, Wang P, Luo Y, Li H, Li N, Wang J, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li S. Feedback Activation of SGK3 and AKT Contributes to Rapamycin Resistance by Reactivating mTORC1/4EBP1 Axis via TSC2 in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:929-941. [PMID: 31182914 PMCID: PMC6535796 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, show limited antitumor activity in clinic, reasons for which have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we undertook an effort to uncover the mechanisms underlying the limited efficacy of rapamycin, and found that the transit suppression of 4EBP1 phosphorylation led to cap-dependent translation and cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. AKT only partially contributed to 4EBP1 re-phosphorylation. By taking advantage of mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic analysis, we identified SGK3 as a potent kinase involved in 4EBP1 re-phosphorylation. SGK3 deletion inhibited 4EBP1 phosphorylation and cap-dependent translation. Importantly, 4EBP1 phosphorylation was positively correlated with SGK3 activity in 67 clinical breast cancer specimens. Moreover, SGK3 deletion in combination with AKT inhibition almost blocked the 4EBP1 re-phosphorylation that was induced by rapamycin and profoundly enhanced rapamycin-induced growth inhibition in vitro and in an MCF7 breast cancer mouse xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, the feedback activation of SGK3 by rapamycin was dependent on hVps34 and mTORC2, and reactivated mTORC1/4EBP1 axis by phosphorylating TSC2. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role of SGK3 in mediating rapamycin resistance, and provides a rationale for targeting SGK3 to improve mTOR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300200, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
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157
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Geagea AG, Rizzo M, Jurjus A, Cappello F, Leone A, Tomasello G, Gracia C, Al Kattar S, Massaad-Massade L, Eid A. A novel therapeutic approach to colorectal cancer in diabetes: role of metformin and rapamycin. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1284-1305. [PMID: 30863490 PMCID: PMC6407684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between colorectal cancer (CRC), diabetes mellitus (DM) and inflammation is well established, and polytherapy, including rapamycin, has been adopted. This study is a novel approach that aimed at assessing the effect of a combination therapy of metformin and rapamycin on the control or prevention of CRC in diabetic animals, in presence or absence of probiotics. Fifty NOD/SCIDs male mice developed xenograft by inoculating HCT116 cells. They were equally divided into diabetics (induced by Streptozotocin) and non-diabetics. Metformin was given in drinking water, whereas rapamycin was administered via intra-peritoneal injections. Probiotics were added to the double therapy two weeks before the sacrifice. Assessment was performed by clinical observation, histological analysis, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities and molecular analysis of Interleukin 3 and 6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, AMP-activated protein Kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Decreases in the level of tumorigenesis resulted, to various extents, with the different treatment regimens. The combination of rapamycin and metformin had no significant result, however, after adding probiotics to the combination, there was a marked delay in tumor formation and reduction of its size, suppression of ROS and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines as well as an inhibition of phosphorylated mTOR. Existing evidence clearly supports the use of rapamycin and metformin especially in the presence of probiotics. It also highlighted the possible mechanism of action of the 2 drugs through AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways and offered preliminary data on the significant role of probiotics in the combination. Further investigation to clarify the exact role of probiotics and decipher in more details the involved pathways is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tomasello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Céline Gracia
- Equipe Nouvelles Thérapies Anticancéreuses, UMR8203 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sahar Al Kattar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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158
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Balancing mTOR Signaling and Autophagy in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030728. [PMID: 30744070 PMCID: PMC6387269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and life span. mTOR signaling is a central regulator of autophagy by modulating multiple aspects of the autophagy process, such as initiation, process, and termination through controlling the activity of the unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) complex and vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34) complex, and the intracellular distribution of TFEB/TFE3 and proto-lysosome tubule reformation. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a serious, common neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of Lewy bodies. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that mTOR and autophagy are critical for the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we will summarize recent advances regarding the roles of mTOR and autophagy in PD pathogenesis and treatment. Further characterizing the dysregulation of mTOR pathway and the clinical translation of mTOR modulators in PD may offer exciting new avenues for future drug development.
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159
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Escobar KA, Cole NH, Mermier CM, VanDusseldorp TA. Autophagy and aging: Maintaining the proteome through exercise and caloric restriction. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12876. [PMID: 30430746 PMCID: PMC6351830 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs during aging, resulting in a disruption of cellular homeostasis and progressive degeneration and increases the risk of cell death. Moderating the accrual of these defunct components is likely a key in the promotion of longevity. While exercise is known to promote healthy aging and mitigate age‐related pathologies, the molecular underpinnings of this phenomenon remain largely unclear. However, recent evidences suggest that exercise modulates the proteome. Similarly, caloric restriction (CR), a known promoter of lifespan, is understood to augment intracellular protein quality. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved recycling pathway responsible for the degradation, then turnover of cellular proteins and organelles. This housekeeping system has been reliably linked to the aging process. Moreover, autophagic activity declines during aging. The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a central kinase involved in protein translation, is a negative regulator of autophagy, and inhibition of TORC1 enhances lifespan. Inhibition of TORC1 may reduce the production of cellular proteins which may otherwise contribute to the deleterious accumulation observed in aging. TORC1 may also exert its effects in an autophagy‐dependent manner. Exercise and CR result in a concomitant downregulation of TORC1 activity and upregulation of autophagy in a number of tissues. Moreover, exercise‐induced TORC1 and autophagy signaling share common pathways with that of CR. Therefore, the longevity effects of exercise and CR may stem from the maintenance of the proteome by balancing the synthesis and recycling of intracellular proteins and thus may represent practical means to promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology; California State University, Long Beach; Long Beach California
| | - Nathan H. Cole
- Department of Health, Exercise, & Sports Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Christine M. Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, & Sports Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science & Sports Management; Kennesaw State University; Kennesaw Georgia
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160
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Fan F, Sam R, Ryan E, Alvarado K, Villa-Cuesta E. Rapamycin as a potential treatment for succinate dehydrogenase deficiency. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01217. [PMID: 30805566 PMCID: PMC6374580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to study mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, particularly succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency. Mutations in sdh genes cause degenerative disorders and often lead to death. Therapies for such pathologies are based on a combination of vitamins and dietary supplements, and are rarely effective. In Drosophila, mutations in several of the genes encoding SDH resemble the pathology of SDH deficiency in humans, enabling the Drosophila model to be used in finding treatments for this condition. Here we show that exposure to the drug rapamycin improves the survival of sdh mutant strains, the activity of SDH and the impaired climbing associated with sdh mutations. However, the production of reactive oxygen species, the oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria and the resistance to hyperoxia were minimally affected. Our results contribute to the current research seeking a treatment for mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Fan
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Honors College, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Rheba Sam
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Honors College, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Emma Ryan
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Honors College, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | | | - Eugenia Villa-Cuesta
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- NYU Winthrop Research Institute, Mineola, NY, USA
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161
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Marine biogenics in sea spray aerosols interact with the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:675. [PMID: 30679557 PMCID: PMC6345880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) have profound effects on our climate and ecosystems. They also contain microbiota and biogenic molecules which could affect human health. Yet the exposure and effects of SSAs on human health remain poorly studied. Here, we exposed human lung cancer cells to extracts of a natural sea spray aerosol collected at the seashore in Belgium, a laboratory-generated SSA, the marine algal toxin homoyessotoxin and a chemical inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We observed significant increased expression of genes related to the mTOR pathway and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after exposure to homoyessotoxin and the laboratory-generated SSA. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in gene expression in the mTOR pathway and of PCSK9 after exposure to the natural SSA and the mTOR inhibitor, suggesting induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that marine biogenics in SSAs interact with PCSK9 and the mTOR pathway and can be used in new potential pharmaceutical applications. Overall, our results provide a substantial molecular evidence base for potential beneficial health effects at environmentally relevant concentrations of natural SSAs.
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162
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Abstract
All people want to age "successfully," maintaining functional capacity and quality of life as they reach advanced age. Achieving this goal depends on preserving optimal cognitive and brain functioning. Yet, significant individual differences exist in this regard. Some older adults continue to retain most cognitive abilities throughout their lifetime. Others experience declines in cognitive and functional capacity that range from mild decrements in certain cognitive functions over time to severe dementia among those with neurodegenerative diseases. Even among relatively healthy "successful agers," certain cognitive functions are reduced from earlier levels. This is particularly true for cognitive functions that are dependent on cognitive processing speed and efficiency. Working memory and executive and attentional functions tend to be most vulnerable. Learning and memory functions are also usually reduced, although in the absence of neurodegenerative disease learning and retrieval efficiency rather than memory storage are affected. Other functions, such as visual perception, language, semantics, and knowledge, are often well preserved. Structural, functional, and physiologic/metabolic brain changes correspond with age-associated cognitive decline. Physiologic and metabolic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, may contribute to these changes, along with the contribution of comorbidities that secondarily affect the brain of older adults. Cognitive frailty often corresponds with physical frailty, both affected by multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. Neuropsychologic assessment provides a way of measuring the cognitive and functional status of older adults, which is useful for monitoring changes that may be occurring. Neuroimaging is also useful for characterizing age-associated structural, functional, physiologic, and metabolic brain changes, including alterations in cerebral blood flow and metabolite concentrations. Some interventions that may enhance cognitive function, such as cognitive training, neuromodulation, and pharmacologic approaches, exist or are being developed. Yet, preventing, slowing, and reversing the adverse effects of cognitive aging remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Michael M Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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163
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are regarded as a diseases of accelerated lung ageing and show all of the hallmarks of ageing, including telomere shortening, cellular senescence, activation of PI3 kinase-mTOR signaling, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, abnormal microRNA profiles, immunosenescence and a low grade chronic inflammation due to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Many of these ageing mechanisms are driven by exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. There is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules, such as sirtuins and Klotho, which further accelerate the ageing process. Understanding these molecular mechanisms has identified several novel therapeutic targets and several drugs and dietary interventions are now in development to treat chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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164
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Qian M, Liu B. Advances in pharmacological interventions of aging in mice. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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165
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Yalcin G, Lee CK. Recent studies on anti-aging compounds with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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166
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Ryu HY, López-Giráldez F, Knight J, Hwang SS, Renner C, Kreft SG, Hochstrasser M. Distinct adaptive mechanisms drive recovery from aneuploidy caused by loss of the Ulp2 SUMO protease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5417. [PMID: 30575729 PMCID: PMC6303320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to acute loss of the Ulp2 SUMO-specific protease, yeast become disomic for chromosome I (ChrI) and ChrXII. Here we report that ChrI disomy, which creates an adaptive advantage in part by increasing the dosage of the Ccr4 deadenylase, was eliminated by extended passaging. Loss of aneuploidy is often accompanied by mutations in essential SUMO-ligating enzymes, which reduced polySUMO-conjugate accumulation. The mRNA levels for almost all ribosomal proteins increase transiently upon initial loss of Ulp2, but elevated Ccr4 levels limit excess ribosome formation. Notably, extended passaging leads to increased levels of many small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) involved in ribosome biogenesis, and higher dosage of three linked ChrXII snoRNA genes suppressed ChrXII disomy in ulp2Δ cells. Our data reveal that aneuploidy allows rapid adaptation to Ulp2 loss, but long-term adaptation restores euploidy. Cellular evolution restores homeostasis through countervailing mutations in SUMO-modification pathways and regulatory shifts in ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - James Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christina Renner
- Department of Biology, Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan G Kreft
- Department of Biology, Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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167
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Miller RR, Roubenoff R. Emerging Interventions for Elderly Patients-The Promise of Regenerative Medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 105:53-60. [PMID: 30387136 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The impressive increase in lifespan that occurred in the 20th century has driven a boom in age-associated degeneration resulting from senescence. Geriatric syndromes, such as sarcopenia and frailty, do not fall neatly into classical medical definitions of disease because they result from subtle declines in physiological function that occur over many years instead of specific organ-related pathology. These conditions have become more clinically prominent with the aging population and are the focus of research in regenerative medicine. Two major approaches are being pursued: the first targets specific organs that are adversely affected by senescence, and the second targets senescence pathways themselves, with the goal of favorably altering the affected physiology. This review will highlight a few examples of recent applications of both of these approaches to illustrate the potential of the application of a regenerative medicine approach to improve the quality of life and independence in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram R Miller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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168
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Generation of regulable EGFRvIII targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for adoptive cell therapy of glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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169
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Leidal AM, Levine B, Debnath J. Autophagy and the cell biology of age-related disease. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1338-1348. [PMID: 30482941 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a conserved lysosomal degradation process essential for cellular homeostasis and adaption to stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy declines with age and that impaired autophagy predisposes individuals to age-related diseases, whereas interventions that stimulate autophagy often promote longevity. In this Review, we examine how the autophagy pathway restricts cellular damage and degeneration, and the impact of these functions towards tissue health and organismal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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170
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Shintani H, Shintani T, Ashida H, Sato M. Calorie Restriction Mimetics: Upstream-Type Compounds for Modulating Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1821. [PMID: 30469486 PMCID: PMC6316630 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) can prolong the human lifespan, but enforcing long-term CR is difficult. Therefore, a compound that reproduces the effect of CR without CR is needed. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on compounds with CR mimetic (CRM) effects. More than 10 compounds have been listed as CRMs, some of which are conventionally categorized as upstream-type CRMs showing glycolytic inhibition, while the others are categorized as downstream-type CRMs that regulate or genetically modulate intracellular signaling proteins. Among these, we focus on upstream-type CRMs and propose their classification as compounds with energy metabolism inhibition effects, particularly glucose metabolism modulation effects. The upstream-type CRMs reviewed include chitosan, acarbose, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and hexose analogs such as 2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-glucosamine, and d-allulose, which show antiaging and longevity effects. Finally, we discuss the molecular definition of upstream-type CRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Shintani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Izuo Hospital, Osaka 551-0032, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Shintani
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
| | - Masashi Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0701, Japan.
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171
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Dikicioglu D, Dereli Eke E, Eraslan S, Oliver SG, Kirdar B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapted to grow in the presence of low-dose rapamycin exhibit altered amino acid metabolism. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:85. [PMID: 30458881 PMCID: PMC6245637 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of the highly conserved TOR kinase, the nutrient-sensitive controller of growth and aging. It has been utilised as a chemotherapeutic agent due to its anti-proliferative properties and as an immunosuppressive drug, and is also known to extend lifespan in a range of eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. However, the mechanisms through which eukaryotic cells adapt to sustained exposure to rapamycin have not yet been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Here, S. cerevisiae response to long-term rapamycin exposure was investigated by identifying the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolic differences observed for yeast populations inoculated into low-dose rapamycin-containing environment. The effect of oxygen availability and acidity of extracellular environment on this response was further deliberated by controlling or monitoring the dissolved oxygen level and pH of the culture. RESULTS Yeast populations grown in the presence of rapamycin reached higher cell densities complemented by an increase in their chronological lifespan, and these physiological adaptations were associated with a rewiring of the amino acid metabolism, particularly that of arginine. The ability to synthesise amino acids emerges as the key factor leading to the major mechanistic differences between mammalian and microbial TOR signalling pathways in relation to nutrient recognition. CONCLUSION Oxygen levels and extracellular acidity of the culture were observed to conjointly affect yeast populations, virtually acting as coupled physiological effectors; cells were best adapted when maximal oxygenation of the culture was maintained in slightly acidic pH, any deviation necessitated more extensive readjustment to additional stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Dikicioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Dereli Eke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Present address: Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cells Transplantation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Present address: Diagnostic Centre for Genetic Diseases, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Betul Kirdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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172
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Lipid profiling of C. elegans strains administered pro-longevity drugs and drug combinations. Sci Data 2018; 5:180231. [PMID: 30351306 PMCID: PMC6198751 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the effect of four lifespan modifying drugs and of synergistic combinations of these drugs on lipid profile in Caenorhabditis elegans. We employ ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to compare the abundance of lipid species in treated and control animals. Adult nematodes were treated with rapamycin, rifampicin, psora-4 and allantoin and combinations of these compounds and the resulting change in lipid profiles, specifically in those of triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were determined. We quantified changes resulting from treatment with the drug combinations relative to untreated controls and relative to animals treated with each constituent single drugs. We further determined the dependence of changes in lipid profiles on genes known to affect lipid metabolism using strains carrying mutations in these pathways. In particular, we determined lipid profiles in a genetic model of caloric restriction (eat-2), a strain lacking homolog of TGFβ (daf-7) and in a strain lacking the SREBP/sbp-1 transcription factor.
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173
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Towards a therapy for mitochondrial disease: an update. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1247-1261. [PMID: 30301846 PMCID: PMC6195631 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical work aimed at developing new therapies for mitochondrial diseases has recently given new hopes and opened unexpected perspectives for the patients affected by these pathologies. In contrast, only minor progresses have been achieved so far in the translation into the clinics. Many challenges are still ahead, including the need for a better characterization of the pharmacological effects of the different approaches and the design of appropriate clinical trials with robust outcome measures for this extremely heterogeneous, rare, and complex group of disorders. In this review, we will discuss the most important achievements and the major challenges in this very dynamic research field.
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174
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Cassano T, Magini A, Giovagnoli S, Polchi A, Calcagnini S, Pace L, Lavecchia MA, Scuderi C, Bronzuoli MR, Ruggeri L, Gentileschi MP, Romano A, Gaetani S, De Marco F, Emiliani C, Dolcetta D. Early intrathecal infusion of everolimus restores cognitive function and mood in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:88-105. [PMID: 30243986 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition increases lifespan in mice and restores/delays many aging phenotypes has led to the identification of a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among mTOR inhibitors, everolimus, which has been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rapamycin, has been extensively profiled in preclinical and clinical studies as anticancer and immunosuppressive agent, but no information is available about its potential effects on neurodegenerative disorders. Using a reliable mouse model of AD (3 × Tg-AD mice), we explored whether short-term treatment with everolimus injected directly into the brain by osmotic pumps was able to modify AD-like pathology with low impact on peripheral organs. We first established in non-transgenic mice the stability of everolimus at 37 °C in comparison with rapamycin and, then, evaluated its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profiles through either a single peripheral (i.p.) or central (i.c.v.) route of administration. Finally, 6-month-old (symptomatic phase) 3 × Tg-AD mice were treated with continuous infusion of either vehicle or everolimus (0.167 μg/μl/day, i.c.v.) using the osmotic pumps. Four weeks after the beginning of infusion, we tested our hypothesis following an integrated approach, including behavioral (tests for cognitive and depressive-like alterations), biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Everolimus (i) showed higher stability than rapamycin at 37 °C, (ii) poorly crossed the blood-brain barrier after i.p. injection, (iii) was slowly metabolized in the brain due to a longer t1/2 in the brain compared to blood, and (iv) was more effective in the CNS when administered centrally compared to a peripheral route. Moreover, the everolimus-induced mTOR inhibition reduced human APP/Aβ and human tau levels and improved cognitive function and depressive-like phenotype in the 3 × Tg-AD mice. The intrathecal infusion of everolimus may be effective to treat early stages of AD-pathology through a short and cyclic administration regimen, with short-term outcomes and a low impact on peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Magini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Polchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Lavecchia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosanna Bronzuoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Ruggeri
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Gentileschi
- UOSD SAFU, RiDAIT Dept, The Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- UOSD SAFU, RiDAIT Dept, The Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Diego Dolcetta
- UOSD SAFU, RiDAIT Dept, The Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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175
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Song Y, Huang Z, Liu X, Pang Z, Chen J, Yang H, Zhang N, Cao Z, Liu M, Cao J, Li C, Yang X, Gong H, Qian J, Ge J. Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle-mediated targeting delivery of Rapamycin blocks atherosclerotic plaque development and stabilizes plaque in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:13-24. [PMID: 30171903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although certain success has been achieved in atherosclerosis treatment, tremendous challenges remain in developing more efficient strategies to treat atherosclerosis. Platelets have inherent affinity to plaques and naturally home to atherosclerotic sites. Rapamycin features potent anti-atherosclerosis effect, but its clinical utility is limited by its low concentration at the atherosclerotic site and severe systemic toxicity. In the present study, we used platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNP) as a targeted drug delivery platform to treat atherosclerosis through mimicking platelets' inherent targeting to plaques. PNP displayed 4.98-fold greater radiant efficiency than control nanoparticles in atherosclerotic arterial trees, indicating its effective homing to atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. In an atherosclerosis model established in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, PNP encapsulating rapamycin significantly attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques. These results demonstrated the perfect efficacy and pro-resolving potential of PNP as a targeted drug delivery platform for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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176
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Vancura A, Bu P, Bhagwat M, Zeng J, Vancurova I. Metformin as an Anticancer Agent. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:867-878. [PMID: 30150001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been a frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) for many years. Its effectiveness in T2D treatment is mostly attributed to its suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis; however, the mechanistic aspects of metformin action remain elusive. In addition to its glucose-lowering effect, metformin possesses other pleiotropic health-promoting effects that include reduced cancer risk and tumorigenesis. Metformin inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis; however, recent data reveal that metformin regulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by multiple, mutually nonexclusive mechanisms that do not necessarily depend on the inhibition of ETC and the cellular ATP level. In this review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that are relevant for metformin use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Pengli Bu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Madhura Bhagwat
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Joey Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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177
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Emerging Role of mTOR Signaling-Related miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6141902. [PMID: 30305865 PMCID: PMC6165581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase- (PI3K-) related kinase family, elicits a vital role in diverse cellular processes, including cellular growth, proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and metabolism. In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of short noncoding RNA, are an emerging intricate posttranscriptional modulator of critical gene expression for the development and maintenance of homeostasis across a wide array of tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed an interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR signaling circuit in the different cardiovascular pathophysiology, like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive state of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of interactions between the mTOR signaling pathway and miRs. We have also highlighted the latest advances on mTOR-targeted therapy in clinical trials and the new perspective therapeutic strategies with mTOR-targeting miRs in cardiovascular diseases.
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178
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Chen X, Hu X, Li Y, Zhu C, Dong X, Zhang R, Ma J, Huang S, Chen L. Resveratrol inhibits Erk1/2-mediated adhesion of cancer cells via activating PP2A-PTEN signaling network. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2822-2836. [PMID: 30066962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has been shown to possess anticancer activity. However, how resveratrol inhibits cancer cell adhesion has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that resveratrol suppressed the basal or type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-stimulated adhesion of cancer cells (Rh1, Rh30, HT29, and HeLa cells) by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway. Inhibition of Erk1/2 with U0126, knockdown of Erk1/2, or overexpression of dominant-negative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MKK1) strengthened resveratrol's inhibition of the basal or IGF-1-stimulated of Erk1/2 phosphorylation and cell adhesion, whereas ectopic expression of constitutively active MKK1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of resveratrol. Further research revealed that both protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-Akt were implicated in resveratrol-inactivated Erk1/2-dependent cell adhesion. Inhibition of PP2A with okadaic acid or overexpression of dominant-negative PP2A rendered resistance to resveratrol's suppression of the basal or IGF-1-stimulated phospho-Erk1/2 and cell adhesion, whereas expression of wild-type PP2A enhanced resveratrol's inhibitory effects. Overexpression of wild-type PTEN or dominant-negative Akt or inhibition of Akt with Akt inhibitor X strengthened resveratrol's inhibition of the basal or IGF-1-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation and cell adhesion. Furthermore, inhibition of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with rapamycin or silencing mTOR enhanced resveratrol's inhibitory effects on the basal and IGF-1-induced inhibition of PP2A-PTEN, activation of Akt-Erk1/2, and cell adhesion. The results indicate that resveratrol inhibits Erk1/2-mediated adhesion of cancer cells via activating PP2A-PTEN signaling network. Our data highlight that resveratrol has a great potential in the prevention of cancer cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuilan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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179
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Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays a central role in both plants and animals, despite their distinct developmental programs and survival strategies. Indeed, TOR integrates nutrient, energy, hormone, growth factor and environmental inputs to control proliferation, growth and metabolism in diverse multicellular organisms. Here, we compare the molecular composition, upstream regulators and downstream signaling relays of TOR complexes in plants and animals. We also explore and discuss the pivotal functions of TOR signaling in basic cellular processes, such as translation, cell division and stem/progenitor cell regulation during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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180
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Shirooie S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Belwal T, Habtemariam S, Argüelles S, Sureda A, Daglia M, Tomczyk M, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTORs by omega-3 fatty acids: A possible novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:37-48. [PMID: 29990625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cause significant world-wide morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no drug of cure for these, mostly age-related diseases, although approaches in delaying the pathology and/or giving patients some symptomatic relief have been adopted for the last few decades. Various studies in recent years have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through diverse mechanisms including anti-inflammatory effects. This review now assesses the potential of this class of compounds in NDs therapy through specific action against the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The role of mTOR in neurodegenerative diseases and targeted therapies by PUFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran.
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181
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Cazzola M, Matera MG, Rogliani P, Calzetta L. Senolytic drugs in respiratory medicine: is it an appropriate therapeutic approach? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:573-581. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1492548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gakriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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182
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Vinatier C, Domínguez E, Guicheux J, Caramés B. Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29988615 PMCID: PMC6026810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease causing chronic disability in adults. Studying cartilage aging, chondrocyte senescence, inflammation, and autophagy mechanisms have identified promising targets and pathways with clinical translatability potential. In this review, we highlight the most recent mechanistic and therapeutic preclinical models of aging with particular relevance in the context of articular cartilage and OA. Evidence supporting the role of metabolism, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, cell senescence, and circadian rhythms in the development of musculoskeletal system degeneration assure further translational efforts. This information might be useful not only to propose hypothesis and advanced models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying joint degeneration, but also to translate our knowledge into novel disease-modifying therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinatier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Eduardo Domínguez
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Beatriz Caramés
- Grupo de Biología del Cartílago, Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain
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183
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mTOR Inhibitor Therapy and Metabolic Consequences: Where Do We Stand? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2640342. [PMID: 30034573 PMCID: PMC6035806 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2640342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) protein kinase acts as a central integrator of nutrient signaling pathways. Besides the immunosuppressive role after solid organ transplantations or in the treatment of some cancers, another promising role of mTOR inhibitor as an antiaging therapeutic has emerged in the recent years. Acute or intermittent rapamycin treatment has some resemblance to calorie restriction in metabolic effects such as an increased insulin sensitivity. However, the chronic inhibition of mTOR by macrolide rapamycin or other rapalogs has been associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and may even provoke type II diabetes. These metabolic adverse effects limit the use of mTOR inhibitors. Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acting as calorie restriction mimetic. In addition to the glucose-lowering effect resulting from the decreased hepatic glucose production and increased glucose utilization, metformin induces fatty acid oxidations. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic consequences regarding glucose metabolism induced by mTOR inhibitors and compare them to the metabolic profile provoked by metformin use. We further suggest metformin use concurrent with rapalogs in order to pharmacologically address the impaired glucose metabolism and prevent the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantations induced by the chronic rapalog treatment.
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184
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Ma Y, Vassetzky Y, Dokudovskaya S. mTORC1 pathway in DNA damage response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1293-1311. [PMID: 29936127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved various mechanisms to control their metabolism and response to various stresses, allowing them to survive and grow in different environments. In eukaryotes, the highly conserved mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation and survival. A growing body of evidence indicates that mTOR signaling is closely related to another cellular protection mechanism, the DNA damage response (DDR). Many factors important for the DDR are also involved in the mTOR pathway. In this review, we discuss how these two pathways communicate to ensure an efficient protection of the cell against metabolic and genotoxic stresses. We also describe how anticancer therapies benefit from simultaneous targeting of the DDR and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Ma
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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185
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Rhodiola rosea Improves Lifespan, Locomotion, and Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila melanogaster Model of Huntington's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6726874. [PMID: 29984244 PMCID: PMC6015705 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6726874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant, late-onset disease characterized by choreiform movements, cognitive decline, and personality disturbance. It is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the Huntington's disease gene encoding for the Huntingtin protein (Htt) which functions as a scaffold for selective macroautophagy. Mutant Htt (mHtt) disrupts vesicle trafficking and prevents autophagosome fusion with lysosomes, thus deregulating autophagy in neuronal cells, leading to cell death. Autophagy has been described as a therapeutic target for HD, owing to the key role Htt plays in the cellular process. Rhodiola rosea, a plant extract used in traditional medicine in Europe and Asia, has been shown to attenuate aging in the fly and other model species. It has also been shown to inhibit the mTOR pathway and induce autophagy in bladder cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that R. rosea, by inducing autophagy, may improve the phenotype of a Huntington's disease model of the fly. Flies expressing HttQ93 which exhibit decreased lifespan, impaired locomotion, and increased neurodegeneration were supplemented with R. rosea extract, and assays testing lifespan, locomotion, and pseudopupil degeneration provided quantitative measures of improvement. Based on our observations, R. rosea may be further evaluated as a potential therapy for Huntington's disease.
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186
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that senses and integrates environmental information into cellular regulation and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has suggested a master role of mTOR signalling in many fundamental aspects of cell biology and organismal development. mTOR deregulation is implicated in a broad range of pathological conditions, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathies, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune conditions. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of mTOR signalling in mammalian physiology. We also discuss the impact of mTOR alteration in human diseases and how targeting mTOR function can treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Hiani
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Eroume-A Egom
- b Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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187
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Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
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188
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Lyons J, Ghazi PC, Starchenko A, Tovaglieri A, Baldwin KR, Poulin EJ, Gierut JJ, Genetti C, Yajnik V, Breault DT, Lauffenburger DA, Haigis KM. The colonic epithelium plays an active role in promoting colitis by shaping the tissue cytokine profile. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002417. [PMID: 29596476 PMCID: PMC5892915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition driven by loss of homeostasis between the mucosal immune system, the commensal gut microbiota, and the intestinal epithelium. Our goal is to understand how these components of the intestinal ecosystem cooperate to control homeostasis. By combining quantitative measures of epithelial hyperplasia and immune infiltration with multivariate analysis of inter- and intracellular signaling, we identified epithelial mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling as a potential driver of inflammation in a mouse model of colitis. A kinetic analysis of mTOR inhibition revealed that the pathway regulates epithelial differentiation, which in turn controls the cytokine milieu of the colon. Consistent with our in vivo analysis, we found that cytokine expression of organoids grown ex vivo, in the absence of bacteria and immune cells, was dependent on differentiation state. Our study suggests that proper differentiation of epithelial cells is an important feature of colonic homeostasis because of its effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lyons
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Phaedra C. Ghazi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alessio Tovaglieri
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Baldwin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Poulin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Gierut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Casie Genetti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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189
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Lv YJ, Yang Y, Sui BD, Hu CH, Zhao P, Liao L, Chen J, Zhang LQ, Yang TT, Zhang SF, Jin Y. Resveratrol counteracts bone loss via mitofilin-mediated osteogenic improvement of mesenchymal stem cells in senescence-accelerated mice. Theranostics 2018; 8:2387-2406. [PMID: 29721087 PMCID: PMC5928897 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational: Senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the related functional decline of osteogenesis have emerged as the critical pathogenesis of osteoporosis in aging. Resveratrol (RESV), a small molecular compound that safely mimics the effects of dietary restriction, has been well documented to extend lifespan in lower organisms and improve health in aging rodents. However, whether RESV promotes function of senescent stem cells in alleviating age-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we intend to investigate whether RESV counteracts senescence-associated bone loss via osteogenic improvement of MSCs and the underlying mechanism. Methods: MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) and the bone-specific, senescence-accelerated, osteoblastogenesis/osteogenesis-defective mice (the SAMP6 strain) were used as experimental models. In vivo application of RESV was performed at 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally once every other day for 2 months, and in vitro application of RESV was performed at 10 μM. Bone mass, bone formation rates and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs were primarily evaluated. Metabolic statuses of BMMSCs and the mitochondrial activity, transcription and morphology were also examined. Mitofilin expression was assessed at both mRNA and protein levels, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based gene knockdown was applied for mechanistic experiments. Results: Chronic intermittent application of RESV enhances bone formation and counteracts accelerated bone loss, with RESV improving osteogenic differentiation of senescent BMMSCs. Furthermore, in rescuing osteogenic decline under BMMSC senescence, RESV restores cellular metabolism through mitochondrial functional recovery via facilitating mitochondrial autonomous gene transcription. Molecularly, in alleviating senescence-associated mitochondrial disorders of BMMSCs, particularly the mitochondrial morphological alterations, RESV upregulates Mitofilin, also known as inner membrane protein of mitochondria (Immt) or Mic60, which is the core component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). Moreover, Mitofilin is revealed to be indispensable for mitochondrial homeostasis and osteogenesis of BMMSCs, and that insufficiency of Mitofilin leads to BMMSC senescence and bone loss. More importantly, Mitofilin mediates resveratrol-induced mitochondrial and osteogenic improvements of BMMSCs in senescence. Conclusion: Our findings uncover osteogenic functional improvements of senescent MSCs as critical impacts in anti-osteoporotic practice of RESV, and unravel Mitofilin as a novel mechanism mediating RESV promotion on mitochondrial function in stem cell senescence.
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190
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Leeman DS, Hebestreit K, Ruetz T, Webb AE, McKay A, Pollina EA, Dulken BW, Zhao X, Yeo RW, Ho TT, Mahmoudi S, Devarajan K, Passegué E, Rando TA, Frydman J, Brunet A. Lysosome activation clears aggregates and enhances quiescent neural stem cell activation during aging. Science 2018; 359:1277-1283. [PMID: 29590078 PMCID: PMC5915358 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, the neural stem cell (NSC) pool comprises quiescent and activated populations with distinct roles. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that quiescent and activated NSCs exhibited differences in their protein homeostasis network. Whereas activated NSCs had active proteasomes, quiescent NSCs contained large lysosomes. Quiescent NSCs from young mice accumulated protein aggregates, and many of these aggregates were stored in large lysosomes. Perturbation of lysosomal activity in quiescent NSCs affected protein-aggregate accumulation and the ability of quiescent NSCs to activate. During aging, quiescent NSCs displayed defects in their lysosomes, increased accumulation of protein aggregates, and reduced ability to activate. Enhancement of the lysosome pathway in old quiescent NSCs cleared protein aggregates and ameliorated the ability of quiescent NSCs to activate, allowing them to regain a more youthful state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena S Leeman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katja Hebestreit
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyson Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew McKay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pollina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ben W Dulken
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoai Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore T Ho
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Salah Mahmoudi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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191
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Hsu CL, Lee EX, Gordon KL, Paz EA, Shen WC, Ohnishi K, Meisenhelder J, Hunter T, La Spada AR. MAP4K3 mediates amino acid-dependent regulation of autophagy via phosphorylation of TFEB. Nat Commun 2018; 9:942. [PMID: 29507340 PMCID: PMC5838220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the major cellular pathway by which macromolecules are degraded, and amino acid depletion powerfully activates autophagy. MAP4K3, or germinal-center kinase-like kinase, is required for robust cell growth in response to amino acids, but the basis for MAP4K3 regulation of cellular metabolic disposition remains unknown. Here we identify MAP4K3 as an amino acid-dependent regulator of autophagy through its phosphorylation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a transcriptional activator of autophagy, and through amino acid starvation-dependent lysosomal localization of MAP4K3. We document that MAP4K3 physically interacts with TFEB and MAP4K3 inhibition is sufficient for TFEB nuclear localization, target gene transactivation, and autophagy, even when mTORC1 is activated. Moreover, MAP4K3 serine 3 phosphorylation of TFEB is required for TFEB interaction with mTORC1-Rag GTPase-Ragulator complex and TFEB cytosolic sequestration. Our results uncover a role for MAP4K3 in the control of autophagy and reveal MAP4K3 as a central node in nutrient-sensing regulation. Amino acids stimulate cell growth and depletion in a cell activates autophagy, yet how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors show that MAP4K3 (also known as germinal-center kinase-like kinase) acts as an amino acid-dependent regulator of autophagy, via phosphorylation of the transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elian X Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kara L Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edwin A Paz
- Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wen-Chuan Shen
- Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jill Meisenhelder
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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192
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Xiong Z, Zang Y, Zhong S, Zou L, Wu Y, Liu S, Fang Z, Shen Z, Ding Q, Chen S. The preclinical assessment of XL388, a mTOR kinase inhibitor, as a promising anti-renal cell carcinoma agent. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30151-30161. [PMID: 28404914 PMCID: PMC5444733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
XL388 is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor. We demonstrated that XL388 inhibited survival and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (786-0 and A549) and primary human RCC cells. XL388 activated caspase-dependent apoptosis in the RCC cells. XL388 blocked mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 activation, and depleted hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and HIF-2α expression in RCC cells. Yet, XL388 was ineffective in RCC cells with mTOR shRNA knockdown or kinase-dead mutation. Notably, XL388 was more efficient than mTORC1 inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus and temsirolimus) in killing RCC cells. Further studies showed that activation of MEK-ERK might be a key resistance factor of XL388. Pharmacological or shRNA-mediated inhibition of MEK-ERK pathway sensitized XL388-induced cytotoxicity in RCC cells. In vivo, oral administration of XL388 inhibited in nude mice 786-0 RCC tumor growth, and its anti-tumor activity was sensitized with co-administration of the MEK-ERK inhibitor MEK162. Together, these results suggest that concurrent inhibition of mTORC1/2 by XL388 may represent a fine strategy to inhibit RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuquan Xiong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zujun Fang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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193
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Overactive mTOR signaling leads to endometrial hyperplasia in aged women and mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7265-7275. [PMID: 27980219 PMCID: PMC5352319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation in the uterus results in endometrial hyperplasia and/or cancer development. The mTOR signaling pathway is one of the major regulators of aging as suppression of this pathway prolongs lifespan in model organisms. Genetic alterations in this pathway via mutations and/or amplifications are often encountered in endometrial cancers. However, the exact contribution of mTOR signaling and uterine aging to endometrial pathologies is currently unclear. This study examined the role of mTOR signaling in uterine aging and its implications in the development of endometrial hyperplasia. The hyperplastic endometrium of both postmenopausal women and aged mice exhibited elevated mTOR activity as seen with increased expression of the pS6 protein. Analysis of uteri from Pten heterozygous and Pten overexpressing mice further confirmed that over-activation of mTOR signaling leads to endometrial hyperplasia. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin treatment suppressed endometrial hyperplasia in aged mice. Furthermore, treatment with mTOR inhibitors reduced colony size and proliferation of a PTEN negative endometrial cancer cell line in 3D culture. Collectively, this study suggests that hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway is involved in the development of endometrial hyperplasia in aged women and mice.
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194
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nowak
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.).
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Michel Chonchol
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R Seals
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
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195
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Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:112-120. [PMID: 29477972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that an altered tissue redox environment in mice lacking either murine beta Hemoglobin major (HgbβmaKO) or minor (HgbβmiKO) regulates inflammation. The REDOX environment in marrow stem cell niches also control differentiation pathways. We investigated osteoclastogenesis (OC)/osteoblastogenesis (OB), in bone cultures derived from untreated or FSLE-treated WT, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO mice. Marrow mesenchymal cells from 10d pre-cultures were incubated on an osteogenic matrix for 21d prior to analysis of inflammatory cytokine release into culture supernatants, and relative OC:OB using (TRAP:BSP, RANKL:OPG) mRNA expression ratios and TRAP or Von Kossa staining. Cells from WT and HgbβmaKO mice show decreased IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 production and enhanced osteoblastogenesis with altered mRNA expression ratios and increased bone nodules (Von Kossa staining) in vitro after in vivo stimulation of mRNA expression of fetal Hgb genes (Hgbε and Hgbβmi) by a fetal liver extract (FSLE). Marrow from HgbβmiKO showed enhanced cytokine release and preferential enhanced osteoclastogenesis relative to similar cells from WT or HgbβmaKO mice, with no increased osteoblastogenesis after mouse treatment with FSLE. Pre-treatment of WT or HgbβmaKO, but not HgbβmiKO mice, with other molecules (rapamycin; hydroxyurea) which increase expression of fetal Hgb genes also augmented osteoblastogenesis and decreased cytokine production in cells differentiating in vitro. Infusion of rabbit anti- Hgbε or anti- Hgbβmi, but not anti-Hgbα or anti- Hgbβma into WT mice from day 13 gestation for 3 weeks led to attenuated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. We conclude that increased fetal hemoglobin expression, or use of agents which improve fetal hemoglobin expression, increases osteoblast bone differentiation in association with decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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196
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Houssaini A, Breau M, Kebe K, Abid S, Marcos E, Lipskaia L, Rideau D, Parpaleix A, Huang J, Amsellem V, Vienney N, Validire P, Maitre B, Attwe A, Lukas C, Vindrieux D, Boczkowski J, Derumeaux G, Pende M, Bernard D, Meiners S, Adnot S. mTOR pathway activation drives lung cell senescence and emphysema. JCI Insight 2018; 3:93203. [PMID: 29415880 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent and devastating condition for which no curative treatment is available. Exaggerated lung cell senescence may be a major pathogenic factor. Here, we investigated the potential role for mTOR signaling in lung cell senescence and alterations in COPD using lung tissue and derived cultured cells from patients with COPD and from age- and sex-matched control smokers. Cell senescence in COPD was linked to mTOR activation, and mTOR inhibition by low-dose rapamycin prevented cell senescence and inhibited the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. To explore whether mTOR activation was a causal pathogenic factor, we developed transgenic mice exhibiting mTOR overactivity in lung vascular cells or alveolar epithelial cells. In this model, mTOR activation was sufficient to induce lung cell senescence and to mimic COPD lung alterations, with the rapid development of lung emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, and inflammation. These findings support a causal relationship between mTOR activation, lung cell senescence, and lung alterations in COPD, thereby identifying the mTOR pathway as a potentially new therapeutic target in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Houssaini
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marielle Breau
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Kanny Kebe
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Rideau
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Aurelien Parpaleix
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Jin Huang
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Valerie Amsellem
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Nora Vienney
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Département anatomopathologie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Maitre
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Aya Attwe
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Christina Lukas
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Genevieve Derumeaux
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Pende
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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197
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Ardestani A, Lupse B, Kido Y, Leibowitz G, Maedler K. mTORC1 Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword in Diabetic β Cells. Cell Metab 2018; 27:314-331. [PMID: 29275961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues that integrates environmental inputs into downstream signaling pathways to control cellular metabolism, growth, and survival. While numerous in vitro and in vivo studies reported the positive functions of mTORC1 in the regulation of β cell survival and proliferation under physiological conditions, more recent work demonstrates the opposite in the long term; this is exemplified by the constitutive inappropriate hyper-activation of mTORC1 in diabetic islets or β cells under conditions of increased β cell stress and metabolic demands. These recent findings uncover mTORC1's importance as an emerging significant player in the development and progression of β cell failure in type 2 diabetes and suggest that mTORC1 may act as a "double edge sword" in the regulation of β cell mass and function in response to metabolic stress such as nutrient overload and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Blaz Lupse
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service and the Hadassah Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
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198
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Nakamura S, Yoshimori T. Autophagy and Longevity. Mol Cells 2018; 41:65-72. [PMID: 29370695 PMCID: PMC5792715 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved cytoplasmic degradation system in which varieties of materials are sequestered by a double membrane structure, autophagosome, and delivered to the lysosomes for the degradation. Due to the wide varieties of targets, autophagic activity is essential for cellular homeostasis. Recent genetic evidence indicates that autophagy has a crucial role in the regulation of animal lifespan. Basal level of autophagic activity is elevated in many longevity paradigms and the activity is required for lifespan extension. In most cases, genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function are induced by several transcription factors including HLH-30/TFEB, PHA-4/FOXA and MML-1/Mondo in long-lived animals. Pharmacological treatments have been shown to extend lifespan through activation of autophagy, indicating autophagy could be a potential and promising target to modulate animal lifespan. Here we summarize recent progress regarding the role of autophagy in lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
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199
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Eissenberg JC. Hungering for Immortality. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2018; 115:12-17. [PMID: 30228670 PMCID: PMC6139805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Beyond avoiding risky behavior-smoking, substance abuse, obesity-and embracing healthy habits like exercise, a balanced diet, and non-obese body weight, are there things we each do today to significantly extend our lifespan? Caloric restriction is the only behavioral intervention consistently shown to extend both mean and maximal lifespan across a wide range of species. In most cases, the lifespan extension is accompanied by a marked delay in the onset of age-associated disease and infirmity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Eissenberg
- Joel C. Eissenberg, PhD, is a Professor and Associate Dean for Research, Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
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200
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Peng M, Yang XF. Relationship between mTOR signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:3141-3148. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i35.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is generally considered to be the central link in the formation of hepatic fibrosis. Various factors can regulate the function of HSCs through multiple signaling pathways, of which the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is especially important. Elucidating the relationship between the mTOR signaling pathway and the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence of HSCs can provide new therapeutic targets and methods for the clinical treatment of hepatic fibrosis. This paper discusses the relationship between the mTOR signaling pathway and the function of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
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