151
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Conrad KP, Tuna KM, Mestre CT, Banwatt ES, Alli AA. Activation of multiple receptors stimulates extracellular vesicle release from trophoblast cells. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14592. [PMID: 33080118 PMCID: PMC7575225 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the stimulated release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are few, and the mechanisms incompletely understood. To our knowledge, the possibility that the activation of any one of the multitudes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed by a single cell-type might increase EV release has not been explored. Recently, we identified the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, gastrin/cholecystokinin types A and/or B receptors (CCKAR and/or -BR), and the bitter taste receptor, TAS2R14 in the human and mouse placenta. specifically, trophoblast. These GPCR(s) were also expressed in four different human trophoblast cell lines. The current objective was to employ two of these cell lines-JAR choriocarcinoma cells and HTR-8/SVneo cells derived from first-trimester human villous trophoblast-to investigate whether CCK, TAS2R14 agonists, and other GPCR ligands would each augment EV release. EVs were isolated from the cell-culture medium by filtration and ultracentrifugation. The preparations were enriched in small EVs (<200 nm) as determined by syntenin western blot before and after sucrose gradient purification, phycoerythrin (PE)-ADAM10 antibody labeling, and electron microscopy. Activation of TAS2R14, CCKBR, cholinergic muscarinic 1 & 3, and angiotensin II receptors, each increased EV release by 4.91-, 2.79-, 1.87-, and 3.11-fold, respectively (all p < .05 versus vehicle controls), without significantly changing EV diameter. A progressive increase of EV concentration in conditioned medium was observed over 24 hr consistent with the release of preformed EVs and de novo biogenesis. Compared to receptor-mediated stimulation, EV release by the calcium ionophore, A23187, was less robust (1.63-fold, p = .08). Diphenhydramine, a TAS2R14 agonist, enhanced EV release in JAR cells at a concentration 10-fold below that required to increase intracellular calcium. CCK activation of HTR-8/SVneo cells, which did not raise intracellular calcium, increased EV release by 2.06-fold (p < .05). Taken together, these results suggested that other signaling pathways may underlie receptor-stimulated EV release besides, or in addition to, calcium. To our knowledge, the finding that the activation of multiple GPCRs can stimulate EV release from a single cell-type is unprecedented and engenders a novel thesis that each receptor may orchestrate intercellular communication through the release of EVs containing a subset of unique cargo, thus mobilizing a specific integrated physiological response by a network of neighboring and distant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk P. Conrad
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Kubra M. Tuna
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Cathleen T. Mestre
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Esha S. Banwatt
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal TransplantationUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA
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152
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Zhao Q, Ma Z, Wang X, Liang M, Wang W, Su F, Yang H, Gao Y, Ren Y. Lipidomic Biomarkers of Extracellular Vesicles for the Prediction of Preterm Birth in the Early Second Trimester. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4104-4113. [PMID: 32901488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death worldwide and results in a high societal economic burden associated with newborn care. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in fetal development during pregnancy. Lipids in EVs related to preterm birth remain undefined. Here, we fully investigated differences in lipids in plasma, microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (Exos) between 27 preterm and 66 full-term pregnant women in the early second trimester (12-24 weeks) using an untargeted lipidomics approach. Independent of other characteristics of samples, we detected 97, 58, and 10 differential features (retention time (RT) and m/z) with identification in plasma, MVs, and Exos, respectively. A panel of five lipids from MVs has an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 for the prediction of preterm birth. One lipid of the panel (PS (34:0)) was validated in an additional 83 plasma samples (41 preterm and 42 full-term deliveries) by the pseudotargeted lipidomics method (AUC = 0.71). Our results provide useful information about the early prediction of preterm birth, as well as a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and intervention of preterm birth. The MS data have been deposited in the CNSA (https://db.cngb.org/cnsa/) of CNGBdb with accession code CNP0001076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Clinical laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Minling Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Clinical laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fengxia Su
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Clinical laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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153
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Zhang C, Shang Y, Chen X, Midgley AC, Wang Z, Zhu D, Wu J, Chen P, Wu L, Wang X, Zhang K, Wang H, Kong D, Yang Z, Li Z, Chen X. Supramolecular Nanofibers Containing Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (RGD) Peptides Boost Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Repair. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12133-12147. [PMID: 32790341 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have been recognized as a promising cell-free therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI), which avoids safety concerns associated with direct cell engraftment. However, low stability and retention of MSC-EVs have limited their therapeutic efficacy. RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide binds strongly to integrins, which have been identified on the surface of MSC-EV membranes; yet RGD has not been applied to EV scaffolds to enhance and prolong bioavailability. Here, we developed RGD hydrogels, which we hypothesized could augment MSC-EV efficacy in the treatment of AKI models. In vivo tracking of the labeled EVs revealed that RGD hydrogels increased retention and stability of EVs. Integrin gene knockdown experiments confirmed that EV-hydrogel interaction was mediated by RGD-integrin binding. Upon intrarenal injection into mouse AKI models, EV-RGD hydrogels provided superior rescuing effects to renal function, attenuated histopathological damage, decreased tubular injury, and promoted cell proliferation in early phases of AKI. RGD hydrogels also augmented antifibrotic effects of MSC-EVs in chronic stages. Further analysis revealed that the presence of microRNA let-7a-5p in MSC-EVs served as the mechanism contributing to the reduced cell apoptosis and elevated cell autophagy in AKI. In conclusion, RGD hydrogels facilitated MSC-derived let-7a-5p-containing EVs, improving reparative potential against AKI. This study developed an RGD scaffold to increase the EV integrin-mediated loading and in turn improved therapeutic efficacy in renal repair; therefore this strategy shed light on MSC-EV application as a cell-free treatment for potentiated efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuna Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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154
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Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186859. [PMID: 32962107 PMCID: PMC7555813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest as they may represent a new biosignaling paradigm. According to the mode of biogenesis, size and composition, two broad categories of EVs have been described, exosomes and microvesicles. EVs have been shown to carry cargoes of signaling proteins, RNA species, DNA and lipids. Once released, their content is selectively taken up by near or distant target cells, influencing their behavior. Exosomes are involved in cell–cell communication in a wide range of embryonic developmental processes and in fetal–maternal communication. In the present review, an outline of the role of EVs in neural development, regeneration and diseases is presented. EVs can act as regulators of normal homeostasis, but they can also promote either neuroinflammation/degeneration or tissue repair in pathological conditions, depending on their content. Since EV molecular cargo constitutes a representation of the origin cell status, EVs can be exploited in the diagnosis of several diseases. Due to their capability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), EVs not only have been suggested for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders by means of minimally invasive procedures, i.e., “liquid biopsies”, but they are also considered attractive tools for targeted drug delivery across the BBB. From the therapeutic perspective, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising sources of EVs. In particular, the neuroprotective properties of MSCs derived from the dental pulp are here discussed.
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155
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Taylor SK, Houshdaran S, Robinson JF, Gormley MJ, Kwan EY, Kapidzic M, Schilling B, Giudice LC, Fisher SJ. Cytotrophoblast extracellular vesicles enhance decidual cell secretion of immune modulators via TNFα. Development 2020; 147:dev.187013. [PMID: 32747437 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The placenta releases large quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that likely facilitate communication between the embryo/fetus and the mother. We isolated EVs from second trimester human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized them using transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. The 100,000 g pellet was enriched for vesicles with a cup-like morphology typical of exosomes. They expressed markers specific to this vesicle type, CD9 and HRS, and the trophoblast proteins placental alkaline phosphatase and HLA-G. Global profiling by mass spectrometry showed that placental EVs were enriched for proteins that function in transport and viral processes. A cytokine array revealed that the CTB 100,000 g pellet contained a significant amount of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). CTB EVs increased decidual stromal cell (dESF) transcription and secretion of NF-κB targets, including IL8, as measured by qRT-PCR and cytokine array. A soluble form of the TNFα receptor inhibited the ability of CTB 100,000 g EVs to increase dESF secretion of IL8. Overall, the data suggest that CTB EVs enhance decidual cell release of inflammatory cytokines, which we theorize is an important component of successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Taylor
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sahar Houshdaran
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew J Gormley
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Y Kwan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Human Embryonic Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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156
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Green ES, Arck PC. Pathogenesis of preterm birth: bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:413-429. [PMID: 32894326 PMCID: PMC7508962 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) complicates 5–18% of pregnancies globally and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most PTB is spontaneous and idiopathic, with largely undefined causes. To increase understanding of PTB, much research in recent years has focused on using animal models to recapitulate the pathophysiology of PTB. Dysfunctions of maternal immune adaptations have been implicated in a range of pregnancy pathologies, including PTB. A wealth of evidence arising from mouse models as well as human studies is now available to support that PTB results from a breakdown in fetal-maternal tolerance, along with excessive, premature inflammation. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the bidirectional communication between fetal and maternal systems and its role in the immunopathogenesis of PTB. These recent insights significantly advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PTB, which is essential to ultimately designing more effective strategies for early prediction and subsequent prevention of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Shana Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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157
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Li H, Pinilla-Macua I, Ouyang Y, Sadovsky E, Kajiwara K, Sorkin A, Sadovsky Y. Internalization of trophoblastic small extracellular vesicles and detection of their miRNA cargo in P-bodies. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1812261. [PMID: 32944196 PMCID: PMC7480505 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1812261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique situation, in which placenta-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may communicate with maternal and foetal tissues. While relevant to homoeostatic and pathological functions, the mechanisms underlying sEV entry and cargo handling in target cells remain largely unknown. Using fluorescently or luminescently labelled sEVs, derived from primary human placental trophoblasts or from a placental cell line, we interrogated the endocytic pathways used by these sEVs to enter relevant target cells, including the neighbouring primary placental fibroblasts and human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. We found that trophoblastic sEVs can enter target cells, where they retain biological activity. Importantly, using a broad series of pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA-dependent silencing approaches, we showed that trophoblastic sEVs enter target cells using macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathways, but not caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Tracking their intracellular course, we localized the sEVs to early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. Finally, we used coimmunoprecipitation to demonstrate the association of the sEV microRNA (miRNA) with the P-body proteins AGO2 and GW182. Together, our data systematically detail endocytic pathways used by placental sEVs to enter relevant fibroblastic and endothelial target cells, and provide support for “endocytic escape” of sEV miRNA to P-bodies, a key site for cytoplasmic RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Itziar Pinilla-Macua
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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158
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Palomares KT, Parobchak N, Ithier MC, Aleksunes LM, Castaño PM, So M, Faro R, Heller D, Wang B, Rosen T. Fetal Exosomal Platelet-activating Factor Triggers Functional Progesterone Withdrawal in Human Placenta. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:252-262. [PMID: 32780361 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In most mammals, labor is heralded by the withdrawal of progesterone. In humans, circulating progesterone levels increase as gestation advances while placental expression of progesterone receptor A (PR-A) declines. As a result of PR-A downregulation, the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is activated, an event implicated in triggering labor. Here, we sought to identify fetal-derived mediator(s) that represses placental PR-A in human placenta leading to activation of pro-labor signaling. Lipidomic profiling demonstrated enrichment of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in exosomes originating from the human fetus. Exposure of primary cytotrophoblasts to fetal exosomes from term pregnancies reduced PR-A expression by > 50%, and PAF also reduced PR-A message levels in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, fetal exosomes from preterm pregnancies had lower PAF levels and no effect on PR-A expression. Synthetic PAF-induced DNA methylation increases by 20% at the PR-A promoter, leading to recruitment of corepressors and downregulation of PR-A in cytotrophoblast. Furthermore, suppression of PR-A by PAF-stimulated expression of the pro-labor genes, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which was reversed by disruption of the DNA methyltransferases 3B and 3L. Taken together, PAF represents a novel fetal-derived candidate for initiation of labor by stimulating methylation and repression of PR-A and activating pro-labor signaling in trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy T Palomares
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nataliya Parobchak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mayra Cruz Ithier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Paula M Castaño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Melody So
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Revital Faro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Debra Heller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Todd Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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159
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Peterson LS, Stelzer IA, Tsai AS, Ghaemi MS, Han X, Ando K, Winn VD, Martinez NR, Contrepois K, Moufarrej MN, Quake S, Relman DA, Snyder MP, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Wong RJ, Arck P, Angst MS, Aghaeepour N, Gaudilliere B. Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:397-412. [PMID: 32020337 PMCID: PMC7508753 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in children under the age of five worldwide. Despite major efforts, we still lack the ability to accurately predict and effectively prevent preterm birth. While multiple factors contribute to preterm labor, dysregulations of immunological adaptations required for the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy is at its pathophysiological core. Consequently, a precise understanding of these chronologically paced immune adaptations and of the biological pacemakers that synchronize the pregnancy "immune clock" is a critical first step towards identifying deviations that are hallmarks of peterm birth. Here, we will review key elements of the fetal, placental, and maternal pacemakers that program the immune clock of pregnancy. We will then emphasize multiomic studies that enable a more integrated view of pregnancy-related immune adaptations. Such multiomic assessments can strengthen the biological plausibility of immunological findings and increase the power of biological signatures predictive of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Ghaemi
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadine R Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Contrepois
- Stanford Metabolic Health Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mira N Moufarrej
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Petra Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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160
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J. Exosomal MicroRNAs in Pregnancy Provides Insight into a Possible Cure for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155384. [PMID: 32751127 PMCID: PMC7432616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological links between cancer and pregnancy are of recent interest due to parallel proliferative, immunosuppressive and invasive mechanisms between tumour and trophoblast development. Therefore, understanding “cancer-like” mechanisms in pregnancy could lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutics, however, little is understood on how tumour and trophoblast cells recapitulate similar molecular mechanisms. Based on our observations from a previous study, it was not only evident that exosomal miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia but also contained cancer-specific miRNAs, which suggested that “pseudo-malignant-like” exosomal-mediated mechanisms exist in pregnancy. The presented study therefore aimed to identify exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in pregnancy which can be repurposed towards preventing tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. It was identified that exomiR-302d-3p, exomiR-223-3p and exomiR-451a, commonly associated with cancer metastasis, were found to be highly expressed in pregnancy. Furthermore, computational merging and meta-analytical pathway analysis (DIANA miRPath) of significantly expressed exomiRs between 38 ± 1.9 vs. 30 ± 1.11 weeks of gestation indicated controlled regulation of biological pathways associated with cancer metastasis and immunosuppression. Therefore, the observations made in this study provide the experimental framework for the repurposing of exosomal miRNA molecular mechanisms in pregnancy towards treating and preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Pearson Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Applied Science, Johannesburg 2153, South Africa
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-83-4402-486
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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161
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Detection of Salivary Small Extracellular Vesicles Associated Inflammatory Cytokines Gene Methylation in Gingivitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155273. [PMID: 32722322 PMCID: PMC7432462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are emerging as a potential liquid biopsy for oral diseases. However, technical difficulties for salivary sEV isolation remain a challenge. Twelve participants (five periodontally healthy, seven gingivitis patients) were recruited and salivary sEV were isolated by ultracentrifuge (UC-sEV) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC-sEV). The effect of UC and SEC on sEV yield, DNA methylation of five cytokine gene promoters (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10), and functional uptake by human primary gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) was investigated. The results demonstrated that SEC-sEV had a higher yield of particles and particle/protein ratios compared to UC-sEV, with a minimal effect on the detection of DNA methylation of five cytokine genes and functional uptake in hGFs (n = 3). Comparing salivary sEV characteristics between gingivitis and healthy patients, gingivitis-UC-sEV were increased compared to the healthy group; while no differences were found in sEV size, oral bacterial gDNA, and DNA methylation for five cytokine gene promoters, for both UC-sEV and SEC-sEV. Overall, the data indicate that SEC results in a higher yield of salivary sEV, with no significant differences in sEV DNA epigenetics, compared to UC.
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162
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Hypoxia-induced small extracellular vesicle proteins regulate proinflammatory cytokines and systemic blood pressure in pregnant rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:593-607. [PMID: 32129439 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) are known to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling during early pregnancy. The bioactivity and release of these sEVs differ under differing oxygen tensions and in aberrant pregnancy conditions. Whether the placental cell-derived sEVs released from the hypoxic placenta contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not known. We hypothesize that, in response to low oxygen tension, the EVT packages a specific set of proteins in sEVs and that these released sEVs interact with endothelial cells to induce inflammation and increase maternal systemic blood pressure. Using a quantitative MS/MS approach, we identified 507 differentially abundant proteins within sEVs isolated from HTR-8/SVneo cells (a commonly used EVT model) cultured at 1% (hypoxia) compared with 8% (normoxia) oxygen. Among these differentially abundant proteins, 206 were up-regulated and 301 were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and they were mainly implicated in inflammation-related pathways. In vitro incubation of hypoxic sEVs with endothelial cells, significantly increased (P < 0.05) the release of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, when compared with control (i.e. cells without sEVs) and normoxic sEVs. In vivo injection of hypoxic sEVs into pregnant rats significantly increased (P < 0.05) mean arterial pressure with increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. We propose that oxygen tension regulates the release and bioactivity of sEVs from EVT and that these sEVs regulate inflammation and maternal systemic blood pressure. This novel oxygen-responsive, sEVs signaling pathway, therefore, may contribute to the physiopathology of preeclampsia.
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163
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Schuster J, Cheng SB, Padbury J, Sharma S. Placental extracellular vesicles and pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13297. [PMID: 32619308 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension, with either proteinuria and/or organ dysfunction. Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. There is consensus that the underlying mechanism(s) resulting in pre-eclampsia is centered around abnormal placentation, inadequate spiral-artery remodeling, and deficiency in trophoblast invasion, resulting in impaired maternal blood flow to the placenta and a release of signals and/or inflammatory mediators into maternal circulation triggering the systemic manifestations of pre-eclampsia. ER stress, resulting in impaired autophagy and placental release of aggregated proteins, may also confer systemic stress to maternal organs in pre-eclampsia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-bilayer enclosed structures containing macromolecules including proteins, miRNA, and other important nucleotides, have been suggested to play an important role in this maternal-fetal communication. Circulating EVs are present in greater quantity in the plasma of pre-eclampsia subjects compared to normal pregnancy, and the placental derived EVs have been shown to have altered protein and RNA cargo. In this review, we will focus on EVs and their role in pre-eclampsia, specifically their role in immune responses, inflammation, altered angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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164
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Nair S, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles as critical mediators of maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy and their potential role in maternal metabolism. Placenta 2020; 98:60-68. [PMID: 33039033 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders by transferring biologically active molecules such as miRNAs and proteins to recipient cells, and influencing their metabolic pathways. Pregnancy is one of the greatest metabolic challenges faced by both the mother and the growing fetus, and this is fine-tuned by several factors, including hormones, soluble molecules, and molecules encapsulated in EVs released from the placenta. A wide range of EVs originating from the placenta are present in maternal circulation, and changes in their circulating levels and bioactivity (i.e., capacity to induce changes in the target cells) have been associated with several complications of pregnancies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. Complications of pregnancies are associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction with short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. However, the potential roles of circulating EVs originating from the placenta and other tissues (e.g. adipose tissue), on changes in maternal metabolism during normal and pregnancy complications have not been fully described. The aim of this brief review, thus, is to discuss the diversity of EVs, and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a special focus on GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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165
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O'Neil EV, Burns GW, Spencer TE. Extracellular vesicles: Novel regulators of conceptus-uterine interactions? Theriogenology 2020; 150:106-112. [PMID: 32164992 PMCID: PMC8559595 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on extracellular vesicles (EV) in the uterus and their potential biological roles as mediators of conceptus-uterine interactions essential for implantation and pregnancy establishment. Growing evidence supports the idea that EV are produced by both the endometrium and conceptus during pregnancy. Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively termed EV, mediate cell-cell communication in other tissues and organs. EV have distinct cargo, including lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNA, that vary depending on the cell of origin and regulate processes including angiogenesis, adhesion, proliferation, cell survival, inflammation, and immune response in recipient cells. Molecular crosstalk between the endometrial epithelium and the blastocyst/conceptus, particularly the trophectoderm, regulates early pregnancy events and is a prerequisite for successful implantation. Trafficking of EV between the conceptus and endometrium may represent a key form of communication important for pregnancy establishment. Increased understanding of EV in the uterine environment and their physiological roles in endometrial-conceptus interactions is expected to provide opportunities to improve pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore V O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA.
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166
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Monsivais LA, Sheller-Miller S, Russell W, Saade GR, Dixon CL, Urrabaz-Garza R, Menon R. Fetal membrane extracellular vesicle profiling reveals distinct pathways induced by infection and inflammation in vitro. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13282. [PMID: 32506769 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Fetal inflammatory signals can be propagated to maternal tissues to initiate labor via exosomes (extracellular vesicles; 30-150 nm). We tested the hypothesis that fetal membrane cells exposed to infectious and inflammatory mediators associated with preterm birth (PTB) produce exosomes with distinct protein cargo contents indicative of underlying pathobiology. METHODS OF STUDY Fetal membrane explants (FM) as well as primary amnion epithelial (AEC) and mesenchymal cells (AMC), and chorion cells (CC) from term deliveries were maintained in normal conditions (control) or exposed to LPS 100 ng/mL or TNF-α 50 ng/mL for 48 hours. Exosomes were isolated from media by differential centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography and characterized using cryo-electron microscopy (morphology), nanoparticle tracking analysis (size and quantity), Western blot (markers), and mass spectroscopy (cargo proteins). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) determined pathways indicated by differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS Irrespective of source or treatment, exosomes were spherical, had similar size, quantities, and markers (ALIX, CD63, and CD81). However, exosome cargo proteins were different between FM and individual fetal membrane cell-derived exosomes in response to treatments. Several common proteins were seen; however, there are several unique proteins expressed by exosomes from different cell types in response to distinct stimuli indicative of unique pathways and physiological functions in cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate collective tissue and independent cell response reflected in exosomes in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. These cargoes determined underlying physiology and their potential in enhancing inflammation in a paracrine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Monsivais
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William Russell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - George R Saade
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher L Dixon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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167
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Czernek L, Düchler M. Exosomes as Messengers Between Mother and Fetus in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4264. [PMID: 32549407 PMCID: PMC7352303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of exosomes to transport different molecular cargoes and their ability to influence various physiological factors is already well known. An exciting area of research explores the functions of exosomes in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Placenta-derived exosomes were identified in the maternal circulation during pregnancy and their contribution in the crosstalk between mother and fetus are now starting to become defined. In this review, we will try to summarize actual knowledge about this topic and to answer the question of how important exosomes are for a healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Düchler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112, Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhao X, Wu D, Ma X, Wang J, Hou W, Zhang W. Exosomes as drug carriers for cancer therapy and challenges regarding exosome uptake. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110237. [PMID: 32470747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of biomedicine, exosomes are rapidly developing as a new therapy for tumors. As biological carriers, exosomes possess biological activity and can transport their contents between cells. The contents are natural or artificially loaded with biomolecules or chemical drugs. Exosomes deliver biomolecules or chemical drugs into the pathological sites of recipient, which can effectively inhibit the progression of tumors. However, the treatments of tumors through the delivery of exosomes are not sufficiently accurate or efficient, and various challenges need to be overcome. Exosomes from different cell sources possess different characteristics, as well as different specificity for various cells. In the future, for the promotion and application of exosomes, it is of great significance to understand how to select appropriate exosomes loaded with biomolecules or chemical drugs for different tumors types, and how to deliver exosomes to recipient cells accurately and efficiently. This review introduces the application and challenges of exosomes as delivery carriers in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Zhao
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Dongliang Wu
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenjun Hou
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Lamont RF, Richardson LS, Boniface JJ, Cobo T, Exner MM, Christensen IB, Forslund SK, Gaba A, Helmer H, Jørgensen JS, Khan RN, McElrath TF, Petro K, Rasmussen M, Singh R, Tribe RM, Vink JS, Vinter CA, Zhong N, Menon R. Commentary on a combined approach to the problem of developing biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm labor that leads to preterm birth. Placenta 2020; 98:13-23. [PMID: 33039027 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, preterm birth has replaced congenital malformation as the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The reduced rate of congenital malformation was not achieved through a single biophysical or biochemical marker at a specific gestational age, but rather through a combination of clinical, biophysical and biochemical markers at different gestational ages. Since the aetiology of spontaneous preterm birth is also multifactorial, it is unlikely that a single biomarker test, at a specific gestational age will emerge as the definitive predictive test. METHODS The Biomarkers Group of PREBIC, comprising clinicians, basic scientists and other experts in the field, with a particular interest in preterm birth have produced this commentary with short, medium and long-term aims: i) to alert clinicians to the advances that are being made in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth; ii) to encourage clinicians and scientists to continue their efforts in this field, and not to be disheartened or nihilistic because of a perceived lack of progress and iii) to enable development of novel interventions that can reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. RESULTS Using language that we hope is clear to practising clinicians, we have identified 11 Sections in which there exists the potential, feasibility and capability of technologies for candidate biomarkers in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and how current limitations to this research might be circumvented. DISCUSSION The combination of biophysical, biochemical, immunological, microbiological, fetal cell, exosomal, or cell free RNA at different gestational ages, integrated as part of a multivariable predictor model may be necessary to advance our attempts to predict sPTL and PTB. This will require systems biological data using "omics" data and artificial intelligence/machine learning to manage the data appropriately. The ultimate goal is to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Lamont
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Division of Surgery, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Campus, University College London, London, UK.
| | - L S Richardson
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J J Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., 2749 East Parleys Way, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - T Cobo
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obstetrícia I Neonatología, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Exner
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - S K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Gaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - H Helmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - J S Jørgensen
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technologies (CIMT), Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 8, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital/University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9 a, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - R N Khan
- Division of Medical Science and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Room 4115, Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | | | - K Petro
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - M Rasmussen
- MIRVIE Inc., 820 Dubuque Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Singh
- ARCEDI Biotech ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R M Tribe
- Dept. of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J S Vink
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C A Vinter
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 105 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - R Menon
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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170
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Levine L, Habertheuer A, Ram C, Korutla L, Schwartz N, Hu RW, Reddy S, Freas A, Zielinski PD, Harmon J, Molugu SK, Parry S, Vallabhajosyula P. Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular microvesicle profiles in maternal circulation for noninvasive diagnosis of preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6398. [PMID: 32286341 PMCID: PMC7156695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is the most common placental pathology in pregnant females, with increased morbidity and mortality incurred on the mother and the fetus. There is a need for improved biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of this condition. Placental syncytiotrophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface release nanoparticles, including extracellular microvesicles, into the maternal blood during pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular microvesicles (STEVs) are being studied for their diagnostic potential and for their potential physiologic role in preeclampsia. We hypothesized that STEV profiles in maternal circulation would be altered under conditions of preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by BeWo cells in vitro showed high expression of syncytin-1, but no plac1 expression, demonstrating that trophoblast cell EVs express syncytin-1 on their surface. Placental alkaline phosphatase also showed high expression on BeWo EVs, but due to concern for cross reactivity to highly prevalent isoforms of intestinal and bone alkaline phosphatase, we utilized syncytin-1 as a marker for STEVs. In vivo, syncytin-1 protein expression was confirmed in maternal plasma EVs from Control and Preeclampsia subjects by Western blot, and overall, lower expression was noted in samples from patients with preeclampsia (n = 8). By nanoparticle analysis, EV profiles from Control and Preeclampsia groups showed similar total plasma EV quantities (p = 0.313) and size distribution (p = 0.415), but STEV quantitative signal, marked by syncytin-1 specific EVs, was significantly decreased in the Preeclampsia group (p = 2.8 × 10−11). Receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that STEV signal threshold cut-off of <0.316 was 95.2% sensitive and 95.6% specific for diagnosis of preeclampsia in this cohort (area under curve = 0.975 ± 0.020). In conclusion, we report that the syncytin-1 expressing EV profiles in maternal plasma might serve as a placental tissue specific biomarker for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Levine
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andreas Habertheuer
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chirag Ram
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laxminarayana Korutla
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadav Schwartz
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W Hu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjana Reddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Freas
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick D Zielinski
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joey Harmon
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sudheer Kumar Molugu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanth Vallabhajosyula
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
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171
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Jørgensen MM, Bæk R, Sloth J, Varming K, Christiansen OB, Ditlevsen NE, Rajaratnam N. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin increases the level of small EVs in plasma of pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 140:103128. [PMID: 32330775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small cell-derived compartments, take part in numerous different physiological processes. The contents of EVs reveal the cell of origin and indicates pathophysiological states in different diseases. In pregnancy disorders, changes have been reported in the composition, bioactivity and concentration of placental and non-placental EVs. The purpose of this study was to monitor the effects on EVs in patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or placebo (albumin) treatment due to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In a placebo-controlled trial study of IVIG treatment, plasma collected from 39 women with RPL were investigated using the Extracellular Vesicle Array (EV Array). Plasma was sampled consecutively (from gestational week (GW) 5) and the protein phenotypes of the smaller EVs (sEVs) were analyzed for the presence of 34 markers. The levels of sEVs or changes in their levels in early pregnancy were correlated with treatment. There was statistically significant increased levels of sEVs in patients who received IVIG versus placebo. In conclusion, the treatment with high-doses of IVIG clearly boosted the production and release of sEVs to the circulation; however, the biological role of this boost remains to be clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Extracellular Vesicles Research Center Denmark (EVSearch.dk), Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Extracellular Vesicles Research Center Denmark (EVSearch.dk), Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jenni Sloth
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Extracellular Vesicles Research Center Denmark (EVSearch.dk), Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Varming
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Extracellular Vesicles Research Center Denmark (EVSearch.dk), Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Nadja Emilie Ditlevsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; School of Medicine and Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nina Rajaratnam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; School of Medicine and Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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172
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Transfection of maternal cells with placental extracellular vesicles in preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109721. [PMID: 32289644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles is widely studied. As well as other organs, placenta produces extracellular vesicles during both, normal and pathological pregnancies. During pregnancy, placental/fetal free DNA circulates in maternal blood. Concentrations of free placental DNA are much higher when pregnancy complications of various etiologies occur. Such a complication could be preeclampsia. In our previous animal model, administration of pure DNA isolated from fetus did not induce any prenatal complications. Here we hypothesize that in real life during preeclampsia or other pregnancy complications, placental DNA might be transported by extracellular vesicles to maternal cells. Also, our preliminary data prove that placental DNA is present in circulating exosomes in maternal blood. Therefore, a lipid bilayer of extracellular vesicles could protect DNA from degradation by enzymes. Extracellular vesicles tend to merge with other cells, therefore, following expression of fetal genes from placental extracellular vesicles in maternal cells could lead to an immune response already observed in pregnancy complications. Future studies should be mainly focused on verification of our hypothesis and evaluate the potential of placental/fetal extracellular vesicles and their gene transfer in preeclampsia or other pregnancy complications.
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173
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Menon R, Debnath C, Lai A, Guanzon D, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P, Sheller-Miller S, Salomon C. Protein Profile Changes in Circulating Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Term and Preterm Births: A Longitudinal Study. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa009. [PMID: 31995166 PMCID: PMC7102872 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) is a major obstetrical problem around the globe and the mechanisms leading to PTB are unclear. Recently, changes in the circulating levels of placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) during pregnancy have been associated with various pregnancy complications. However, progress in the field is hindered by the inability to isolate placental EVs from the maternal circulation. A longitudinal study design was used to determine the protein cargo present in circulating placental EVs in maternal plasma of term and PTB across gestation (ie, first, second, and third trimester). Placental-derived EVs were enriched from the total EV population based on their expression of membrane-bound placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). A quantitative, information-independent acquisition (sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra [SWATH]) approach identified and quantified the placental EV protein contents. PLAP+ EVs did not change in characteristics (size, shape, and markers) but did differ in numbers across gestation with low levels in PTB. A comparison analysis between the PLAP+ EV proteome from term and PTB revealed 96 proteins differing significantly (P < 0.05, false discovery rate 1%) across gestation. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed consistent upregulation of inflammatory pathways in both upregulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways at term and downregulation of coagulation/complement activation in preterm. Characterization of the proteomic profile in PLAP+ EVs across gestation demonstrates dramatic changes, which might be used to understand the biological process associated with early parturition and develop biomarkers for predicting high-risk status for PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chirantan Debnath
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute of India, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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174
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Monteiro LJ, Varas-Godoy M, Acuña-Gallardo S, Correa P, Passalacqua G, Monckeberg M, Rice GE, Illanes SE. Increased Circulating Levels of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Are Associated with the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion During the First Trimester of Pregnancy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040197. [PMID: 32244842 PMCID: PMC7235768 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is a common complication in early pregnancy, with an incidence of around 20%. Ultrasound scan and measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin are used to identify patients at risk of spontaneous abortion; however, there is a clinical need to find new biomarkers to prospectively identify patients before the onset of clinical symptoms. Here, we aim to investigate potential biomarkers of spontaneous abortion taken in the first clinical appointment of pregnancy. A case–control study was conducted based on a prospectively collected cohort in which cases and controls were retrospectively stratified based on pregnancy outcome: normal healthy pregnancies (controls = 33) and pregnancies that ended in spontaneous abortion (cases = 10). We evaluated extracellular vesicles isolated by precipitation with ExoQuick™ and protein concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator, leptin, and adiponectin measured by ELISA. The extracellular vesicles showed the typical morphology and membrane proteins: CD63, Alix, and Flotilin-1. The size distributions of the isolated extracellular vesicles were 112 ± 27 and 118 ± 28 nm in diameter for controls and spontaneous abortion, respectively, and the total amount of extracellular vesicles did not show any difference between controls and the spontaneous abortion group. The tissue plasminogen activator showed a significant difference (p = 0.0004) between both groups, although neither adiponectin nor leptin revealed significant changes, indicating that women who had spontaneous abortions have significantly higher levels of tissue plasminogen activator than women who had normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Monteiro
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab., Centre of Celullar Biology and Biomedicine (CEBICEM), Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Stephanie Acuña-Gallardo
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
| | - Paula Correa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Clínica Dávila, Santiago 8420384, Chile
| | - Gianluca Passalacqua
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
| | - Max Monckeberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, QLD 4029 Herston, Australia
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.J.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Clínica Dávila, Santiago 8420384, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56 2 2373 6552
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175
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Floriano JF, Willis G, Catapano F, de Lima PR, Reis FVDS, Barbosa AMP, Rudge MVC, Emanueli C. Exosomes Could Offer New Options to Combat the Long-Term Complications Inflicted by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2020; 9:E675. [PMID: 32164322 PMCID: PMC7140615 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a complex clinical condition that promotes pelvic floor myopathy, thus predisposing sufferers to urinary incontinence (UI). GDM usually regresses after birth. Nonetheless, a GDM history is associated with higher risk of subsequently developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and UI. Some aspects of the pathophysiology of GDM remain unclear and the associated pathologies (outcomes) are poorly addressed, simultaneously raising public health costs and diminishing women's quality of life. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles produced and actively secreted by cells as part of their intercellular communication system. Exosomes are heterogenous in their cargo and depending on the cell sources and environment, they can mediate both pathogenetic and therapeutic functions. With the advancement in knowledge of exosomes, new perspectives have emerged to support the mechanistic understanding, prediction/diagnosis and ultimately, treatment of the post-GMD outcomes. Here, we will review recent advances in knowledge of the role of exosomes in GDM and related areas and discuss the possibilities for translating exosomes as therapeutic agents in the GDM clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Floriano
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil; (J.F.F.); (P.R.d.L.); (F.V.D.S.R.); (A.M.P.B.)
| | - Gareth Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine/Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Francesco Catapano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues de Lima
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil; (J.F.F.); (P.R.d.L.); (F.V.D.S.R.); (A.M.P.B.)
| | | | - Angélica Mercia Pascon Barbosa
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil; (J.F.F.); (P.R.d.L.); (F.V.D.S.R.); (A.M.P.B.)
| | - Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil; (J.F.F.); (P.R.d.L.); (F.V.D.S.R.); (A.M.P.B.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
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176
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Sadovsky Y, Ouyang Y, Powell JS, Li H, Mouillet JF, Morelli AE, Sorkin A, Margolis L. Placental small extracellular vesicles: Current questions and investigative opportunities. Placenta 2020; 102:34-38. [PMID: 33218576 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of regulated trafficking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has added a new dimension to our understanding of local and distant communication among cells and tissues. Notwithstanding the expanded landscape of EV subtypes, the majority of research in the field centers on small and large EVs that are commonly termed exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic cell-derived vesicles. In the context of pregnancy, EV-based communication has a special role in the crosstalk among the placenta, maternal and fetal compartments, with most studies focusing on trophoblastic EVs and their effect on other placental cell types, endothelial cells, and distant tissues. Many unanswered questions in the field of EV biology center on the mechanisms of vesicle biogenesis, loading of cargo molecules, EV release and trafficking, the interaction of EVs with target cells and the endocytic pathways underlying their uptake, and the intracellular processing of EVs inside target cells. These questions are directly relevant to EV-based placental-maternal-fetal communication and have unique implications in the context of interaction between two organisms. Despite rapid progress in the field, the number of speculative, unsubstantiated assumptions about placental EVs is concerning. Here we attempt to delineate existing knowledge in the field, focusing primarily on placental small EVs (exosomes). We define central questions that require investigative attention in order to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Powell
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section for Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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177
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James‐Allan LB, Rosario FJ, Barner K, Lai A, Guanzon D, McIntyre HD, Lappas M, Powell TL, Salomon C, Jansson T. Regulation of glucose homeostasis by small extracellular vesicles in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes. FASEB J 2020; 34:5724-5739. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902522rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. James‐Allan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Frederick J. Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Kelsey Barner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory Centre for Clinical Diagnostics UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory Centre for Clinical Diagnostics UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - H. David McIntyre
- Exosome Biology Laboratory Centre for Clinical Diagnostics UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
- Mater Health Services and Mater Medical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland South Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Section for Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory Centre for Clinical Diagnostics UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
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178
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Hernández-Montiel W, Martínez-Núñez MA, Ramón-Ugalde JP, Román-Ponce SI, Calderón-Chagoya R, Zamora-Bustillos R. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes for Litter Size Traits in Pelibuey Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030434. [PMID: 32143402 PMCID: PMC7143297 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pelibuey sheep has adaptability to climatic variations, resistance to parasites, and good maternal ability, whereas some ewes present multiple births, which increases the litter size in farm sheep. The litter size in some wool sheep breeds is associated with the presence of mutations, mainly in the family of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) genes. To explore genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in litter size, we conducted a genome-wide association study in two groups of Pelibuey sheep (multiparous sheep with two lambs per birth vs. uniparous sheep with a single lamb at birth) using the OvineSNP50 BeadChip. We identified a total of 57 putative SNPs markers (p < 3.0 × 10-3, Bonferroni correction). The candidate genes that may be associated with litter size in Pelibuey sheep are CLSTN2, MTMR2, DLG1, CGA, ABCG5, TRPM6, and HTR1E. Genomic regions were also identified that contain three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for aseasonal reproduction (ASREP), milk yield (MY), and body weight (BW). These results allowed us to identify SNPs associated with genes that could be involved in the reproductive process related to prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilber Hernández-Montiel
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico; (W.H.-M.); (J.P.R.-U.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad del Papaloapan, Loma Bonita Oaxaca 68400, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Martínez-Núñez
- UMDI-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sierra Papacal-Chuburna Km 5, Mérida, Yucatán 97302, Mexico;
| | - Julio Porfirio Ramón-Ugalde
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico; (W.H.-M.); (J.P.R.-U.)
| | - Sergio Iván Román-Ponce
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Ajuchitlán Colón, Querétaro 76280, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (S.I.R.-P.); (R.Z.-B.); Tel.: +52-5538718700 (ext. 80208) (S.I.R.-P.); +52-999-341-0860 (ext. 7631) (R.Z.-B.)
| | - Rene Calderón-Chagoya
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Ajuchitlán Colón, Querétaro 76280, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Zamora-Bustillos
- TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico; (W.H.-M.); (J.P.R.-U.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.R.-P.); (R.Z.-B.); Tel.: +52-5538718700 (ext. 80208) (S.I.R.-P.); +52-999-341-0860 (ext. 7631) (R.Z.-B.)
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179
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Li H, Ouyang Y, Sadovsky E, Parks WT, Chu T, Sadovsky Y. Unique microRNA Signals in Plasma Exosomes from Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2020; 75:762-771. [PMID: 31983308 PMCID: PMC7076905 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although preeclampsia is a common and serious complication of pregnancy, insight into its pathobiology and diagnosis is lacking. Circulating plasma exosomes, which contain RNA and other molecules and have recently become accessible for diagnostics, may be informative in this regard. We tested the hypothesis that preeclampsia may affect the miRNA cargo within circulating maternal blood exosomes. We collected plasma from 60 pregnant women at term, including 20 women with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia, and 20 women with fetal growth restriction and 20 with healthy pregnancy, serving as controls. We isolated exosomes from the maternal plasma by continuous density gradient ultracentrifugation. Our main outcome variable was exosomal miRNA cargo, analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based TaqMan advanced miRNA assay in a card format and the expression of differentially expressed exosomal miRNA in whole plasma from the same participants. We found that 7 miRNA species were differentially expressed in exosomes from women with preeclampsia and those from controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in exosomal miRNA expression between women with fetal growth restriction and controls. The results were not affected by fetal sex. Only one of the preeclampsia-related, differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs was significantly different in whole plasma miRNA analysis. We concluded that unlike whole plasma miRNA, exosomes extracted from the plasma of women with preeclampsia exhibit a unique miRNA profile, suggesting that plasma exosomal miRNA could provide insight into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and may play a role in disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W. Tony Parks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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180
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Maduray K, Moodley J, Mackraj I. The impact of circulating exosomes derived from early and late onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies on inflammatory cytokine secretion by BeWo cells. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 247:156-162. [PMID: 32114320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications, an increased inflammatory response, placental hypoxia, and endothelial dysfunction, coupled with differential exosomal release profiles with immune modulation effects. Hence, this study evaluated the impact of circulating exosomes derived from early and late-onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies on inflammatory cytokine secretion by BeWo cells. STUDY DESIGN Exosomes were isolated from plasma obtained from early-onset pre-eclamptic (EOPE; n = 15), late-onset pre-eclamptic (LOPE; n = 15), and gestational age-matched normotensive pregnancies (N ≤ 33 weeks; n = 15 and N ≥ 34 weeks; n = 15). Human BeWo cells were treated with characterized and quantified exosomes (100 μg/mL exosomal protein per pregnant group) for 24 h. The immunoassay method was used to measure the concentration of IL-8, IL-10, leptin, and HIF-α. RESULTS Exosome administration from women with EOPE and LOPE increased IL-8 and decreased IL-10 expression in BeWo cells. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, our data demonstrated that circulating exosomes from the placenta and activated immune cells potentially influence inflammatory cytokine production in pre-eclamptic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maduray
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - J Moodley
- Womens' Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - I Mackraj
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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181
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Tran PHL, Xiang D, Nguyen TNG, Tran TTD, Chen Q, Yin W, Zhang Y, Kong L, Duan A, Chen K, Sun M, Li Y, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Jiang G, Duan W. Aptamer-guided extracellular vesicle theranostics in oncology. Theranostics 2020; 10:3849-3866. [PMID: 32226524 PMCID: PMC7086349 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of exosomes, nanosized vesicles (50-150 nm) released into the extracellular space via the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, has burgeoned with impressive achievements in theranostics applications. These nanosized vesicles have emerged as key players in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of diseases owing to the variety of the cargos they can carry, the nature of the molecules packaged inside the vesicles, and the robust interactions between exosomes and target cells or tissues. Accordingly, the development of exosome-based liquid biopsy techniques for early disease detection and for monitoring disease progression marks a new era of precision medicine in the 21st century. Moreover, exosomes possess intrinsic properties - a nanosized structure and unique "homing effects" - that make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles. In addition, targeted exosome-based drug delivery systems can be further optimized using active targeting ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers. Indeed, the aptamers themselves can function as therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools based on their attributes of unique target-binding and non-immunogenicity. This review aims to provide readers with a current picture of the research on exosomes and aptamers and their applications in cancer theranostics, highlighting recent advances in their transition from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H-L Tran
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louise Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tuong N-G Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thao T-D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Qian Chen
- Translational Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Wang Yin
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miomio Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, and St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- Clinical School, Luohe Medical College, 148, Daxue Road, Luohe City, Henan Province, 462000, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215004
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- GenePharma-Deakin Joint Laboratory of Aptamer Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China and Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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182
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Bauersachs S, Mermillod P, Almiñana C. The Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles' RNA Cargo Regulates the Bovine Embryonic Transcriptome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041303. [PMID: 32075098 PMCID: PMC7072903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) are emerging as key players in the gamete/embryo–oviduct interactions that contribute to successful pregnancy. Various positive effects of oEVs on gametes and early embryos have been found in vitro. To determine whether these effects are associated with changes of embryonic gene expression, the transcriptomes of embryos supplemented with bovine fresh (FeEVs) or frozen (FoEVs) oEVs during in vitro culture compared to controls without oEVs were analyzed by low-input RNA sequencing. Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed 221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FoEV treatment and control, 67 DEGs for FeEV and FoEV treatments, and minor differences between FeEV treatment and control (28 DEGs). An integrative analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs contained in oEVs obtained in a previous study with embryonic mRNA alterations pointed to direct effects of oEV cargo on embryos (1) by increasing the concentration of delivered transcripts; (2) by translating delivered mRNAs to proteins that regulate embryonic gene expression; and (3) by oEV-derived miRNAs which downregulate embryonic mRNAs or modify gene expression in other ways. Our study provided the first high-throughput analysis of the embryonic transcriptome regulated by oEVs, increasing our knowledge on the impact of oEVs on the embryo and revealing the oEV RNA components that potentially regulate embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauersachs
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, VetSuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau (ZH), Switzerland;
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- UMR85 PRC, INRA, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Carmen Almiñana
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, VetSuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau (ZH), Switzerland;
- UMR85 PRC, INRA, CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
- Correspondence:
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183
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Yang H, Ma Q, Wang Y, Tang Z. Clinical application of exosomes and circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of pregnancy complications and foetal abnormalities. J Transl Med 2020; 18:32. [PMID: 31969163 PMCID: PMC6975063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy in humans, the physiology of the mother and foetus are finely regulated by many factors. Inappropriate regulation can result in pregnancy disorders, such as complications and foetal abnormalities. The early prediction or accurate diagnosis of related diseases is a concern of researchers. Liquid biopsy can be analysed for circulating cells, cell-free nucleic acids, and exosomes. Because exosomes can be detected in the peripheral blood of women in early pregnancy, these vesicles and their contents have become the focus of early prediction or diagnostic biomarker research on pregnancy complications and foetal developmental disorders. In this review, we focus on recent studies addressing the roles of peripheral blood exosomes and circulating miRNAs in pregnancy complications and in pregnancies with abnormal foetal developmental disorders, with particular attention paid to the potential application value of exosomes and circulating miRNAs as disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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184
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Mitchell MD, Crookenden MA, Vaswani K, Roche JR, Peiris HN. The frontiers of biomedical science and its application to animal science in addressing the major challenges facing Australasian dairy farming. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extraordinary advances are occurring in biomedical science that may revolutionise how we approach health and disease. Many have applications in the dairy industry. We have described one particular area of extracellular vesicles that have already proven to be of interest in diagnostics and prognostics for fertility and assessment of ‘transition’ cows (i.e. evaluation of the problems related to the risk of clinical diseases in dairy cows, such as mastitis and milk fever, during transition period). The addition of measurements of circulating RNA and DNA may prove of value in identifying dairy cows with higher risks of clinical diseases and potentially poor fertility. We describe the exciting opportunity provided by the possibility of generating exosomes to order as therapeutic agents to potentially enhance fertility. The even more radical concept of using exosomes to deliver a CRISPR-linked gene editing function is presented. Undoubtedly, the use of biomedical advances to assist the dairy industry is an obvious and practical approach that has significant merit.
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185
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McElwain CJ, Tuboly E, McCarthy FP, McCarthy CM. Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 33042016 PMCID: PMC7516342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency and adipose tissue dysregulation are postulated to play key roles in the pathophysiology of both pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A dysfunctional release of deleterious signaling motifs can offset an increase in circulating oxidative stressors, pro-inflammatory factors and various cytokines. It has been previously postulated that endothelial dysfunction, instigated by signaling from endocrine organs such as the placenta and adipose tissue, may be a key mediator of the vasculopathy that is evident in both adverse obstetric complications. These signaling pathways also have significant effects on long term maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes, specifically cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type II diabetes. Recent studies have noted that both PE and GDM are strongly associated with lower maternal flow-mediated dilation, however the exact pathways which link endothelial dysfunction to clinical outcomes in these complications remains in question. The current diagnostic regimen for both PE and GDM lacks specificity and consistency in relation to clinical guidelines. Furthermore, current therapeutic options rely largely on clinical symptom control such as antihypertensives and insulin therapy, rather than that of early intervention or prophylaxis. A better understanding of the pathogenic origin of these obstetric complications will allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will explore the complex signaling relationship between the placenta and adipose tissue in PE and GDM and investigate how these intricate pathways affect maternal endothelial function and, hence, play a role in acute pathophysiology and the development of future chronic maternal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J. McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Colm J. McElwain
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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186
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Tapia-Castillo A, Guanzon D, Palma C, Lai A, Barros E, Allende F, Vecchiola A, Fardella CE, Salomón C, Carvajal CA. Downregulation of exosomal miR-192-5p and miR-204-5p in subjects with nonclassic apparent mineralocorticoid excess. J Transl Med 2019; 17:392. [PMID: 31775784 PMCID: PMC6880399 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "nonclassic" apparent mineralocorticoid excess (NC-AME) has been identified in approximately 7% of general population. This phenotype is characterized by low plasma renin activity (PRA), high serum cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) ratio, low cortisone, high Fractional Excretion of potassium (FEK) and normal-elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). An early detection and/or identification of novel biomarkers of this phenotype could avoid the progression or future complications leading to arterial hypertension. Isolation of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, in specific biofluids support the identification of tissue-specific RNA and miRNA, which may be useful as novel biomarkers. Our aim was to identify miRNAs within urinary exosomes associated to the NC-AME phenotype. METHODS We perform a cross-sectional study in a primary care cohort of 127 Chilean subjects. We measured BP, serum cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone, PRA. According to the previous reported, a subgroup of subjects was classified as NC-AME (n = 10). Urinary exosomes were isolated and miRNA cargo was sequenced by Illumina-NextSeq-500. RESULTS We found that NC-AME subjects had lower cortisone (p < 0.0001), higher F/E ratio (p < 0.0001), lower serum potassium (p = 0.009) and higher FEK 24 h (p = 0.03) than controls. We found miR-204-5p (fold-change = 0.115; p 0.001) and miR-192-5p (fold-change = 0.246; p 0.03) are both significantly downregulated in NC-AME. miR-192-5p expression was correlated with PRA (r = 0.45; p 0.028) and miR-204-5p expression with SBP (r = - 0.48, p 0.027) and F/E ratio (r = - 0.48; p 0.026). CONCLUSIONS These findings could support a potential role of these miRNAs as regulators and novel biomarkers of the NC-AME phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, piso 4, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Eric Barros
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, piso 4, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, piso 4, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, piso 4, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomón
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, piso 4, Santiago, 8330077, Chile.
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinología (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII-ICM), Santiago, Chile.
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Rodrigues M, Richards N, Ning B, Lyon CJ, Hu TY. Rapid Lipid-Based Approach for Normalization of Quantum-Dot-Detected Biomarker Expression on Extracellular Vesicles in Complex Biological Samples. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7623-7631. [PMID: 31317745 PMCID: PMC8162763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of considerable interest as tumor biomarkers because tumor-derived EVs contain a broad array of information about tumor pathophysiology. However, current EV assays cannot distinguish between EV biomarker differences resulting from altered abundance of a target EV population with stable biomarker expression, altered biomarker expression in a stable target EV population, or effects arising from changes in both parameters. We now describe a rapid nanoparticle- and dye-based fluorescent immunoassay that can distinguish among these possibilities by normalizing EV biomarker levels to EV abundance. In this approach, EVs are captured from complex samples (e.g., serum), stained with a lipophilic dye, and hybridized with antibody-conjugated quantum dot probes for specific EV surface biomarkers. EV dye signal is used to quantify EV abundance and normalize EV surface biomarker expression levels. EVs from malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic cell lines exhibited similar staining, and probe-to-dye ratios did not change with EV abundance, allowing direct analysis of normalized EV biomarker expression without a separate EV quantification step. This EV biomarker normalization approach markedly improved the ability of serum levels of two pancreatic cancer biomarkers, EV EpCAM and EV EphA2, to discriminate pancreatic cancer patients from nonmalignant control subjects. The streamlined workflow and robust results of this assay are suitable for rapid translation to clinical applications and its modular design permits it to be rapidly adapted to quantitate other EV biomarkers by the simple expedient of swapping the antibody-conjugated quantum dot probes for those that recognize a different disease-specific EV biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Rodrigues
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Nicole Richards
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
- Corresponding Author. Phone: 504-605-8004
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Zhang W, Lu S, Pu D, Zhang H, Yang L, Zeng P, Su F, Chen Z, Guo M, Gu Y, Luo Y, Hu H, Lu Y, Chen F, Gao Y. Detection of fetal trisomy and single gene disease by massively parallel sequencing of extracellular vesicle DNA in maternal plasma: a proof-of-concept validation. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:151. [PMID: 31684971 PMCID: PMC6829814 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During human pregnancy, placental trophectoderm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into maternal circulation. Trophoblasts also give rise to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal blood, and has been used for noninvasive prenatal screening for chromosomal aneuploidy. We intended to prove the existence of DNA in the EVs (evDNA) of maternal blood, and compared evDNA with plasma cfDNA in terms of genome distribution, fragment length, and the possibility of detecting genetic diseases. METHODS Maternal blood from 20 euploid pregnancies, 9 T21 pregnancies, 3 T18 pregnancies, 1 T13 pregnancy, and 2 pregnancies with FGFR3 mutations were obtained. EVs were separated from maternal plasma, and confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and flow cytometry (FACS). evDNA was extracted and its fetal origin was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Pair-end (PE) whole genome sequencing was performed to characterize evDNA, and the results were compared with that of cfDNA. The fetal risk of aneuploidy and monogenic diseases was analyzed using the evDNA sequencing data. RESULTS EVs separated from maternal plasma were confirmed with morphology by TEM, and protein markers of CD9, CD63, CD81 as well as the placental specific protein placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were confirmed by western blotting or flow cytometry. EvDNA could be successfully extracted for qPCR and sequencing from the plasma EVs. Sequencing data showed that evDNA span on all 23 pairs of chromosomes and mitochondria, sharing a similar distribution pattern and higher GC content comparing with cfDNA. EvDNA showed shorter fragments yet lower fetal fraction than cfDNA. EvDNA could be used to correctly determine fetal gender, trisomies, and de novo FGFR3 mutations. CONCLUSIONS We proved that fetal DNA could be detected in EVs separated from maternal plasma. EvDNA shared some similar features to plasma cfDNA, and could potentially be used to detect genetic diseases in fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Sen Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Dandan Pu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Lin Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fengxia Su
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Mei Guo
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huamei Hu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Sheller-Miller S, Choi K, Choi C, Menon R. Cyclic-recombinase-reporter mouse model to determine exosome communication and function during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:502.e1-502.e12. [PMID: 31207235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, feto-maternal communication can be mediated through extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, 30- to 150-nm particles released from each cell. Exosomes carry cellular signals, and traffic between fetal and maternal tissues to produce functional changes in recipient cells. Exosomes may function as a biomarker indicative of the physiologic status of their tissue of origin. These properties of exosomes during pregnancy are not well studied. OBJECTIVE To test exosome trafficking and function, we used a transgenic mouse model containing membrane-targeted, red fluorescent protein tdTomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein cyclic recombinase-reporter construct expressed only in fetal tissues. This model allows fetal tissues and their exosomes to express tdTomato under normal conditions or green fluorescent protein if fetal tissues are exposed to cyclic recombinase that will excise tdTomato. As maternal tissue remains negative for this construct, tdTomato/green fluorescent protein expression and their switching can be used to determine fetal-specific cell and exosome trafficking. MATERIALS AND METHODS tdTomato/green fluorescent protein-homozygous male mice were mated with wild-type females to have all fetal tissues express the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein allele. Red fluorescence due to tdTomato expression of the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein allele in fetal tissues (placenta, fetal membranes) was confirmed by confocal microscopy on embryonic day 16. Localization of fetal exosomes in maternal uterine tissues were performed by immunostaining for exosome marker CD81 and tdTomato expression followed by confocal microscopy. Fetal exosomes (tdTomato-positive) in maternal plasma were immunoprecipitated using anti-red fluorescent protein tdTomato, followed by confirmation with flow cytometry. To further illustrate the fidelity of fetal exosomes in maternal samples, exosomes bioengineered to contain cyclic recombinase (1.0 × 1010 exosomes) were injected intraperitoneally on embryonic day 13. On embryonic day 16, fetal (placenta and fetal membranes) tissues were imaged to show tdTomato-to-green fluorescent protein transition. The green fluorescent protein-expressing exomes were localized in maternal tissues (confocal microscopy) and plasma (flow cytometry). RESULTS Mating between a male with the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein construct and a null female resulted in fetal tissues and their exosomes expressing tdTomato positivity. Total fetal exosomes in maternal plasma was about 35%. tdTomato-positive exosomes were isolated from maternal plasma and immunostaining localized tdTomato-positive exosomes in maternal uterine tissues. Maternal intraperitoneal injection of cyclic recombinase-enriched exosomes crossed placenta, excised tdTomato from the tdTomato/green fluorescent protein construct in the fetal tissues, and caused green fluorescent protein expression in fetal cells. Furthermore, green fluorescent protein-positive exosomes released from fetal cells were isolated from maternal blood. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we report feto-maternal and maternal-fetal trafficking of exosomes indicative of paracrine signaling during pregnancy. Exosomes from the maternal side can produce functional changes in fetal tissues. Trafficking of exosomes suggests their potential role in pregnancy as biomarkers of fetal functions and usefulness as a carrier of drugs and other cargo to the fetal side during pregnancy. Isolation and characterization of fetal exosomes can advance fetal research without performing invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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Exosomes: Biogenesis, Composition, Functions, and Their Role in Pre-metastatic Niche Formation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sheller-Miller S, Radnaa E, Arita Y, Getahun D, Jones RJ, Peltier MR, Menon R. Environmental pollutant induced cellular injury is reflected in exosomes from placental explants. Placenta 2019; 89:42-49. [PMID: 31675489 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes are intercellular signaling vesicles whose cargo reflects the physiological status of the cell of their origin and can regulate gene expression in other tissues. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and bisphenols (A [BPA], Tetrabromobisphenol A [TBBPA], and 2,4,6-Tribromophenol [TBP]) are common environmental pollutants known to increase the risk for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). We hypothesized that placental exposure to these environmental pollutants causes exosome cargo changes that reflect exposure associated placental response. METHODS Full-term, C-section placenta explants were treated with PBDE congeners (47, 100, 153, 209), TBBPA, TBP or BPA for 24 h. Exosomes were isolated from media by sequential ultracentrifugation and purified by size exclusion chromatography. Exosomes were characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot. Proteomics identified differentially expressed exosomal proteins and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) determined biological functions and pathways represented by identified proteins. RESULTS Regardless of treatment, placental expressed exosomes markers (PLAP, CD9, CD63, 81 and ALIX), had a size distribution between 50 and 175 nm and were present in the conditioned medium at 5-8 x 1011 exosomes/mL. Proteomic analysis identified 2598 proteins which demonstrated that specific pollutants caused differential expression of specific proteins, including alarmin, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), MAPK14 (p38 MAPK) and GSK3β. IPA revealed an inhibition of pathways associated with cell survival, tissue repair and proliferation, as well as activation of cell death pathways (e.g. necrosis). CONCLUSION Environmental exposure of placental explants did not change the quantity of exosomes or their characteristics. However, exosome cargo composition exposed to some environment pollutants may be involved in placental nuclear and cellular injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTMB-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Department of Biomedical Research, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Biomedical Research, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTMB-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Vasconcelos MH, Caires HR, Ābols A, Xavier CPR, Linē A. Extracellular vesicles as a novel source of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for monitoring cancer progression and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100647. [PMID: 31704541 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been detected in the bloodstream and other biofluids of cancer patients. They carry various tumor-derived molecules such as mutated DNA and RNA fragments, oncoproteins as well as miRNA and protein signatures associated with various phenotypes. The molecular cargo of EVs partially reflects the intracellular status of their cellular origin, however various sorting mechanisms lead to the enrichment or depletion of EVs in specific nucleic acids, proteins or lipids. It is becoming increasingly clear that cancer-derived EVs act in a paracrine and systemic manner to promote cancer progression by transferring aggressive phenotypic traits and drug-resistant phenotypes to other cancer cells, modulating the anti-tumor immune response, as well as contributing to remodeling the tumor microenvironment and formation of pre-metastatic niches. These findings have raised the idea that cancer-derived EVs may serve as analytes in liquid biopsies for real-time monitoring of tumor burden and drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized recent longitudinal clinical studies describing promising EV-associated biomarkers for cancer progression and tracking cancer evolution as well as pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the relevance of EVs for monitoring the emergence or progression of drug resistance. Furthermore, we outlined the state-of-the-art in the development and commercialization of EV-based biomarkers and discussed the scientific and technological challenges that need to be met in order to translate EV research into clinically applicable tools for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artūrs Ābols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
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Verweij FJ, Hyenne V, Van Niel G, Goetz JG. Extracellular Vesicles: Catching the Light in Zebrafish. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:770-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Molecular Targets of Aspirin and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Their Potential Association with Circulating Extracellular Vesicles during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184370. [PMID: 31492014 PMCID: PMC6769718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncomplicated healthy pregnancy is the outcome of successful fertilization, implantation of embryos, trophoblast development and adequate placentation. Any deviation in these cascades of events may lead to complicated pregnancies such as preeclampsia (PE). The current incidence of PE is 2–8% in all pregnancies worldwide, leading to high maternal as well as perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. A number of randomized controlled clinical trials observed the association between low dose aspirin (LDA) treatment in early gestational age and significant reduction of early onset of PE in high-risk pregnant women. However, a substantial knowledge gap exists in identifying the particular mechanism of action of aspirin on placental function. It is already established that the placental-derived exosomes (PdE) are present in the maternal circulation from 6 weeks of gestation, and exosomes contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and RNA that are a “fingerprint” of their originating cells. Interestingly, levels of exosomes are higher in PE compared to normal pregnancies, and changes in the level of PdE during the first trimester may be used to classify women at risk for developing PE. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of action of LDA on placental and maternal physiological systems including the role of PdE in these phenomena. This review article will contribute to the in-depth understanding of LDA-induced PE prevention.
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195
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Kaminski VDL, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. Extracellular vesicles in host-pathogen interactions and immune regulation - exosomes as emerging actors in the immunological theater of pregnancy. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02355. [PMID: 31592031 PMCID: PMC6771614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review correlates and summarizes the role of the maternal-fetal interface in the immune tolerance of the fetus and the processes that lead to infection avoidance, emphasizing the participation of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in both situations. Exosomes are released into the extracellular medium by several cell types and are excellent carriers of biomolecules. Host-derived exosomes and the transport of pathogen-derived molecules by exosomes impact infections in different ways. The interactions of exosomes with the maternal immune system are pivotal to a favorable gestational outcome. In this review, we highlight the potential role of exosomes in the establishment of an adequate milieu that enables embryo implantation and discuss the participation of exosomes released at the maternal-fetal interface during the establishment of an immune-privileged compartment for fetal development. The placenta is a component where important strategies are used to minimize the risk of infection. To present a contrast, we also discuss possible mechanisms used by pathogens to cross the maternal-fetal interface. We review the processes, mechanisms, and potential consequences of dysregulation in all of the abovementioned phenomena. Basic information about exosomes and their roles in viral immune evasion is also presented. The interactions between extracellular vesicles and bacteria, fungi, parasites and proteinaceous infectious agents are addressed. The discovery of the placental microbiota and the implications of this new microbiota are also discussed, and current proposals that explain fetal/placental colonization by both pathogenic and commensal microbes are addressed. The comprehension of such interactions will help us to understand the immune dynamics of human pregnancy and the mechanisms of immune evasion used by different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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196
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Mahmoudian J, Ghods R, Nazari M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Ghahremani MH, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Ostad SN, Zarnani AH. PLAC1: biology and potential application in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1039-1058. [PMID: 31165204 PMCID: PMC11028298 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has revolutionized medical oncology with unprecedented advances in cancer treatment over the past two decades. However, a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy is identifying appropriate tumor-specific antigens to make targeted therapy achievable with fewer normal cells being impaired. The similarity between placentation and tumor development and growth has inspired many investigators to discover antigens for effective immunotherapy of cancers. Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is one of the recently discovered placental antigens with limited normal tissue expression and fundamental roles in placental function and development. There is a growing body of evidence showing that PLAC1 is frequently activated in a wide variety of cancer types and promotes cancer progression. Based on the restricted expression of PLAC1 in testis, placenta and a wide variety of cancers, we have designated this molecule with new terminology, cancer-testis-placenta (CTP) antigen, a feature that PLAC1 shares with many other cancer testis antigens. Recent reports from our lab provide compelling evidence on the preferential expression of PLAC1 in prostate cancer and its potential utility in prostate cancer immunotherapy. PLAC1 may be regarded as a potential CTP antigen for targeted cancer immunotherapy based on the available data on its promoting function in cancer development and also its expression in cancers of different histological origin. In this review, we will summarize current data on PLAC1 with emphasis on its association with cancer development and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mahmoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nafisi Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Monteiro LJ, Varas-Godoy M, Monckeberg M, Realini O, Hernández M, Rice G, Romero R, Saavedra JF, Illanes SE, Chaparro A. Oral extracellular vesicles in early pregnancy can identify patients at risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218616. [PMID: 31242249 PMCID: PMC6594608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To isolate and characterize oral extracellular vesicles from gingival crevicular fluid at 11–14 weeks and evaluate their capacity to identify patients at risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods A case-control study was conducted, including patients who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 11) and healthy pregnant controls (n = 23). Obstetric and periodontal histories were recorded at 11–14 weeks of gestation, and samples of gingival crevicular fluid obtained. Extracellular vesicles were isolated from gingival crevicular fluid by ExoQuick. Nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize extracellular vesicles. Results Total extracellular vesicles isolated from gingival crevicular fluid were significantly higher in patients who developed gestational diabetes mellitus later in pregnancy compared to normoglycemic pregnant women (6.3x109 vs 1.7 x1010, p value = 0.0026), and the concentration of the extracellular vesicles delivered an area under the ROC curve of 0.81. The distribution size of extracellular vesicles obtained using ExoQuick was around 148 ± 57 nm. There were no significant differences in the periodontal status between cases and controls. The exosome transmembrane protein CD63 was also detected in the extracellular vesicles of gingival crevicular fluid. Conclusion We were able to isolate extracellular vesicles from gingival crevicular fluid using a method that is suitable to be applied in a clinical setting. Our results provide an insight into the potential capacity of first trimester oral extracellular vesicles as early biomarkers for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in pre-symptomatic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Monteiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Max Monckeberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ornella Realini
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregory Rice
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AC); (SEI)
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AC); (SEI)
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Nguyen SL, Greenberg JW, Wang H, Collaer BW, Wang J, Petroff MG. Quantifying murine placental extracellular vesicles across gestation and in preterm birth data with tidyNano: A computational framework for analyzing and visualizing nanoparticle data in R. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218270. [PMID: 31211806 PMCID: PMC6581270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication that carry protein, lipids, and nucleic acids via the circulation to target cells whereupon they mediate physiological changes. In pregnancy, EVs are released in high quantities from the placenta and have been postulated to target multiple cell types, including those of the vascular and immune systems. However, most studies of pregnancy-associated EVs have used clinical samples and in vitro models; to date, few studies have taken advantage of murine models in which pregnancy can be precisely timed and manipulated. In this study, we used a murine model to determine whether the quantity of EVs is altered during healthy pregnancy and during inflammation-associated preterm birth. To facilitate data analysis, we developed a novel software package, tidyNano, an R package that provides functions to import, clean, and quickly summarize raw data generated by the nanoparticle tracking device, NanoSight (Malvern Panalytical). We also developed shinySIGHT, a Shiny web application that allows for interactive exploration and visualization of EV data. In mice, EV concentration in blood increased linearly across pregnancy, with significant rises at GD14.5 and 17.5 relative to EV concentrations in nonpregnant females. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide treatment resulted in a significant reduction in circulating EV concentrations relative to vehicle-treated controls at GD16.5 within 4 hours. Use of tidyNano facilitated rapid analysis of EV data; importantly, this package provides a straightforward framework by which diverse types of large datasets can be simply and efficiently analyzed, is freely available under the MIT license, and is hosted on GitHub (https://nguyens7.github.io/tidyNano/). Our data highlight the utility of the mouse as a model of EV biology in pregnancy, and suggest that placental dysfunction is associated with reduced circulating EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Nguyen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jacob W. Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W. Collaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margaret G. Petroff
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Konečná B, Tóthová Ľ, Repiská G. Exosomes-Associated DNA-New Marker in Pregnancy Complications? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122890. [PMID: 31200554 PMCID: PMC6627934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a large number of studies, the etiology of pregnancy complications remains unknown. The involvement of cell-free DNA or fetal cell-free DNA in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications is currently being hypothesized. Cell-free DNA occurs in different forms-free; part of neutrophil extracellular traps; or as recently discovered, carried by extracellular vesicles. Cell-free DNA is believed to activate an inflammatory pathway, which could possibly cause pregnancy complications. It could be hypothesized that DNA in its free form could be easily degraded by nucleases to prevent the inflammatory activation. However, recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of exosomes, potential protectors of cell-free DNA, in pregnancy complications. Most of the interest from recent years is directed towards the micro RNA carried by exosomes. However, exosome-associated DNA in relation to pregnancy complications has not been truly studied yet. DNA, as an important cargo of exosomes, has been so far studied mostly in cancer research. This review collects all the known information on the topic of not only exosome-associated DNA but also some information on vesicles-associated DNA and the studies regarding the role of exosomes in pregnancy complications from recent years. It also suggests possible analysis of exosome-associated DNA in pregnancy from plasma and emphasizes the importance of such analysis for future investigations of pregnancy complications. A major obstacle to the advancement in this field is the proper uniformed technique for exosomes isolation. Similarly, the sensitivity of methods analyzing a small fraction of DNA, potentially fetal DNA, carried by exosomes is variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81108, Slovakia.
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81108, Slovakia.
| | - Gabriela Repiská
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia.
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Herrera-Van Oostdam AS, Salgado-Bustamante M, López JA, Herrera-Van Oostdam DA, López-Hernández Y. Placental exosomes viewed from an 'omics' perspective: implications for gestational diabetes biomarkers identification. Biomark Med 2019; 13:675-684. [PMID: 31157549 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are defined as extracellular vesicles that are released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment - the multivesicular body - with the plasma membrane. Recently, placenta-derived exosomes have gained special attention, since they play a crucial role in the communication between the mother and fetus. It is known that the concentration of placenta-derived exosomes in the maternal bloodstream is higher in patients with preeclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus. However, their composition in terms of the content of proteins, nucleic acids or lipids is uncertain. In this work, we reviewed the recent advances in placental exosomes characterization through omics-based methods, and their potential to predict gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Herrera-Van Oostdam
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Mariana Salgado-Bustamante
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- MicroRNAs Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, PC 98610, Mexico
| | - David A Herrera-Van Oostdam
- Department of Rheumatology & Pathology, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto,' Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, PC 78210, Mexico
| | - Yamilé López-Hernández
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Zacatecas, PC 98610, Mexico
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