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Jørgensen JS, Ametova E, Burca G, Fardell G, Papoutsellis E, Pasca E, Thielemans K, Turner M, Warr R, Lionheart WRB, Withers PJ. Core Imaging Library - Part I: a versatile Python framework for tomographic imaging. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200192. [PMID: 34218673 PMCID: PMC8255949 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the Core Imaging Library (CIL), an open-source Python framework for tomographic imaging with particular emphasis on reconstruction of challenging datasets. Conventional filtered back-projection reconstruction tends to be insufficient for highly noisy, incomplete, non-standard or multi-channel data arising for example in dynamic, spectral and in situ tomography. CIL provides an extensive modular optimization framework for prototyping reconstruction methods including sparsity and total variation regularization, as well as tools for loading, preprocessing and visualizing tomographic data. The capabilities of CIL are demonstrated on a synchrotron example dataset and three challenging cases spanning golden-ratio neutron tomography, cone-beam X-ray laminography and positron emission tomography. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Jørgensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E. Ametova
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G. Burca
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G. Fardell
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - E. Papoutsellis
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E. Pasca
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - K. Thielemans
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Turner
- Research IT Services, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R. Warr
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - P. J. Withers
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jørgensen JS, Ametova E, Burca G, Fardell G, Papoutsellis E, Pasca E, Thielemans K, Turner M, Warr R, Lionheart WRB, Withers PJ. Core Imaging Library - Part I: a versatile Python framework for tomographic imaging. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [PMID: 34218673 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4744394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the Core Imaging Library (CIL), an open-source Python framework for tomographic imaging with particular emphasis on reconstruction of challenging datasets. Conventional filtered back-projection reconstruction tends to be insufficient for highly noisy, incomplete, non-standard or multi-channel data arising for example in dynamic, spectral and in situ tomography. CIL provides an extensive modular optimization framework for prototyping reconstruction methods including sparsity and total variation regularization, as well as tools for loading, preprocessing and visualizing tomographic data. The capabilities of CIL are demonstrated on a synchrotron example dataset and three challenging cases spanning golden-ratio neutron tomography, cone-beam X-ray laminography and positron emission tomography. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Ametova
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Burca
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Fardell
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - E Papoutsellis
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Pasca
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC, UKRI, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - K Thielemans
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Turner
- Research IT Services, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Warr
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W R B Lionheart
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P J Withers
- Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lamont RF, Richardson LS, Boniface JJ, Cobo T, Exner MM, Christensen IB, Forslund SK, Gaba A, Helmer H, Jørgensen JS, Khan RN, McElrath TF, Petro K, Rasmussen M, Singh R, Tribe RM, Vink JS, Vinter CA, Zhong N, Menon R. Commentary on a combined approach to the problem of developing biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm labor that leads to preterm birth. Placenta 2020; 98:13-23. [PMID: 33039027 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, preterm birth has replaced congenital malformation as the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The reduced rate of congenital malformation was not achieved through a single biophysical or biochemical marker at a specific gestational age, but rather through a combination of clinical, biophysical and biochemical markers at different gestational ages. Since the aetiology of spontaneous preterm birth is also multifactorial, it is unlikely that a single biomarker test, at a specific gestational age will emerge as the definitive predictive test. METHODS The Biomarkers Group of PREBIC, comprising clinicians, basic scientists and other experts in the field, with a particular interest in preterm birth have produced this commentary with short, medium and long-term aims: i) to alert clinicians to the advances that are being made in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth; ii) to encourage clinicians and scientists to continue their efforts in this field, and not to be disheartened or nihilistic because of a perceived lack of progress and iii) to enable development of novel interventions that can reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. RESULTS Using language that we hope is clear to practising clinicians, we have identified 11 Sections in which there exists the potential, feasibility and capability of technologies for candidate biomarkers in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and how current limitations to this research might be circumvented. DISCUSSION The combination of biophysical, biochemical, immunological, microbiological, fetal cell, exosomal, or cell free RNA at different gestational ages, integrated as part of a multivariable predictor model may be necessary to advance our attempts to predict sPTL and PTB. This will require systems biological data using "omics" data and artificial intelligence/machine learning to manage the data appropriately. The ultimate goal is to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Lamont
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Division of Surgery, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Campus, University College London, London, UK.
| | - L S Richardson
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J J Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., 2749 East Parleys Way, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - T Cobo
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obstetrícia I Neonatología, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Exner
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - S K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Gaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - H Helmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - J S Jørgensen
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technologies (CIMT), Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 8, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital/University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9 a, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - R N Khan
- Division of Medical Science and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Room 4115, Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | | | - K Petro
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - M Rasmussen
- MIRVIE Inc., 820 Dubuque Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Singh
- ARCEDI Biotech ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R M Tribe
- Dept. of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J S Vink
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C A Vinter
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 105 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - R Menon
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Di Renzo GC, Cabero Roura L, Facchinetti F, Helmer H, Hubinont C, Jacobsson B, Jørgensen JS, Lamont RF, Mikhailov A, Papantoniou N, Radzinsky V, Shennan A, Ville Y, Wielgos M, Visser GHA. Preterm Labor and Birth Management: Recommendations from the European Association of Perinatal Medicine. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 30:2011-2030. [PMID: 28482713 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1323860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G C Di Renzo
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - L Cabero Roura
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hospital Vall D'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - F Facchinetti
- c Mother-Infant Department, School of Midwifery , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - H Helmer
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , General Hospital, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - C Hubinont
- e Department of Obstetrics , Saint Luc University Hospital, Université de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - B Jacobsson
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - J S Jørgensen
- g Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - R F Lamont
- h Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark.,i Division of Surgery , University College London, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research Campus , London , UK
| | - A Mikhailov
- j Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1st Maternity Hospital, State University of St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - N Papantoniou
- k Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Athens University School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - V Radzinsky
- l Department of Medicine , Peoples' Friendship University of Russia , Moscow , Russia
| | - A Shennan
- m St. Thomas Hospital, Kings College London , UK
| | - Y Ville
- n Service d'Obstétrique et de Médecine Foetale , Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades , Paris , France
| | - M Wielgos
- p Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - G H A Visser
- o Department of Obstetrics , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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Schrøder K, Lamont RF, Jørgensen JS, Hvidt NC. Second victims need emotional support after adverse events: even in a just safety culture. BJOG 2018; 126:440-442. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Schrøder
- Research Unit of General Practice Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - RF Lamont
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Division of Surgery Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Campus University College London London UK
| | - JS Jørgensen
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics Odense University Hospital Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - NC Hvidt
- Research Unit of General Practice Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research Odense University Hospital Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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Birukov A, Jørgensen JS, Andersen LB, Herse F, Kitlen G, Golic M, Haase N, Kräker K, Kyhl HB, Müller DN, Andersen MS, Dechend R, Jensen BL. Aldosterone as independent predictor of placental and birth weights: Odense child cohort Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Birukov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - JS Jørgensen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense, Dänemark
| | - LB Andersen
- Herlev Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen, Dänemark
| | - F Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - G Kitlen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Dänemark
| | - M Golic
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - N Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - HB Kyhl
- Odense University Hospital, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Dänemark
| | - DN Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - MS Andersen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Odense, Dänemark
| | - R Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück-Center für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - BL Jensen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Dänemark
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Ramos T, Jørgensen JS, Andreasen JW. Automated angular and translational tomographic alignment and application to phase-contrast imaging. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2017; 34:1830-1843. [PMID: 29036054 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computerized tomography (CT) is a 3D imaging technique that makes use of x-ray illumination and image reconstruction techniques to reproduce the internal cross-sections of a sample. Tomographic projection data usually require an initial relative alignment or knowledge of the exact object position and orientation with respect to the detector. As tomographic imaging reaches increasingly better resolution, thermal drifts, mechanical instabilities, and equipment limitations are becoming the main dominant factors contributing to sample positioning uncertainties that will further introduce reconstruction artifacts and limit the attained resolution in the final tomographic reconstruction. Alignment algorithms that require manual interaction impede data analysis with ever-increasing data acquisition rates, supplied by more brilliant sources. We present in this paper an iterative reconstruction algorithm for wrapped phase projection data and an alignment algorithm that automatically takes 5 degrees of freedom, including the possible linear and angular motion errors, into consideration. The presented concepts are applied to simulated and real measured phase-contrast data, exhibiting a possible improvement in the reconstruction resolution. A MATLAB implementation is made publicly available and will allow robust analysis of large volumes of phase-contrast tomography data.
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Andersen LB, Jørgensen JS, Herse F, Andersen MS, Christesen HT, Dechend R. The association between angiogenic markers and fetal sex: Implications for preeclampsia research. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 117:24-9. [PMID: 27359072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current research suggests sexual dimorphism between the male and female fetoplacental units, but with unknown relevance for preeclampsia. We investigated the association between fetal sex and concentrations of the angiogenic markers soluble Fms-like kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in first and second-third trimester in women with/without preeclampsia, and the impact of fetal sex on the prognostic value of angiogenic markers for preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Observational study in a prospective, population-based cohort of 2110 singleton pregnancies with 150 preeclampsia cases. RESULTS Higher sFlt-1 concentrations were observed for women carrying female fetuses in first trimester (all, 1107.65 vs. 992.27pg/ml; preeclampsia cases, 1118.79 vs. 934.49pg/ml, p<0.05) and in second-third trimester (all, 1130.03 vs. 1043.15pg/ml; preeclampsia, 1480.30 vs. 1152.86pg/ml, p<0.05), with similar findings for the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio concentrations in first (29.67 vs. 27.39 p<0.05) and second-third trimester (3.56 vs. 3.22, p<0.05). In first trimester, log transformed concentrations of PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF (all participants) and sFlt-1 (preeclampsia cases) associated with fetal sex in adjusted analyses (p<0.05). In second-third trimester, only log(sFlt-1) associated with fetal sex (all, p=0.028; preeclampsia, p=0.067) In receiver operating curve analysis, prediction of early-onset preeclampsia by sFlt-1/PlGF tended to be superior in pregnancies with female vs. male fetuses (p=0.06). CONCLUSION Sexual dimorphism was observed for concentrations of angiogenic markers. Female fetal sex was associated to higher sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio concentrations in both healthy pregnancies and women developing preeclampsia. Fetal sex should be considered in research and clinical use of angiogenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Andersen
- HCA Research, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - J S Jørgensen
- Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - F Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrueck Center and Charité Berlin and HELIOS Clinic Berlin-Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - M S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - H T Christesen
- HCA Research, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - R Dechend
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrueck Center and Charité Berlin and HELIOS Clinic Berlin-Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Jørgensen JS, Sidky EY. How little data is enough? Phase-diagram analysis of sparsity-regularized X-ray computed tomography. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0387. [PMID: 25939620 PMCID: PMC4424483 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce phase-diagram analysis, a standard tool in compressed sensing (CS), to the X-ray computed tomography (CT) community as a systematic method for determining how few projections suffice for accurate sparsity-regularized reconstruction. In CS, a phase diagram is a convenient way to study and express certain theoretical relations between sparsity and sufficient sampling. We adapt phase-diagram analysis for empirical use in X-ray CT for which the same theoretical results do not hold. We demonstrate in three case studies the potential of phase-diagram analysis for providing quantitative answers to questions of undersampling. First, we demonstrate that there are cases where X-ray CT empirically performs comparably with a near-optimal CS strategy, namely taking measurements with Gaussian sensing matrices. Second, we show that, in contrast to what might have been anticipated, taking randomized CT measurements does not lead to improved performance compared with standard structured sampling patterns. Finally, we show preliminary results of how well phase-diagram analysis can predict the sufficient number of projections for accurately reconstructing a large-scale image of a given sparsity by means of total-variation regularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - E Y Sidky
- Department of Radiology MC-2026, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Vinter CA, Jørgensen JS, Ovesen P, Beck-Nielsen H, Skytthe A, Jensen DM. Metabolic effects of lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women. Results from the randomized controlled trial 'Lifestyle in Pregnancy' (LiP). Diabet Med 2014; 31:1323-30. [PMID: 24989831 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Lifestyle in Pregnancy intervention in obese pregnant women resulted in significantly lower gestational weight gain compared with the control group, but without improvement in rates of clinical pregnancy complications. The impact of the lifestyle intervention on metabolic measurements in the study participants is now reported. METHODS The Lifestyle in Pregnancy study was a randomized controlled trial among 360 obese women (BMI 30-45 kg/m²) who were allocated in early pregnancy to lifestyle interventions with diet counselling and physical activities or to the control group. Fasting blood samples, including plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile and capillary blood glucose during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test were carried out three times throughout pregnancy. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. RESULTS Three hundred and four women (84%) were followed until delivery. Women in the intervention group had a significantly lower change in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) from randomization to 28-30 weeks' gestation compared with control subjects (mean ± SD: 0.7 ± 1.3 vs. 1.0 ± 1.3, P = 0.02). Despite a significantly lower gestational weight gain in the intervention group, there was no difference between the groups with respect to total cholesterol, HDL, LDL or triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women resulted in attenuation of the physiologic pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. Despite restricted gestational weight gain, there were no changes in glucose or lipid metabolism between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Vinter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense
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Affiliation(s)
- JS Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - LK Kjaer Weile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - RF Lamont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
- Division of Surgery; University College London; Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research Campus; London UK
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Broe A, Pottegård A, Lamont RF, Jørgensen JS, Damkier P. Increasing use of antibiotics in pregnancy during the period 2000-2010: prevalence, timing, category, and demographics. BJOG 2014; 121:988-96. [PMID: 24754708 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the use of antibiotics in a national population-based cohort of pregnant Danish women between 2000 and 2010. DESIGN Register-based, population-wide, cohort study. SETTING Denmark, from 2000 to 2010. POPULATION All pregnancies among Danish residents during the period 2000-2010 were included for analysis. METHODS Data were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry, and the Registry of Medicinal Product Statistics. The filled prescriptions for systemic antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiviral drugs, as well as intravaginally applied antibiotics, were analysed. Associations with demographic variables were assessed using multivariate analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Filled prescriptions for antibiotic drugs during pregnancy. RESULTS We included 987 973 pregnancies in Denmark from 2000 to 2010; 38.9% of women with a delivery and 14.8% of women with a miscarriage or termination of pregnancy had one or more antibiotic treatments during pregnancy. Systemic antibacterial drugs were the most frequently used drug group, with filled prescriptions for 33.4% of all deliveries and 12.6% of all abortions. This proportion increased from 28.4% in 2000 to 37.0% in 2010 among deliveries. The biggest change was seen for pivmecillinam, which increased among deliveries from 6.3% in 2000 to 19.5% in 2010. Obese (odds ratio 1.51; 95% CI 1.47-1.56), young (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.30-1.39), and low-educated women (odds ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.35-1.1.39) tended to fill more prescriptions of antibiotics during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the number of women who filled prescriptions of antibiotics increased during the 11-year study period. In 2010, at least 41.5% of all deliveries were exposed to antibiotic therapy during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broe
- Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Andersen LB, Abrahamsen B, Dalgård C, Kyhl HB, Beck-Nielsen SS, Frost-Nielsen M, Jørgensen JS, Barington T, Christesen HT. Parity and tanned white skin as novel predictors of vitamin D status in early pregnancy: a population-based cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:333-41. [PMID: 23305099 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In pregnancy, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nM, and <25 nM, respectively, may have adverse effects for both mother and child. Prevalence estimates, and identification of subgroups at special risk, may be useful for the planning of preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and risk factors of hypovitaminosis D in early pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 1348 women in early pregnancy from the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark, 25(OH)D was determined and correlated to demographic and lifestyle variables (age, nationality, skin tone, parity, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking and sun exposure), using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses for all year, or stratified for summer and winter. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals in brackets. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was estimated to 27·8% and 3·5% respectively. In adjusted analyses, vitamin D insufficiency was directly associated with winter season, OR = 1·89 (1·35-2·63); increasing prepregnancy BMI, OR = 1·06 (1·03-1·10); and smoking, OR = 2·7 (1·34-5·41); but was less frequent in nulliparous, OR = 0·47 (0·33-0·68) and tanned Caucasians, OR = 0·63 (0·41-0·97). Season-specific associations having parental origin from outside Europe in summer, OR = 4·13 (1·41-12·13); in winter smoking, OR = 3·15 (1·19-8·36); and prepregnancy BMI, OR = 1·12 (1·06-1·18). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D insufficiency was widespread in early pregnancy. Associations to smoking, prepregnancy BMI and origin outside Europe varied with season. Multiparity and not being tanned in Caucasians represent new risk factors of vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Andersen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Glavind J, Kindberg SF, Uldbjerg N, Khalil M, Møller AM, Mortensen BB, Rasmussen OB, Christensen JT, Jørgensen JS, Henriksen TB. Elective caesarean section at 38 weeks versus 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2013; 120:1123-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Glavind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N; Denmark
| | - SF Kindberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N; Denmark
| | - N Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N; Denmark
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Kolding Hospital; Kolding; Denmark
| | - AM Møller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg; Denmark
| | - BB Mortensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Regional Hospital of Viborg; Viborg; Denmark
| | - OB Rasmussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Regional Hospital of Randers; Randers; Denmark
| | - JT Christensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Regional Hospital of Herning; Herning; Denmark
| | - JS Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - TB Henriksen
- Department of Paediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N; Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- JS Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - N Hyldig
- Department of Plastic Surgery; University of Southern Denmark; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - T Weber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Copenhagen; Hvidovre Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
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Svenningsen P, Friis UG, Versland JB, Buhl KB, Møller Frederiksen B, Andersen H, Zachar RM, Bistrup C, Skøtt O, Jørgensen JS, Andersen RF, Jensen BL. Mechanisms of renal NaCl retention in proteinuric disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:536-45. [PMID: 23216619 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In diseases with proteinuria, for example nephrotic syndrome and pre-eclampsia, there often are suppression of plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components, expansion of extracellular volume and avid renal sodium retention. Mechanisms of sodium retention in proteinuria are reviewed. In animal models of nephrotic syndrome, the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel ENaC is activated while more proximal renal Na(+) transporters are down-regulated. With suppressed plasma aldosterone concentration and little change in ENaC abundance in nephrotic syndrome, the alternative modality of proteolytic activation of ENaC has been explored. Proteolysis leads to putative release of an inhibitory peptide from the extracellular domain of the γ ENaC subunit. This leads to full activation of the channel. Plasminogen has been demonstrated in urine from patients with nephrotic syndrome and pre-eclampsia. Urine plasminogen correlates with urine albumin and is activated to plasmin within the urinary space by urokinase-type plasminogen activator. This agrees with aberrant filtration across an injured glomerular barrier independent of the primary disease. Pure plasmin and urine samples containing plasmin activate inward current in single murine collecting duct cells. In this study, it is shown that human lymphocytes may be used to uncover the effect of urine plasmin on amiloride- and aprotinin-sensitive inward currents. Data from hypertensive rat models show that protease inhibitors may attenuate blood pressure. Aberrant filtration of plasminogen and conversion within the urinary space to plasmin may activate γ ENaC proteolytically and contribute to inappropriate NaCl retention and oedema in acute proteinuric conditions and to hypertension in diseases with chronic microalbuminuria/proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Svenningsen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - U. G. Friis
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - J. B. Versland
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - K. B. Buhl
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - B. Møller Frederiksen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - H. Andersen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - R. M. Zachar
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - C. Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - O. Skøtt
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - J. S. Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - R. F. Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby; Aarhus; Denmark
| | - B. L. Jensen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
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Carter AM, Stiller R, König V, Jørgensen JS, Svendsen P, Huch R. Calibration of a reflectance pulse oximeter in fetal lambs for arterial oxygen saturations below 70%. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1998; 5:255-9. [PMID: 9773401 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-5576(98)00024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To calibrate a reflectance pulse oximeter developed at the Division of Perinatal Physiology, University Hospital of Zurich, for monitoring of oxygen saturations below 70%. METHODS Oxygen saturation measured noninvasively with the reflectance pulse oximeter in fetal sheep was compared with oxygen saturation of arterial blood samples measured by a conventional two-wavelength oximeter. Oxygen saturation was varied by stepwise reduction of the inspired oxygen concentration of the ewe. RESULTS A total of 58 data pairs was obtained from five fetuses, with a range of 10.9-73.5% for the reference method and 6.8-69.2% for the pulse oximetry oxygen saturation values. There was good correlation between the results obtained by the two methods (r2 = .89, P < .0001), with a 95% confidence interval of +/- 12.5%. The pulse oximeter showed a precision of 6.2% oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION The Zurich reflectance pulse oximeter offers valid measurements of oxygen saturation levels down to 10% oxygen saturation, and is therefore suitable for monitoring the fetus during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carter
- Department of Physiology, University of Odense, Denmark
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Jørgensen JS, Pedersen JB, Pedersen SM. Use of neural networks to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. I. Methodology. Clin Chem 1996; 42:604-12. [PMID: 8605679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated several aspects of using neural networks as a diagnostic tool: the design of an optimal network, the amount of patients' data needed to train the network, the question of training the network optimally while avoiding overfitting, and the influence of redundant variables. The specific clinical problem chosen for illustration was the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, given only the electrocardiogram and the concentration of potassium in serum at the time of admission. We found that, in contrast to usual practice, the termination of the training process should be based on the generalization performance and not on the training performance. We also found that a principal component analysis can be used to eliminate redundant variables, thereby reducing the data space. The diagnostic performance of the neural network we used was 78%--superior to that of linear discriminant function analysis but similar to that of quadratic discriminant function analysis.
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Pedersen SM, Jørgensen JS, Pedersen JB. Use of neural networks to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. II. A clinical application. Clin Chem 1996; 42:613-7. [PMID: 8605680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of neural networks to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from laboratory data only. Several networks were trained with different combinations of data obtained at admission and within the first 12 h and 24 h after admission. The data used included the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the concentrations in serum of potassium, creatine kinase B-subunit (CKB), and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 for 250 patients with suspected AMI. Based on admission data, the correct diagnosis was predicted for 76% of the patients in the test group from the ECG data only, and the best combination of ECG results with other variables yielded correct diagnoses for 85% of the test group. Using all of the data available within 24 h, the network predicted the correct diagnosis for 99% of the test data. Almost the same high predictability was obtained by using only two CKB values-recorded at admission and within 12 h after admission-or by using just the latter one. Neural networks and quadratic discriminant analysis performed similarly, but the neural networks were more robust for combinations with many laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pedersen
- Klinisk Kemisk Afdeling, Svendborg Sygehus, Denmark
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Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the ability of neural networks to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from laboratory data only. Several networks were trained with different combinations of data obtained at admission and within the first 12 h and 24 h after admission. The data used included the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the concentrations in serum of potassium, creatine kinase B-subunit (CKB), and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 for 250 patients with suspected AMI. Based on admission data, the correct diagnosis was predicted for 76% of the patients in the test group from the ECG data only, and the best combination of ECG results with other variables yielded correct diagnoses for 85% of the test group. Using all of the data available within 24 h, the network predicted the correct diagnosis for 99% of the test data. Almost the same high predictability was obtained by using only two CKB values-recorded at admission and within 12 h after admission-or by using just the latter one. Neural networks and quadratic discriminant analysis performed similarly, but the neural networks were more robust for combinations with many laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pedersen
- Klinisk Kemisk Afdeling, Svendborg Sygehus, Denmark
| | | | - J B Pedersen
- Klinisk Kemisk Afdeling, Svendborg Sygehus, Denmark
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Abstract
Abstract
We investigated several aspects of using neural networks as a diagnostic tool: the design of an optimal network, the amount of patients' data needed to train the network, the question of training the network optimally while avoiding overfitting, and the influence of redundant variables. The specific clinical problem chosen for illustration was the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, given only the electrocardiogram and the concentration of potassium in serum at the time of admission. We found that, in contrast to usual practice, the termination of the training process should be based on the generalization performance and not on the training performance. We also found that a principal component analysis can be used to eliminate redundant variables, thereby reducing the data space. The diagnostic performance of the neural network we used was 78%--superior to that of linear discriminant function analysis but similar to that of quadratic discriminant function analysis.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility and reliability in neonates of an in-house reflectance pulse oximetry (RPOX) system as an alternative method of non-invasive oxygen saturation monitoring when transmission pulse oximetry (TPOX) cannot be used, as in fetal scalp oxygen saturation monitoring during delivery. STUDY DESIGN The study population consisted of 31 intensive care neonates. The RPOX sensor was attached by suction to the forehead, cheek, occiput and back; recordings were under simultaneous TPOX control. RESULTS There was close agreement between RPOX and TPOX oxygen saturation and heart rate values, even in periodic breathing. RPOX signals from the back were unreliable because of breathing artifacts. Differences in mean absolute RPOX and TPOX oxygen saturation values were due to different calibrations. Both systems were equally sensitive to motion artifacts. CONCLUSION As a feasible and reliable method of non-invasive oxygen saturation monitoring in neonates, RPOX has potential applications in fetal scalp monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Faisst
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
During initial clinical tests to calibrate our reflectance pulse oximetry system, we observed serious physiologic limitations to the use of pulse oximetry in the forehead region. We present a case of simultaneous reflectance and transmission mode pulse oximetry monitoring in a child undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital cyanotic heart disease with a large intracardiac shunt. During general anesthesia, when the patient was endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated, the transmission mode saturation agreed well with arterial oxygen saturation measurements; but, our reflectance pulse oximeter, with the sensor applied to the forehead, displayed spuriously lower (-18%) oxygen saturations. Before and after anesthesia and surgery, there was fine agreement between reflectance and transmission mode saturation values. We suggest that the difference was caused by vasodilatation and pooling of venous blood due to compromised venous return to the heart, and a combination of arterial and venous pulsations in the forehead region. This means that the reflectance pulse oximeter measured a mixed arterial-venous oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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Rudnicki M, Jørgensen JS. Lack of relationship between actual ionized calcium and pH in umbilical cord blood. Clin Chem 1995; 41:763-4. [PMID: 7729061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Jensen LM, Jørgensen JS, Lidegaard O, Brinsden PR, Weber T. Spontaneous abortion of one twin with Down's syndrome followed by delivery of the second twin 14 weeks later; a case report. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 42:159-61. [PMID: 1837278 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90177-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
This paper reports on two patients with bilateral, spontaneous choroidal and retinal detachment. One patient had scleritis, while in the other no underlying eye disease was found. No signs of orbital venous congestion were detected. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully known, the findings of (1) dilated episcleral veins and (2) elevated episcleral venous pressure suggest an obstruction of venous outflow from the uveal tract. The authors believe that these two findings may have been caused by shunting of venous blood anteriorly from the uveal tract into the episcleral veins due to partial obstruction of the vortex veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Rigshospitalet, Kopenhagen
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Abstract
A number of cases of necrotic sclerokeratitis following eye surgery have been reported in recently published literature. The condition was presumably triggered by surgical inflammation and caused by localized occlusive vasculitis: in one case deposits of immune complexes in vessel walls were demonstrated. The authors report on three cases of necrotic sclerokeratitis which developed five to 16 months after uncomplicated cataract extraction. Clinical examination showed disappearance of vessels in affected sclera, together with tissue necrosis. None of the patients had any systemic immune disease and no immune complexes were found in biopsy material obtained from two eyes (of which one was enucleated and the other two healed under steroid treatment). In all three affected eyes cataract extraction was performed via a corneoscleral incision. In two of the three cases communicated here cataract extraction was performed in the fellow eye without any postoperative complications. Since postsurgical sclerokeratitis is presumably triggered by vascula inflammation, clear corneal incisions may be preferable to corneoscleral incisions in cases where immune reactions are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gregersen
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Rigshospitalet Kopenhagen, Dänemark
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Abstract
Between 1983 and 1987 the authors studied 64 patients with dilated episcleral vessels and open-angle glaucoma. Elevated episcleral venous pressure was found to be the cause of the increased intraocular pressure. Clinically, the cause of elevation of venous pressure included spontaneous carotid cavernous fistulas, Sturge-Weber syndrome, orbital tumors, endocrine exophthalmos, anterior scleritis and idiopathic cases. A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms causing elevated episcleral venous pressure were found. The clinical course and complications associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Rigshospitalet, Kopenhagen
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Jørgensen JS, Guthoff R. Ophthalmoscopic findings in spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula: an analysis of 20 patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988; 226:34-6. [PMID: 3277894 DOI: 10.1007/bf02172714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological influence of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) on retinal/orbital circulation is discussed. Of 20 patients, 1 case of papilloedema, 4 of choroidal detachment (CD), 2 of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) and 3 cases of central venous thrombosis (CVT) were seen, associations that on rarely reported in the literature. An elevation in the episcleral venous pressure was measured that was more than twice the normal, which explains the ophthalmoscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jørgensen
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
The present report describes clinical findings in 13 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, 11 of whom had glaucoma (22-52 mm Hg). The episcleral venous pressure (EVP) was high in all glaucomatous eyes (14-23 mm Hg). Tonography showed a marked decrease in outflow facility. The observations suggest that glaucoma in Sturge-Weber syndrome is caused by a) elevated episcleral venous pressure and b) secondary damage of the trabecular meshwork with reduction of outflow facility. The cause and pathogenesis of these lesions are discussed. In nine patients a diffuse angiomatosis involving most of the choroid (1.5-4.0 mm thick), as well as the episcleral perilimbal plexus, was demonstrated by ultrasonography.
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Abstract
A rare case of episcleral and orbital varix in a 16-year-old female is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan and ultrasonography, and showed during Valsalva's maneuver a typical expansion of the orbital tumor. CT scan showed the tumor to be composed of a plexus of dilated vessels. During Valsalva's maneuver a 10 mm Hg rise in the venous pressure in the episcleral varix was noted, which suggests a direct communication between the episcleral and the orbital varices.
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Abstract
Between 1983 and 1986 the authors studied 5 patients with idiopathically dilated episcleral vessels. All of them had unilateral open-angle glaucoma (25-38 mm Hg) and elevated episcleral venous pressure (22-38 mm Hg). Orbital venography showed normal venous outflow. It is presumed that the etiological mechanism was a localized venous obstruction in the region of the extraocular muscles.
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