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Wahyudi LD, Jeong J, Yang H, Kim JH. Amentoflavone-induced oxidative stress activates NF-E2-related factor 2 via the p38 MAP kinase-AKT pathway in human keratinocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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152
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Onyiah JC, Schaefer REM, Colgan SP. A Central Role for Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Control of Intestinal Epithelial Chemokine Expression. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:228-238. [PMID: 29791903 DOI: 10.1159/000488914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mucosal inflammatory disorders, the protective influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolic byproducts, carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin, is a topic of significant interest. Mechanisms under investigation include the regulation of macrophage function and mucosal cytokine expression. While there is an increasing recognition of the importance of epithelial-derived factors in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, the contribution of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) HO-1 on inflammatory responses has not previously been investigated. We examined the influence of modulating HO-1 expression on the inflammatory response of human IECs. Engineered deficiency of HO-1 in Caco-2 and T84 IECs led to increased proinflammatory chemokine expression in response to pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Crosstalk with activated leukocytes also led to increased chemokine expression in HO-1-deficient cells in an IL-1β dependent manner. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with a pharmacological inducer of HO-1 led to the inhibition of chemokine expression. Mechanistic studies suggest that HO-1 and HO-1-related transcription factors, but not HO-1 metabolic products, are partly responsible for the influence of HO-1 on chemokine expression. In conclusion, our data identify HO-1 as a central regulator of IEC chemokine expression that may contribute to homeo-stasis in the intestinal mucosa.
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153
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Rodrigues NR, Macedo GE, Martins IK, Gomes KK, de Carvalho NR, Posser T, Franco JL. Short-term sleep deprivation with exposure to nocturnal light alters mitochondrial bioenergetics in Drosophila. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:395-406. [PMID: 29655867 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the effects of sleep deprivation in several aspects of health and disease. However, little is known about how mitochondrial bioenergetics function is affected under this condition. To clarify this, we developed a simple model of short-term sleep deprivation, in which fruit-flies were submitted to a nocturnal light condition and then mitochondrial parameters were assessed by high resolution respirometry (HRR). Exposure of flies to constant light was able to alter sleep patterns, causing locomotor deficits, increasing ROS production and lipid peroxidation, affecting mitochondrial activity, antioxidant defense enzymes and caspase activity. HRR analysis showed that sleep deprivation affected mitochondrial bioenergetics capacity, decreasing respiration at oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transport system (ETS). In addition, the expression of genes involved in the response to oxidative stress and apoptosis were increased. Thus, our results suggest a connection between sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, pointing to mitochondria as a possible target of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Nélson Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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154
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Matthews JH, Liang X, Paul VJ, Luesch H. A Complementary Chemical and Genomic Screening Approach for Druggable Targets in the Nrf2 Pathway and Small Molecule Inhibitors to Overcome Cancer Cell Drug Resistance. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1189-1199. [PMID: 29565554 PMCID: PMC7325485 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the treatment of a wide array of different types of cancer. Chemotherapeutic drug resistance is achieved by cancer cells by a variety of different mechanisms, which can be either compound specific or general. An emerging mechanism for nonspecific chemotherapeutic drug resistance relies on hyperactivity of the transcription factor Nrf2. Normally Nrf2 levels are tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system; however, mutations in genes responsible for this regulation are common in many cancer types, resulting in increased expression of Nrf2, activation of its downstream target genes, and resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. For this reason, there has been considerable interest in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Nrf2 capable of attenuating this resistance mechanism. To this end, we have screened two commercially available libraries of known biologically active small molecules to identify potential Nrf2 inhibitors. To increase the breadth of this screen we have also screened an RNAi library that targets the majority of the druggable genome to also identify Nrf2-inhibitor targets that are not currently targeted by small molecules. To complement the commercial chemical and genomic library screening, we screened a small collection of proprietary natural products isolated from marine cyanobacteria, which included actin targeting and uncharacterized but biologically active compounds. Through these efforts, we have identified three classes of compounds: cardiac glycosides, Stat3 inhibitors, and actin disrupting agents as Nrf2 inhibitors that are able to attenuate Nrf2 activity and synergize with chemotherapeutic agents in the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line A549. In addition, we found that grassypeptolide A exerts Nrf2 modulatory activity via a thus far uncharacterized mechanism. Moreover, we have identified a set of putative Nrf2 targets comprising the transcription factors TWIST1 and ELF4, the protein kinase NEK8, the TAK1 kinase regulator TAB1, and the dual specific phosphatase DUSP4. This study broadens the range of mechanisms through which inhibition of Nrf2 activity can be achieved, which will facilitate the characterization of novel Nrf2 inhibitors and allow the design of target specific screening procedures with which to identify more.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Matthews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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155
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6'- O-Galloylpaeoniflorin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8678267. [PMID: 29765506 PMCID: PMC5889897 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8678267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF), a galloylated derivative of paeoniflorin isolated from peony root, has been proven to possess antioxidant potential. In this present study, we revealed that GPF treatment exerted significant neuroprotection of PC12 cells following OGD, as evidenced by a reduction of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular injury, and apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with GPF increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as well as promoted Nrf2 translocation in PC12 cells, which could be inhibited by Ly294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In addition, Nrf2 knockdown or Ly294002 treatment significantly attenuated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities of GPF in vitro. In vivo studies indicated that GPF treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in rats subjected to CIRI, as well as decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which could be inhibited by administration of Ly294002. In conclusion, these results revealed that GPF possesses neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion insult via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
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156
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Mascuch SJ, Boudreau PD, Carland TM, Pierce NT, Olson J, Hensler ME, Choi H, Campanale J, Hamdoun A, Nizet V, Gerwick WH, Gaasterland T, Gerwick L. Marine Natural Product Honaucin A Attenuates Inflammation by Activating the Nrf2-ARE Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:506-514. [PMID: 29215273 PMCID: PMC6553616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial marine natural product honaucin A inhibits mammalian innate inflammation in vitro and in vivo. To decipher its mechanism of action, RNA sequencing was used to evaluate differences in gene expression of cultured macrophages following honaucin A treatment. This analysis led to the hypothesis that honaucin A exerts its anti-inflammatory activity through activation of the cytoprotective nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway by honaucin A in cultured human MCF7 cells was confirmed using an Nrf2 luciferase reporter assay. In vitro alkylation experiments with the natural product and N-acetyl-l-cysteine suggest that honaucin A activates this pathway through covalent interaction with the sulfhydryl residues of the cytosolic repressor protein Keap1. Honaucin A presents a potential therapeutic lead for diseases with an inflammatory component modulated by Nrf2-ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Mascuch
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul D. Boudreau
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - N. Tessa Pierce
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joshua Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mary E. Hensler
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Campanale
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Teresa Gaasterland
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lena Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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157
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McIntosh DJ, Walters TS, Arinze IJ, Davis J. Arkadia (RING Finger Protein 111) Mediates Sumoylation-Dependent Stabilization of Nrf2 Through K48-Linked Ubiquitination. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 46:418-430. [PMID: 29597191 DOI: 10.1159/000488475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of the antioxidant defense system, protecting cells from oxidative damage. We previously reported that the SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) accelerated the degradation rate of Nrf2 in promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear body (PML-NB)-enriched fractions and decreased Nrf2-mediated gene transcription. The mechanisms that regulate Nrf2 nuclear levels are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to explore the role of the second mammalian STUbL, Arkadia/RNF111 on Nrf2. METHODS Arkadia mediated ubiquitination was detected using co-immunoprecipitation assays in which whole cell lysates were immunoprecipated with anti-Nrf2 antibody and Western blotted with anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody or anti-Lys-48 ubiquitin-specific antibody. The half-life of Nrf2 was detected in whole cell lysates and promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear body enriched fractions by cycloheximide-chase. Reporter gene assays were performed using the antioxidant response element (ARE)-containing promoter Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). RESULTS We show that Arkadia/RNF111 is able to ubiquitinate Nrf2 resulting in the stabilization of Nrf2. This stabilization was mediated through Lys-48 ubiquitin chains, contrary to traditionally degradative role of Lys-48 ubiquitination, suggesting that Lys-48 ubiquitination of Nrf2 protects Nrf2 from degradation thereby allowing Nrf2-dependent gene transcription. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings highlight a novel mechanism to positively regulate nuclear Nrf2 levels in response to oxidative stress through Arkadia-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deneshia J McIntosh
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Treniqka S Walters
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ifeanyi J Arinze
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Departments of Biochemsitry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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158
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Jung JY, Park SM, Ko HL, Lee JR, Park CA, Byun SH, Ku SK, Cho IJ, Kim SC. Epimedium koreanum Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Mediated Liver Injury by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:469-488. [PMID: 29433393 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species is the main cause of various liver diseases. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Epimedium koreanum Nakai water extract (EKE) against arachidonic acid (AA)[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-)-mediated acute liver injury in mice. Pretreatment with EKE (30 and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) significantly inhibited AA[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by preventing changes in the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. EKE attenuated hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione depletion, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. EKE also increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), transactivated anti-oxidant response element harboring luciferase activity, and induced the expression of anti-oxidant genes. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of EKE against AA[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]iron was blocked in Nrf2 knockout cells. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that EKE contained icariin, icaritin, and quercetin; icaritin and quercetin were both found to protect HepG2 cells from AA[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]iron via Nrf2 activation. In a CCl4-induced mouse model of liver injury, pretreatment with EKE (300[Formula: see text]mg/kg) for four consecutive days ameliorated CCl4-mediated increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, histological activity index, hepatic parenchyma degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. EKE also decreased the number of nitrotyrosine-, 4-hydroxynonenal-, cleaved caspase-3-, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-positive cells in hepatic tissues. These results suggest EKE is a promising candidate for the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related liver diseases via Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Jung
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Park
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Li Ko
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rok Lee
- † Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung A Park
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hui Byun
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- * College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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159
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4-Methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate mediates nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activation by regulating reactive oxygen species production in human esophageal epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:295-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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160
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Kim JK, Lee JE, Jung EH, Jung JY, Jung DH, Ku SK, Cho IJ, Kim SC. Hemistepsin A ameliorates acute inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:176-188. [PMID: 29129664 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemistepsin A (HsA) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Hemistepta lyrata (Bunge) Bunge. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HsA and sought to determine its mechanisms of action in macrophages. HsA pretreatment inhibited nitric oxide production, and reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in Toll-like receptor ligand-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, HsA decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Kupffer cells as well as in RAW 264.7 cells. HsA inhibited phosphorylation of IKKα/β and degradation of IκBα, resulting in decreased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its transcriptional activity. Moreover, HsA phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), increased expression levels of antioxidant genes, and attenuated LPS-stimulated H2O2 production. Phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was required for HsA-mediated Nrf2 phosphorylation. In a D-galactosamine/LPS-induced liver injury model, HsA ameliorated D-galactosamine/LPS-induced hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cells infiltration. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses using nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase antibodies revealed that HsA protected the liver from oxidative stress. Furthermore, HsA reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cytokine-positive cells in hepatic tissues. Thus, these results suggest HsA may be a promising natural product to manage inflammation-mediated tissue injuries through inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwa Jung
- HaniBio Co., Ltd., Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
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161
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Tessier SN, Zhang Y, Wijenayake S, Storey KB. MAP kinase signaling and Elk1 transcriptional activity in hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2811-2821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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162
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Kubo E, Chhunchha B, Singh P, Sasaki H, Singh DP. Sulforaphane reactivates cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2/ARE/Prdx6 activity during aging and oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14130. [PMID: 29074861 PMCID: PMC5658327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon oxidative stress and aging, Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor2) triggers antioxidant defense genes to defends against homeostatic failure. Using human(h) or rat(r) lens epithelial cells (LECs) and aging human lenses, we showed that a progressive increase in oxidative load during aging was linked to a decline in Prdx6 expression. DNA binding experiments using gel-shift and ChIP assays demonstrated a progressive reduction in Nrf2/ARE binding (-357/-349) of Prdx6 promoter. The promoter (-918) with ARE showed a marked reduction in young vs aged hLECs, which was directly correlated to decreased Nrf2/ARE binding. A Nrf2 activator, Sulforaphane (SFN), augmented Prdx6, catalase and GSTπ expression in dose-dependent fashion, and halted Nrf2 dysregulation of these antioxidants. SFN reinforced Nrf2/DNA binding and increased promoter activities by enhancing expression and facilitating Nrf2 translocalization in nucleus. Conversely, promoter mutated at ARE site did not respond to SFN, validating the SFN-mediated restoration of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Furthermore, SFN rescued cells from UVB-induced toxicity in dose-dependent fashion, which was consistent with SFN's dose-dependent activation of Nrf2/ARE interaction. Importantly, knockdown of Prdx6 revealed that Prdx6 expression was prerequisite for SFN-mediated cytoprotection. Collectively, our results suggest that loss of Prdx6 caused by dysregulation of ARE/Nrf2 can be attenuated through a SFN, to combat diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, Omaha, USA
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, Omaha, USA
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, Omaha, USA.
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163
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Ni J, Li Y, Li W, Guo R. Salidroside protects against foam cell formation and apoptosis, possibly via the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:198. [PMID: 29017559 PMCID: PMC5635575 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foam cell formation and apoptosis are closely associated with atherosclerosis pathogenesis. We determined the effect of salidroside on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation and apoptosis in THP1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells and investigated the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods THP1-derived macrophages were incubated with salidroside for 5 h and then exposed to ox-LDL for 24 h to induce foam cell formation. Cytotoxicity, lipid deposition, apoptosis, and the expression of various proteins were tested using the CCK8 kit, Oil Red O staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Results Ox-LDL treatment alone promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation, while salidroside treatment alone inhibited it (p < 0.05). The number of early/late apoptotic cells decreased with salidroside treatment in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Salidroside dramatically upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but had no effect on heme oxygenase-1 expression; moreover, it markedly downregulated ox-LDL receptor 1 and upregulated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Salidroside also obviously decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p38 MAPK, and increased that of Akt. However, the total expression of these proteins was not affected. Conclusion Based on our findings, we speculate that salidroside can suppress ox-LDL-induced THP1-derived foam cell formation and apoptosis, partly by regulating the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanmin Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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164
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Yoon DS, Choi Y, Cha DS, Zhang P, Choi SM, Alfhili MA, Polli JR, Pendergrass D, Taki FA, Kapalavavi B, Pan X, Zhang B, Blackwell TK, Lee JW, Lee MH. Triclosan Disrupts SKN-1/Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in C. elegans and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12592. [PMID: 28974696 PMCID: PMC5626723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial chemical with potential endocrine-disrupting properties, may pose a risk to early embryonic development and cellular homeostasis during adulthood. Here, we show that TCS induces toxicity in both the nematode C. elegans and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by disrupting the SKN-1/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response. Specifically, TCS exposure affected C. elegans survival and hMSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular analysis showed that TCS inhibited the nuclear localization of SKN-1/Nrf2 and the expression of its target genes, which were associated with oxidative stress response. Notably, TCS-induced toxicity was significantly reduced by either antioxidant treatment or constitutive SKN-1/Nrf2 activation. As Nrf2 is strongly associated with aging and chemoresistance, these findings will provide a novel approach to the identification of therapeutic targets and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Yoorim Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seong Mi Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Abdulmohsen Alfhili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Ryan Polli
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - DeQwon Pendergrass
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Faten A Taki
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Brahmam Kapalavavi
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Myon-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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165
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Raffalli C, Clouet E, Kuresepi S, Damiens MH, Lepoittevin JP, Pallardy M, Ferret PJ, Giménez-Arnau E, Kerdine-Römer S. Editor’s Highlight: Fragrance Allergens Linalool and Limonene Allylic Hydroperoxides in Skin Allergy: Mechanisms of Action Focusing on Transcription Factor Nrf2. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:139-148. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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166
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Hourihan JM, Moronetti Mazzeo LE, Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Blackwell TK. Cysteine Sulfenylation Directs IRE-1 to Activate the SKN-1/Nrf2 Antioxidant Response. Mol Cell 2017; 63:553-566. [PMID: 27540856 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that many proteins may be regulated through cysteine modification, but the extent and functions of this signaling remain largely unclear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein IRE-1 maintains ER homeostasis by initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR(ER)). Here we show in C. elegans and human cells that IRE-1 has a distinct redox-regulated function in cytoplasmic homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated at the ER or by mitochondria sulfenylate a cysteine within the IRE-1 kinase activation loop. This inhibits the IRE-1-mediated UPR(ER) and initiates the p38/SKN-1(Nrf2) antioxidant response, thereby increasing stress resistance and lifespan. Many AGC-family kinases (AKT, p70S6K, PKC, ROCK1) seem to be regulated similarly. The data reveal that IRE-1 has an ancient function as a cytoplasmic sentinel that activates p38 and SKN-1(Nrf2) and indicate that cysteine modifications induced by ROS signals can direct proteins to adopt unexpected functions and may coordinate many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hourihan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lorenza E Moronetti Mazzeo
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L Paulette Fernández-Cárdenas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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167
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Lee KM, Kwon TY, Kang U, Seo EK, Yun JH, Nho CW, Kim YS. Tussilagonone-induced Nrf2 pathway activation protects HepG2 cells from oxidative injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:120-127. [PMID: 28733231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tussilagonone is a compound derived from the medicinal plant Tussilago farfara L., which is used as a traditional medicine for respiratory diseases, including asthma and pneumonia. Recent reports suggest that tussilagonone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects; however, the scope of protective functions has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we demonstrate that tussilagonone enhances cellular detoxification by increasing quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells. In addition, tussilagonone decreased tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP)-induced ROS production and cell death, suggesting that it also acts as a potent antioxidant. To verify the molecular mechanism underlying tussilagonone activity, we examined the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant protein expression-in HepG2 cells. Significantly, these results showed that tussilagonone induces Nrf2 activation and nuclear accumulation, resulting in the upregulation of the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) that protect cells from oxidative stress. Further molecular analyses revealed that tussilagonone-induced Nrf2 activation was mediated by ERK1/2 in HepG2 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that tussilagonone attenuates t-BHP-induced ROS and activates quinone reductase activity via Nrf2 pathway activation and target gene expression, and thereby acts as an antioxidant that protects HepG2 cells from oxidative stress and associated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kwon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Unwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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168
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone Oxidoreductase through Activation of Nrf2 in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060969. [PMID: 28604588 PMCID: PMC6152628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 fatty acid abundant in fish oils, has diverse health beneficial effects, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and chemopreventive activities. In this study, we found that DHA induced expression of two representative antioxidant/cytoprotective enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), in human mammary epithealial (MCF-10A) cells. DHA-induced upregulation of these enzymes was accompanied by enhanced translocation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 into the nucleus and its binding to antioxidant response element. Nrf2 gene silencing by siRNA abolished the DHA-induced expression of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins. When MCF-10A cells were transfected with mutant constructs in which the cysteine 151 or 288 residue of Keap1 was replaced by serine, DHA-induced expression of HO-1 and NQO1 was markedly reduced. Moreover, DHA activated protein kinase C (PKC)δ and induced Nrf2 phosphorylation. DHA-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 was abrogated by the pharmacological PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin or siRNA knockdown of its gene expression. The antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and Trolox attenuated DHA-induced activation of PKCδ, phosphorylation of Nrf2, and and its target protein expression. In conclusion, DHA activates Nrf2, possibly through modification of critical Keap1 cysteine 288 residue and PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of HO-1 and NQO1 expression.
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169
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Kim J, Shin SH, Ko YE, Miki T, Bae HM, Kang JK, Kim JW. HX-1171, a Novel Nrf2 Activator, Induces NQO1 and HMOX1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3372-3380. [PMID: 28300285 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HX-1171 (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) is a novel synthesized vitamin E derivative, which reportedly has positive effects on various diseases and conditions, such as liver fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, and cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional activity induced by HX-1171. Results from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and promoter assays reveal that HX-1171 increased the expression of NQO1 and HMOX1, encoding antioxidant-related enzymes, in A549 human lung epithelial cells. The activity of nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2), a key transcriptional factor for antioxidative enzymes, was examined in HX-1171-treated cells. Confocal microscopy and Western blotting showed that HX-1171 effectively induced the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. We conclude that HX-1171, a novel Nrf2 activator, may be a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-induced diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3372-3380, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Ko
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heung-Mo Bae
- Biotoxtech Co., Ltd, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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170
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Bao L, Wu J, Dodson M, Rojo de la Vega EM, Ning Y, Zhang Z, Yao M, Zhang DD, Xu C, Yi X. ABCF2, an Nrf2 target gene, contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1543-1553. [PMID: 28112439 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that NRF2 plays a key role in mediating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. To further explore the mechanism underlying NRF2-dependent cisplatin resistance, we stably overexpressed or knocked down NRF2 in parental and cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells, respectively. These two pairs of stable cell lines were then subjected to microarray analysis, where we identified 18 putative NRF2 target genes. Among these genes, ABCF2, a cytosolic member of the ABC superfamily of transporters, has previously been reported to contribute to chemoresistance in clear cell ovarian cancer. A detailed analysis on ABCF2 revealed a functional antioxidant response element (ARE) in its promoter region, establishing ABCF2 as an NRF2 target gene. Next, we investigated the contribution of ABCF2 in NRF2-mediated cisplatin resistance using our stable ovarian cancer cell lines. The NRF2-overexpressing cell line, containing high levels of ABCF2, was more resistant to cisplatin-induced apoptosis compared to its control cell line; whereas the NRF2 knockdown cell line with low levels of ABCF2, was more sensitive to cisplatin treatment than its control cell line. Furthermore, transient overexpression of ABCF2 in the parental cells decreased apoptosis and increased cell viability following cisplatin treatment. Conversely, knockdown of ABCF2 using specific siRNA notably increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability in cisplatin-resistant cells treated with cisplatin. This data indicate that the novel NRF2 target gene, ABCF2, plays a critical role in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, and that targeting ABCF2 may be a new strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Bao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfa Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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171
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Mitani T, Yoshioka Y, Furuyashiki T, Yamashita Y, Shirai Y, Ashida H. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibits colitis through decreasing oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:355-367. [PMID: 28257879 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of chronic inflammation conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of the mucosal immune response causes accumulation of oxidative stress, resulting in the induction of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG), which is produced from starch, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of ESG suppressed DSS- and TNBS-induced shortening of large intestine in female mice and significant decreased DSS-induced oxidative stress and TNBS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the large intestine. ESG increase in the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for HO-1 expressed in the large intestine. Furthermore, ESG-induced HO-1 and Nrf2 were expressed mainly in intestinal macrophages. ESG is considered to be metabolized to resistant glycogen (RG) during digestion with α-amylase in vivo. In mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, RG, but not ESG decreased 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown of Nrf2 inhibited RG-induced HO-1 expression and negated the decrease in AAPH-induced ROS brought about by RG. RG up-regulated the protein stability of Nrf2 to decrease the formation of Nrf2-Keap1 complexes. RG-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 was suppressed by ERK1/2 and JNK inhibitors. Our data indicate that ESG, digested with α-amylase to RG, suppresses DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the expression of HO-1 in the large intestine of mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RG induces HO-1 expression by promoting phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser40 through activation of the ERK1/2 and JNK cascade in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Mitani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan; Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan.
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172
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Barančík M, Grešová L, Barteková M, Dovinová I. Nrf2 as a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. Physiol Res 2017; 65 Suppl 1:S1-S10. [PMID: 27643930 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In CVD progression an aberrant redox regulation was observed. In this regulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling, where Nrf2 is the key regulator of redox homeostasis. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system regulates a great set of detoxificant and antioxidant enzymes in cells after ROS and electrophiles exposure. In this review we focus on radical-generating systems in cardiovascular system as well as on Nrf2 as a target against oxidative stress and a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge about the role of Nrf2 in pathophysiology of several CVD (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies) as well as in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barančík
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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173
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Ghosh A, Abdo S, Zhao S, Wu CH, Shi Y, Lo CS, Chenier I, Alquier T, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Insulin Inhibits Nrf2 Gene Expression via Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F/K in Diabetic Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:903-919. [PMID: 28324005 PMCID: PMC5460794 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces endogenous antioxidants via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), potentially preventing tissue injury. We investigated whether insulin affects renal Nrf2 expression in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and studied its underlying mechanism. Insulin normalized hyperglycemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, and renal injury; inhibited renal Nrf2 and angiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression; and upregulated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F and K (hnRNP F and hnRNP K) expression in Akita mice with T1D. In immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells, insulin suppressed Nrf2 and Agt but stimulated hnRNP F and hnRNP K gene transcription in high glucose via p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Transfection with small interfering RNAs of p44/42 MAPK, hnRNP F, or hnRNP K blocked insulin inhibition of Nrf2 gene transcription. Insulin curbed Nrf2 promoter activity via a specific DNA-responsive element that binds hnRNP F/K, and hnRNP F/K overexpression curtailed Nrf2 promoter activity. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic mice, renal Nrf2 and Agt expression was downregulated, whereas hnRNP F/K expression was upregulated. Thus, the beneficial actions of insulin in diabetic nephropathy appear to be mediated, in part, by suppressing renal Nrf2 and Agt gene transcription and preventing Nrf2 stimulation of Agt expression via hnRNP F/K. These findings identify hnRNP F/K and Nrf2 as potential therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shaaban Abdo
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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174
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Kumar A, Mittal R. Nrf2: a potential therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:393-402. [PMID: 28353124 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Different aspects involved in pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy are related to inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. This article summarizes evidence that Nrf2 acts as a bridging link in various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways impacting progression of diabetic neuropathy. Nrf2 is involved in expression of various antioxidant proteins (such as detoxifying enzymes) via antioxidant response element (ARE) binding site. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is inactive and remains in the cytosol. Hyperglycemia is a strong stimulus for oxidative stress and inflammation that downregulates the activity of Nrf2 through various neuroinflammatory pathways. Acute hyperglycemia increases the expression of Nrf2, but persistent hyperglycemia decreases its expression. This downregulation of Nrf2 causes various microvascular changes, which result in diabetic neuropathy. The key contribution of Nrf2 in progression of diabetic neuropathy has been summarized in the article. Despite involvement of Nrf2 in progression of diabetic neuropathy, targeting Nrf2 activators as a therapeutic potential will provide important new insights into the ways that influence treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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175
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Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Ben-Sasson S, Bianco-Peled H, Kohen R. A novel role of topical iodine in skin: Activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:238-248. [PMID: 28088623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For a long time iodine has been used as an active dermal agent in the treatment of inflammatory, immune-mediated and infectious diseases. Moreover, topical iodine application has been reported to provide protection against sulfur-mustard-induced skin lesions, heat-induced and acid-induced skin burns in both haired guinea-pigs and mouse ear swelling models. However, the exact mechanism of action underlying these benefits of iodine has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, a novel mechanism of action by which iodine provides skin protection and relief, based on its electrophilic nature, is suggested. This study demonstrates that both iodine and iodide are capable of activating the Nrf2 pathway in human skin. As a result, skin protection against UVB-induced damage was acquired and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) from LPS-challenged skin was reduced. Iodide role in the enhanced activation of this pathway is demonstrated. The mode of action by which iodine and iodide activate the Nrf2 pathway is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Shmuel Ben-Sasson
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Havazelet Bianco-Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
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176
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Krall EB, Wang B, Munoz DM, Ilic N, Raghavan S, Niederst MJ, Yu K, Ruddy DA, Aguirre AJ, Kim JW, Redig AJ, Gainor JF, Williams JA, Asara JM, Doench JG, Janne PA, Shaw AT, McDonald Iii RE, Engelman JA, Stegmeier F, Schlabach MR, Hahn WC. KEAP1 loss modulates sensitivity to kinase targeted therapy in lung cancer. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28145866 PMCID: PMC5305212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors that target the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have led to clinical responses in lung and other cancers, but some patients fail to respond and in those that do resistance inevitably occurs (Balak et al., 2006; Kosaka et al., 2006; Rudin et al., 2013; Wagle et al., 2011). To understand intrinsic and acquired resistance to inhibition of MAPK signaling, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 gene deletion screens in the setting of BRAF, MEK, EGFR, and ALK inhibition. Loss of KEAP1, a negative regulator of NFE2L2/NRF2, modulated the response to BRAF, MEK, EGFR, and ALK inhibition in BRAF-, NRAS-, KRAS-, EGFR-, and ALK-mutant lung cancer cells. Treatment with inhibitors targeting the RTK/MAPK pathway increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells with intact KEAP1, and loss of KEAP1 abrogated this increase. In addition, loss of KEAP1 altered cell metabolism to allow cells to proliferate in the absence of MAPK signaling. These observations suggest that alterations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway may promote survival in the presence of multiple inhibitors targeting the RTK/Ras/MAPK pathway. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18970.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa B Krall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Belinda Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Diana M Munoz
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nina Ilic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Srivatsan Raghavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Matthew J Niederst
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kristine Yu
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - David A Ruddy
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Amanda J Redig
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Juliet A Williams
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Pasi A Janne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Robert E McDonald Iii
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Frank Stegmeier
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michael R Schlabach
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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177
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Pajares M, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI. Modulation of proteostasis by transcription factor NRF2 and impact in neurodegenerative diseases. Redox Biol 2017; 11:543-553. [PMID: 28104575 PMCID: PMC5239825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to the accumulation of specific protein aggregates, suggesting an intimate connection between injured brain and loss of proteostasis. Proteostasis refers to all the processes by which cells control the abundance and folding of the proteome thanks to a wide network that integrates the regulation of signaling pathways, gene expression and protein degradation systems. This review attempts to summarize the most relevant findings about the transcriptional modulation of proteostasis exerted by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2). NRF2 has been classically considered as the master regulator of the antioxidant cell response, although it is currently emerging as a key component of the transduction machinery to maintain proteostasis. As we will discuss, NRF2 could be envisioned as a hub that compiles emergency signals derived from misfolded protein accumulation in order to build a coordinated and perdurable transcriptional response. This is achieved by functions of NRF2 related to the control of genes involved in the maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum physiology, the proteasome and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pajares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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178
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Lee MH, Han MH, Lee DS, Park C, Hong SH, Kim GY, Hong SH, Song KS, Choi IW, Cha HJ, Choi YH. Morin exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts via the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and the activation of the ERK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:399-406. [PMID: 28035409 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective efficacy of morin, a natural flavonoid, against oxidative stress and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results indicated that morin treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased cell viability and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species. H2O2-induced comet-like DNA formation and γH2AX phosphorylation were also markedly suppressed by morin with a parallel inhibition of apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that morin prevented H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, morin markedly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression. Notably, these events were eliminated by transient transfection with Nrf2‑specific small interfering RNA. Additional experiments demonstrated that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by morin was mediated by the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This phenomenon was confirmed with suppressed Nrf2 phosphorylation and consequently diminished HO-1 expression in cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK. Collectively, these results demonstrated that morin augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through the activation of Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling, which involves the activation of the ERK pathway, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from H2O2-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 325-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 325-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Physiology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-072, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-072, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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179
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TAMH: A Useful In Vitro Model for Assessing Hepatotoxic Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4780872. [PMID: 28074186 PMCID: PMC5198153 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4780872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models for hepatotoxicity can be useful tools to predict in vivo responses. In this review, we discuss the use of the transforming growth factor-α transgenic mouse hepatocyte (TAMH) cell line, which is an attractive model to study drug-induced liver injury due to its ability to retain a stable phenotype and express drug-metabolizing enzymes. Hepatotoxicity involves damage to the liver and is often associated with chemical exposure. Since the liver is a major site for drug metabolism, drug-induced liver injury is a serious health concern for certain agents. At the molecular level, various mechanisms may protect or harm the liver during drug-induced hepatocellular injury including signaling pathways and endogenous factors (e.g., Bcl-2, GSH, Nrf2, or MAPK). The interplay between these and other pathways in the hepatocyte can change upon drug or drug metabolite exposure leading to intracellular stress and eventually cell death and liver injury. This review focuses on mechanistic studies investigating drug-induced toxicity in the TAMH line and how alterations to hepatotoxic mechanisms in this model relate to the in vivo situation. The agents discussed herein include acetaminophen (APAP), tetrafluoroethylcysteine (TFEC), flutamide, PD0325901, lapatinib, and flupirtine.
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180
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Li W, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wu R, Yang AY, Gaspar J, Kong ANT. Dietary Phytochemicals and Cancer Chemoprevention: A Perspective on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2071-2095. [PMID: 27989132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when cellular reactive oxygen species levels exceed the self-antioxidant capacity of the body. Oxidative stress induces many pathological changes, including inflammation and cancer. Chronic inflammation is believed to be strongly associated with the major stages of carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation by manipulating key antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes via the antioxidant response element. Many dietary phytochemicals with cancer chemopreventive properties, such as polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and triterpenoids, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional alterations, also lead to various carcinogenesis processes by suppressing cancer repressor gene transcription. Using epigenetic research tools, including next-generation sequencing technologies, many dietary phytochemicals are shown to modify and reverse aberrant epigenetic/epigenome changes, potentially leading to cancer prevention/treatment. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals on cancer development warrant further investigation to provide additional impetus for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yue Guo
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John Gaspar
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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181
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182
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Wu YS, Chung I, Wong WF, Masamune A, Sim MS, Looi CY. Paracrine IL-6 signaling mediates the effects of pancreatic stellate cells on epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Stat3/Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:296-306. [PMID: 27750041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) secreted interleukin (IL)-6 and promoted pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell proliferation via nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process for the metastatic cascade. To study the mechanism of PDAC progression to metastasis, we investigated the role of PSC-secreted IL-6 in activating EMT and the involvement of Nrf2 in this process. METHODS Gene expression of IL-6 and IL-6Rα in PSC and PDAC cells was measured with qRT-PCR. The role of PSC-secreted IL-6, JAK/Stat3 signaling, and Nrf2 mediation on EMT-related genes expression was also examined with qRT-PCR. EMT phenotypes were assessed with morphological change, wound healing, migration, and invasion. RESULTS PSC expressed higher mRNA levels of IL-6 but lower IL-6Rα compared to PDAC cells. Neutralizing IL-6 in PSC secretion reduced mesenchymal-like morphology, migration and invasion capacity, and mesenchymal-like gene expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, collagen I, Sip1, Snail, Slug, and Twist2. Inhibition of JAK/Stat3 signaling induced by IL-6 repressed EMT and Nrf2 gene expression. Induction of Nrf2 activity by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) increased both EMT phenotypes and gene expression (N-cadherin, fibronectin, Twist2, Snail, and Slug) repressed by IL-6 neutralizing antibody. Simultaneous inhibition of Nrf2 expression with siRNA and Stat3 signaling further repressed EMT gene expression, indicating that Stat3/Nrf2 pathway mediates EMT induced by IL-6. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 from PSC promotes EMT in PDAC cells via Stat3/Nrf2 pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Targeting Stat3/Nrf2 pathway activated by PSC-secreted IL-6 may provide a novel therapeutic option to improve the prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University of Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture 980-8574, Japan
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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183
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Rizzi M, Migliario M, Rocchetti V, Tonello S, Renò F. Near-infrared laser increases MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells proliferation by activating redox sensitive pathways. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:283-288. [PMID: 27718420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared laser is known to induce biostimulatory effects, resulting in cell proliferation enhancement. Although such positive effect is widely exploited in various clinical applications, molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of laser stimulation to increase cell proliferation through an early activation of three redox sensitive pathways, namely Nrf-2, NF-κB and ERK in a rat odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23 cells). MDPC-23 cells were irradiated with different energy settings (0-50J, corresponding to 0-32.47J/cm2) and cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting. Nrf-2, NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways activation was investigated through Western blot analysis. Our results show that a single 25J laser stimulation is able to increase cell proliferation and that this effect could be increased by repeating the stimulation twice with a time lapse of 24h. Western blot experiments demonstrated that laser stimulation is able to induce an early activation response in intracellular signaling, with an overlapping time pattern between the three considered pathways. Results discussed in this paper reveal a complex mechanism underlying near-infrared induced increase in pre-odontoblasts proliferation, involving three survival pathways that can act both separately or through reciprocal crosstalk. In particular, data presented suggest an important role for ERK pathway that could act directly by stimulating cell proliferation but can also induce both Nrf-2 and NF-κB activation, acting as a critical cellular checkpoint in response to imbalanced redox state generated by a laser induced increase in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Mario Migliario
- Dental Clinic, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Rocchetti
- Dental Clinic, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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184
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Dimauro I, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D. Exercise-induced ROS in heat shock proteins response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:46-55. [PMID: 27021964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved multiple and sophisticated stress response mechanisms aiming to prevent macromolecular (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) damage and to maintain or re-establish cellular homeostasis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are among the most highly conserved, ubiquitous, and abundant proteins in all organisms. Originally discovered more than 50 years ago through heat shock stress, they display multiple, remarkable roles inside and outside cells under a variety of stresses, including also oxidative stress and radiation, recognizing unfolded or misfolded proteins and facilitating their restructuring. Exercise consists in a combination of physiological stresses, such as metabolic disturbances, changes in circulating levels of hormones, increased temperature, induction of mild to severe inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). As a consequence, exercise is one of the main stimuli associated with a robust increase in different HSPs in several tissues, which appears to be also fundamental in facilitating the cellular remodeling processes related to the training regime. Among all factors involved in the exercise-related modulation of HSPs level, the ROS production in the contracting muscle or in other tissues represents one of the most attracting, but still under discussion, mechanism. Following exhaustive or damaging muscle exercise, major oxidative damage to proteins and lipids is likely involved in HSP expression, together with mechanically induced damage to muscle proteins and the inflammatory response occurring several days into the recovery period. Instead, the transient and reversible oxidation of proteins by physiological concentrations of ROS seems to be involved in the activation of stress response following non-damaging muscle exercise. This review aims to provide a critical update on the role of HSPs response in exercise-induced adaptation or damage in humans, focusing on experimental results where the link between redox homeostasis and HSPs expression by exercise has been addressed. Further, with the support of in vivo and in vitro studies, we discuss the putative molecular mechanisms underlying the ROS-mediated modulation of HSP expression and/or activity during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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185
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Shimizu Y, Nicholson CK, Lambert JP, Barr LA, Kuek N, Herszenhaut D, Tan L, Murohara T, Hansen JM, Husain A, Naqvi N, Calvert JW. Sodium Sulfide Attenuates Ischemic-Induced Heart Failure by Enhancing Proteasomal Function in an Nrf2-Dependent Manner. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002368. [PMID: 27056879 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels exert cytoprotective effects in various models of cardiovascular injury. However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for this protection remain to be fully elucidated. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cellular target of H2S and facilitator of H2S-mediated cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Nrf2 mediates the cardioprotective effects of H2S therapy in the setting of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice (12 weeks of age) deficient in Nrf2 (Nrf2 KO; C57BL/6J background) and wild-type littermates were subjected to ischemic-induced heart failure. Wild-type mice treated with H2S in the form of sodium sulfide (Na2S) displayed enhanced Nrf2 signaling, improved left ventricular function, and less cardiac hypertrophy after the induction of heart failure. In contrast, Na2S therapy failed to provide protection against heart failure in Nrf2 KO mice. Studies aimed at evaluating the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms found that Na2S increased the expression of proteasome subunits, resulting in an increased proteasome activity and a reduction in the accumulation of damaged proteins. In contrast, Na2S therapy failed to enhance the proteasome and failed to attenuate the accumulation of damaged proteins in Nrf2 KO mice. Additionally, Na2S failed to improve cardiac function when the proteasome was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Na2S therapy enhances proteasomal activity and function during the development of heart failure in an Nrf2-dependent manner and that this enhancement leads to attenuation in cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Shimizu
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Chad K Nicholson
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Larry A Barr
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Nicholas Kuek
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - David Herszenhaut
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Lin Tan
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Jason M Hansen
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Ahsan Husain
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.)
| | - John W Calvert
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (Y.S., C.K.N., J.P.L., L.A.B., N.K., D.H., J.W.C.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (L.T., A.H., N.N.), and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (T.M.).
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186
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AMPK Facilitates Nuclear Accumulation of Nrf2 by Phosphorylating at Serine 550. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1931-42. [PMID: 27161318 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00118-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an antioxidant transcription factor. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a central regulator of cell survival in response to stressful stimuli. Nrf2 should be coordinated with the cell survival pathway controlled by AMPK, but so far the mechanistic connections remain undefined. This study investigated the role of AMPK in Nrf2 trafficking and its activity regulation. A subnetwork integrating neighbor molecules suggested direct interaction between AMPK and Nrf2. In cells, AMPK activation caused nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. In the in vitro kinase and peptide competition assays, AMPK phosphorylated Nrf2 at the Ser558 residue (Ser550 in mouse) located in the canonical nuclear export signal. Nrf2 with an S550A mutation failed to be accumulated in the nucleus after AMPK activation. Leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, did not enhance nuclear accumulation of wild-type Nrf2 (WT-Nrf2) activated by AMPK or a phospho-Ser550-mimetic Nrf2 mutant, corroborating the finding that AMPK facilitated nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, probably by inhibiting nuclear export. Activated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) diminished the basal nuclear level of Myc-S550A-Nrf2. Taking the data collectively, AMPK phosphorylates Nrf2 at the Ser550 residue, which, in conjunction with AMPK-mediated GSK3β inhibition, promotes nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 for antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven gene transactivation.
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187
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Rössler OG, Thiel G. Specificity of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP-1. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:127-140. [PMID: 27278863 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress leads to an upregulation of gene transcription. We asked if there is a specificity in the activation of the stress-responsive transcription factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP-1/c-Jun, or if activation of these proteins is a redundant cellular answer toward extracellular stressors. Here, we show that oxidative stress, induced by stimulation of the cells with the oxidant arsenite, strongly activated gene transcription via the stress-responsive element (StRE), while phorbol ester or tunicamycin, activators of AP-1/c-Jun or ATF4, respectively, activated AP-1 or nutrient-sensing response element-mediated transcription. Preincubation of the cells with N-acetyl-cysteine or overexpression of thioredoxin selectively attenuated arsenite-induced upregulation of StRE-regulated transcription. Expression of either dominant-negative or constitutively active mutants of Nrf2, ATF4, or c-Jun confirmed that distinct transcription units are regulated by these transcription factors. Physiological stimuli involving the activation of either Gαq-coupled designer receptors or the protein kinases c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 strongly stimulated transcription via AP-1/c-Jun, with minimal effects on Nrf2 or ATF4-responsive promoters. Thus, activation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules shows specificity at the level of the chemical nature of the signaling molecule, at the level of the intracellular transduction process, and at the level of signal-responsive transcription factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 127-140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, Building 44, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, Building 44, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
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188
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Warfel NA, Sainz AG, Song JH, Kraft AS. PIM Kinase Inhibitors Kill Hypoxic Tumor Cells by Reducing Nrf2 Signaling and Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1637-47. [PMID: 27196781 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia is a significant obstacle to the successful treatment of solid tumors, and it is highly correlated with metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and disease recurrence in cancer patients. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapies that target hypoxic cells within the tumor microenvironment. The Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases represent a prosurvival pathway that is upregulated in response to hypoxia, in a HIF-1-independent manner. We demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PIM kinases is significantly more toxic toward cancer cells in hypoxia as compared with normoxia. Xenograft studies confirm that PIM kinase inhibitors impede tumor growth and selectively kill hypoxic tumor cells in vivo Experiments show that PIM kinases enhance the ability of tumor cells to adapt to hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by increasing the nuclear localization and activity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which functions to increase the expression of antioxidant genes. Small molecule PIM kinase inhibitors prevent Nrf2 from accumulating in the nucleus, reducing the transcription of cytoprotective genes and leading to the build-up of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to toxic levels in hypoxic tumor cells. This toxic effect of PIM inhibitors can be successfully blocked by ROS scavengers, including N-acetyl cystine and superoxide dismutase. Thus, inhibition of PIM kinases has the potential to oppose hypoxia-mediated therapeutic resistance and induce cell death in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1637-47. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel A Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Alva G Sainz
- UROC-PREP program, University of Arizona College of Undergraduate Studies, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jin H Song
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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189
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Liu X, Li H, Liu L, Lu Y, Gao Y, Geng P, Li X, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Methylation of arginine by PRMT1 regulates Nrf2 transcriptional activity during the antioxidative response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2093-103. [PMID: 27183873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cap 'n' collar (CNC) family of transcription factors play important roles in resistance of oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Among the CNC family members, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is critical for regulating the antioxidant and phase II enzymes through antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transactivation. The activity of Nrf2 is controlled by a variety of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and sumoylation. Here we demonstrate that the arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) methylates Nrf2 protein at a single residue of arginine 437, both in vitro and in vivo. Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Collectively, our results define a novel modification of Nrf2, which operates as a fine-tuning mechanism for the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 under the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingxia Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Pengyu Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China.
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190
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Cdk12 Is A Gene-Selective RNA Polymerase II Kinase That Regulates a Subset of the Transcriptome, Including Nrf2 Target Genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21455. [PMID: 26911346 PMCID: PMC4766476 DOI: 10.1038/srep21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 transcription factor is well conserved throughout metazoan evolution and serves as a central regulator of adaptive cellular responses to oxidative stress. We carried out an RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells to better understand the regulatory mechanisms governing Nrf2 target gene expression. This paper describes the identification and characterization of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) kinase Cdk12 as a factor that is required for Nrf2 target gene expression in cell culture and in vivo. Cdk12 is, however, not essential for bulk mRNA transcription and cells lacking CDK12 function are viable and able to proliferate. Consistent with previous findings on the DNA damage and heat shock responses, it emerges that Cdk12 may be specifically required for stress activated gene expression. Transcriptome analysis revealed that antioxidant gene expression is compromised in flies with reduced Cdk12 function, which makes them oxidative stress sensitive. In addition to supporting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced gene activation, Cdk12 suppresses genes that support metabolic functions in stressed conditions. We suggest that Cdk12 acts as a gene-selective Pol II kinase that engages a global shift in gene expression to switch cells from a metabolically active state to “stress-defence mode” when challenged by external stress.
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191
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192
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Shin JS, Ryu S, Jang DS, Cho YW, Chung EK, Lee KT. Amomum tsao-ko fruit extract suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in macrophages and in septic mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:395-405. [PMID: 26852687 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié (Zingiberaceae) has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as throat infections, malaria, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract of A. tsao-ko (AOM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in a murine model of sepsis. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, AOM reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Pretreatment with SnPP (a selective inhibitor of HO-1) and silencing HO-1 using siRNA prevented the AOM-mediated inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression. Furthermore, AOM increased the expression and nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which enhanced Nrf2 binding to antioxidant response element (ARE). In addition, AOM induced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) diminished the AOM-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and AOM-induced HO-1 expression, suggesting that ERK and JNK are downstream mediators of ROS during the AOM-induced signalling of HO-1 expression. In LPS-induced endotoxaemic mice, pretreatment with AOM reduced NO serum levels and liver iNOS expression and increased HO-1 expression and survival rates. These results indicate that AOM strongly inhibits LPS-induced NO production by activating the ROS/MAPKs/Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signalling pathway, and supports its pharmacological effects on inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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193
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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194
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Hrubik J, Glisic B, Fa S, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Andric N. Erk-Creb pathway suppresses glutathione- S -transferase pi expression under basal and oxidative stress conditions in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Lett 2016; 240:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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195
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Jung JS, Lee SY, Kim DH, Kim HS. Protopanaxatriol Ginsenoside Rh1 Upregulates Phase II Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Rat Primary Astrocytes: Involvement of MAP Kinases and Nrf2/ARE Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:33-9. [PMID: 26759699 PMCID: PMC4703350 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress activates several intracellular signaling cascades that may have deleterious effects on neuronal cell survival. Thus, controlling oxidative stress has been suggested as an important strategy for prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that ginsenoside Rh1 inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent cell death in rat primary astrocytes. Rh1 increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, superoxide dismutase-2, and catalase, that are under the control of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Further mechanistic studies showed that Rh1 increased the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2 and c-Jun to the antioxidant response element (ARE), and increased the ARE-mediated transcription activities in rat primary astrocytes. Analysis of signaling pathways revealed that MAP kinases are important in HO-1 expression, and act by modulating ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Therefore, the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by Rh1 may provide preventive therapeutic potential for various neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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196
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Martín-Hernández D, Caso JR, Bris ÁG, Maus SR, Madrigal JLM, García-Bueno B, MacDowell KS, Alou L, Gómez-Lus ML, Leza JC. Bacterial translocation affects intracellular neuroinflammatory pathways in a depression-like model in rats. Neuropharmacology 2015; 103:122-33. [PMID: 26686392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that depression is accompanied by an increased intestinal permeability which would be related to the inflammatory pathophysiology of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate whether experimental depression presents with bacterial translocation that in turn can lead to the TLR-4 in the brain affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and antioxidant pathways. Male Wistar rats were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) and the intestinal integrity, presence of bacteria in tissues and plasma lipopolysaccharide levels were analyzed. We also studied the expression in the prefrontal cortex of activated forms of MAPK and some of their activation controllers and the effects of CMS on the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway. Our results indicate that after exposure to a CMS protocol there is increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. CMS also increases the expression of the activated form of the MAPK p38 while decreasing the expression of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. The actions of antibiotic administration to prevent bacterial translocation on elements of the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways indicate that the translocated bacteria are playing a role in these effects. In effect, our results propose a role of the translocated bacteria in the pathophysiology of depression through the p38 MAPK pathway which could aggravate the neuroinflammation and the oxidative/nitrosative damage present in this pathology. Moreover, our results reveal that the antioxidant factor Nrf2 and its activators may be involved in the consequences of the CMS on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro G Bris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra R Maus
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L M Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alou
- Department of Medicine - Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Gómez-Lus
- Department of Medicine - Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (UCM), Avda. Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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197
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He M, Nitti M, Piras S, Furfaro AL, Traverso N, Pronzato MA, Mann GE. Heme oxygenase-1-derived bilirubin protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:91-8. [PMID: 26391462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with endothelial cell dysfunction arising from enhanced oxidative injury, leading to the progression of diabetic vascular pathologies. The redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in cellular defenses against oxidative stress. We have investigated the pathways involved in high glucose-induced activation of HO-1 in endothelial cells and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying cytoprotection. Elevated d-glucose increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells, with no changes in cell viability. Superoxide scavenging and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) abrogated upregulation of HO-1 expression by elevated glucose. Inhibition of HO-1 increased the sensitivity of endothelial cells to high glucose-mediated damage, while addition of bilirubin restored cell viability. Our findings establish that exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose leads to activation of endogenous antioxidant defense genes via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Upregulation of HO-1 provides cytoprotection against high glucose-induced oxidative stress through the antioxidant properties of bilirubin. Modulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the early stages of diabetes may thus protect against sustained damage by hyperglycemia during progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua He
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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198
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Abstract
Maintaining cellular redox status to allow cell signalling to occur requires modulation of both the controlled production of oxidants and the thiol-reducing networks to allow specific regulatory post-translational modification of protein thiols. The oxidative stress hypothesis captured the concept that overproduction of oxidants can be proteotoxic, but failed to predict the recent finding that hyperactivation of the KEAP1-NRF2 system also leads to proteotoxicity. Furthermore, sustained activation of thiol redox networks by KEAP1-NRF2 induces a reductive stress, by decreasing the lifetime of necessary oxidative post-translational modifications required for normal metabolism or cell signalling. In this context, it is now becoming clear why antioxidants or hyperactivation of antioxidant pathways with electrophilic therapeutics can be deleterious. Furthermore, it suggests that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway is particularly important in protecting the cell against redox-stress-induced proteotoxicity, since it can degrade redox-damaged proteins without causing aberrant changes to the redox network needed for metabolism or signalling. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) how NRF2-mediated redox signalling, or (ii) the autophagy-mediated antioxidant/reductant pathways sense cellular damage in the context of cellular pathogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the modification of protein thiols plays an important role in the regulation of both the KEAP1-NRF2 and autophagy pathways. In the present review, we discuss evidence demonstrating that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and autophagy act in concert to combat the deleterious effects of proteotoxicity. These findings are discussed with a special emphasis on their impact on cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration.
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199
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Blackwell TK, Steinbaugh MJ, Hourihan JM, Ewald CY, Isik M. SKN-1/Nrf, stress responses, and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:290-301. [PMID: 26232625 PMCID: PMC4809198 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Nrf/CNC proteins (Nrf1, Nrf2, Nrf3, p45 NF-E2) perform a wide range of cellular protective and maintenance functions. The most thoroughly described of these proteins, Nrf2, is best known as a regulator of antioxidant and xenobiotic defense, but more recently has been implicated in additional functions that include proteostasis and metabolic regulation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which offers many advantages for genetic analyses, the Nrf/CNC proteins are represented by their ortholog SKN-1. Although SKN-1 has diverged in aspects of how it binds DNA, it exhibits remarkable functional conservation with Nrf/CNC proteins in other species and regulates many of the same target gene families. C. elegans may therefore have considerable predictive value as a discovery model for understanding how mammalian Nrf/CNC proteins function and are regulated in vivo. Work in C. elegans indicates that SKN-1 regulation is surprisingly complex and is influenced by numerous growth, nutrient, and metabolic signals. SKN-1 is also involved in a wide range of homeostatic functions that extend well beyond the canonical Nrf2 function in responses to acute stress. Importantly, SKN-1 plays a central role in diverse genetic and pharmacologic interventions that promote C. elegans longevity, suggesting that mechanisms regulated by SKN-1 may be of conserved importance in aging. These C. elegans studies predict that mammalian Nrf/CNC protein functions and regulation may be similarly complex and that the proteins and processes that they regulate are likely to have a major influence on mammalian life- and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keith Blackwell
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Michael J Steinbaugh
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Hourihan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meltem Isik
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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200
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Lopes RA, Neves KB, Tostes RC, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Downregulation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor and Associated Antioxidant Genes Contributes to Redox-Sensitive Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 66:1240-50. [PMID: 26503970 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in vascular dysfunction in hypertension. Although mechanisms regulating vascular pro-oxidants are emerging, there is a paucity of information on antioxidant systems, particularly nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidants enzymes. We evaluated the vascular regulatory role of Nrf2 in hypertension and examined molecular mechanisms, whereby Nrf2 influences redox signaling in small arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Cells were stimulated with angiotensin II in the absence/presence of Nrf2 activators (bardoxolone/L-sulforaphane). Increased vascular reactive oxygen species production (chemiluminescence and amplex red) was associated with reduced Nrf2 activity in arteries (18%) and vascular smooth muscle cells (48%) in SHRSP (P<0.05 versus WKY). Expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase-1 (64%), catalase (60%), peroxiredoxin 1 (75%), and glutathione peroxidase (54%), was reduced in SHRSP. L-sulforaphane reversed these effects. Angiotensin II increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in vascular smooth muscle cells from WKY (197% versus vehicle), with blunted effects in SHRSP (44% versus vehicle). These responses were associated with increased antioxidant expression (superoxide dismutase-1, 32%; catalase, 42%; thioredoxin, 71%; peroxiredoxin, 1%-90%; quinone oxidoreductase, 84%; P<0.05 versus vehicle) and increased activity of superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, and thioredoxin in WKY but not in SHRSP, which exhibited increased Bach1 expression. Nrf2 activators blocked angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Vascular function demonstrated increased contractility (Emax WKY 113.4±5.6 versus SHRSP 159.0±8.3) and decreased endothelial-dependent relaxation (Emax WKY 88.6±3.1 versus SHRSP 74.6±3.2, P<0.05) in SHRSP, effects corrected by L-sulforaphane. Our findings suggest that Nrf2 downregulation contributes to redox-sensitive vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure A Lopes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Rita C Tostes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.).
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