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Low Oral Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents. Sex Transm Dis 2018; 43:501-2. [PMID: 27414681 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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152
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Mammas IN, Greenough A, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, Rusan M, Melidou A, Korovessi P, Papaioannou G, Papatheodoropoulou A, Koutsaftiki C, Liston M, Sourvinos G, Spandidos DA. Paediatric Virology and its interaction between basic science and clinical practice (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1165-1176. [PMID: 29328393 PMCID: PMC5819919 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3rd Workshop on Paediatric Virology, which took place on October 7th, 2017 in Athens, Greece, highlighted the role of breast feeding in the prevention of viral infections during the first years of life. Moreover, it focused on the long-term outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections in prematurely born infants and emphasised the necessity for the development of relevant preventative strategies. Other topics that were covered included the vaccination policy in relation to the migration crisis, mother‑to‑child transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses, vaccination against human papilloma viruses in boys and advances on intranasal live‑attenuated vaccination against influenza. Emphasis was also given to the role of probiotics in the management of viral infections in childhood, the potential association between viral infections and the pathogenesis of asthma, fetal and neonatal brain imaging and the paediatric intensive care of children with central nervous system viral infections. Moreover, an interesting overview of the viral causes of perinatal mortality in ancient Greece was given, where recent archaeological findings from the Athenian Agora's bone well were presented. Finally, different continuing medical educational options in Paediatric Virology were analysed and evaluated. The present review provides an update of the key topics discussed during the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N. Mammas
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Anne Greenough
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King’s College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- 1st Department of Paediatrics, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Maria Rusan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angeliki Melidou
- 2nd Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124
| | | | - Georgia Papaioannou
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, ‘Mitera’ Children’s Hospital, Athens 15123
| | | | - Chryssie Koutsaftiki
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), ‘Penteli’ Children’s Hospital, Penteli 15236, Greece
| | - Maria Liston
- Department of Anthropology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - George Sourvinos
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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153
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Hettmann A, Demcsák A, Bach Á, Decsi G, Dencs Á, Pálinkó D, Rovó L, Terhes G, Urbán E, Buzás K, Nagy K, Takács M, Minarovits J. Prevalence and genotypes of human papillomavirus in saliva and tumor samples of head and neck cancer patients in Hungary. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 59:99-106. [PMID: 29408738 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and betel nut use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection also plays a role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Although among European countries the highest incidence and mortality rates of head and neck cancer types were recorded in Hungary, data regarding HPV prevalence in HNSCCs is scarce. We collected biopsy and saliva samples from patients diagnosed with HNSCC or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and tested them for the presence of HPV using the PCR consensus primer set MY09/11 and the GP5+/6+ primer pair. HPV genotypes were assessed by sequencing of the amplified PCR fragments. Oral mucosa and saliva samples from tumor- and OPMD-free individuals were also analysed. HPV was detected in 11 out of 60 HNSCC samples (18%). All of the HPV positive tumors carried HPV type 16. 5 out of the 57 saliva samples collected from HNSCC patients was HPV positive (8.8%); among them, in addition to HPV16, HPV13 was also detected. Tumors located to the oropharynx had the highest HPV positivity rate with 50% (7 out of 14), which was significantly higher than the HPV prevalence in oral mucosa samples collected from controls (0 out of 20; p > 0.001) or in OPMD biopsies (0 out of 21, p > 0.001). 2 out of 57 control saliva samples (3.5%, subtype HPV13 and 11) and 3 out of 39 saliva samples from OPMD patients (7.7%, subtype HPV18, 81 and 10) were HPV positive. Our data suggested that HPV16 infection may contribute, in concert with cigarette smoking, to the development of a subset of head and neck cancers in Hungary. HPV16 infection per se does not account, however, for the high HNSCC incidence rate recorded in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hettmann
- Division of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Demcsák
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Decsi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dencs
- Division of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Pálinkó
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Rovó
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Buzás
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Takács
- Division of Virology, National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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154
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Hintze JM, O'Neill JP. Strengthening the case for gender-neutral and the nonavalent HPV vaccine. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:857-865. [PMID: 29327306 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight the benefits of gender-neutral and the nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccination. Human papillomavirus infection is the most commonly sexually transmitted disease and is known to cause several types of cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, oropharyngeal, anal, and rectal. 5% of cancers every year are attributable to human papillomavirus infection, with cervical cancer the most common and oropharyngeal cancer estimated to surpass the incidence of cervical cancer by 2020. METHODS PubMed and MEDLINE were searched using the following search terms: [(human papillomavirus OR HPV) AND (vaccine OR vaccination)] AND [(gardasil OR gardasil9 OR cervarix OR quadrivalent OR nonavalent OR ninevalent) OR (gender neutral OR male)]. RESULTS There are currently three different types of human papillomavirus vaccinations and range in cover from four to nine different strains known to cause human disease. Most countries currently only supply vaccination to females; however, recent data point towards both a personal benefit as well as a cost-effective population-based benefit with gender-neutral vaccination. Data from female vaccination only have shown the vaccine to be effective in preventing premalignant cervical lesions, and are believed to have the same effect for other human papillomavirus cancers. Male vaccination not only provides personal benefit but also has a "herd effect" for females by preventing the propagation of the virus. CONCLUSION Gender-neutral vaccination provides significant cost-effective benefits for preventing human papillomavirus-related diseases, and this effect is further enhanced by the use of the nonavalent vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Hintze
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - James P O'Neill
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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155
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Whiteside TL. Head and Neck Carcinoma Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6-13. [PMID: 28751445 PMCID: PMC5754223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck (HNC) is a heterogeneous disease of the upper aerodigestive tract, encompassing distinct histologic types, different anatomic sites, and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive as well as HPV-negative cancers. Advanced/recurrent HNCs have poor prognosis with low survival rates. Tumor-mediated inhibition of antitumor immune responses and a high mutational burden are common features of HNCs. Both are responsible for the successful escape of these tumors from the host immune system. HNCs evolve numerous mechanisms of evasion from immune destruction. These mechanisms are linked to genetic aberrations, so that HNCs with a high mutational load are also highly immunosuppressive. The tumor microenvironment of these cancers is populated by immune cells that are dysfunctional, inhibitory cytokines, and exosomes carrying suppressive ligands. Dysfunctional immune cells in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNC can be made effective by the delivery of immunotherapies in combination with conventional treatments. With many promising immune-based strategies available, the future of immune therapies in HNC is encouraging, especially as methods for genetic profiling and mapping the immune landscape of the tumor are being integrated into a personalized approach. Efficiency of immune therapies is expected to rapidly improve with the possibility for patients' selection based on personal immunogenomic profiles. Noninvasive biomarkers of response to therapy will be emerging as a better understanding of the various molecular signals co-opted by the tumors is gained. The emerging role of immunotherapy as a potentially beneficial addition to standard treatments for recurrent/metastatic HNC offers hope to the patients for whom no other therapeutic options exist. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 6-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Whiteside
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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156
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) comprises approximately 25% of all head and neck cancers (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC). Epidemiologic studies have shown a dramatic increase of HPV-OPSCC in the past 2 decades, whereas tobacco-related HNSCC rates are decreasing worldwide. The distinctions between HPV-OPSCC and oral cavity cancers are now reflected in the most recent editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Head and Neck and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, respectively. This review describes current understanding of the link between HPV infection and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Imai Tanaka
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Robert Schattner Center #215, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, 328B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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157
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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection With Multiple Genotypes in the United States. Sex Transm Dis 2017; 44:166-172. [PMID: 28178115 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with multiple genotypes in the United States. METHODS Data were from the nationally representative 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This analysis comprised 9257 participants for whom data on oral HPV (37 genotypes) and associated risk factors were available. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of multitype (2-6 types) oral HPV infection was 1.5% (2.5% for men, 0.4% for women) in the whole sample and 19.7% (22.0% for men, 12.1% for women) in those who had any type of oral HPV positivity. Most multitype oral HPV cases (83.8%) harbored one or more oncogenic types. In the adjusted multinominal logistic regression model, being male (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-8.65), being a current cigarette smoker (RRR = 2.57; 95% CI, 1.23-5.36), and having a new sex partner in the past year (RRR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03-4.28) were associated with an increased risk of multitype oral HPV infection over single-type HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS Men, smokers, and those who had new sexual partners were at a significantly higher risk for multitype oral HPV infection.
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158
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Chaturvedi AK, Graubard BI, Broutian T, Pickard RKL, Tong ZY, Xiao W, Kahle L, Gillison ML. Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on Oral HPV Infections Among Young Adults in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2017; 36:262-267. [PMID: 29182497 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen rapidly in recent decades among men in the United States. We investigated the US population-level effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV infection, the principal cause of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of men and women 18 to 33 years of age (N = 2,627) within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014, a representative sample of the US population. Oral HPV infection with vaccine types 16, 18, 6, or 11 was compared by HPV vaccination status, as measured by self-reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results Between 2011 and 2014, 18.3% of the US population 18 to 33 years of age reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine before the age of 26 years (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P < .001). The prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals (0.11% v 1.61%; Padj = .008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 98.5%) reduction in prevalence after model adjustment for age, sex, and race. Notably, the prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated men (0.0% v 2.13%; Padj = .007). Accounting for vaccine uptake, the population-level effect of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women, and 6.9% in men. Conclusion HPV vaccination was associated with reduction in vaccine-type oral HPV prevalence among young US adults. However, because of low vaccine uptake, the population-level effect was modest overall and particularly low in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chaturvedi
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tatevik Broutian
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert K L Pickard
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zhen-Yue Tong
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa Kahle
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Anil K. Chaturvedi and Barry I. Graubard, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Rockville; Lisa Kahle, Information Management Systems, Silver Spring, MD; Tatevik Broutian, Robert K.L. Pickard, Zhen-Yue Tong, and Weihong Xiao, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and Maura L. Gillison, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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159
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Osazuwa-Peters N, Massa ST, Simpson MC, Adjei Boakye E, Varvares MA. Survival of human papillomavirus-associated cancers: Filling in the gaps. Cancer 2017; 124:18-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; St. Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
- St. Louis University Cancer Center; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Sean T. Massa
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; St. Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Matthew C. Simpson
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; St. Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, St. Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Mark A. Varvares
- Otolaryngology, The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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160
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Osazuwa-Peters N, Simpson MC, Massa ST, Adjei Boakye E, Antisdel JL, Varvares MA. 40-year incidence trends for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the United States. Oral Oncol 2017; 74:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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161
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Wang CC, Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in the HIV-infected population. Oral Dis 2017; 22 Suppl 1:98-106. [PMID: 27109278 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus and an important etiologic factor in head and neck cancers. HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) compared with the general population. HPV-positive OPC are also increasingly a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected individuals in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy. The epidemiology and natural history of oral HPV infection have not been well established, but it appears that oral HPV infection is less common than anal infection, and more common among HIV-infected persons than the general population. Prevention of OPC is therefore increasingly important in HIV-infected individuals. Although not demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, HPV vaccination may prevent oral HPV infection as well. The focus of organized HPV cancer prevention programs should include prophylactic HPV vaccination to reduce the burden of high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV types who have not yet been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J M Palefsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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162
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Peacock ME, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:866-888. [PMID: 27630012 PMCID: PMC5352551 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient's immune-deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this review was to study the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peacock
- Associate Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology; Chair, Department of Periodontics, Associate Dean for Research, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University
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163
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Rollo F, Latini A, Pichi B, Colafigli M, Benevolo M, Sinopoli I, Sperduti I, Laquintana V, Fabbri G, Frasca M, Cristaudo A, Giuliani M, Donà MG. Prevalence and determinants of oral infection by Human Papillomavirus in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184623. [PMID: 28910359 PMCID: PMC5599005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is rare in the general population but common in high-risk individuals. Recent data indicate that oral HPV is associated with the development of head and neck carcinomas. HPV16 infection, in particular, increases the risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Methods We evaluated oral HPV prevalence and determinants of infection in cancer-free HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited among attendees of an STI/HIV centre. Oral rinse and gargles were collected using a mouthwash and analyzed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results Overall, 170 MSM participated: 98 HIV-uninfected and 72 HIV-infected (91.7% under cART). Oral HPV was detected in 17.3% and 27.8% of the subjects, respectively (p = 0.13). Non-carcinogenic HPVs were significantly more common among HIV-infected MSM (18.1% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.01). Prevalence of the HPV types included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was similar (6.1% vs. 8.3% for the HIV-negative and positive MSM, respectively, p = 0.76). HPV16 was the most frequent type in HIV-negative (5.1%), and HIV-positive individuals, in the latter group together with HPV18, 72 and 84 (4.2% each). Older age at first sex (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.17–13.86 for those older than 18 years of age at first intercourse, p = 0.027) and a higher lifetime number of receptive oral sex partners (AOR: 9.14, 95% CI: 2.49–33.62 for those with >50 compared to ≤50 partners, p<0.001) were determinants of oral HPV among HIV-infected MSM. Conclusion Oral HPV infection among MSM attending an urban STI center is very frequent compared to the general population. Sexual behavior appears to be the major determinant of infection among the HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sinopoli
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Laquintana
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mirabello L, Yeager M, Yu K, Clifford GM, Xiao Y, Zhu B, Cullen M, Boland JF, Wentzensen N, Nelson CW, Raine-Bennett T, Chen Z, Bass S, Song L, Yang Q, Steinberg M, Burdett L, Dean M, Roberson D, Mitchell J, Lorey T, Franceschi S, Castle PE, Walker J, Zuna R, Kreimer AR, Beachler DC, Hildesheim A, Gonzalez P, Porras C, Burk RD, Schiffman M. HPV16 E7 Genetic Conservation Is Critical to Carcinogenesis. Cell 2017; 170:1164-1174.e6. [PMID: 28886384 PMCID: PMC5674785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although most cervical human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infections become undetectable within 1-2 years, persistent HPV16 causes half of all cervical cancers. We used a novel HPV whole-genome sequencing technique to evaluate an exceptionally large collection of 5,570 HPV16-infected case-control samples to determine whether viral genetic variation influences risk of cervical precancer and cancer. We observed thousands of unique HPV16 genomes; very few women shared the identical HPV16 sequence, which should stimulate a careful re-evaluation of the clinical implications of HPV mutation rates, transmission, clearance, and persistence. In case-control analyses, HPV16 in the controls had significantly more amino acid changing variants throughout the genome. Strikingly, E7 was devoid of variants in precancers/cancers compared to higher levels in the controls; we confirmed this in cancers from around the world. Strict conservation of the 98 amino acids of E7, which disrupts Rb function, is critical for HPV16 carcinogenesis, presenting a highly specific target for etiologic and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Yanzi Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chase W Nelson
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tina Raine-Bennett
- Women's Health Research Institute, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sara Bass
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mia Steinberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Roberson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jason Mitchell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Lorey
- Regional Laboratory, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Philip E Castle
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joan Walker
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aimée R Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Beachler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; HealthCore Inc., Safety and Epidemiology, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), former Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Porras
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), former Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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165
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Ahn J, Peng S, Hung CF, Roden RBS, Best SR. Prophylactic immunization with human papillomavirus vaccines induces oral immunity in mice. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E16-E20. [PMID: 28868617 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although it has been shown that prophylactic vaccination can induce genital immunity, there is inadequate information on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-induced oral immunity, which is of particular interest due to HPV-associated oropharyngeal malignancies and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of various HPV vaccines against oral HPV pseudovirus (PsV) infection in mice. STUDY DESIGN Preclinical scientific investigation. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated three times at 2-week intervals with either Gardasil (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) (50 µL intramuscular injection) or a candidate pan-HPV L2 vaccine with alum adjuvant (25 µg subcutaneous injection). Additional mice were immunized with passive transfer of either Gardasil (Merck) human antisera or nonimmunized sera (100 µL intraperitoneal injection). All vaccinated and naïve control mice were then challenged with HPV16 E6E7 luciferase PsV in the oral mucosa. Visualization of HPV PsV infection was monitored through in vivo luciferase imaging. RESULTS Oral luciferase-expressing HPV16 PsV infection was not detected in Gardasil (Merck), L2 vaccine, and Gardasil (Merck) antisera-immunized mice, whereas robust luciferase expression was observed in all control mice. An in vitro neutralization assay from sera of Gardasil-vaccinated (Merck) mice confirmed that vaccine efficacy was due to neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION Oral HPV16 PsV infection in mice was completely prevented with all methods of prophylactic HPV immunization. These findings provide preliminary evidence that human vaccines induce protection against oral HPV infection, which has significant public health implications for HPV-associated oropharyngeal malignancies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E16-E20, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Simon R Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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166
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Novel Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention in Malignancies of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090113. [PMID: 28858212 PMCID: PMC5615328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the head and neck region are among the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are identified as precursor lesions to malignancy. Patients cured of an initial primary head and neck cancer are also susceptible to developing second primary tumors due to cancerization of their mucosal field. Multi-step acquisition of genetic mutations leading to tumorigenesis and development of invasive cancer has been previously described. Recently, whole exome sequencing of tumor specimens has helped to identify driver mutations in this disease. For these reasons, chemoprevention or the use of systemic or biologic agents to prevent carcinogenesis is an attractive concept in head and neck cancers. Nonetheless, despite extensive clinical research in this field over the past couple decades, no standard of care option has emerged. This review article reports on targeted interventions that have been attempted in clinical trials to date, and focuses on novel molecular pathways and drugs in development that are worthy of being tested for this indication as part of future endeavors.
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167
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Modelling multi-site transmission of the human papillomavirus and its impact on vaccination effectiveness. Epidemics 2017; 21:80-87. [PMID: 28916210 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous HPV models have only included genital transmission, when evidence suggests that transmission between several anatomical sites occurs. We compared model predictions of population-level HPV vaccination effectiveness against genital HPV16 infection in women, using a 1) uni-site (genital site), and a 2) multi-site model (genital and one extragenital site). METHODS We developed a uni-site and a multi-site deterministic HPV transmission model, assuming natural immunity was either site-specific or systemic. Both models were calibrated to genital HPV16 prevalence (5%-7.5%), whilst the multi-site model was calibrated to HPV16 prevalence representative of oral (0%-1%) and anal (1%-7.5%) sites. For each model, we identified 2500 parameter sets that fit endemic genital and extragenital prevalences within pre-specified target ranges. In the Base-case analysis, vaccination was girls-only with 40% coverage. Vaccine efficacy was 100% for all sites with lifetime protection. The outcome was the relative reduction in genital HPV16 prevalence among women at post-vaccination equilibrium (RRprev). RRprev was stratified by extragenital prevalence pre-vaccination. RESULTS Under assumptions of site-specific immunity, RRprev with the multi-site model was generally greater than with the uni-site model. Differences between the uni-site and multi-site models were greater when transmission from the extragenital site to the genital site was high. Under assumptions of systemic immunity, the multi-site and uni-site models yielded similar RRprev in the scenario without immunity after extragenital infection. In the scenario with systemic immunity after extragenital infection, the multi-site model yielded lower predictions of RRprev than the uni-site model. CONCLUSIONS Modelling genital-site only transmission may overestimate vaccination impact if extragenital infections contribute to systemic natural immunity or underestimate vaccination impact if a high proportion of genital infections originate from extragenital infections. Under current understanding of heterosexual HPV transmission and immunity, a substantial bias from using uni-site models in predicting vaccination effectiveness against genital HPV infection is unlikely to occur.
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168
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Berger MH, Cohen ER, Shamrock AG, Chan B, Camp M, Lo K, Sargi ZB. Assessment of human papillomavirus awareness in association with head and neck cancer at a screening event. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:386-392. [PMID: 28688192 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To assess the baseline awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as a cause of head and neck cancer (HNC) to design improved targeted screening and education efforts. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of collected survey at a cancer screening event. METHODS This was a screening event at three hospitals and one community center in Miami, Florida. Participants were recruited throughout the Greater Miami area. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics of those who were aware of HPV and those who were not. Adjusted odds ratios, odds ratios, and χ2 tests were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 196 women and 112 men were screened across four sites, with 187 participants at hospital-based events and 124 participants at the community-based event. Forty percent of respondents had heard of HPV, and 28.0% identified HPV as a risk factor for HNC. Non-Hispanic and Hispanic respondents were 3.309 and 2.445 times, respectively, more likely than Haitian respondents to have heard of HPV. Women were 2.488 times more likely than men to be aware of HPV. College graduates were 2.268 times more likely than those with less than a college degree to be aware of HPV. Younger respondents were more likely to be aware of HPV. Of those who identified HPV as a risk factor for HNC, 95.4% also correctly identified smoking and 75.9% also correctly identified alcohol as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in HPV and HNC awareness were noted between gender, age, education level, and ethnicity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:386-392, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Berger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Erin R Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Alan G Shamrock
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Brandon Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Michelle Camp
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Kaming Lo
- University of Miami, and the Division of Biostatistics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Zoukaa B Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
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Beachler DC, Kuhs KAL, Struijk L, Schussler J, Herrero R, Porras C, Hildesheim A, Cortes B, Sampson J, Quint W, Gonzalez P, Kreimer AR. The Natural History of Oral Human Papillomavirus in Young Costa Rican Women. Sex Transm Dis 2017; 44:442-449. [PMID: 28608796 PMCID: PMC6299456 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related oropharyngeal cancer are uncommon in lower-income countries, particularly compared to HPV-associated cervical cancer. However, little is known about the natural history of oral HPV in less-developed settings and how it compares to the natural history of cervical HPV. METHODS Three hundred fifty women aged 22 to 33 years from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial provided exfoliated cells from the cervical and oral regions at 2 visits 2 years apart. Samples from both visits were tested for 25 characterized α HPV types by the SPF10 PCR-DNA enzyme immunoassay-LiPA25 version 1 system. Risk factors for oral HPV persistence were calculated utilizing generalized estimating equations with a logistic link. RESULTS Among the 82 women with characterized α oral HPV DNA detected at baseline, 14 persisted and were detected 2 years later (17.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-28.5%) and was similar to the persistence of α cervical HPV (40/223; 17.7%; 95% CI, 13.1-23.9%; P = 0.86). Acquisition of new α oral HPV type was low; incident infection (1.7%; 95% CI, 0.6-3.7%). CONCLUSIONS Oral HPV DNA is uncommon in young women in Latin America, and often appears to clear within a few years at similar rates to cervical HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Beachler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Krystle A. Lang Kuhs
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Linda Struijk
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carolina Porras
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Costa Rica
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bernal Cortes
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Costa Rica
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wim Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, Costa Rica
| | - Aimée R. Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: An Update on Current Clinical Developments in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapies. Drugs 2017; 77:843-857. [PMID: 28382569 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) will present with locally advanced disease, requiring multimodality therapy. Despite this curative approach, a significant subset of these patients will develop locoregional failure and/or distant metastases. Despite significant progress in the treatment and subsequent prognosis of locally advanced HNSCC, the prognosis of those patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC is poor, with short-lived responses to palliative chemotherapy and few therapeutic agents available. The discovery of the integral role of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, coupled with emerging data on the role of tumor evasion of the immune system, has opened new pathways in the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of R/M HNSCC. As a result, cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), are now US Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of R/M HNSCC. This review will detail the data supporting the use of these agents, as well as clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of other novel and promising drugs.
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171
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Adjei Boakye E, Tobo BB, Osazuwa-Peters N, Mohammed KA, Geneus CJ, Schootman M. A Comparison of Parent- and Provider-Reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination of Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:742-752. [PMID: 27890518 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is considerable effort at the state and national levels to monitor human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and understand the factors that influence who gets vaccinated. Accurate measurement of vaccination coverage is critical for monitoring HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine comparability between parent- and provider-reported HPV vaccination status for a sample of adolescents in the U.S. METHODS Data from the 2014 National Immunization Survey-Teen were analyzed in 2016 for 20,827 adolescents. Information on HPV vaccine uptake (initiation [one or more dose] and completion [three or more doses]) was obtained using parental (recall) and provider reports (electronic medical records). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and κ-coefficient were computed to determine how comparable parental and provider (ref group) reports were for HPV vaccination. RESULTS Prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation was comparable between parental and provider report (51.3% vs 50.0%) and for completion (30.7% vs 27.3%). Compared with provider report, parent-reported HPV vaccine initiation had high sensitivity (86.0%), specificity (87.4%), PPV (87.5%), NPV (85.9%), and acceptable κ-coefficient (0.73). Compared with provider report, parent-reported HPV vaccine completion had a sensitivity of 71.5%, specificity of 91.1%, PPV of 78.5%, NPV of 87.6%, and κ-coefficient of 0.64. Similar characteristics-adolescent age, sex, number of doctor visits, and region-were associated with HPV vaccine uptake using parental and provider reports. CONCLUSIONS Parental recall is comparable to provider report in monitoring HPV vaccine uptake for adolescents, although parental recall is less comparable for HPV vaccine completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Adjei Boakye
- Saint Louis University Center for Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Betelihem B Tobo
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis, Missouri; Saint Louis University Cancer Center, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kahee A Mohammed
- Saint Louis University Center for Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Christian J Geneus
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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172
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De Socio GV, Bidovanets O, Tomassini GM, Fanelli L, Simonetti S. Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Lips Verrucous Carcinoma in HIV-Infected Male. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16:324-326. [PMID: 28565927 DOI: 10.1177/2325957417711255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, widely known as the necessary cause of cervical cancer, has been established as a major etiologic factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk of HPV-associated cancers than the general population. We describe a 45-year-old man with HIV and HPV coinfection, who presented progressively enlarging verrucous neoformations of the lips. The final diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma was delayed. Early detection of HPV lesions in oral mucosa and HPV screening activities could be important in improving the diagnostic sensitivity for the HIV-infected patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Olena Bidovanets
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Dermatovenerology I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Gian Marco Tomassini
- 3 Department of Dermatology, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Fanelli
- 4 Residential Care Facility, "D. Dante Savini", Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Simonetti
- 3 Department of Dermatology, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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173
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Mifsud M, Eskander A, Irish J, Gullane P, Gilbert R, Brown D, de Almeida JR, Urbach DR, Goldstein DP. Evolving trends in head and neck cancer epidemiology: Ontario, Canada 1993-2010. Head Neck 2017; 39:1770-1778. [PMID: 28557276 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the dramatic changes in global head and neck cancer epidemiology, the purpose of this study was to present the findings of our investigation on patterns of head and neck cancer incidence/survival within the province of Ontario, Canada. METHODS Temporal variations in age/sex adjusted incidence and survival were analyzed for all incident head and neck cancer cases (n = 20 781) managed within Ontario from 1993-2010. RESULTS From 1993-2010, the incidence of oropharyngeal (average annual percentage change [AAPC] 4.56%; P < .001) and salivary gland (AAPC 4.99%; P < .001) carcinomas increased, whereas oral cavity (AAPC -1.44%; P < .001) and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal (AAPC -3.20%; P < .001) carcinomas declined, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remained static (AAPC 0.28%; P = .72). A general trend for improved 5-year overall survival (OS), was observed for all tumor sites. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest a simultaneous decline in tobacco-associated and increase in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated carcinomas. The rising incidence of salivary malignancy and improvement in 5-year OS are novel findings, in need of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mifsud
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Gullane
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Gilbert
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dale Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Urbach
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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174
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Mourad M, Jetmore T, Jategaonkar AA, Moubayed S, Moshier E, Urken ML. Epidemiological Trends of Head and Neck Cancer in the United States: A SEER Population Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:2562-2572. [PMID: 28618252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study represents the most recent epidemiologic trends of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the United States. It provides an important discussion on oropharyngeal cancer and cancers related to the human papillomavirus. The objective was to identify trends in HNC (2002 to 2012) within the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) submission. Using the November 2014 submission of the SEER database and SEER-18 data files, data from 2002 to 2012 were analyzed to determine the most recent epidemiologic trends. HNCs of all subtypes were analyzed together. Laryngeal cancers were further analyzed separately. Oropharyngeal cancers of the base of tongue and tonsil were analyzed independently to attempt to trend HPV-related cancers. RESULTS From 2002 to 2012, there were 149,301 cases of HNC recorded in the SEER database. The HNC rate decreased by 0.22% per year (P = .0549) and the rate of laryngeal cancer decreased by 1.9% per year (P < .0001). The rate of oropharyngeal (HPV-related) cancer increased by 2.5% per year (P < .0001). HNC rates increased significantly in Kentucky and Connecticut and decreased in California (P < .05). HPV-related cancers increased significantly in all states except Georgia, Hawaii, and Michigan (P < .05). Laryngeal cancer rates decreased in California, Georgia, New Jersey, and New Mexico (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The overall incidence of HNC is decreasing in the United States. There is an increasing incidence of HPV-related cancers of the oropharynx. Meaningful differences in cancer incidence and rate of change exist between men and women. Furthermore, younger groups have a greater decrease of overall HNC, with an overall increase in HPV-related cancer in patients older than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Mourad
- Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Jetmore
- Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ameya A Jategaonkar
- Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Sami Moubayed
- Fellow, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erin Moshier
- Senior Biostatistician, Department of Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mark L Urken
- Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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175
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Hirth JM, Chang M, Resto VA. Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus by vaccination status among young adults (18-30years old). Vaccine 2017; 35:3446-3451. [PMID: 28526331 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may protect against oral HPV infection, no current research has demonstrated this in the general population. METHODS We used repeated cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2014. Participants 18-30years who indicated whether they had received the HPV vaccine and provided an adequate oral sample were included (N=3040). Oral HPV types were grouped by vaccine-type (types 6, 11, 16, 18) and by risk (high or low risk). Chi-square analyses compared oral HPV prevalence by vaccination status. RESULTS Vaccinated adults had a lower prevalence of vaccine-type oral HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) compared to unvaccinated adults. Prevalence of non-vaccine high-risk oral HPV was similar between HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination appears to provide protection against vaccine-type oral HPV infection among males and females in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Hirth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States.
| | - Mihyun Chang
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
| | - Vicente A Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
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176
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Harper DM, DeMars LR. HPV vaccines - A review of the first decade. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:196-204. [PMID: 28442134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-adolescent girls (9-15years) have the option of receiving a two dose HPV vaccine series at either a six month or one year interval to provide protection from HPV 16, the most prevalent type associated with cervical cancers, as well as several other less prevalent types. This series of vaccinations is highly likely to protect her from HPV infection until she enters the routine screening program, whether that be primary HPV testing or a combination of HPV testing and cytology. The two dose program has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2015. For women 15years and older, the three dose vaccine schedule is still recommended. The past ten years of Gardasil use has provided evidence of reduced HPV 16/18 infections in countries where there has been high coverage. Gardasil9 has replaced Gardasil. Gardasil9 has the same rapid anti-HPV 18 and HPV45 titer loss as Gardasil did. Cervarix remains equivalent to Gardasil9 in the prevention of HPV infections and precancers of any HPV type; Cervarix also has demonstrated sustained high antibody titers for at least 10years. One dose of Cervarix provides protection against HPV 16/18 infection with robust antibody titers well above natural infection titers. This may offer the easiest and most cost effective vaccination program over time, especially in low and lower middle income countries. Cervical cancer screening must continue to control cancer incidence over the upcoming decades. Future studies of prophylactic HPV vaccines, as defined by the WHO, must demonstrate protection against six month type specific persistent infections, not actual cervical cancer precursor disease endpoints, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). This simplifies and makes less expensive future comparative studies between existing and new generic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Harper
- School of Medicine, Departments of Family and Geriatric Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Speed School of Engineering, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Population Health, Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Leslie R DeMars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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177
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Mirghani H, Jung AC, Fakhry C. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of human papillomavirus-driven head and neck cancers. Eur J Cancer 2017; 78:105-115. [PMID: 28437708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) represent an increasing proportion of head and neck cancers that could become, in the next few decades, a public health problem in certain western countries. This significant epidemiological change strongly calls for preventive measures. Prophylactic HPV vaccination and screening programmes for early identification and treatment of premalignant lesions are currently being used to reduce the incidence of uterine cervical cancer, which is the paradigm of HPV-driven malignancy. These strategies have proven to be efficient as the incidence of cervical cancer has dramatically dropped since the 1960s in most countries where they are properly applied. The success of cervical cancer prevention encourages the development of similar approaches to prevent HPV-driven OPCs. However, a number of important limitations impede their application to HPV-driven OPCs, and the development of innovative and specific strategies dedicated to this disease are urgently needed. This article provides an overview on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of HPV-driven OPC and discusses some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïtham Mirghani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, France.
| | - Alain C Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA 3430 Université de Strasbourg, CLCC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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178
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Abstract
Our objective was to compare archived tissue biopsy samples from the oral cavity and oropharynx, in terms of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection. We used Taqman real-time PCR assay to detect HPV16 in 121 archived biopsy samples from the oral cavity and 100 samples from the oropharynx. Among patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC), 9% (6/65) had HPV16 infection which was significantly less than those with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) where 79% (39/50) were HPV16 positive (P < 0.001). Our results demonstrated a significant difference between genders where males had a seven times higher chance of having HPV16 infection (P < 0.001). Viral load variation between each group was demonstrated. The median viral load in OPC was similar in OCC cases, but cancer samples were significantly higher than in non-cancer cases (oral cavity samples P = 0.015; oropharynx samples P = 0.09). From our results, we conclude that there is a significant difference in HPV16 detection between OCC and OPC, and HPV16 differs greatly between male and female cancer patients. (J Oral Sci 58, 265-269, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Dang
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington
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179
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Guangxue C, Xiaolei G, Xinhua L. [Role of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:187-191. [PMID: 28682551 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of cervical cancers. Over the past several decades, increasing number of studies established strong association of HPV with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). In the present study, we reviewed evidence, including epidemiology, carcinogens, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, showing that HPV-positive HNSCCs exhibit a variety of distinct characteristics for understanding tumor biology and improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guangxue
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Gao Xiaolei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xinhua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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180
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Berman TA, Schiller JT. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: One cause, two diseases. Cancer 2017; 123:2219-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. Berman
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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181
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CE: Human Papillomavirus-Related Oral Cancers: The Nurse's Role in Mitigating Stigma and Dispelling Myths. Am J Nurs 2017; 117:34-39. [PMID: 28030405 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000511541.38888.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oral cancers has been rising, the cancers occurring in adults at a younger age than HPV-negative oral cancers typically do and in men more often than women. Patients who are diagnosed often don't understand the disease's etiology. Because HPV is sexually transmitted, diagnosis with an HPV-related oral cancer may prompt feelings of shame, embarrassment, and guilt. There are currently three vaccines for HPV. It's essential for nurses to educate patients on HPV transmission and HPV-related oral cancer, thus helping to mitigate the stigma and dispel myths, and to promote vaccination in at-risk populations, including children and young adults.
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182
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Hirschhorn J, Welsh KJ, Zhao Z, Davis MR, Feldman S. Human Papillomavirus and Its Testing Assays, Cervical Cancer Screening, and Vaccination. Adv Clin Chem 2017. [PMID: 28629588 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) was found to be the causative agent for cervical cancer in the 1980s with almost 100% of cervical cancer cases testing positive for HPV. Since then, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular basis of HPV, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of the virus, and the risk factors for HPV infection. Traditionally, the Papanicolaou test was the primary screening method for cervical cancer. Because of the discovery and evolving understanding of the role of HPV in cervical dysplasia, HPV testing has been recommended as a new method for cervical cancer screening by major professional organizations including the American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology. In order to detect HPV infections, many sensitive and specific HPV assays have been developed and used clinically. Different HPV assays with various principles have shown their unique advantages and limitations. In response to a clear causative relationship between high-risk HPV and cervical cancer, HPV vaccines have been developed which utilize virus-like particles to create an antibody response for the prevention of HPV infection. The vaccines have been shown in long-term follow-up studies to be effective for up to 8 years; however, how this may impact screening for vaccinated women remains uncertain. In this chapter, we will review the molecular basis of HPV, its pathogenesis, and the epidemiology of HPV infection and associated cervical cancer, discuss the methods of currently available HPV testing assays as well as recent guidelines for HPV screening, and introduce HPV vaccines as well as their impact on cervical cancer screening and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhu
- Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Yun Wang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Julie Hirschhorn
- Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kerry J Welsh
- National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle R Davis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Feldman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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183
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Grün N, Mbuya W, Ternhag A, Ramqvist T, Ahlberg A, Jangard M, Dalianis T, Hammarstedt-Nordenvall L. Human papillomavirus prevalence in mouthwashes of patients undergoing tonsillectomy shows dominance of HPV69, without the corresponding finding in the tonsils. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:588-593. [PMID: 28293975 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC) is of interest, since a considerable proportion of TSCC in Sweden and other Western countries is HPV positive. Nevertheless, the natural history of HPV in normal tonsils, and the progression from localized infection to pre-malignant lesion to cancer are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HPV types found in mouthwash samples correlated to those in tonsillar tissue from the same individuals undergoing tonsillectomy. METHODS Mouthwash samples from 232 patients, aged 3-56 years, undergoing tonsillectomy, the majority with chronic tonsillitis, were collected at the time of surgery and analysed for the presence of 27 HPV types by a bead based multiplex assay. RESULTS An HPV prevalence of 10.3% (24/232) was observed in mouthwash samples, with HPV 69 being the dominant type (10/24). Ten patients were positive for high risk HPV (HPV 16, 33, 35, 45, 56, 59). None of the tonsils resected from patients with HPV-positive mouthwash samples were positive for HPV. CONCLUSIONS Despite an oral HPV prevalence of 10.3% in mouthwash samples from tonsillectomized patients, with dominance of HPV 69, none of the corresponding tonsillar samples exhibited the presence of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grün
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Wilbert Mbuya
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anders Ternhag
- b Department of Medicine Solna , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alexander Ahlberg
- c Capio ENT Globen and CFTK , Capio Specialist Clinics , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mattias Jangard
- d ENT Unit, Research Laboratory , Sophiahemmet University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lalle Hammarstedt-Nordenvall
- e Department of Clinical Sciences and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,f Department of ENT , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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184
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Guo T, Goldenberg D, Fakhry C. AHNS series: Do you know your guidelines? Management of head and neck cancer in the era of human papillomavirus: Educating our patients on human papillomavirus. Head Neck 2017; 39:833-839. [PMID: 28263449 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has changed the face of head and neck cancer over the past 2 decades. No longer is this solely a disease of older patients with a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol use. Patients with HPV-related head and neck cancers tend to be younger, healthier, and have an improved prognosis, compared with those with HPV-negative tumors. As more patients are diagnosed with HPV-related head and neck cancer, physicians have important topics to consider. These include prevalence, transmission, and natural history of HPV, the role of screening, vaccines, and HPV testing in head and neck cancer. This article continues a series developed by the American Head and Neck Society's Education Committee entitled "Do you know your guidelines?" and is intended to provide guidance for navigating common questions and concerns patients may have about HPV infection and HPV-related head and neck cancer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 833-839, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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185
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Jiang S, Dong Y. Human papillomavirus and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of HPV-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma and possible strategies for future. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:323-327. [PMID: 28416242 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Besides tobacco use and alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has also been identified as a risk factor for OSCC recently. The OSCC incidence has increased in recent years, especially among younger women. The purpose of this article is to review clinical and epidemiological studies on the association between HPV infection and OSCCs, and the efficacy of HPV vaccine, so as to provide possible policy implications for preventing HPV-positive OSCC. It is necessary to review the present related body of knowledge to determine whether the association between HPV infection and OSCC has been thoroughly studied. The study was based on literature review. Studies were identified using electronic databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, etc. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on consultation from a panel of experts in this area and carefully designed. Based on a systematic review of literatures, HPV infection is a possible cause for the incidence of HPV-positive OSCCs. The prevalence of HPV infection possibly contributed to the increasing trends of HPV-positive OSCCs. Oral HPV infection is a form of HPV transmission. Oral sex behaviors and open-mouthed kissing are probably reasons for oral HPV infection. We also have some epidemiological evidences proving that HPV vaccine provides a possible solution for preventing oral HPV infection. Increased awareness of HPV-positive OSCCs is essential due to the severity of this problem. Biological and epidemiological data regarding the link between sexual behavior and HPV-associated cancers indicate a probable connection, although definitive data are needed. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of how HPV infection causes HPV-positive OSCCs, whether HPV vaccine provides a prevention for OSCCs, and other important issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Yong Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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186
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Aldalwg MAH, Brestovac B. Human Papillomavirus Associated Cancers of the Head and Neck: An Australian Perspective. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:377-384. [PMID: 28176136 PMCID: PMC5550398 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), have become a serious global health problem. Despite decreases in HPV-negative HNSCCs, the prevalence of HPV-positive HNSCCs has significantly increased. HPV-positive cancers are associated with superior survival outcomes when compared to HPV-negative cancers, which appears likely to be associated with differences in the molecular pathogenesis of the two diseases. While therapies are still problematic, the current HPV vaccine programs hold a promise for the primary prevention of HPV-related HNSCCs and since Australia was the first to introduce a nationwide HPV vaccine program, it is in a unique position to observe the effects of the vaccine on HNSCCs. This review discusses the epidemiological trends associated with HPV in HNSCC, with reference to the differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs and the prevention potential of HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Abbas Hassan Aldalwg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Building 308, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
| | - Brian Brestovac
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Building 308, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102 Australia
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187
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Joura EA, Pils S. Vaccines against human papillomavirus infections: protection against cancer, genital warts or both? Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 22 Suppl 5:S125-S127. [PMID: 28034371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2006, three vaccines against infections and disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) became available in Europe-in 2006 a quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine, in 2007 a bivalent HPV 16/18 vaccine and in 2015 a nonavalent HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 vaccine. HPV 16 and 18 are the most oncogenic HPV strains, causing about 70% of cervical and other HPV-related cancers, HPV 6 and 11 cause 85% of all genital warts. The additional types of the polyvalent vaccine account for about 20% of invasive cervical cancer and >35% of pre-cancer. The potential differences between these vaccines caused some debate. All three vaccines give a robust and long-lasting protection against the strains in the various vaccines. The promise of cross-protection against other types (i.e. HPV 31/33/45) and hence a broader cancer protection was not fulfilled because these observations were confounded by the vaccine efficacy against the vaccine types. Furthermore, cross-protection was not consistent over various studies, not durable and not consistently seen in the real world experience. The protection against disease caused by oncogenic HPV strains was not compromised by the protection against low-risk types causing genital warts. The most effective cancer protection to date can be expected by the nonavalent vaccine, data indicate a 97% efficacy against cervical and vulvovaginal pre-cancer caused by these nine HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Joura
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Pils
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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188
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Lupato V, Holzinger D, Höfler D, Menegaldo A, Giorgi Rossi P, Del Mistro A, Da Mosto MC, Pawlita M, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Prevalence and Determinants of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection in 500 Young Adults from Italy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170091. [PMID: 28103272 PMCID: PMC5245874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in developed countries and becoming a relevant health issue, the natural history of oral HPV infection is still unclear. Estimating the infection's prevalence in specific populations and identifying risk factors can widen our understanding of its natural history and help to delineate appropriate prevention strategies. This study sought to (i) determine oral HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in a large series of young Italian adults, (ii) validate an oral rinse sampling/storage protocol, and (iii) pinpoint factors associated with oral HPV infection. Five hundred students, nurses, and technicians (19-35 years-old) studying and working at/for the University of Padua were recruited. Each participant was provided with an oral rinse sampling kit and instructions for use. They were also asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire concerning their demographic characteristics and behaviors. The questionnaires and oral rinse containers were labeled with the same identification code number. The oral rinse samples were tested using a bead-based multiplex BSGP5+/6+-MPG genotyping assay which amplifies the L1 region of 51 mucosal HPV types. The prevalence of oral HPV infection was 4.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5%-6.1%); those of 14 high-risk HPV types and of HPV-type 16 (HPV16) infection were 2.2% (95% CI, 1.1%-3.9%) and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.6%-3.1%), respectively. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype (40.0% of oral HPV infections). No association was found between oral infection and the co-variables studied (gender, tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug use, number of sex and oral sex partners, HPV vaccination status, history of HPV and sexually transmitted infections, abnormal pap smears, recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillectomy). The oral rinse sampling protocol outlined here proved to be simple, efficient and well tolerated, and the prevalence rate can be considered reliable and thus useful to guide future research. Determinants of oral HPV infection are still unclear and further studies are certainly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lupato
- Department of Neurosciences, Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera “S. Maria degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Höfler
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Interinstitutional Epidemiology Unit, Local Health Authority, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Del Mistro
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto—IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
- * E-mail:
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189
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Mariani L, Preti M, Cristoforoni P, Stigliano CM, Perino A. Overview of the benefits and potential issues of the nonavalent HPV vaccine. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 136:258-265. [PMID: 28087890 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HPV-related diseases affect anogenital and oropharyngeal regions, heavily affecting the psychosexual dimension of both male and female individuals. HPV vaccination programs based on a bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine have opened broad perspectives for primary prevention. A nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV), covering nine genotypes (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52, and HPV58), might provide further improvement in terms of direct protection. In the present report, efficacy and safety data from 9vHPV vaccine development programs are examined. Efficacy data come from a pivotal trial, which was conducted among women aged 16-26 years randomly assigned to receive either the 9vHPV or the quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV) vaccine. The 9vHPV vaccine was shown to have potential benefits as compared with 4vHPV, increasing the overall estimated rate of prevention to 90% for cervical cancer and up to 80% for precancerous cervical lesions. For all other HPV-related pre-invasive and invasive lesions, 9vHPV showed potentially greater disease reduction, depending on the anatomic region examined. Thus, the 9vHPV vaccine shows clinical potential for the prevention of HPV-related diseases in both sexes. Future adoption of 9vHPV will depend on factors including market price, cost-effectiveness data, use of a two-dose schedule, and safety and efficacy monitoring in real-life programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Mariani
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, HPV-Unit, Gynecologic Oncology, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlo M Stigliano
- Unità Ospedaliera Complessa Ginecologia Preventiva, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Cosenza, Castrovillari, Italy
| | - Antonio Perino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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190
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Oliveira LHS, Santos LS, Silva CO, Augusto EF, Neves FPG. Papillomavirus infections in the oral and genital mucosa of asymptomatic women. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:88-91. [PMID: 27816418 PMCID: PMC9425493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found in several regions of the body, including the oral cavity. Recently, this virus has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer, but little is known about HPV transmission to the oral cavity. We carried out a study to investigate concurrent oral and cervical infections in 76 asymptomatic women attending a healthcare program. Demographic and behavior data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Oral and cervical mucosa scrapings were collected and stored for DNA extraction. HPV DNA amplification was performed by polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) using both primers My09/My11 and FAP59/64, followed by HPV typing with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing. The data collected revealed no risk factors for HPV infection in these 76 women. HPV prevalence of 9.2 and 5.3% was found in cervical and oral mucosa, respectively. Concurrent infections by discordant types were detected in one case only. Sequencing procedures allowed us to detect a new putative HPV 17 subtype from the Betapapillomavirus genus. Our results support the view that cervical and oral HPV infections are independent events. The observed low prevalence of both oral and cervical HPV infections could be associated with attendance in a healthcare program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledy Horto Santos Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Silva Santos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everton Faccini Augusto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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191
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Abstract
HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), more specifically the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, is dramatically increasing in industrialized countries. According to what has been learned from anogenital vaccination programs, there are reasons to believe that current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations may be potentially effective also against HNSCC. However, before specific results on HNSCC are available, one must keep in mind that carcinogenesis in the head and neck region may differ from that of the anogenital tract. Furthermore, the current evidence supports the view that HPV infection is much more complex than simply a sexually transmitted disease. HPV is present in the semen, placenta and in the newborns, and these infections of the newborns create cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against HPV, including the T memory cells. Acquisition of HPV infection in early life will rise new series of questions in the field of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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192
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El-Bayoumy K, Chen KM, Zhang SM, Sun YW, Amin S, Stoner G, Guttenplan JB. Carcinogenesis of the Oral Cavity: Environmental Causes and Potential Prevention by Black Raspberry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:126-144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department
of Pathology, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | | | | | - Gary Stoner
- Department
of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Joseph B. Guttenplan
- Department
of Basic Science, and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, United States
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193
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Walvik L, Svensson AB, Friborg J, Lajer CB. The association between human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal squamous cell Carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 63:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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194
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Conway DI, Robertson C, Gray H, Young L, McDaid LM, Winter AJ, Campbell C, Pan J, Kavanagh K, Kean S, Bhatia R, Cubie H, Clarkson JE, Bagg J, Pollock KG, Cuschieri K. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Oral Prevalence in Scotland (HOPSCOTCH): A Feasibility Study in Dental Settings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165847. [PMID: 27861508 PMCID: PMC5115665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of undertaking a full population investigation into the prevalence, incidence, and persistence of oral Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Scotland via dental settings. Male and female patients aged 16–69 years were recruited by Research Nurses in 3 primary care and dental outreach teaching centres and 2 General Dental Practices (GDPs), and by Dental Care Teams in 2 further GDPs. Participants completed a questionnaire (via an online tablet computer or paper) with socioeconomic, lifestyle, and sexual history items; and were followed up at 6-months for further questionnaire through appointment or post/online. Saline oral gargle/rinse samples, collected at baseline and follow-up, were subject to molecular HPV genotyping centrally. 1213 dental patients were approached and 402 individuals consented (participation rate 33.1%). 390 completed the baseline questionnaire and 380 provided a baseline oral specimen. Follow-up rate was 61.6% at 6 months. While recruitment was no different in Research Nurse vs Dental Care Team models the Nurse model ensured more rapid recruitment. There were relatively few missing responses in the questionnaire and high levels of disclosure of risk behaviours (99% answered some of the sexual history questions). Data linkage of participant data to routine health records including HPV vaccination data was successful with 99.1% matching. Oral rinse/gargle sample collection and subsequent HPV testing was feasible. Preliminary analyses found over 95% of samples to be valid for molecular HPV detection prevalence of oral HPV infection of 5.5% (95%CI 3.7, 8.3). It is feasible to recruit and follow-up dental patients largely representative / reflective of the wider population, suggesting it would be possible to undertake a study to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and determinants of oral HPV infection in dental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris Robertson
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Gray
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Young
- NHS Education for Scotland, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M. McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Winter
- Sandyford Sexual Health Services, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jiafeng Pan
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Kavanagh
- Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Kean
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ramya Bhatia
- Human Papillomavirus Research Group, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Cubie
- Human Papillomavirus Research Group, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E. Clarkson
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bagg
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G. Pollock
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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195
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Herberhold S, Hellmich M, Panning M, Bartok E, Silling S, Akgül B, Wieland U. Human polyomavirus and human papillomavirus prevalence and viral load in non-malignant tonsillar tissue and tonsillar carcinoma. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 206:93-103. [PMID: 27832373 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an acknowledged cause of a subset of oropharyngeal cancers, especially of tonsillar cancer. Similar to HPV, some human polyomaviruses (HPyVs), such as Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), have an oncogenic potential. Recently, several novel HPyVs have been discovered. The aim of our study was to determine viral DNA prevalence and viral DNA load of 13 different HPyVs in benign and malignant tonsillar tissue and to compare the data with those found for HPV. A total of 78 biopsies of palatine tonsils with a histologic diagnosis of non-malignant disease (chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar hyperplasia, n = 40) or tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (n = 38) were included in the study. HPyV DNA prevalence and viral load were determined by virus-specific quantitative real-time PCRs. JCPyV (1/40, 2.5%) and WUPyV (3/40, 7.5%) were only found in non-malignant tonsillar tissue. HPyV7 and HPyV10 were only detected in one (2.6%) and seven (18.4%) of the 38 cancer biopsies, respectively. Both MCPyV (8/38, 21.1 vs. 4/40, 10.0%) and HPyV6 (2/38, 5.3 vs. 1/40, 2.5%) were found more frequently in cancer samples than in non-malignant tissue, but the differences were not significant. BKPyV, KIPyV, TSPyV, HPyV9, STLPyV, HPyV12 and NJPyV were not discovered in any of the samples. HPyV loads found in HPyV DNA-positive biopsies were very low with no difference between non-malignant and malignant samples (median load <0.0001 HPyV DNA copies per beta-globin gene copy, respectively). In contrast to HPyV, high-risk HPV types (HPV16/HPV18) were found significantly more frequently in tonsillar cancers than in non-malignant tonsillar tissue (17/38, 44.7 vs. 2/40, 5.0%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, high-risk HPV DNA loads were significantly higher in the cancer compared to the non-malignant samples (median load 11.861 vs. 7 × 10-6 HPV DNA copies per beta-globin gene copy, p = 0.012). While both HPV and HPyV may persist in tonsillar tissue, our data on HPyV DNA prevalence and load do not support a role of HPyV in tonsillar carcinogenesis, neither alone nor as co-infecting agents of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Herberhold
- ENT Department, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,ENT Department, Johanniter-Kliniken Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffi Silling
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Wieland
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany
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196
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Skinner SR, Apter D, De Carvalho N, Harper DM, Konno R, Paavonen J, Romanowski B, Roteli-Martins C, Burlet N, Mihalyi A, Struyf F. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:367-87. [PMID: 26902666 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1124763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are available against human papillomavirus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical and other cancers. Efficacy data from the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine clinical trial program were reviewed. Six randomized, controlled phase II/III trials evaluating cervical endpoints enrolled women from diverse populations and geographical locations. The program analyzed extensively the cohorts most relevant from a public health perspective: the total vaccinated cohort (TVC), approximating a general population including those with existing or previous HPV infection, and TVC-naïve, approximating a population of young women before sexual debut. Results show that the vaccine reduces HPV-16/18 infection and associated cervical endpoints in women regardless of age, location, or sexual experience. It provides cross-protection against some non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types and types causing genital warts, and may be effective against vulvar, oral, and anal HPV infection. Early epidemiology data following its introduction suggest a decline in the prevalence of vaccine and some non-vaccine HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rachel Skinner
- a Sydney University Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health , The Children's Hospital at Westmead , Sydney , NSW , Australia.,b Vaccine Trials Group, Telethon Kids Institute , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Dan Apter
- c Family Federation of Finland , Sexual Health Clinic , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Newton De Carvalho
- d Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Infectious Diseases Sector , University of Parana , Curitiba , Parana , Brazil
| | - Diane M Harper
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,f Department of Family and Geriatric Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Ryo Konno
- g Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center , Saitama , Japan
| | - Jorma Paavonen
- h Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Barbara Romanowski
- i Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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197
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Chen F, Yan L, Liu F, Huang J, Liu F, Wu J, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Cai L, Lin L, He B. Oral human papillomavirus infection, sexual behaviors and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in southeast of China: A case-control study. J Clin Virol 2016; 85:7-12. [PMID: 27788480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. Most of previous studies did not consider the potential modification effect of sexual behaviors when evaluating the role of HPV infection in OSCC risk. OBJECTIVES To explore the independent and joint effects of oral HPV infection and sexual behaviors on OSCC in Chinese population. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was conducted from September 2012 to September 2015 in Fujian, China. HPV DNA genotypes were detected in tumor tissues of 178 OSCC patients and oral exfoliated cells of 189 frequency-matched controls using flow-through hybridization and gene chip. Epidemiologic data were collected with a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall HPV prevalence was 14.04% in OSCC patients and 3.17% in controls. HPV-18 was the most prevalent type in cases and controls (10.67% vs. 2.12%). Oral HPV infection was strongly associated with an increased risk of OSCC: the ORs were 7.21 (95% CI: 2.61-19.88) for HPV16/18 and 7.59 (95% CI: 2.34-24.64) for HPV-18. Moreover, the significant associations were only observed in females, young adults, married population, merchants, non-smokers, non-alcohol drinkers and non-tea drinkers. Additionally, the first intercourse below 22years of age and oral sex practice did not show an association with OSCC. But there was a significantly multiplicative interaction between HPV 16/18 and age at first intercourse for OSCC (Pinteraction<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oral HPV infection (specifically type 18) is an independent risk factor for OSCC in Fujian area. Furthermore, there might be a combined effect of HPV 16/18 and age at first intercourse on OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fangping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
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198
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Pinto LA, Kemp TJ, Torres BN, Isaacs-Soriano K, Ingles D, Abrahamsen M, Pan Y, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmeron J, Giuliano AR. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Induces HPV-Specific Antibodies in the Oral Cavity: Results From the Mid-Adult Male Vaccine Trial. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1276-83. [PMID: 27511896 PMCID: PMC5034962 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus virus type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-18 cause a large proportion of oropharyngeal cancers, which are increasing in incidence among males, and vaccine efficacy against oral HPV infections in men has not been previously evaluated. METHODS Sera and saliva collected in mouthwash and Merocel sponges at day 1 and month 7 were obtained from 150 men aged 27-45 years from Tampa, Florida, and Cuernavaca, Mexico, who received Gardasil at day 1 and months 2 and 6. Specimens were tested for anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels by an L1 virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS All participants developed detectable serum anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 antibodies, and most had detectable antibodies in both oral specimen types at month 7 (HPV-16 was detected in 93.2% of mouthwash specimens and 95.7% of sponge specimens; HPV-18 was detected in 72.1% and 65.5%, respectively). Antibody concentrations in saliva were approximately 3 logs lower than in serum. HPV-16- and HPV-18-specific antibody levels, normalized to total IgG levels, in both oral specimen types at month 7 were significantly correlated with serum levels (for HPV-16, ρ was 0.90 for mouthwash specimens and 0.92 for sponge specimens; for HPV-18, ρ was 0.89 and 0.86, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that vaccination of males with Gardasil induces HPV antibody levels at the oral cavity that correlate with circulating levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - B Nelson Torres
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Donna Ingles
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yuanji Pan
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | | | | | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Reich M, Licitra L, Vermorken J, Bernier J, Parmar S, Golusinski W, Castellsagué X, Leemans C. Best practice guidelines in the psychosocial management of HPV-related head and neck cancer: recommendations from the European Head and Neck Cancer Society's Make Sense Campaign. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1848-54. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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200
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Kwon H, Brasch H, Benison S, Marsh R, Itinteang T, Titchener G, Evans J, Tan S. Changing prevalence and treatment outcomes of patients with p16 human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in New Zealand. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:898-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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